CN103984575A - Rapid deployment method of cluster Linux operation system in cloud-computing environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法，其实现过程为：客户端向服务器端请求IP地址，服务器端提供给客户端IP地址和下载bootloader的指令；客户端启动TFTP程序；用户选择相应操作系统后，调用相应操作系统的内核文件；客户端根据内核参数下载KS启动脚本；启动镜像根据KS脚本配置待安装软件；安装镜像通过HTTP服务从服务器端下载安装镜像；安装完毕后，重新启动操作系统；物理主机从本地硬盘启动，进入安装完毕的操作系统。该一种云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法和现有技术相比，提高操作系统部署效率，降低云计算环境下集群操作系统的部署时间。
The present invention provides a method for rapidly deploying a cluster Linux operating system in a cloud computing environment. The implementation process is as follows: a client requests an IP address from a server, and the server provides the client with an IP address and an instruction to download a bootloader; the client starts a TFTP program ; After the user selects the corresponding operating system, call the kernel file of the corresponding operating system; the client downloads the KS startup script according to the kernel parameters; the startup mirror configures the software to be installed according to the KS script; the installation mirror downloads the installation mirror from the server through the HTTP service; the installation is completed After that, restart the operating system; the physical host starts from the local hard disk and enters the installed operating system. Compared with the prior art, the rapid deployment method of the cluster Linux operating system in the cloud computing environment improves the deployment efficiency of the operating system and reduces the deployment time of the cluster operating system in the cloud computing environment.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及云计算发规模系统自动化安装技术领域，具体的说是一种实用性强、云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法。 The present invention relates to the technical field of automated installation of cloud computing scale-up systems, specifically a practical and fast deployment method for clustered Linux operating systems in cloud computing environments.
背景技术 Background technique
当前，云计算逐渐被行业认可，云计算成为IT领域最热门的技术之一。互联网行业、电信运营商、能源行业、卫生行业等行业都在规划、建设云数据中心。一般的云数据中心的物理主机规模都在一万台以上，数据中心的操心系统大部分以Linux操作系统为主，如此大规模的集群，基础操作系统的部署是运维管理人员十分关心的问题。 At present, cloud computing is gradually recognized by the industry, and cloud computing has become one of the hottest technologies in the IT field. Internet industry, telecom operators, energy industry, health industry and other industries are planning and building cloud data centers. The scale of physical hosts in a general cloud data center is more than 10,000. Most of the worrying systems in the data center are based on the Linux operating system. For such a large-scale cluster, the deployment of the basic operating system is a matter of great concern to the operation and maintenance managers. .
基于此，现提供一种可以提高操作系统的部署效率、降低操作系统部署的复杂度的操作系统自动部署的方法。 Based on this, a method for automatic operating system deployment that can improve operating system deployment efficiency and reduce operating system deployment complexity is now provided.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的技术任务是解决现有技术的不足，提供一种应用于运维管理过程中、云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法。 The technical task of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a method for rapidly deploying a cluster Linux operating system in a cloud computing environment, which is applied in the operation and maintenance management process.
本发明的技术方案是按以下方式实现的，该一种云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法，其具体实现过程如下： The technical solution of the present invention is realized in the following manner, the cluster Linux operating system rapid deployment method under the cloud computing environment, its specific implementation process is as follows:
一、主机启动初始化，客户端向服务器端请求IP地址，服务器端提供给客户端IP地址和带bootloader位置的下载bootloader的指令； 1. The host starts and initializes, the client requests the IP address from the server, and the server provides the client with the IP address and instructions for downloading the bootloader with the bootloader location;
二、客户端启动TFTP程序，获取IP地址后，向TFTP服务器端请求传输bootloader文件； 2. The client starts the TFTP program, obtains the IP address, and requests the TFTP server to transmit the bootloader file;
三、Bootloader文件下载操作系统安装菜单，用户选择相应操作系统后，bootloader调用相应操作系统的内核文件； 3. Bootloader file download operating system installation menu, after the user selects the corresponding operating system, the bootloader calls the kernel file of the corresponding operating system;
四、客户端根据内核参数下载KS启动脚本； 4. The client downloads the KS startup script according to the kernel parameters;
五、Linux启动镜像硬件信息从服务器端下载特殊的硬件驱动，在安装镜像中动态加载特殊硬件驱动； 5. Linux boot image hardware information Download special hardware drivers from the server, and dynamically load special hardware drivers in the installation image;
六、Linux启动镜像根据KS脚本配置待安装的系统、配置语言、鼠标、键盘、划分文件系统、配置网络、配置安装的软件； 6. Linux boot image configures the system to be installed, configures the language, mouse, keyboard, divides the file system, configures the network, and configures the installed software according to the KS script;
七、安装镜像通过HTTP服务从服务器端下载安装镜像； 7. The installation mirror downloads the installation mirror from the server through the HTTP service;
八、根据KS脚本进行操作系统的安装，安装完毕后，重新启动操作系统； 8. Install the operating system according to the KS script. After the installation is complete, restart the operating system;
九、物理主机从本地硬盘启动，进入安装完毕的操作系统，至此，操作系统自动安装成功。 9. The physical host starts from the local hard disk and enters the installed operating system. At this point, the operating system is automatically installed successfully.
所述步骤一中IP地址的请求是指客户端网卡在主机启动初始化时通过网卡内置的PXE芯片启动DHCP进程向服务端获取IP地址，该网卡获取得到IP地址。 The request of the IP address in the step 1 refers to that the client network card starts the DHCP process to obtain the IP address from the server through the PXE chip built in the network card when the host starts and initializes, and the network card obtains the IP address.
所述步骤二中的TFTP程序存在网卡的PXE芯片中，相对应的，请求传输的bootloader文件为PXElinux.0，该步骤中请求传输PXElinux.0的详细过程为： The TFTP program in the step 2 exists in the PXE chip of the network card, correspondingly, the bootloader file requested to be transmitted is PXElinux.0, and the detailed process of requesting to transmit PXElinux.0 in this step is:
1）服务器端的bootloader启动文件PXElinux.0； 1) The bootloader startup file PXElinux.0 on the server side;
2）客户端向服务器端请求PXElinux.0的参数文件； 2) The client requests the parameter file of PXElinux.0 from the server;
3）服务器端向客户端发送参数文件/pxelinux.cfg/default，完成PXElinux.0的传输过程。 3) The server sends the parameter file /pxelinux.cfg/default to the client to complete the transmission process of PXElinux.0.
所述步骤三中操作系统的内核文件是指linux的内核文件vmlinuz。 The kernel file of the operating system in the step 3 refers to the kernel file vmlinuz of linux.
所述步骤五中的特殊硬件驱动包括RAID驱动。 The special hardware drivers in the step five include RAID drivers.
所述集群系统由配置管理中心、启动镜像管理、安装镜像管理、IP地址管理、网络安装引导菜单管理模块、驱动管理模块组成，其中： The cluster system is composed of configuration management center, startup image management, installation image management, IP address management, network installation boot menu management module, and driver management module, wherein:
配置管理中心用于管理导入操作系统镜像模板、管理快速安装脚本、管理定制的shell脚本； The configuration management center is used to manage and import operating system image templates, manage quick installation scripts, and manage customized shell scripts;
启动镜像管理用于管理不同版本的Linux操作系统的网络启动镜像，网络启动镜像在主机基于PXE预启动环境下进行操作系统的镜像安装； The boot image management is used to manage the network boot images of different versions of the Linux operating system, and the network boot images are installed on the host based on the PXE pre-boot environment;
安装镜像管理管理不同版本的Linux镜像，对操作系统进行集中管理配置； Install image management to manage different versions of Linux images, and perform centralized management and configuration of the operating system;
IP地址管理模块根据动态主机分配协议管理局域网内主机分配的IP地址，物理主机获取到IP地址后，PXE客户端便可进行安装镜像的获取；该IP地址管理模块可根据主机的MAC地址为主机设置特定的IP地址； The IP address management module manages the IP address assigned by the host in the LAN according to the dynamic host allocation protocol. After the physical host obtains the IP address, the PXE client can obtain the installation image; Set a specific IP address;
网络安装引导菜单管理模块管理物理主机启动时的引导菜单，网络引导菜单可以根据需要进行定制；默认情况下，引导菜单从本地硬盘启动，避免物理主机在网络环境反复安装操作系统； The network installation boot menu management module manages the boot menu when the physical host starts, and the network boot menu can be customized according to needs; by default, the boot menu starts from the local hard disk to avoid repeated installation of the operating system on the physical host in the network environment;
驱动管理模块管理Linux操作系统安装过程的特殊硬件的驱动，启动安装镜像在启动过程，遇到找不到的驱动的情况下，从驱动管理模块获取所适配的驱动。 The driver management module manages the drivers of the special hardware in the installation process of the Linux operating system, and when the driver cannot be found during the start-up process of starting the installation image, the adapted driver is obtained from the driver management module.
所述安装系统的服务器端由配置管理中心、启动镜像管理、安装镜像管理、IP地址管理、网络安装引导菜单管理模块、驱动管理模块组成，其中： The server side of the installation system is composed of a configuration management center, startup image management, installation image management, IP address management, network installation boot menu management module, and a driver management module, wherein:
配置管理中心用于管理导入操作系统镜像模板、管理快速安装脚本、管理定制的shell脚本； The configuration management center is used to manage and import operating system image templates, manage quick installation scripts, and manage customized shell scripts;
启动镜像管理用于管理不同版本的Linux操作系统的网络启动镜像，网络启动镜像在主机基于PXE预启动环境下进行操作系统的镜像安装； The boot image management is used to manage the network boot images of different versions of the Linux operating system, and the network boot images are installed on the host based on the PXE pre-boot environment;
安装镜像管理管理不同版本的Linux镜像，对操作系统进行集中管理配置； Install image management to manage different versions of Linux images, and perform centralized management and configuration of the operating system;
IP地址管理模块根据动态主机分配协议管理局域网内主机分配的IP地址，物理主机获取到IP地址后，PXE客户端便可进行安装镜像的获取；该IP地址管理模块可根据主机的MAC地址为主机设置特定的IP地址； The IP address management module manages the IP address assigned by the host in the LAN according to the dynamic host allocation protocol. After the physical host obtains the IP address, the PXE client can obtain the installation image; Set a specific IP address;
网络安装引导菜单管理模块管理物理主机启动时的引导菜单，网络引导菜单可以根据需要进行定制；默认情况下，引导菜单从本地硬盘启动，避免物理主机在网络环境反复安装操作系统； The network installation boot menu management module manages the boot menu when the physical host starts, and the network boot menu can be customized according to needs; by default, the boot menu starts from the local hard disk to avoid repeated installation of the operating system on the physical host in the network environment;
驱动管理模块管理Linux操作系统安装过程的特殊硬件的驱动，启动安装镜像在启动过程，遇到找不到的驱动的情况下，从驱动管理模块获取所适配的驱动。 The driver management module manages the drivers of the special hardware in the installation process of the Linux operating system, and when the driver cannot be found during the start-up process of starting the installation image, the adapted driver is obtained from the driver management module.
本发明与现有技术相比所产生的有益效果是： The beneficial effect that the present invention produces compared with prior art is:
本发明的一种云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法自动化完成操作系统的部署工作，有效提高操作系统的部署效率、降低操作系统的部署难度，缩短云计算环境下安装操作系统的时间，降低网络操作系统部署的管理节点的部署复杂度；适用范围广泛，可广泛应用于各种大规模系统的运维管理过程中，实用性强，易于推广。 A method for quickly deploying a clustered Linux operating system in a cloud computing environment according to the present invention automatically completes the deployment of the operating system, effectively improves the deployment efficiency of the operating system, reduces the difficulty of deploying the operating system, and shortens the time for installing the operating system in the cloud computing environment. Reduce the deployment complexity of the management node deployed by the network operating system; it has a wide range of applications and can be widely used in the operation and maintenance management process of various large-scale systems. It has strong practicability and is easy to promote.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图1为本发明的实现流程示意图。 Accompanying drawing 1 is the realization flow diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的一种云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法作以下详细说明。 A method for rapidly deploying a cluster Linux operating system in a cloud computing environment of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如附图1所示，现提供一种云计算环境下集群Linux操作系统快速部署方法，用于实现大规模集群操作系统的统一部署，提高操作系统部署效率，降低云计算环境下集群操作系统的部署时间，降低网络操作系统部署的管理节点的部署复杂度。 As shown in Figure 1, a method for rapidly deploying cluster Linux operating systems in a cloud computing environment is now provided, which is used to realize the unified deployment of large-scale cluster operating systems, improve the deployment efficiency of operating systems, and reduce the cost of cluster operating systems in cloud computing environments. The deployment time is reduced, and the deployment complexity of the management node deployed by the network operating system is reduced.
其具体实现过程如下： Its specific implementation process is as follows:
一、主机启动初始化，客户端向服务器端请求IP地址，服务器端提供给客户端IP地址和带bootloader位置的下载bootloader的指令； 1. The host starts and initializes, the client requests the IP address from the server, and the server provides the client with the IP address and instructions for downloading the bootloader with the bootloader location;
二、客户端启动TFTP程序，获取IP地址后，向TFTP服务器端请求传输bootloader文件； 2. The client starts the TFTP program, obtains the IP address, and requests the TFTP server to transmit the bootloader file;
三、Bootloader文件下载操作系统安装菜单，用户选择相应操作系统后，bootloader调用相应操作系统的内核文件； 3. Bootloader file download operating system installation menu, after the user selects the corresponding operating system, the bootloader calls the kernel file of the corresponding operating system;
四、客户端根据内核参数下载KS启动脚本； 4. The client downloads the KS startup script according to the kernel parameters;
五、Linux启动镜像硬件信息从服务器端下载特殊的硬件驱动，在安装镜像中动态加载特殊硬件驱动； 5. Linux boot image hardware information Download special hardware drivers from the server, and dynamically load special hardware drivers in the installation image;
六、Linux启动镜像根据KS脚本配置待安装的系统、配置语言、鼠标、键盘、划分文件系统、配置网络、配置安装的软件； 6. Linux boot image configures the system to be installed, configures the language, mouse, keyboard, divides the file system, configures the network, and configures the installed software according to the KS script;
七、安装镜像通过HTTP服务从服务器端下载安装镜像； 7. The installation mirror downloads the installation mirror from the server through the HTTP service;
八、根据KS脚本进行操作系统的安装，安装完毕后，重新启动操作系统； 8. Install the operating system according to the KS script. After the installation is complete, restart the operating system;
九、物理主机从本地硬盘启动，进入安装完毕的操作系统，至此，操作系统自动安装成功。 9. The physical host starts from the local hard disk and enters the installed operating system. At this point, the operating system is automatically installed successfully.
所述步骤一中IP地址的请求是指客户端网卡在主机启动初始化时通过网卡内置的PXE芯片启动DHCP进程向服务端获取IP地址，该网卡获取得到IP地址。 The request of the IP address in the step 1 refers to that the client network card starts the DHCP process to obtain the IP address from the server through the PXE chip built in the network card when the host starts and initializes, and the network card obtains the IP address.
所述步骤二中的TFTP程序存在网卡的PXE芯片中，相对应的，请求传输的bootloader文件为PXElinux.0，该步骤中请求传输PXElinux.0的详细过程为： The TFTP program in the step 2 exists in the PXE chip of the network card, correspondingly, the bootloader file requested to be transmitted is PXElinux.0, and the detailed process of requesting to transmit PXElinux.0 in this step is:
1）服务器端的bootloader启动文件PXElinux.0； 1) The bootloader startup file PXElinux.0 on the server side;
2）客户端向服务器端请求PXElinux.0的参数文件； 2) The client requests the parameter file of PXElinux.0 from the server;
3）服务器端向客户端发送参数文件/pxelinux.cfg/default，完成PXElinux.0的传输过程。 3) The server sends the parameter file /pxelinux.cfg/default to the client to complete the transmission process of PXElinux.0.
所述步骤三中操作系统的内核文件是指linux的内核文件vmlinuz。 The kernel file of the operating system in the step 3 refers to the kernel file vmlinuz of linux.
所述步骤五中的特殊硬件驱动包括RAID驱动。 The special hardware drivers in the step five include RAID drivers.
所述安装系统的服务器端由配置管理中心、启动镜像管理、安装镜像管理、IP地址管理、网络安装引导菜单管理模块、驱动管理模块组成，其中： The server side of the installation system is composed of a configuration management center, startup image management, installation image management, IP address management, network installation boot menu management module, and a driver management module, wherein:
配置管理中心用于管理导入操作系统镜像模板、管理快速安装脚本、管理定制的shell脚本。 The configuration management center is used to manage and import operating system image templates, manage quick installation scripts, and manage customized shell scripts.
启动镜像管理用于管理不同版本的Linux操作系统的网络启动镜像，网络启动镜像在主机基于PXE预启动环境下进行操作系统的镜像安装。 The boot image management is used to manage the network boot images of different versions of the Linux operating system, and the network boot image is used to install the image of the operating system based on the PXE pre-boot environment of the host.
安装镜像管理、主要管理不同版本的Linux镜像，对操作系统进行集中管理配置。 Install image management, mainly manage different versions of Linux images, and perform centralized management and configuration of the operating system.
IP地址管理模块根据动态主机分配协议管理局域网内主机可分配的IP地址，物理主机获取到IP地址后，PXE客户端便可以进行安装镜像的获取。IP地址管理模块，可以根据主机的MAC地址为主机设置特定的IP地址。 The IP address management module manages the IP addresses that can be assigned by hosts in the LAN according to the dynamic host allocation protocol. After the physical host obtains the IP address, the PXE client can obtain the installation image. The IP address management module can set a specific IP address for the host according to the MAC address of the host.
网络安装引导菜单管理模块管理物理主机启动时的引导菜单，网络引导菜单可以根据需要进行定制。默认情况下，引导菜单从本地硬盘启动，避免物理主机在网络环境反复安装操作系统。 The network installation boot menu management module manages the boot menu when the physical host starts, and the network boot menu can be customized as required. By default, the boot menu starts from the local hard disk, avoiding repeated installation of the operating system on the physical host in the network environment.
驱动管理模块管理Linux操作系统安装过程的特殊硬件的驱动，启动安装镜像在启动过程，遇到找不到的驱动的情况下，从该方法的驱动管理模块获取所适配的驱动。此模块避免安装过程中因缺少驱动，导致Linux系统无法安装和安装后无法启动操作系统的现象。 The driver management module manages the driver of the special hardware in the installation process of the Linux operating system. When starting the installation image and encounters a driver that cannot be found during the startup process, the adapted driver is obtained from the driver management module of this method. This module avoids the phenomenon that the Linux system cannot be installed and the operating system cannot be started after installation due to lack of drivers during the installation process.
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。 The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all Equivalent technical solutions also belong to the category of the present invention, and the scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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| CN117873506A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-04-12 | 山东乾云启创信息科技股份有限公司 | Mirror image operation realization method and system based on VOI |
| CN117873506B (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-06-11 | 山东乾云启创信息科技股份有限公司 | Mirror image operation realization method and system based on VOI |
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