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CN103980934A - Deep dehydrating method and device for oil product - Google Patents

Deep dehydrating method and device for oil product Download PDF

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CN103980934A
CN103980934A CN201410210965.3A CN201410210965A CN103980934A CN 103980934 A CN103980934 A CN 103980934A CN 201410210965 A CN201410210965 A CN 201410210965A CN 103980934 A CN103980934 A CN 103980934A
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water
oil
separation
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CN103980934B (en
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杨强
卢浩
许萧
王朝阳
杨森
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G33/00Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G33/00Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G33/06Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种油品深度脱水的方法及装置。含微量水的油品首先通过整流器使流体均布,其次通过一段或者几段以X形编织的亲油疏水和亲水疏油纤维编织层进行微量水滴的捕获、聚结长大及微量油包水形式乳化液的破乳、分离,接着通过波纹强化沉降分离实现水滴的快速聚结长大分离,最后再通过一段以Ω形编织的亲油疏水和亲水疏油纤维编织层进行油品中极微量水滴的补集分离,实现油品的深度脱水。本发明还提供了一套实现该方法的装置,包括壳体、进料管、整流器、纤维聚结层、波纹强化分离层,以及液面计等几个部分。本技术分离效率高、能耗小、连续运转周期长,可广泛应用于各个含微量水的油品深度脱水过程。The invention relates to a method and device for deep dehydration of oil products. The oil containing a small amount of water first passes through the rectifier to make the fluid evenly distributed, and then passes through one or several sections of oleophilic and hydrophobic and oleophilic and oleophobic fiber braided in an X shape to capture, coalesce and grow traces of water droplets. Demulsification and separation of emulsion in water form, followed by the rapid coalescence, growth and separation of water droplets through corrugated enhanced sedimentation separation, and finally through a section of oleophilic and hydrophobic and oleophilic and oleophobic fiber braided in an Ω-shaped braided layer for oil neutralization Complementary collection and separation of extremely small water droplets to achieve deep dehydration of oil products. The invention also provides a set of devices for realizing the method, which includes several parts such as a housing, a feed pipe, a rectifier, a fiber coalescence layer, a corrugated reinforced separation layer, and a liquid level gauge. This technology has high separation efficiency, low energy consumption and long continuous operation period, and can be widely used in the deep dehydration process of oil products containing trace amounts of water.

Description

一种油品深度脱水的方法及装置A method and device for deep dehydration of oil products

技术领域technical field

本发明属于石油化工油品脱水领域,具体涉及一种油品深度脱水的方法及装置。The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical oil dehydration, and in particular relates to a method and device for deep dehydration of oil.

背景技术Background technique

油品含水对石油化工生产装置及后续成品油在发动机的安全使用都有着重大的影响,如原油中含水会增大运输量,更重要的是给原油加工带来困难,增加了常减压蒸馏装置的能耗。因水的相对分子能量比油的相对分子能量小得多,气化后体积猛增,使系统压力降增加,动力消耗随之增加,因此油品中若水含量高,会使装置操作波动,造成冲塔。并且由于含水带入的无机盐(Call2、MgCl2)还会加剧装置的腐蚀。轻质燃料油中含水会使冰点、结晶点升高,导致油品低温水动性变差,造成油品在低温下分析出冰粒而堵塞过滤器及油路,尤其是航煤和柴油中的含水,会造成供油中断,酿成严重事故。润滑油中含水,会破坏润滑膜,使润滑不能正常进行,增加机件的磨损。水分带入的无机盐还会增加润滑油的腐蚀性,加剧机件的腐蚀。当使用含水的润滑油在温度较高的环境下工作时,由于水的汽化就会破坏润滑膜。重整原料油中水含量超标,会使催化剂中毒,由于油中过多的水占据了催化剂的酸性中心,破坏了酸性中心金属中心的平衡,使催化剂活性下降甚至失活,影响催化剂使用寿命。石油产品中的水分蒸发时要吸收热量,会使发热量降低;轻质石油中的水分会使燃烧过程恶化,并能将溶解的盐带入气缸内,生成积炭,增加气缸的磨损;在低温情况下,燃料中的水会结冰,堵塞燃料导管和滤清器,阻碍发电机燃料系统的燃料供给;石油产品中有水会加速油品的氧化生胶;润滑油中有水时不但会引起发动机零件的腐蚀,而且水和高于100℃的金属零件接触时会变成水蒸气,破坏润滑油膜。轻质油品密度小,黏度小,油水容易分离。而重质油品则相反,不易分离。进入常减压蒸馏装置的原油要求含水量不大于0.2~0.5%;成品油的规格标准要求汽油、煤油不含水,轻柴油水分含量不大于痕迹(痕迹一般按照300mg/L考虑);重柴油水分含量不大于0.5~1.5%;各种润滑油、燃料油都有相应的控制指标。因此油品深度脱水对石化生产及后续的油品高效使用都有着重要的影响。Water content in oil has a major impact on the safe use of petrochemical production equipment and subsequent refined oil in engines. For example, water content in crude oil will increase the transportation volume, and more importantly, it will bring difficulties to crude oil processing, increasing atmospheric and vacuum distillation. The energy consumption of the device. Because the relative molecular energy of water is much smaller than that of oil, the volume increases sharply after gasification, which increases the pressure drop of the system and the power consumption increases accordingly. Therefore, if the water content in the oil is high, the operation of the device will fluctuate, causing Punch tower. Moreover, the inorganic salts (Call2, MgCl2) brought in by water will also aggravate the corrosion of the device. Water in light fuel oil will increase the freezing point and crystallization point, resulting in poor low-temperature water mobility of the oil, causing ice particles to be analyzed at low temperatures and blocking the filter and oil circuit, especially in aviation kerosene and diesel oil. The water contained in the oil will cause interruption of oil supply and lead to serious accidents. The water in the lubricating oil will destroy the lubricating film, make the lubrication cannot be carried out normally, and increase the wear of the parts. The inorganic salt brought by the water will also increase the corrosiveness of the lubricating oil and aggravate the corrosion of the machine parts. When using lubricating oil containing water to work in a higher temperature environment, the lubricating film will be destroyed due to the vaporization of water. Exceeding the water content in the reforming raw oil will poison the catalyst, because too much water in the oil occupies the acidic center of the catalyst, destroying the balance of the metal center of the acidic center, reducing the activity of the catalyst or even deactivating it, and affecting the service life of the catalyst. When the water in petroleum products evaporates, it absorbs heat, which will reduce the calorific value; the water in light oil will deteriorate the combustion process, and can bring dissolved salt into the cylinder, forming carbon deposits and increasing the wear of the cylinder; At low temperature, the water in the fuel will freeze, block the fuel conduit and filter, and hinder the fuel supply of the generator fuel system; the water in the petroleum product will accelerate the oxidation of the oil; the water in the lubricating oil will not only It will cause corrosion of engine parts, and when water contacts metal parts above 100°C, it will turn into water vapor and destroy the lubricating oil film. Light oil products have low density, low viscosity, and easy separation of oil and water. On the contrary, heavy oil products are not easy to separate. The water content of crude oil entering the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is required to be no more than 0.2-0.5%; the specifications and standards of refined oil require that gasoline and kerosene contain no water, and the water content of light diesel oil should not exceed traces (the traces are generally considered as 300mg/L); The content is not more than 0.5-1.5%; various lubricating oils and fuel oils have corresponding control indicators. Therefore, deep dehydration of oil has an important impact on petrochemical production and subsequent efficient use of oil.

目前油品物理手段脱水主要技术有重力沉降、旋流分离、聚结过滤等方法,也有通过盐吸附、闪蒸、电场分离等其它手段进行脱水。对于重力沉降来说,主要能去除油品中的明水,即粒径大于100μm的游离水滴,对100μm以下的分散水滴不能有效分离去除;旋流分离技术适用于含大量水的快速去除过程,对15μm以下水滴及乳化水滴不能有效分离,因需将势能转化为旋转动能进行分离,能耗相对较高;聚结过滤通过渗透性进行分离,适应范围较窄,工厂应用过程存在使用寿命短的问题,而采用盐吸附、电场分离、闪蒸分离则相对能耗及操作复杂,仅适用于特定处理介质。At present, the main technologies for oil dehydration by physical means include gravity sedimentation, cyclone separation, coalescence filtration and other methods, as well as dehydration by other means such as salt adsorption, flash evaporation, and electric field separation. For gravity sedimentation, it can mainly remove clear water in oil products, that is, free water droplets with a particle size greater than 100 μm, and can not effectively separate and remove dispersed water droplets below 100 μm; cyclone separation technology is suitable for rapid removal of large amounts of water. Water droplets below 15 μm and emulsified water droplets cannot be effectively separated, because the potential energy needs to be converted into rotational kinetic energy for separation, and the energy consumption is relatively high; coalescing filtration is separated by permeability, and the scope of application is narrow, and there is a short service life in the factory application process However, the use of salt adsorption, electric field separation, and flash separation is relatively energy-consuming and complex in operation, and is only suitable for specific treatment media.

专利ZL01823742.8油脱水器公开了一种采用膜进行油脱水的方法,但存在使用成本高、易污染损坏的问题;申请号为200810042145.2的专利公开了一种柴油脱水的方法与装置,该专利采用旋流方法进行分离,由于旋流分离的技术特性,仅能适用于15μm以上的游离水滴的分离,且操作压降较大,不能实现油品高效且低耗的深度脱水;专利ZL201010145423.4公开了一种重油及煤焦油脱水机,采用滚筒蒸发形式脱水,相对能耗较高,操作较为复杂,仅适用于特定介质的油品脱水过程,ZL200910065725.8公开了一种采用电场脱水的方法及装置,专利201010261697.X公开了一种采用超声波技术脱水的方法及装置,申请号为201310352748.3的专利公开了一种采用过滤-旋流-聚结-旋流的方法进行重污油脱水的方法,以上专利技术仅在特定的场合适用,都存在能耗较高、适应范围较窄的问题,也达不到油品深度脱水的要求。The patent ZL01823742.8 oil dehydrator discloses a method of dehydrating oil by using a membrane, but there are problems of high cost of use and easy pollution and damage; the patent application number 200810042145.2 discloses a method and device for dehydrating diesel oil. The cyclone method is used for separation. Due to the technical characteristics of cyclone separation, it is only suitable for the separation of free water droplets above 15 μm, and the operating pressure drop is large, which cannot achieve deep dehydration of oil products with high efficiency and low consumption; patent ZL201010145423.4 A heavy oil and coal tar dehydrator is disclosed, which uses drum evaporation for dehydration, which has relatively high energy consumption and complicated operation, and is only suitable for the oil dehydration process of specific media. ZL200910065725.8 discloses a dehydration method using electric field and devices, patent 201010261697.X discloses a method and device for dehydration using ultrasonic technology, and patent application number 201310352748.3 discloses a method for dehydrating heavy dirty oil using the method of filtration-swirl-coalescence-swirl , the above patented technologies are only suitable for specific occasions, and all have the problems of high energy consumption and narrow application range, and cannot meet the requirements of deep dehydration of oil products.

因此本领域迫切需要开发成本低、操作简单、能耗低且效率高的油品深度脱水技术。Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a deep oil dehydration technology with low cost, simple operation, low energy consumption and high efficiency.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种油品深度脱水的方法及装置,具体技术方案如下:In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for deep dehydration of oil products, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:

一种油品深度脱水的方法,包括如下步骤:A method for deep dehydration of oil products, comprising the steps of:

(1)首先,含微量水的油品通过流体整流器进行整流,使流体在流体流动的径向截面实现均匀分布;所述油品中微量水的浓度不大于1000mg/L,所述微量水的水滴粒径为0.1~30μm,操作温度为5~99℃;(1) First, the oil product containing a small amount of water is rectified by a fluid rectifier, so that the fluid is evenly distributed in the radial section of the fluid flow; the concentration of the trace water in the oil product is not more than 1000mg/L, and the concentration of the trace water The particle size of water droplets is 0.1-30μm, and the operating temperature is 5-99℃;

(2)经整流后的含微量水油品均匀进入亲水疏油性纤维和亲油疏水性纤维交错编织形成的X形编织层,在所述X形编织层中进行微量水滴的捕获、聚结长大及微量油包水形式乳化液的破乳、分离,该过程结束后水滴粒径长大至10~50μm;(2) The rectified water-containing oil product evenly enters the X-shaped braided layer formed by the interweaving of hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers, and captures and coalesces trace water droplets in the X-shaped braided layer Demulsification and separation of large and small water-in-oil emulsions. After the process, the particle size of water droplets grows to 10-50 μm;

(3)经步骤(2)聚结分离后的油品进入波纹强化分离层进行水滴的快速长大和分离,经该过程后油品含水量降为200mg/L以内;(3) The oil product coalesced and separated in step (2) enters the corrugated strengthening separation layer for rapid growth and separation of water droplets, and after this process, the water content of the oil product is reduced to within 200 mg/L;

(4)经步骤(3)分离后的油品在出口前进入亲水疏油纤维和亲油疏水纤维的Ω形编织层,在所述Ω形编织层中对油品中未分离的分散水滴和乳化水滴进行深度补集分离,经该过程后油品中含水量降为20mg/L以内。(4) the oil product after the separation of step (3) enters the Ω-shaped braided layer of the hydrophilic-oleophobic fiber and the lipophilic-hydrophobic fiber before the outlet, and in the described Ω-shaped braided layer, unseparated dispersed water droplets and The emulsified water droplets are subjected to deep supplementary separation, and after this process, the water content in the oil is reduced to less than 20mg/L.

所述流体整流器为一多孔均布的开孔厚板,所述孔为圆孔或方形孔,开孔率大于等于60%,开孔率是开孔面积占板面积的百分比。The fluid rectifier is a thick plate with holes evenly distributed, the holes are round holes or square holes, the opening ratio is greater than or equal to 60%, and the opening ratio is the percentage of the opening area to the plate area.

步骤(2)的所述X形编织层中亲水疏油性纤维与水平线的夹角为25度至60度(顺时针),所述X形纤维编织层为1块或者多块地充满整个流体流动的截面。The included angle between the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers in the X-shaped braided layer of step (2) and the horizontal line is 25° to 60° (clockwise), and the X-shaped fiber braided layer is one or more pieces filled with the entire fluid cross section of the flow.

经发明人长期研究发现,当亲水疏油性纤维与水平线(亲油疏水性纤维)夹角为25度至45度之间时,对乳化水滴有着高效的分离效率,因亲水疏油性纤维与水平的亲油疏水性纤维夹角较小,乳化水滴(油包水)运动到两根纤维的节点处时,如图1所示,受亲水疏油及亲油疏水极性作用力,水滴受到亲水疏油纤维的拖拽力,而角度较小时在水平运动距离相等时水滴受力过程较长,更容易被分离,反之,如果角度大时,水滴因受力过程短,而不易分离;而当亲水疏油性纤维与水平线夹角为45度至60度之间时,对分散水滴的快速分离有着较好的作用,因水平角度大,水平运动时水滴更能快速顺着亲水性纤维向下运动而被快速分离。After long-term research by the inventor, it has been found that when the angle between the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers and the horizontal line (oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers) is between 25 degrees and 45 degrees, there is a high separation efficiency for emulsified water droplets, because the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers and The angle between the horizontal lipophilic and hydrophobic fibers is small. When the emulsified water droplet (water-in-oil) moves to the node of the two fibers, as shown in Figure 1, the water droplet Under the drag force of hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers, when the angle is small, the force process of water droplets is longer when the horizontal movement distance is equal, and it is easier to be separated. On the contrary, if the angle is large, the force process of water droplets is short and difficult to separate. ; and when the angle between the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers and the horizontal line is between 45 degrees and 60 degrees, it has a better effect on the rapid separation of dispersed water droplets. Because of the large horizontal angle, the water droplets can move along the hydrophilic surface more quickly when moving horizontally. Sexual fibers move downward and are rapidly separated.

所述X形编织层中相邻两根亲油疏水性纤维的间距a是相邻两根亲水疏油性纤维的间距b的1~3倍。The spacing a between two adjacent oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers in the X-shaped braided layer is 1 to 3 times the spacing b between two adjacent hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers.

步骤(3)中所述波纹强化分离层采用的是亲水性材料,其中波纹板的间距为5~25mm,波谷处开有直径5~10mm的圆孔,所述圆孔之间的间距为50~300mm。The corrugated strengthening separation layer described in step (3) adopts a hydrophilic material, wherein the distance between the corrugated plates is 5-25 mm, and there are round holes with a diameter of 5-10 mm at the wave trough, and the distance between the round holes is 50~300mm.

步骤(4)的所述Ω形编织层中亲水疏油性纤维与亲油疏水性纤维的数量比例为3:2~7:1,所述Ω形编织层的面积为流体流动截面面积的30~80%且位于流体流动的上部截面;另外,所述Ω形编织层是预先将亲水疏油性纤维与亲油疏水性纤维各自排列为Ω形状后交错编织形成的。该过程采用Ω形编织更侧重于亲水疏油纤维的吸附作用,采用Ω形编织接触点多且为亲水纤维为顺着油品流动方向呈水平波纹形状,对特别细小水滴有着导流牵引及吸附的作用,而在运动到凹部位置又可起到水滴聚积长大作用,进而将出口油品中的更微量水滴捕获分离,达到深度脱水的效果,如图2所示。In the Ω-shaped braided layer of step (4), the ratio of the number of hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers to lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers is 3:2 to 7:1, and the area of the Ω-shaped braided layer is 30% of the fluid flow cross-sectional area. ~80% and located in the upper cross-section where the fluid flows; in addition, the Ω-shaped braided layer is formed by pre-arranging the hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers and the lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers in an Ω-shape and interlacing. In this process, the Ω-shaped weaving is more focused on the adsorption of hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers. The Ω-shaped weaving has many contact points and is made of hydrophilic fibers. It has a horizontal corrugated shape along the oil flow direction, and has a diversion and traction for particularly small water droplets. And the role of adsorption, while moving to the concave position, it can also play the role of water droplet accumulation and growth, and then capture and separate the smaller water droplets in the exported oil to achieve the effect of deep dehydration, as shown in Figure 2.

所述亲油疏水性纤维选自改性聚丙烯、特氟龙、尼龙,亲水疏油性纤维选自金属、陶瓷。The lipophilic and hydrophobic fibers are selected from modified polypropylene, Teflon, and nylon, and the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers are selected from metals and ceramics.

整个过程中油品脱水的压力损失为0.01~0.05MPa。The pressure loss of oil dehydration in the whole process is 0.01-0.05MPa.

实现上述任一方法的装置,所述装置包括壳体、油品入口、流体整流器、纤维聚结分离层、波纹强化分离层、纤维聚结补集层、水包及净化油相出口;A device for realizing any of the above methods, the device includes a housing, an oil inlet, a fluid rectifier, a fiber coalescing separation layer, a corrugated reinforced separation layer, a fiber coalescence replenishment layer, a water bag, and an outlet for purifying the oil phase;

其中,所述油品入口在所述壳体的上部一端,所述净化油相出口在所述壳体的上部另一端;所述水包在所述壳体的下部,该水包与所述净化油相出口相对或稍有偏差地相对设置,所述水包具有液面计,所述水包的底部设有水相出口;流体整流器、纤维聚结分离层、波纹强化分离层、纤维聚结补集层位于所述壳体的内部并依次互不相连地排列,其中,所述流体整流器靠近所述油品入口,所述纤维聚结补集层的面积为流体流动截面面积的30~80%且处于流体流动的上部截面。Wherein, the inlet of the oil product is at one end of the upper part of the housing, and the outlet of the purified oil phase is at the other end of the upper part of the housing; the water bag is at the lower part of the housing, and the water bag is connected with the The outlet of the purified oil phase is relatively or slightly deviated. The water bag has a liquid level gauge, and the bottom of the water bag is provided with a water phase outlet; a fluid rectifier, a fiber coalescence separation layer, a corrugated reinforced separation layer, a fiber aggregation The knot-complementary layer is located inside the housing and arranged sequentially without connection, wherein the fluid rectifier is close to the oil inlet, and the area of the fiber coalescence-complementary layer is 30-30% of the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow. 80% and in the upper section of fluid flow.

所述壳体是卧式圆形罐,或卧式长方体罐。The shell is a horizontal circular tank, or a horizontal rectangular parallelepiped tank.

所述纤维聚结分离层是亲油疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维进行编织形成的X形编织层,其中亲水疏油性纤维与水平线的夹角为25度至60度;并且,相邻两根亲油疏水性纤维的间距a是相邻两根亲水疏油性纤维的间距b的1~3倍;The fiber coalescing separation layer is an X-shaped braided layer formed by weaving lipophilic and hydrophobic fibers and hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers, wherein the angle between the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers and the horizontal line is 25 degrees to 60 degrees; and, two adjacent The spacing a of the root lipophilic and hydrophobic fibers is 1 to 3 times the spacing b of two adjacent hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers;

所述纤维聚结补集层是亲水疏油性纤维和亲油疏水性纤维进行编织形成的Ω形编织层,其中亲水疏油性纤维与亲油疏水性纤维的数量比例为3:2~7:1。由于油品中水含量较小,因此亲水性纤维的比例越多捕获水滴的概率也越大,又由于较低含量的水滴以微小颗粒状附着在油滴上,因此比例控制在1~3倍时效果最好,因一部分需要通过亲水疏油及亲油疏水纤维节点的作用力进行破乳分离,而超过3倍时的效率未见明显提高,再增加亲水性纤维比例的话成本较大且无意义。The fiber coalescing supplementary layer is an Ω-shaped braided layer formed by weaving hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers, wherein the number ratio of hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers to lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers is 3:2~7: 1. Since the water content in the oil is small, the higher the proportion of hydrophilic fibers, the greater the probability of capturing water droplets, and because the lower content of water droplets adheres to the oil droplets in the form of tiny particles, the proportion is controlled at 1 to 3 The effect is the best when it is doubled, because part of it needs to be demulsified and separated by the force of hydrophilic-oleophobic and lipophilic-hydrophobic fiber nodes, but the efficiency is not significantly improved when it exceeds 3 times, and the cost is lower if the proportion of hydrophilic fibers is increased. Big and meaningless.

所述波纹强化分离层采用的是亲水性材料,其中波纹板的间距为5~25mm,波谷处开有直径5~10mm的圆孔,所述圆孔之间的间距为50~300mm。在此部分水滴已得到上一级的聚结长大,在波纹流动过程中,水滴由于密度较大而在波纹板的凹处聚积,迅速长大为更大水滴而下沉分离。The corrugated reinforced separation layer is made of hydrophilic material, wherein the distance between the corrugated plates is 5-25 mm, and round holes with a diameter of 5-10 mm are opened at the troughs, and the distance between the round holes is 50-300 mm. In this part of the water droplets have been coalesced and grown in the upper level. During the corrugated flow process, the water droplets accumulate in the recesses of the corrugated plate due to their high density, and quickly grow into larger water droplets and sink and separate.

本发明的有益效果在于,将流体均布,亲水疏油及亲油疏水以不同组合形式进行编织,起到破乳、聚结及水滴快速导流下沉分离作用,且针对油品含水滴的特性进行针对性的分离形式组合,具有高效且低耗的特点,适用于不同过程的油品脱水过程。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the fluid is evenly distributed, and the hydrophilic-oleophobic and lipophilic-hydrophobic are braided in different combinations to play the role of demulsification, coalescence, and rapid diversion and sinking of water droplets. Combination of targeted separation forms based on specific characteristics, high efficiency and low consumption, suitable for oil dehydration in different processes.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是破乳分离原理示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of demulsification and separation;

图2是Ω形编织层的深度除水示意图;Fig. 2 is the depth water removal schematic diagram of Ω-shaped braided layer;

图3是X形编织层的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an X-shaped braided layer;

图4是水滴在X形编织层上的分离示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the separation of water droplets on the X-shaped braided layer;

图5是亲水疏油纤维和亲油疏水纤维形成Ω形编织层的编织过程示意图;Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the weaving process that hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers form an Ω-shaped braided layer;

图6是适用于含微量水的油品深度脱水的装置结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device suitable for deep dehydration of oil containing a small amount of water.

符号说明:Symbol Description:

1壳体;2油品入口;3流体整流器;4、X形编织层;1 shell; 2 oil inlet; 3 fluid rectifier; 4, X-shaped braiding layer;

5波纹强化分离层;6Ω形编织层;7净化油相出口;5 corrugated reinforced separation layer; 6 Ω-shaped braided layer; 7 purified oil phase outlet;

8液面计;9水相出口;10水包。8 liquid level gauge; 9 water phase outlet; 10 water bag.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

实施例Example

某石化公司两套柴油加氢装置,采用了本发明的油品深度脱水的方法及装置,对柴油加氢装置分馏塔出来的柴油进行脱水处理,脱水后的柴油送往成品油罐。Two sets of diesel hydrogenation units in a petrochemical company adopted the method and device for deep dehydration of oil products of the present invention to dehydrate the diesel oil from the fractionation tower of the diesel hydrogenation unit, and the dehydrated diesel oil was sent to the finished oil tank.

上述装置的结构示意图如图6所示,包括壳体1、油品入口2、流体整流器3、X形编织层4(纤维聚结分离层)、波纹强化分离层5、Ω形编织层6(纤维聚结补集层)、水包10及净化油相出口7;The structural schematic diagram of the above-mentioned device is shown in Figure 6, including a housing 1, an oil inlet 2, a fluid rectifier 3, an X-shaped braided layer 4 (fiber coalescence separation layer), a corrugated reinforced separation layer 5, and an Ω-shaped braided layer 6 ( fiber coalescing replenishment layer), water bag 10 and purified oil phase outlet 7;

其中,油品入口2在壳体1的上部一端,净化油相出口7在壳体1的上部另一端;水包10在壳体1的下部,水包10与净化油相出口7相对或稍有偏差地相对设置,水包10具有液面计8,水包10的底部设有水相出口9;流体整流器3、X形编织层4、波纹强化分离层5、Ω形编织层6位于壳体1的内部并依次互不相连地排列,其中,流体整流器3靠近油品入口2,Ω形编织层6的面积为流体流动截面面积的30~80%且处于流体流动的上部截面。Wherein, the oil inlet 2 is at one end of the upper part of the housing 1, and the purified oil phase outlet 7 is at the other end of the upper part of the housing 1; the water bag 10 is at the bottom of the housing 1, and the water bag 10 is opposite to or slightly Relatively arranged with deviation, the water bag 10 has a liquid level gauge 8, and the bottom of the water bag 10 is provided with a water phase outlet 9; the fluid rectifier 3, the X-shaped braided layer 4, the corrugated reinforced separation layer 5, and the Ω-shaped braided layer 6 are located in the shell The interior of the body 1 is arranged sequentially without connection, wherein the fluid rectifier 3 is close to the oil inlet 2, and the area of the Ω-shaped braided layer 6 is 30-80% of the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow and is in the upper section of the fluid flow.

本实施例的图6中的壳体1是卧式圆形罐,还可以选用卧式长方体罐。The housing 1 in Fig. 6 of the present embodiment is a horizontal circular tank, and a horizontal rectangular parallelepiped tank can also be selected.

X形编织层4的结构示意图如图3所示,其中亲水疏油性纤维与水平线的夹角可为25度至60度;相邻两根亲油疏水性纤维的间距a是相邻两根亲水疏油性纤维的间距b的1~3倍;图1是流体在X形编织层4上的破乳分离原理示意图,图4是水滴在X形编织层4上的分离示意图。The schematic diagram of the structure of the X-shaped braided layer 4 is shown in Figure 3, wherein the angle between the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers and the horizontal line can be 25 to 60 degrees; the distance a between two adjacent oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers is The spacing b of hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers is 1 to 3 times; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of demulsification and separation of fluid on the X-shaped braided layer 4 , and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the separation of water droplets on the X-shaped braided layer 4 .

图2是Ω形编织层的深度除水示意图,图5是亲水疏油纤维和亲油疏水纤维形成Ω形编织层的编织过程示意图,其中亲水疏油纤维与亲油疏水纤维的数量比例为3:2~7:1。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of depth water removal of Ω-shaped braided layer, and Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of weaving process of hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers to form Ω-shaped braided layer, wherein the ratio of hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers to lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers is 3:2~7:1.

使用上述装置对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油,其具体运作过程及效果描述如下:Use the above-mentioned device to carry out deep degreasing of wastewater containing low-concentration dirty oil. The specific operation process and effect are described as follows:

操作条件:Operating conditions:

项目project 柴油加氢柴油Diesel Hydrogenated Diesel 加氢改质重柴油Hydrogenated heavy diesel oil 介质medium 柴油(微量水)Diesel (trace water) 柴油(微量水)Diesel (trace water) 流量,t/hFlow, t/h 4040 5050 入口压力,MPaInlet pressure, MPa 1.31.3 0.50.5 操作温度,℃Operating temperature, °C 5050 5050 密度,kg/m3Density, kg/m3 810810 855855 入口游离水,ppmInlet free water, ppm 600600 500500 出口游离水要求,ppmExport free water requirement, ppm 8080 8080 残余,v%residual, v% 4.24.2 1.71.7 胶质,mg/100mlColloid, mg/100ml 100100 // 粘度,mm2/sViscosity, mm2/s 3.6353.635 6.1286.128

要求指标:除油后污水中油含量不大于80mg/L。Requirement index: The oil content in the sewage after degreasing is not more than 80mg/L.

方案选择:本方案中柴油含水量较低,且初期经过了沉降分离,因此水滴大多以微小颗粒形态分散于柴油中,因出口要求油含量需稳定不大于80mg/L,因此采用流体整流器、X形纤维编织层分离、波纹强化分离、Ω形纤维编织层深度分离的组合方法进行处理。Scheme selection: In this scheme, the water content of diesel oil is relatively low, and it has undergone sedimentation and separation at the initial stage. Therefore, most of the water droplets are dispersed in the diesel oil in the form of tiny particles. Because the export requires that the oil content should be stable and not greater than 80mg/L, fluid rectifiers, X The combined method of separation of fiber braided layer, corrugated reinforcement separation, and deep separation of Ω-shaped fiber braided layer is processed.

(1)柴油加氢装置柴油:考虑柴油密度较小,且加氢装置柴油中乳化水占少量部分,因此X形纤维编织层采用一段式,X形纤维编织层的纤维间距比为a:b=2.5,(如图3所示,相邻两根亲油疏水性纤维的间距是a,相邻两根亲水疏油性纤维的间距是b;是亲水疏油性纤维与水平线的夹角),该角度适用于小水滴的高效、快速补集聚结及快速导流分离,对乳化水滴有着一部分破乳作用;波纹强化分离段波纹板采用316L材质,波纹板间距为15mm。考虑出口要求柴油中水含量较低,因此Ω形纤维编织层亲水疏油纤维与亲油疏水纤维的数量比例为2.5:1,适用于未破乳分离的水滴的破乳分离及油品中微量的水滴的补集分离。(1) Diesel oil in diesel hydrogenation unit: Considering the low density of diesel oil and the small amount of emulsified water in diesel oil in hydrogenation unit, the X-shaped fiber braided layer adopts a one-stage type, and the fiber spacing ratio of the X-shaped fiber braided layer is a:b = 2.5, (As shown in Figure 3, the spacing between two adjacent lipophilic and hydrophobic fibers is a, and the spacing between two adjacent hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers is b; is the angle between the hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers and the horizontal line), this angle is suitable for the efficient and rapid replenishment and coalescence of small water droplets and rapid diversion separation, and has a partial demulsification effect on emulsified water droplets; the corrugated plate in the corrugated strengthening separation section is made of 316L material , The corrugated plate spacing is 15mm. Considering the low water content in diesel oil required for export, the ratio of hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers to oleophilic and hydrophobic fibers in the Ω-shaped fiber braid layer is 2.5:1, which is suitable for demulsification and separation of water droplets that have not been demulsified and separated and in oil products. Complementary separation of tiny water droplets.

(2)加氢改质重柴油:考虑柴油密度较大,因此X形纤维编织层采用两段式,第一段X形纤维编织层的纤维间距比为a:b=2,(a、b、的定义如上),该角度适用于小水滴的高效、快速补集聚结及部分乳化水滴的破乳,另外能兼顾柴油与水密度差较小,较小角度有利于水滴的导流分离;第二段X形纤维编织层的纤维间距比为a:b=1.5,°(a、b、的定义如上),适用于第一段聚结后的小水滴的快速导流下沉分离。波纹强化分离段波纹板采用316L材质,波纹板的间距为18mm。考虑出口要求柴油中水含量较低,因此Ω形纤维编织层中亲水疏油纤维与亲油疏水的数量比例为2:1,适用于油品中微量的水滴的补集分离。(2) Hydrogenation and modification of heavy diesel oil: Considering the high density of diesel oil, the X-shaped fiber braided layer adopts a two-stage type, and the fiber spacing ratio of the first X-shaped fiber braided layer is a:b=2, (a, b, The definition is as above), this angle is suitable for the efficient and rapid replenishment and coalescence of small water droplets and the demulsification of partially emulsified water droplets. In addition, it can take into account the small density difference between diesel oil and water, and the small angle is conducive to the diversion and separation of water droplets; the second The fiber spacing ratio of section X-shaped fiber braided layer is a:b=1.5, °(a, b, The definition of is as above), suitable for the rapid diversion and sinking separation of small water droplets after the coalescence of the first stage. The corrugated plate of the corrugated strengthening separation section is made of 316L material, and the distance between the corrugated plates is 18mm. Considering the low water content in diesel oil required for export, the ratio of hydrophilic-oleophobic fibers to lipophilic-hydrophobic fibers in the Ω-shaped fiber braid layer is 2:1, which is suitable for the complementary collection and separation of trace water droplets in oil products.

结果分析:柴油加氢装置柴油脱水后,净化油品中水含量为30~50mg/L;加氢改质重柴油脱水后,净化油品中水含量为45~65mg/L,稳定小于80mg/L的分离要求,进出口压力降为0.01MPa,能耗较低,满足设计运行条件。Result analysis: After diesel dehydration in the diesel hydrogenation unit, the water content in the purified oil is 30-50 mg/L; after the dehydration of hydrogenated heavy diesel oil, the water content in the purified oil is 45-65 mg/L, which is stably less than 80 mg/L The separation requirements of L, the inlet and outlet pressure drop is 0.01MPa, the energy consumption is low, and the design operation conditions are met.

综上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用来限制本发明的实施范围。及凡依本发明申请专利范围的内容所做的等效变化与修饰,都应为本发明的技术范畴。In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation scope of the present invention. And all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the patent scope of the present invention should be within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a method for oil product deep dehydration, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) first, carry out rectification containing the oil product of minor amount of water by fluid rectifier, make fluid realize and being uniformly distributed at the mobile radial section of fluid; In described oil product, the concentration of minor amount of water is not more than 1000mg/L, and the drop particle diameter of described minor amount of water is 0.1~30 μ m, and service temperature is 5~99 DEG C;
(2) the minor amount of water oil product that contains after rectification evenly enters the X-shaped braid of hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber weaving, in described X-shaped braid, carry out the catching of micro-water droplet, coalescent growing up and breakdown of emulsion, the separation of micro-water in oil form emulsion, after this end of processing, drop particle diameter is grown up to 10~50 μ m;
(3) oil product after step (2) coarse separation enters ripple strengthening separating layer and carries out growing up fast of water droplet and separate, and after this process, moisture of oil is reduced in 200mg/L;
(4) oil product after step (3) separates advances into the Ω shape braid of hydrophilic oleophobic fiber and oleophilic drainage fiber in outlet, in described Ω shape braid to oil product in unsegregated dispersion water droplet carry out degree of depth supplementary set with emulsification water droplet and separate, after this process, in oil product, water content is reduced in 20mg/L.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described fluid rectifier is the uniform perforate slab of a porous, and described hole is circular hole or square opening, and percentage of open area is more than or equal to 60%.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described X-shaped braid of step (2), hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and horizontal angle are 25 degree to 60 degree, and described X-shaped fiber braiding layer is 1 or is lumpily full of the mobile cross section of whole fluid.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described X-shaped braid, the spacing a of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers is 1~3 times of spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic oleophobic property fibers.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, what the strengthening of ripple described in step (3) separating layer adopted is hydrophilic material, and wherein the spacing of waved plate is 5~25mm, trough place has the circular hole of diameter 5~10mm, and the spacing between described circular hole is 50~300mm.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described Ω shape braid of step (4), the quantitative proportion of hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is 3:2~7:1, the area of described Ω shape braid be fluid cross-sectional flow area 30~80% and be positioned at the mobile cross section, top of fluid; Described Ω shape braid is that after in advance hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber being arranged as to Ω shape separately, weaving forms.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in whole process, the pressure-losses of oil dehydrating is 0.005~0.05MPa.
8. realize the device of the arbitrary described method of claim 1~7 for one kind, it is characterized in that, described device comprises housing, oil product entrance, fluid rectifier, fiber coarse separation layer, ripple strengthening separating layer, the coalescent supplementary set layer of fiber, water bag and purifies oil phase outlet;
Wherein, described oil product entrance is in one end, top of described housing, and described purification oil phase exports at the top of the described housing the other end; Described water wraps in the bottom of described housing, and this water bag exports relative or is slightly oppositely arranged to deviation with described purification oil phase, and described water bag has liquid level meter, and the bottom of described water bag is provided with water outlet; Fluid rectifier, fiber coarse separation layer, ripple strengthening separating layer, the coalescent supplementary set layer of fiber are positioned at the inside of described housing and conjointly do not arrange mutually successively, wherein, described fluid rectifier is near described oil product entrance, the area of the coalescent supplementary set layer of described fiber be fluid cross-sectional flow area 30~80% and in the mobile cross section, top of fluid.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described housing is horizontal circular tank, or horizontal rectangular parallelepiped tank.
10. device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described fiber coarse separation layer is that oleophilic drainage fiber and hydrophilic oleophobic fiber weave the X-shaped braid forming, and wherein hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and horizontal angle are 25 degree to 60 degree; And the spacing a of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers is 1~3 times of spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic oleophobic property fibers;
The coalescent supplementary set layer of described fiber is that hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber weave the Ω shape braid forming, and wherein the quantitative proportion of hydrophilic oleophobic property fiber and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is 3:2~7:1.
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