CN103977508B - Smart ultrasonic physical therapy instrument - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种智能超声理疗仪,由电源模块、主控模块、DDS模块、功放模块、频率跟踪模块、人机交互模块、治疗头模块和温度控制模块组成。所述的智能超声理疗仪还具有专家疗方功能,具有结构简单、频率自动跟踪、稳定度高、多频、输出功率高、易操作等优点,可广泛用于对器质性心血管病患者、运动创伤类患者的体外物理治疗。
The invention discloses an intelligent ultrasonic physiotherapy instrument, which is composed of a power supply module, a main control module, a DDS module, a power amplifier module, a frequency tracking module, a human-computer interaction module, a treatment head module and a temperature control module. The intelligent ultrasonic physiotherapy instrument also has the function of expert treatment, has the advantages of simple structure, automatic frequency tracking, high stability, multi-frequency, high output power, easy operation, etc., and can be widely used in treating patients with organic cardiovascular diseases , Extracorporeal physical therapy for patients with sports injuries.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种智能超声理疗仪,具体涉及一种用于器质性心血管病患者、运动创伤性患者体外物理治疗的高科技超声理疗仪。The invention relates to an intelligent ultrasonic physiotherapy instrument, in particular to a high-tech ultrasonic physiotherapy instrument for in vitro physical therapy of patients with organic cardiovascular disease and sports trauma.
背景技术Background technique
超声波作用于人体组织会产生一定的生物效应,如机械效应、温热效应、空化效应等,利用这些效应可以达到某种治疗目的,也就是所谓的超声理疗。The action of ultrasonic waves on human tissues will produce certain biological effects, such as mechanical effects, thermal effects, cavitation effects, etc., which can be used to achieve certain therapeutic purposes, which is the so-called ultrasonic physiotherapy.
超声波在生物组织中的衰减值随频率近乎线性增加, 即频率越大, 衰减系数越大, 衰减越快,不同的超声频率将会导致超声信号进入人体深度有所不同;另一方面,过量的超声波辐射会对人体造成伤害,针对不同的治疗部位应考虑采用不同剂量的超声信号。The attenuation value of ultrasound in biological tissue increases almost linearly with frequency, that is, the higher the frequency, the larger the attenuation coefficient and the faster the attenuation. Different ultrasound frequencies will cause the ultrasound signal to enter the human body at different depths; on the other hand, excessive Ultrasonic radiation can cause harm to the human body, and different doses of ultrasonic signals should be considered for different treatment sites.
目前国内市场上较为流行的超声治疗仪大多数结构相似,存在自动化程度低,操作繁杂,可调节声功率范围窄,自动保护功能弱等共同缺陷。At present, most of the more popular ultrasonic therapeutic instruments in the domestic market are similar in structure, and have common defects such as low degree of automation, complicated operation, narrow adjustable sound power range, and weak automatic protection function.
超声理疗仪目前多采用单频、固定频率的技术方案,这种频率是固定的, 不可变的。单一频率其治疗部位有限,患者需要多个部位治疗时,就需要另外的设备来完成。在治疗过程中,由于温度、环境等不同,导致超声治疗头的谐振频率发生改变,由于目前的超声理疗设备不具备频率自动跟踪功能,就会出现频率失调,从而会导致阻抗失配,降低效率,严重的不能正常工作。At present, ultrasonic physiotherapy instruments mostly adopt the technical scheme of single frequency and fixed frequency, and this frequency is fixed and unchangeable. The treatment area of a single frequency is limited, and when a patient needs to treat multiple areas, additional equipment is required to complete it. During the treatment process, due to differences in temperature and environment, the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic therapy head changes. Since the current ultrasonic physiotherapy equipment does not have the function of automatic frequency tracking, frequency imbalance will occur, which will cause impedance mismatch and reduce efficiency. , Seriously not working properly.
现有的超声理疗仪大多操作繁杂,没有专家疗方功能,治疗频率多为单一且固定的1MHz或3MHz,输出声功率在2W/cm2以内,单一治疗头,治疗头有效面积比较小。偶见双频双治疗头的理疗仪,其1MHz和3MHz治疗头的有效治疗面积相差较大,输出声功率较小,不具备自动频率跟踪功能。Most of the existing ultrasonic physiotherapy instruments are complicated to operate and do not have the function of expert treatment. The treatment frequency is mostly single and fixed at 1MHz or 3MHz, the output sound power is within 2W/cm2, and the effective area of the treatment head is relatively small with a single treatment head. Occasionally, a physiotherapy instrument with dual frequency and dual treatment heads has a large difference in the effective treatment area of the 1MHz and 3MHz treatment heads, the output sound power is small, and it does not have the automatic frequency tracking function.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为克服现有技术中的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种智能双频或多频率的超声理疗仪,该智能超声理疗仪可以有效避免现有技术中的缺点。In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent dual-frequency or multi-frequency ultrasonic physiotherapy apparatus, which can effectively avoid the shortcomings in the prior art.
为了解决上述技术问题,实现上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种智能超声理疗仪,包括供电模块、人机交互模块、主控模块、DDS模块、功放模块、治疗头模块、频率跟踪模块和温度控制模块;An intelligent ultrasonic physiotherapy instrument, including a power supply module, a human-computer interaction module, a main control module, a DDS module, a power amplifier module, a treatment head module, a frequency tracking module and a temperature control module;
所述供电模块包括一220V交流转直流15V电源模块,所述220V交流转直流15V电源模块分别连接有一电平转换模块和推挽功放电路;220V交流转直流15V电源模块将交流220V转换成直流15V用于给推挽功放电路提供电源;电平转换模块,将直流15V电压转换为主控模块和人机交互模块所需的各种电压。在另一实施方式中,供电模块可包括可充电的聚合物电池。The power supply module includes a 220V AC to DC 15V power module, and the 220V AC to DC 15V power module is respectively connected to a level conversion module and a push-pull power amplifier circuit; the 220V AC to DC 15V power module converts AC 220V to DC 15V It is used to provide power for the push-pull power amplifier circuit; the level conversion module converts the DC 15V voltage into various voltages required by the main control module and the human-computer interaction module. In another embodiment, the power module may include a rechargeable polymer battery.
所述人机交互模块包括触摸屏和状态显示灯;通过触摸屏可以设定各种治疗参数,同时还可以调用专家疗方功能,操作方便、直观、简洁;状态指示灯用于实时显示理疗仪的运行状态。The human-computer interaction module includes a touch screen and a status display light; through the touch screen, various treatment parameters can be set, and at the same time, the function of expert treatment can be called, which is convenient, intuitive and concise to operate; the status indicator light is used to display the operation of the physiotherapy instrument in real time state.
所述主控模块包括一微处理器,所述微处理器连接有一DDS电路、占空比调节电路、数字电位计、频率切换与匹配电路、相位差检测电路、温度采样电路和过温保护电路;微处理器主要根据用户设定的治疗参数,在设备的总体技术指标范围内,控制超声治疗头模块输出满足要求的超声波信号,并使其稳定、可靠地工作;The main control module includes a microprocessor, and the microprocessor is connected with a DDS circuit, a duty ratio adjustment circuit, a digital potentiometer, a frequency switching and matching circuit, a phase difference detection circuit, a temperature sampling circuit and an over-temperature protection circuit ;The microprocessor mainly controls the ultrasonic treatment head module to output ultrasonic signals that meet the requirements within the overall technical index range of the equipment according to the treatment parameters set by the user, and makes it work stably and reliably;
所述DDS模块包括一DDS发生电路,所述DDS发生电路的输出端连接一低通滤波电路,所述低通滤波电路的输出端连接一占空比调节电路,所述占空比调节电路与微处理器相连;DDS发生电路用于产生原始的超声激励信号,采用直接数字频率合成器实现,具有频率调整方便、分辨率高、频率转换时间短、输出相位连续、全数字化和控制方便等优点;低通滤波电路用于滤除DDS发生电路输出的谐波干扰,谐波干扰主要来自参考时钟,选择7阶巴特沃兹低通滤波器,巴特沃兹滤波器在通频带内具有最平坦的幅频特性,且衰减速率比较快;占空比调节电路用于控制输出超声波信号的占空比,微控制器通过控制占空比调节电路调节超声激励信号的占空比,从而实现对输出超声信号占空比的控制。The DDS module includes a DDS generation circuit, the output end of the DDS generation circuit is connected to a low-pass filter circuit, the output end of the low-pass filter circuit is connected to a duty ratio adjustment circuit, and the duty ratio adjustment circuit is connected to the The microprocessor is connected; the DDS generating circuit is used to generate the original ultrasonic excitation signal, which is realized by a direct digital frequency synthesizer, and has the advantages of convenient frequency adjustment, high resolution, short frequency conversion time, continuous output phase, full digitalization and convenient control, etc. ; The low-pass filter circuit is used to filter out the harmonic interference output by the DDS generating circuit. The harmonic interference mainly comes from the reference clock. Choose the 7th-order Butterworth low-pass filter. The Butterworth filter has the flattest frequency in the passband. Amplitude-frequency characteristics, and the decay rate is relatively fast; the duty cycle adjustment circuit is used to control the duty cycle of the output ultrasonic signal, and the microcontroller adjusts the duty cycle of the ultrasonic excitation signal by controlling the duty cycle adjustment circuit, so as to realize the output of the ultrasonic signal. Signal duty cycle control.
所述的功放模块包括一级放大电路,所述一级放大电路的同相输入端连接占空比调节电路的输出端,实现对占空比调制后的激励信号进行初步放大;所述一级放大电路的反相输入端连接一数字电位计,通过调整接入反相端电阻的大小,控制输出信号的大小,经过后续放大以最终实现对治疗强度的控制,所述的数字电位计与微处理器相连,所述一级放大电路的输出端连接二级放大电路,所述二级放大电路输出端连接一推挽功放电路;DDS发生电路产生的激励信号很微弱,需要经过功率放大才能驱动超声换能器;一级放大电路实现对激励信号的初步放大,二级放大电路对一级放大电路输出进行进一步放大,输出几W功率,最终再通过推挽功放电路进行放大,输出功率驱动信号,推动换能器工作;微控制器通过控制一级功放的放大倍数(反相端接入电阻大小),来实现对输出功率的调整。The power amplifier module includes a first-stage amplifying circuit, the non-inverting input terminal of the first-stage amplifying circuit is connected to the output end of the duty ratio adjustment circuit, so as to realize preliminary amplification of the excitation signal after the duty ratio modulation; the first-stage amplifying circuit The inverting input end of the circuit is connected to a digital potentiometer, and the output signal is controlled by adjusting the size of the resistance connected to the inverting end. After subsequent amplification, the control of the treatment intensity is finally realized. The digital potentiometer and the micro-processing The output end of the first-stage amplifier circuit is connected to the second-stage amplifier circuit, and the output end of the second-stage amplifier circuit is connected to a push-pull power amplifier circuit; the excitation signal generated by the DDS generating circuit is very weak, and it needs power amplification to drive the ultrasonic wave. Transducer; the first-level amplifier circuit realizes the initial amplification of the excitation signal, and the second-level amplifier circuit further amplifies the output of the first-level amplifier circuit to output a few W power, and finally amplifies through the push-pull power amplifier circuit to output the power drive signal. Push the transducer to work; the microcontroller adjusts the output power by controlling the magnification of the first-stage power amplifier (the size of the resistance connected to the inverting terminal).
所述治疗头为一个或多个,优选为2-8个,且具有吸附部件,用于将治疗头吸附在治疗部位。吸附部件为近似锥形的吸附罩,吸附区域可以为圆形或椭圆形。通过负压作用使超声治疗头与治疗部位密切接触,并且可通过调节吸附力的大小来调控治疗头与人体的作用压力。The treatment head is one or more, preferably 2-8, and has an adsorption component, which is used to absorb the treatment head on the treatment site. The adsorption part is an approximately conical adsorption cover, and the adsorption area can be circular or oval. The ultrasonic treatment head is in close contact with the treatment site through negative pressure, and the pressure acting on the treatment head and the human body can be regulated by adjusting the size of the adsorption force.
所述治疗头模块包括一频率切换与匹配电路,所述频率切换与匹配电路的输入端连接推挽功放电路的输出端;所述频率切换与匹配电路的输入端还连接微处理器;所述频率切换与匹配电路的输出端连接一换能器;频率切换与匹配电路的作用有两个:一是用于实现多个中心频率的切换,如1MHz、2MHz、 3MHz;二是阻抗匹配,使换能器工作在串联谐振纯阻态,提高设备的效率;换能器用于将电能(超声驱动信号)转换成机械能(超声波)输出。The treatment head module includes a frequency switching and matching circuit, the input end of the frequency switching and matching circuit is connected to the output end of the push-pull power amplifier circuit; the input end of the frequency switching and matching circuit is also connected to the microprocessor; the The output end of the frequency switching and matching circuit is connected to a transducer; the frequency switching and matching circuit has two functions: one is used to switch between multiple center frequencies, such as 1MHz, 2MHz, and 3MHz; the other is impedance matching, so that The transducer works in a series resonance pure resistance state to improve the efficiency of the equipment; the transducer is used to convert electrical energy (ultrasonic drive signal) into mechanical energy (ultrasonic) for output.
所述治疗头上可以设置有回波传感器,用以监测超声的传输聚焦深度,便于用户进行调试,进而选择适当的治疗频率。The treatment head can be provided with an echo sensor to monitor the transmission focus depth of the ultrasound, which is convenient for the user to debug and select an appropriate treatment frequency.
所述频率跟踪模块包括一电流电压采样电路,所述电流电压采样电路的输入端连接换能器;所述电流电压采样电路的输出端连接一相位差检测电路,所述相位差检测电路的输出端连接微控制器;电流电压采样电路用于获取换能器中电压和电流的相位大小;相位差检测电路用于判断电压电流信号的相位差,微控制器根据相位差的大小,调整频率,从而实现频率的自动跟踪。The frequency tracking module includes a current and voltage sampling circuit, the input of the current and voltage sampling circuit is connected to the transducer; the output of the current and voltage sampling circuit is connected to a phase difference detection circuit, and the output of the phase difference detection circuit The terminal is connected to a microcontroller; the current and voltage sampling circuit is used to obtain the phase size of the voltage and current in the transducer; the phase difference detection circuit is used to judge the phase difference of the voltage and current signals, and the microcontroller adjusts the frequency according to the size of the phase difference. In order to realize the automatic tracking of the frequency.
所述温度控制模块包括一温度采样电路,所述温度采样电路连接过温保护电路和微控制器;温度采样电路采用热敏电阻,安装在超声治疗头模块内,靠近换能器,微处理器采集温度后,判断是否超过设定的安全阈值,如果超温,控制过温保护电路切断输出,确保使用者安全。Described temperature control module comprises a temperature sampling circuit, and described temperature sampling circuit is connected with over-temperature protection circuit and microcontroller; After collecting the temperature, it is judged whether it exceeds the set safety threshold. If it exceeds the temperature, the over-temperature protection circuit is controlled to cut off the output to ensure the safety of users.
所述的电平转换模块连接所述的微处理器,所述的220V交流转直流15V电源模块连接推挽功放电路。The level conversion module is connected to the microprocessor, and the 220V AC to DC 15V power supply module is connected to a push-pull power amplifier circuit.
所述触摸屏和状态指示灯分别连接在所述的微控制器上。The touch screen and status indicator lights are respectively connected to the microcontroller.
专家控制模块包括预先设置的专家疗方,可通过人机交互模块进行调用,专家疗方针对不同的疾病预设置不同的频率或频率组合、功率大小、治疗时间参数。The expert control module includes pre-set expert treatment prescriptions, which can be called through the human-computer interaction module. The expert treatment prescriptions preset different frequency or frequency combinations, power levels, and treatment time parameters for different diseases.
所述的专家疗方可对每个超声发射头的输出频率和功率进行不同的设置,以使得围绕中心治疗部位作用的深度、截面、截面大小最优化。The expert therapist can set the output frequency and power of each ultrasonic emitting head differently, so as to optimize the depth, cross-section, and cross-sectional size around the central treatment site.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)输出超声波可具有多个中心频率,且在0.5-3.5MHz范围内连续可调,可输出连续波和脉冲波,脉冲波形占空比10-100%可调,多个治疗头输出,使用方便;(1) The output ultrasound can have multiple center frequencies, and it can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0.5-3.5MHz. It can output continuous wave and pulse wave. The duty cycle of pulse waveform is adjustable from 10-100%. Multiple treatment heads output, Easy to use;
能够产生多个中心频率的超声激励信号,且在0-3.5MHz范围内连续可调,可以输出连续波形和脉冲波形,脉冲波形占空比10-100%可调,治疗时间0-30分钟可调;It can generate ultrasonic excitation signals with multiple center frequencies, and it can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0-3.5MHz. It can output continuous waveforms and pulse waveforms. The pulse waveform duty cycle is adjustable from 10-100%, and the treatment time is adjustable from 0-30 minutes. tone;
(2)超声治疗头有效辐射面积为3-9 cm2,优选为5cm2,有效输出声强≤3W/cm2;输出声功率高,用户可选择范围大;超声治疗头具有多个,可进行多个部位同时治疗;(2) The effective radiation area of the ultrasonic treatment head is 3-9 cm2, preferably 5 cm2, and the effective output sound intensity is ≤3W/cm2; the output sound power is high, and the user can choose from a large range; there are multiple ultrasonic treatment heads, and multiple treatment at the same time;
(3)具有频率自动跟踪功能,使换能器始终工作在谐振点附近,提高设备效率和使用者舒适度;(3) It has the function of automatic frequency tracking, so that the transducer always works near the resonance point, improving equipment efficiency and user comfort;
(4) 在线温度监测, 过温保护功能;根据使用对象的不同,可以对温度安全阈值进行微调,提高治疗效果;(4) On-line temperature monitoring, over-temperature protection function; according to different users, the temperature safety threshold can be fine-tuned to improve the therapeutic effect;
(5)具有专家疗方功能,采用触摸屏进行人机交互,简单、方便、直观。(5) It has the function of expert treatment and adopts touch screen for human-computer interaction, which is simple, convenient and intuitive.
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。本发明的具体实施方式由以下实施例及其附图详细给出。The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly and implement them according to the contents of the description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention and accompanying drawings are described in detail below. The specific embodiment of the present invention is given in detail by the following examples and accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1为本发明的总体框架图。Fig. 1 is the overall frame diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的DDS模块的电路原理图。FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the DDS module of the present invention.
图3为本发明的功放模块的电路原理图。Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power amplifier module of the present invention.
图4为本发明的治疗头模块的电路原理图。Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the treatment head module of the present invention.
图5为本发明的频率跟踪模块的电路原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the frequency tracking module of the present invention.
图6为本发明的频率跟踪模块的电路原理图。Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the frequency tracking module of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术实施过程做进一步说明。The technical implementation process of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1:Example 1:
参见图1所示,一种智能双频超声理疗仪,包括供电模块1、人机交互模块2、主控模块3、DDS模块4、功放模块5、治疗头模块6、频率跟踪模块7和温度控制模块8;As shown in Figure 1, an intelligent dual-frequency ultrasonic physiotherapy instrument includes a power supply module 1, a human-computer interaction module 2, a main control module 3, a DDS module 4, a power amplifier module 5, a treatment head module 6, a frequency tracking module 7 and a temperature control module 8;
所述供电模块1包括一220V交流转直流15V电源模块101,所述220V交流转直流15V电源模块101连接有一电平转换模块102;220V交流转直流15V电源模块101将交流220V转换成直流15V用于给推挽功放电路503提供电源;电平转换模块102,将直流15V电压转换为主控模块3和人机交互模块2所需的各种电压。The power supply module 1 includes a 220V AC to DC 15V power supply module 101, and the 220V AC to DC 15V power supply module 101 is connected with a level conversion module 102; the 220V AC to DC 15V power supply module 101 converts AC 220V to DC 15V To provide power to the push-pull power amplifier circuit 503; the level conversion module 102 converts the DC 15V voltage into various voltages required by the main control module 3 and the human-computer interaction module 2.
所述人机交互模块2包括触摸屏201和状态显示灯202;通过触摸屏201可以设定各种治疗参数,例如 治疗时间、治疗频率、治疗强度和占空比等;同时还可以调用专家疗方功能,操作方便、直观、简洁;状态指示灯202用于实时显示理疗仪的运行状态。The human-computer interaction module 2 includes a touch screen 201 and a status display light 202; through the touch screen 201, various treatment parameters can be set, such as treatment time, treatment frequency, treatment intensity and duty cycle; at the same time, the function of expert treatment can also be called , easy to operate, intuitive and concise; the status indicator light 202 is used to display the operating status of the physical therapy device in real time.
所述主控模块3包括一微处理器301,所述微处理器301连接有一DDS电路401、占空比调节电路403、数字电位计504、频率切换与匹配电路601、相位差检测电路702、温度采样电路801和过温保护电路802;微处理器主要根据用户设定的治疗参数,在设备的总体技术指标范围内,控制超声治疗头模块输出满足要求的超声波信号,并使其稳定、可靠地工作;The main control module 3 includes a microprocessor 301, and the microprocessor 301 is connected with a DDS circuit 401, a duty ratio adjustment circuit 403, a digital potentiometer 504, a frequency switching and matching circuit 601, a phase difference detection circuit 702, Temperature sampling circuit 801 and over-temperature protection circuit 802; the microprocessor mainly controls the ultrasonic treatment head module to output ultrasonic signals that meet the requirements according to the treatment parameters set by the user and within the range of the overall technical indicators of the equipment, and makes it stable and reliable to work;
所述DDS模块4包括一DDS发生电路401,所述DDS发生电路401的输出端连接一低通滤波电路402,所述低通滤波电路402的输出端连接一占空比调节电路403,所述占空比调节电路与微处理器301相连;DDS发生电路401用于产生原始的超声激励信号,采用直接数字频率合成器实现,具有频率调整方便、分辨率高、频率转换时间短、输出相位连续、全数字化和控制方便等优点;低通滤波电路402用于滤除DDS发生电路输出的谐波干扰,谐波干扰主要来自参考时钟,选择7阶巴特沃兹低通滤波器,巴特沃兹滤波器在通频带内具有最平坦的幅频特性,且衰减速率比较快;占空比调节电路403用于控制输出超声波信号的占空比,微控制器301通过控制占空比调节电路403调节超声激励信号的占空比,从而实现对输出超声信号占空比的控制。The DDS module 4 includes a DDS generation circuit 401, the output end of the DDS generation circuit 401 is connected to a low-pass filter circuit 402, and the output end of the low-pass filter circuit 402 is connected to a duty ratio adjustment circuit 403, the The duty ratio adjustment circuit is connected to the microprocessor 301; the DDS generation circuit 401 is used to generate the original ultrasonic excitation signal, which is realized by a direct digital frequency synthesizer, and has the advantages of convenient frequency adjustment, high resolution, short frequency conversion time, and continuous output phase , full digitalization and convenient control; the low-pass filter circuit 402 is used to filter out the harmonic interference output by the DDS generating circuit. The device has the flatst amplitude-frequency characteristics in the passband, and the decay rate is relatively fast; the duty ratio adjustment circuit 403 is used to control the duty ratio of the output ultrasonic signal, and the microcontroller 301 adjusts the ultrasonic wave by controlling the duty ratio adjustment circuit 403 The duty cycle of the excitation signal, so as to realize the control of the duty cycle of the output ultrasonic signal.
所述的功放模块5包括一级放大电路501,所述一级放大电路的同相输入端连接占空比调节电路403的输出端,实现对占空比调制后的激励信号进行初步放大;所述一级放大电路的反相输入端连接一数字电位计504,通过调整接入反相端电阻的大小,控制输出信号的大小,经过后续放大以最终实现对治疗强度的控制,所述的数字电位计504与微处理器相连301,所述一级放大电路的输出端连接二级放大电路502,所述二级放大电路502输出端连接一推挽功放电路503;DDS发生电路401产生的激励信号很微弱,需要经过功率放大才能驱动超声换能器;一级放大电路501实现对激励信号的初步放大,二级放大电路502对一级放大电路输出进行进一步放大,输出几W功率,最终再通过推挽功放电路503进行放大,输出功率驱动信号,推动换能器工作;微控制器301通过控制一级功放的放大倍数(反相端接入电阻大小),来实现对输出功率的调整。The power amplifier module 5 includes a primary amplifier circuit 501, the non-inverting input terminal of the primary amplifier circuit is connected to the output terminal of the duty cycle adjustment circuit 403, and the excitation signal after the duty cycle modulation is realized to be initially amplified; The inverting input terminal of the primary amplifying circuit is connected to a digital potentiometer 504. By adjusting the size of the resistance connected to the inverting terminal, the output signal is controlled. After subsequent amplification, the control of the treatment intensity is finally realized. The digital potentiometer Meter 504 is connected with microprocessor 301, and the output end of described primary amplifying circuit is connected secondary amplifying circuit 502, and the output end of described secondary amplifying circuit 502 is connected a push-pull power amplifier circuit 503; The excitation signal that DDS generating circuit 401 produces It is very weak, and needs to be amplified to drive the ultrasonic transducer; the primary amplifier circuit 501 realizes the initial amplification of the excitation signal, and the secondary amplifier circuit 502 further amplifies the output of the primary amplifier circuit to output a few W power, and finally passes the The push-pull power amplifier circuit 503 amplifies and outputs power driving signals to drive the transducer to work; the microcontroller 301 adjusts the output power by controlling the magnification of the first-stage power amplifier (the resistance connected to the inverting terminal).
所述治疗头模块6包括一频率切换与匹配电路601,所述频率切换与匹配电路601的输入端连接推挽功放电路503的输出端;所述频率切换与匹配电路的输入端还连接微处理器301;所述频率切换与匹配电路601的输出端连接一换能器602;频率切换与匹配电路601的作用有两个:一是用于实现多个中心频率的切换;二是阻抗匹配,使换能器602工作在串联谐振纯阻态,提高设备的效率;换能器602用于将电能(超声驱动信号)转换成机械能(超声波)输出。The treatment head module 6 includes a frequency switching and matching circuit 601, the input of the frequency switching and matching circuit 601 is connected to the output of the push-pull power amplifier circuit 503; the input of the frequency switching and matching circuit is also connected to the microprocessor device 301; the output end of the frequency switching and matching circuit 601 is connected to a transducer 602; the frequency switching and matching circuit 601 has two functions: one is used to realize switching of multiple center frequencies; the other is impedance matching, Make the transducer 602 work in a series resonance pure resistance state to improve the efficiency of the device; the transducer 602 is used to convert electrical energy (ultrasonic drive signal) into mechanical energy (ultrasonic) for output.
所述频率跟踪模块7包括一电流电压采样电路701,所述电流电压采样电路701的输入端连接换能器602;所述电流电压采样电路701的输出端连接一相位差检测电路702,所述相位差检测电路702的输出端连接微控制器301;电流电压采样电路701用于获取换能器中电压和电流的相位大小;相位差检测电路702用于判断电压电流信号的相位差,微控制器301根据相位差的大小,调整频率,从而实现频率的自动跟踪。The frequency tracking module 7 includes a current and voltage sampling circuit 701, the input of the current and voltage sampling circuit 701 is connected to the transducer 602; the output of the current and voltage sampling circuit 701 is connected to a phase difference detection circuit 702, the The output terminal of the phase difference detection circuit 702 is connected to the microcontroller 301; the current and voltage sampling circuit 701 is used to obtain the phase size of the voltage and current in the transducer; the phase difference detection circuit 702 is used to judge the phase difference of the voltage and current signals, and the microcontroller The controller 301 adjusts the frequency according to the magnitude of the phase difference, thereby realizing automatic tracking of the frequency.
所述温度控制模块8包括一温度采样电路801,所述温度采样电路801连接过温保护电路802和微控制器301;温度采样电路801采用热敏电阻,安装在超声治疗头模块内,靠近换能器,微处理器采集温度后,判断是否超过设定的安全阈值,如果超温,控制过温保护电路802切断输出,确保使用者安全。Described temperature control module 8 comprises a temperature sampling circuit 801, and described temperature sampling circuit 801 is connected over-temperature protection circuit 802 and microcontroller 301; After the microprocessor collects the temperature, it judges whether it exceeds the set safety threshold. If it exceeds the temperature, it controls the over-temperature protection circuit 802 to cut off the output to ensure the safety of users.
所述的电平转换模块102连接所述的微处理器301,所述的220V交流转直流15V电源模块101连接推挽功放电路503。The level conversion module 102 is connected to the microprocessor 301 , and the 220V AC to DC 15V power supply module 101 is connected to a push-pull power amplifier circuit 503 .
所述触摸屏201和状态指示灯202分别连接在所述的微控制器301上。The touch screen 201 and the status indicator light 202 are respectively connected to the microcontroller 301 .
具体的:specific:
人机交互模块2中,触摸屏201包括用户参数的输入和显示,采用串口真彩屏,用微处理器301的串口来控制;状态指示灯202主要用来实时显示设备的运行状态,通过微处理器301的I/O控制。In the human-computer interaction module 2, the touch screen 201 includes the input and display of user parameters, adopts a serial port true color screen, and is controlled by the serial port of the microprocessor 301; the status indicator light 202 is mainly used to display the operating status of the device in real time, and is controlled by the microprocessor 301. 301 I/O control.
主控模块3中,微处理器301采用ST公司的基于ARM核心的32位微处理器STM32F103芯片,最高72MHz工作频率,其内置2个12位模/数转换器A/D,2个12位数/模转换器D/A,多达7个定时器,具有SPI、USB、CAN、IIC、USART等通信接口。微处理器301主要根据用户设定的治疗参数,在设备的总体技术指标范围内,控制超声治疗头模块输出满足要求的超声波信号,并使其稳定、可靠地工作。In the main control module 3, the microprocessor 301 adopts the 32-bit microprocessor STM32F103 chip based on the ARM core of ST Company, the highest operating frequency is 72MHz, and it has two built-in 12-bit analog/digital converters A/D, two 12-bit Digital/analog converter D/A, up to 7 timers, with SPI, USB, CAN, IIC, USART and other communication interfaces. The microprocessor 301 mainly controls the ultrasonic treatment head module to output ultrasonic signals that meet the requirements within the overall technical index range of the equipment according to the treatment parameters set by the user, and makes it work stably and reliably.
供电模块1中,采用赛思德隔离电源SAS100-15-K,功率100W,输入交流电压范围165-265VAC,输出直流15V电压信号,给推挽功放模块和电平转换模块提供电源;电平转换模块采用多个DC-DC模块,分别完成DC15V-DC12V、DC12V-±9V,DC9V-DC5V,DC5V-DC3.3V等电平的转换。In the power supply module 1, the SAS100-15-K isolated power supply is used, the power is 100W, the input AC voltage range is 165-265VAC, and the output DC voltage signal is 15V, which provides power for the push-pull power amplifier module and the level conversion module; level conversion The module adopts multiple DC-DC modules to complete the conversion of DC15V-DC12V, DC12V-±9V, DC9V-DC5V, DC5V-DC3.3V and other levels respectively.
实施例2:Example 2:
参见附图2,微处理器控制DDS集成芯片产生超声激励信号,DDS集成芯片采用AD公司的AD9851,输出频率最高180MHz,可以产生正弦波、方波和三角波等输出信号,功耗低。通过串行总线连接微处理器,采用50MHz有源晶振作为参考时钟,输出的正弦波激励信号通过R、L、C组成的低通滤波电路;滤除谐波干扰后的信号进入占空比调节电路;占空比调节电路由高速模拟开关构成,微处理器通过调节输入B端信号的占空比实现对激励信号占空比的控制:B端高电平时,fout=fin; B端低电平时,fout=GND(0V),在一个固定周期内,调节高低电平的时间,即实现了对激励信号占空比的控制。Referring to Figure 2, the microprocessor controls the DDS integrated chip to generate ultrasonic excitation signals. The DDS integrated chip adopts AD9851 of AD Company, and the output frequency is up to 180MHz. It can generate output signals such as sine wave, square wave and triangle wave, and has low power consumption. The microprocessor is connected through the serial bus, and the 50MHz active crystal oscillator is used as the reference clock. The output sine wave excitation signal passes through the low-pass filter circuit composed of R, L, and C; the signal after filtering out the harmonic interference enters the duty ratio adjustment Circuit; the duty ratio adjustment circuit is composed of high-speed analog switches, and the microprocessor realizes the control of the duty ratio of the excitation signal by adjusting the duty ratio of the input B-terminal signal: when the B-terminal is high, fout=fin; when the B-terminal is low Usually, fout=GND(0V), within a fixed cycle, adjust the time of high and low level, that is to realize the control of the duty cycle of the excitation signal.
实施例3:Example 3:
参见附图3,功放模块中,U4组成一级放大电路,激励信号由同相端输入,构成同相比例放大电路,放大倍数由数字电位计的输出阻值与R3的比值确定,微处理器通过调节数字电位计输出阻值的大小,从而控制输出电压的大小,进一步实现对输出功率的控制;U4输出的功率在1W左右;C5为耦合电容;Q3构成二级放大电路,R4、R5通过分压后构成偏置电路,R6、C6作用是反馈补偿,Q3放大后输出功率达到5W左右,通过变压器T1耦合到推挽功放电路;V_set1、 V_set2用来设置Q1、Q2的静态工作电流,其大小在0-6V可调,Q1、Q2为功率MOS管,T2为输出变压器,L4为扼流线圈,滤除高频对直流电源的影响。See Figure 3, in the power amplifier module, U4 forms a first-stage amplifier circuit, and the excitation signal is input from the non-inverting terminal to form the same-phase proportional amplifier circuit. The amplification factor is determined by the ratio of the output resistance of the digital potentiometer to R3, and the microprocessor adjusts The size of the output resistance of the digital potentiometer, thereby controlling the size of the output voltage, and further realizing the control of the output power; the output power of U4 is about 1W; C5 is a coupling capacitor; Q3 constitutes a secondary amplifier circuit, and R4 and R5 are divided by voltage Then form a bias circuit, R6 and C6 function as feedback compensation, the output power of Q3 after amplification reaches about 5W, and it is coupled to the push-pull power amplifier circuit through the transformer T1; V_set1 and V_set2 are used to set the static working current of Q1 and Q2, and its size is 0-6V adjustable, Q1 and Q2 are power MOS tubes, T2 is an output transformer, and L4 is a choke coil to filter out the influence of high frequency on the DC power supply.
实施例4:Example 4:
参见附图4, U6为频率切换继电器,微处理器根据用户的参数设置,控制U6输出不同中心频率,(如1MHz或者3MHz)的超声驱动信号; 匹配电路的作用是提高系统的效率。换能器发生串联谐振时,电路总阻抗不是纯阻态;匹配电路一方面加入匹配电感或电容使电路呈纯阻态,此时换能器的阻抗最小;把超声驱动电路看做一个电源,换能器作为负载,由电路理论知识可知:当电源内阻等于负载阻抗时,负载获得的功率最大。匹配电路另一方面即是进行阻抗变换,使得换能器能够获得最大的功率输人,次功能由变压器T2实现。根据治疗头的数量设置,U6可以有多个频率输出模块。See Figure 4, U6 is a frequency switching relay. The microprocessor controls U6 to output ultrasonic driving signals with different center frequencies (such as 1MHz or 3MHz) according to the user's parameter settings; the function of the matching circuit is to improve the efficiency of the system. When the transducer has series resonance, the total impedance of the circuit is not a pure resistance state; on the one hand, the matching circuit is added with a matching inductance or capacitance to make the circuit a pure resistance state, and the impedance of the transducer is the smallest at this time; the ultrasonic drive circuit is regarded as a power supply, The transducer is used as a load, and it can be known from circuit theory knowledge that when the internal resistance of the power supply is equal to the load impedance, the load obtains the maximum power. On the other hand, the matching circuit is to perform impedance transformation, so that the transducer can obtain the maximum power input, and the secondary function is realized by the transformer T2. According to the number of treatment heads, U6 can have multiple frequency output modules.
实施例5:Example 5:
参见附图5和6。图5为电压、电流采样的原理图。采样电路既不能影响原来的主电路,又要能准确采集所需信号,并尽量保证信号不失真。电压采样是在高频功率变压器T2的磁心上另饶一组绕组, 绕组两端接可调电位器RV ,已调整输出的采样电压大小;电流采样可由电阻、霍尔电流传感器或电流互感器来实现。电阻由于直接与换能器串联,其阻值过大时会产生额外的功率损耗及压降,而阻值过小则会使信号太弱,因此设计比较麻烦;霍尔电流传感器精度比较高,但成本很高,且应用频率较低;本发明采用电流互感器进行电流采样,电流互感器T3串联在超声驱动信号和换能器之间,功率电阻Ri将电流信号转换为电压信号输出。See accompanying drawings 5 and 6. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of voltage and current sampling. The sampling circuit can neither affect the original main circuit, but also can accurately collect the required signal, and try to ensure that the signal is not distorted. Voltage sampling is another set of windings on the magnetic core of high-frequency power transformer T2, and the adjustable potentiometer RV is connected to both ends of the windings to adjust the output sampling voltage; current sampling can be done by resistors, Hall current sensors or current transformers accomplish. Since the resistor is directly connected in series with the transducer, when the resistance value is too large, additional power loss and voltage drop will occur, and if the resistance value is too small, the signal will be too weak, so the design is troublesome; the Hall current sensor has relatively high precision, But the cost is high, and the application frequency is low; the present invention uses a current transformer for current sampling, and the current transformer T3 is connected in series between the ultrasonic driving signal and the transducer, and the power resistor Ri converts the current signal into a voltage signal for output.
参见图6所示,两个运放 U7、U8组成的两个过零比较器,将输入的同频率的采样电流、采样电压信号整定成为同周期的方波信号;U9、U10是两个反相器,提高过零比较器输出方波的前后沿陡度;U11为D 触发器,整定后的电流、电压方波信号分别输入到D 触发器的D端和CLK端,若电压超前电流,则D 触发器的Q端输出电平Sig_hl为逻辑“0”;若电流超前电压,则D 触发器的Q端输出Sig_hl电平为逻辑“1”; D 触发器的Q端输出电平Sig_hl输入到微处理器,作为微处理器控制时增加或减小频率的依据。两个方波信号同时也输入到与门U12,得到体现相位差的脉宽信号输出Sig_ph,若电压和电流相位相同,则该脉宽信号Sig_ph的占空比为 50%;如果二者存在相位差,则输出的脉宽信号Sig_ph的占空比必然小于为50%,这个输出的占空比Sig_ph即反映了电流、电压相位差的大小,Sig_ph信号也输入到微处理器,这样微处理器通过不断扫描Sig_hl、Sig_ph信号,根据信号的占空比大小和电流的超前或滞后关系通过运算产生DDS发生器的频率增量,从而调整超声激励信号的频率,实现频率的自动跟踪,使得换能器始终工作在谐振状态,提高系统的效率。As shown in Figure 6, two zero-crossing comparators composed of two operational amplifiers U7 and U8 set the input sampling current and sampling voltage signals of the same frequency into square wave signals of the same period; U9 and U10 are two inverters The phase device increases the front and rear edge steepness of the zero-crossing comparator output square wave; U11 is a D flip-flop, and the adjusted current and voltage square wave signals are respectively input to the D terminal and CLK terminal of the D flip-flop. If the voltage leads the current, Then the output level Sig_hl of the Q terminal of the D flip-flop is logic "0"; if the current leads the voltage, the output level of Sig_hl of the Q terminal of the D flip-flop is logic "1"; the output level Sig_hl of the Q terminal of the D flip-flop is input To the microprocessor, as the basis for increasing or decreasing the frequency under the control of the microprocessor. The two square wave signals are also input to the AND gate U12 at the same time, and the pulse width signal output Sig_ph reflecting the phase difference is obtained. If the voltage and current phases are the same, the duty cycle of the pulse width signal Sig_ph is 50%; if there is a phase difference between the two difference, the duty cycle of the output pulse width signal Sig_ph must be less than 50%. The duty cycle Sig_ph of this output reflects the magnitude of the current and voltage phase difference. The Sig_ph signal is also input to the microprocessor, so that the microprocessor By continuously scanning the Sig_hl and Sig_ph signals, the frequency increment of the DDS generator is generated by calculation according to the duty cycle of the signal and the lead or lag relationship of the current, thereby adjusting the frequency of the ultrasonic excitation signal, realizing automatic frequency tracking, and making the transduction The converter always works in the resonant state, improving the efficiency of the system.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN111420308A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-17 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of ultrasonic physiotherapy apparatus based on frequency automatic tracking and frequency automatic tracking method |
CN112859673A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 沈阳赛镝医疗器械有限公司 | Intelligent self-adaptive module for ultrasonic electric shock power |
CN113134155A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-20 | 武汉光燚激光科技有限公司 | Skin therapeutic instrument by transdermal diffusion |
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