CN103960031B - A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing - Google Patents
A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103960031B CN103960031B CN201410222614.4A CN201410222614A CN103960031B CN 103960031 B CN103960031 B CN 103960031B CN 201410222614 A CN201410222614 A CN 201410222614A CN 103960031 B CN103960031 B CN 103960031B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- agate coffee
- seedling
- days
- soil
- field planting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241001467578 Microbacterium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000007154 Coffea arabica Species 0.000 claims description 118
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000187392 Streptomyces griseus Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000907999 Mortierella alpina Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000187759 Streptomyces albus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000227153 Marinobacterium stanieri Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021251 pulses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000856658 Microbacterium maritypicum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010035717 Pneumonia klebsiella Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000021217 seedling development Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000723377 Coffea Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 235000000421 Lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000012902 lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 240000000759 Lepidium meyenii Species 0.000 description 16
- 241000722336 Pholiota aurivella Species 0.000 description 12
- 241000604777 Flavobacterium columnare Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000190950 Rhodopseudomonas palustris Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005413 snowmelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000050051 Chelone glabra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000801118 Lepidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219780 Pueraria Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002124 endocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036299 sexual function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing. By adopting raise seedling in greenhouse substrate culture to be bred as seedling, the ridging of decomposing agent fertilizer is used, disinfection by ultraviolet light processing is carried out in raise seedling in greenhouse reply agate coffee seed and canopy chamber, nutritive soil preparation and seedbed with soil and seedling medium by weight the ratio of 5:1 fully mix, add 1% plant ash, raw microbacterium in employing beet (<i>Microbacterium? maritypicum</i>) as Antagonistic Fungi, adding root matrix soil to fill with root mode Antagonistic Fungi suspension, field planting cultivation applies high-quality decomposed manure according to 2000-2500 kg/acre, ploughing depth 15～20cm according to every mu; Flat planting bedding. The agate coffee cultivation cycle has shortened 2 months, and in the success of 3500 meters to 4500 meters Pamir Mountain Area plantation agate coffees of height above sea level, survival rate more than 98%, is with a wide range of applications first.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of the planting of medicinal materials plantation. Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of agate coffee and adapt to high seaLift the technical field of the field production plantation under latitude condition.
Background technology
Agate coffee (LepidiummeyeniiWalp.) claim again agate card, Ma Ka, and English is commonly called as MACA, for Cruciferae is walked alone2 years raw herbaceous plant of Lepidium. Medicinal part is underground radish shape or turbination meat rhizome, is about 10 ~ 14cm, diameter 3 ~5cm, can be divided into multiple types such as white, black, red, yellow according to color difference. Leaf green, is winglike compound leaf, and base is born in rhizome, crawlsCrawl is in ground, and leaf has 12～20, and bar shaped, is about 10～20cm, and wide 1～2cm has smooth meat axle, present situation drastic crack,Blade is rosette to be arranged, and new leaf is longer renewal the from rose center constantly. The general First Year of agate coffee isVegetative growth phase, Second Year is is just blossomed and had seeds, and in 3 ~ June of florescence, is raceme. Raceme top is raw, spends little and many, normalHave six stamens, generally only have two complete, only a few have three complete. Agate coffee is mainly self-pollination, the florescence 1～2Individual month, great majority were spent and can be formed fruit, and fruit is short horn shape, and long 4～5cm, splits into bicrescentic tubule, each fruitThere is a seed real the inside. 5 week of fruit can be ripe, and division discharges seed. Seed ovalize, long 2～2.5cm,Micro-cervinus. Agate coffee is octoploid plant, 64 chromosomes.
Agate coffee is not only nutritious food, is also the medicinal herbs with multiple magical effect, according to modern scientific research, and agateCoffee has multiple nutritional components, and as protein, amino acid, polysaccharide, multivitamin etc., in addition, agate coffee also contains and has special meritEffect active skull cap components agate coffee alkene, agate coffee acid amides, mustard oil, alkaloid, mineral trace element, have improve immunity,Pharmacological effects such as improving sexual function, regulate endocrine, antifatigue, be anti-oxidant, antitumor, can be used for improving and treatment clinicallySexual function, the climacteric metancholia of improving, treatment anaemia, enhancing muscle power, reducing blood lipid etc.
Due to the abundant nutritional labeling of agate coffee and special function effect, make it be subject to global attracting attention. Open at agate coffeeThe field of sending out, utilizes the character of agate coffee " herbal cuisine is dual-purpose " to develop various health foods and nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical more on market,There are in the world market prospects well.
The achievement in research that Peru biologist GloriaChacon in 1961 announces agate coffee (Maca) first obtains industryGreatly pay close attention to; Within 1992, FAO's Rome declaration is using agate coffee (Maca) as a kind of rare nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical to generationBoundary is recommended. Within 1992, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute classifies agate coffee (Maca) as rare plant. Within 1998, America plant is treatedMethod research institute publishes agate coffee (Maca) monograph " the medicinal and nutrient plant of agate coffee (Maca) Peru; International mountain-climbing tissue connection in 2000Alliance (UIAA) classifies agate coffee (Maca) as appointed product. Calendar year 2001 FDA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has passed through agate coffee(Maca) health medicine enters the demonstration of the U.S.. Calendar year 2001 USPO's approval Section 1 is extracted effectively from agate coffee (Maca)The patented technology of composition. Calendar year 2001 the U.S. two kinds of novel substance called after agate coffee alkene and the agate coffee that will in agate coffee (Maca), findAcid amides. Calendar year 2001 American Space General Administration (NASA) is the space food using agate coffee (Maca) as astronaut first. Calendar year 2001 roadMagical effect of society's report agate coffee (Maca) thoroughly. Calendar year 2001 Chinese Central Television " 30 points of news " special report agate coffee (Maca)Newest research results. Calendar year 2001 China excitant and sport nutrition testing research center confirm that agate coffee (Maca) Bu Han is international difficult to understandCommittee can forbidding composition. Calendar year 2001 member of Chinese Academy of Engineering Xiao Peigen " health food that MACA-attractes attention in a whole world " literary composition is delivered.2002 agate coffee (Maca) become the world cup sportsman of Korean and Japanese and specify nutriment. Ministry of Health of China official approval agate coffee in 2002(Maca) enter China.
Calendar year 2001 MACA is just by the certification (FDA Food and Drug Administration) of U.S. FDA, the product of checking by FDAOn safety and effect problem, obtain approving, become the widely known health products in the whole world, on the medical science stage of the Bing worldPlay the part of more and more important role. Within 2011, health ministry is formally approved as new resource food by pueraria root powder. May 18 in 2011Day, in new resource food catalogue new resource food below, is listed agate card powder by the Ministry of Public Health---in newly development of China, new discovery, newIntroduce without food custom, meet food basic demand, the article nontoxic to human body claim new resource food.
At present, along with agate coffee is promoted in the plantation in Yunnan, agate coffee has increasing attraction in hill farmer. ButTo be that so far there are no relevant is reported in for 3500 meters of high and cold high height above sea level in the applicable Pamir Mountain Area to 4500 meter district agate coffee cultigensThe method of planting.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing having no for the field production plantation agate coffee under the high height above sea level latitude condition of the Pamir Mountain AreaPresent situation, the present invention aims to provide a kind of technology of the method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growingScheme, creativeness provides a kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing, large by adoptingCanopy is unified seedling medium and is cultivated seedling, and decomposing agent fertilizer ridging is used, and adopts Antagonistic Fungi to ensure the battalion in agate coffee seedling growth periodGood effect is all played in the demand of supporting and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, has practicality and using value widely.
The main technical schemes that the present invention adopts:
The invention provides a kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing, by adoptingBooth is unified seedling medium and is cultivated seedling, and decomposing agent fertilizer ridging is used, and adopts Antagonistic Fungi to ensure in agate coffee seedling growth periodNutritional need and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, overcome the existing technical bottleneck existing for high height above sea level field planting agate coffee that has no,All play good effect for the agate coffee plantation of cultivating high viability, high yield, high-quality, there is practicality widelyAnd using value.
Further, the invention provides a kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing, %According to weight percent meter, concrete growing and cultivation method is as follows.
(1) agate coffee seed pretreatment: agate coffee seed needs prior to seeding through K cryogenic treatment is preserved at-1 DEG C to-5 DEG C7-10 days with 600 times of liquid of approximately 45% Bravo and 800 times of liquid seed dressings of 55% carbendazol wettable powder, dries standby before growing seedlingsWith; Before sowing, adopt presoaking and germinating processing, seed pulled out and shakeout again with the cold water 16h-24h that at room temperature soaks seed, frequently stir,Soaking seed can be used for growing seedlings.
(2) adopt booth substrate seedling: before sowing, need raise seedling in greenhouse, select raise seedling in greenhouse facility, the reply agate of growing seedlingsDisinfection by ultraviolet light processing is carried out in coffee seed and canopy chamber, creates the environmental condition that is applicable to agate coffee seedling development; Nutritive soil preparationAnd seedbed with soil and seedling medium by weight the ratio of 5:1 fully mix, add 1% plant ash, the soil choosing of ground, seedbedSelect height above sea level 2700m to 3200m, select the leeward plot that faces south, select fertile loose neutral sandy loam, require loose, fertilizer conservation, guarantorWater, by the Nutrition Soil uniform spreading preparing, on seed bed, thickness 10cm-15cm waits to broadcast; Agate coffee is cultivated employing cave, seedbed dish and is educatedSeedling, agate coffee application rate is assessed according to 20～30 grams every mu; Cave dish is fitly emitted on to ground smooth in booth, then waters footWater, canopy chamber will ensure sufficient illumination, annual mid or late Febuary seeding and seedling raising, seedling age can be transplanted after 30～50 days in field planting, oneAs after 7 days agate coffee true leaf grow gradually, after 14 days, true leaf grows to 2～3cm, after 30～50 days, to grow to 6～8cm high for agate coffee true leafTransplant; Adopt during this time the interior raw microbacterium of beet (Microbacteriummaritypicum) as Antagonistic Fungi, to fill with rootMode Antagonistic Fungi suspension adds, and root irrigation adopts according to 1% Antagonistic Fungi sprays root soil, and pouring Antagonistic Fungi viable count is notLower than 108The bacteria suspension of cfu/mL.
(3) seedling medium: by wheat, corn stalk powder being broken into the section shape of 1-10mm, add water to water content 60-80%,Then by volume every cubic metre add urea 2-3kg, sheep excrement and cow dung are according to weight ratio 1:1 composition farm manure, farm manure is pressedEvery cubic metre of volume ratio adds 5-10kg, quick lime by volume every cubic metre add 1-2kg, compoiste fermented microbial inoculum is by volumeEvery cubic metre adds 500-1000g, and mixes, and at 15 DEG C of-40 DEG C of lower seal heap fermentations of air themperature, sealing is piled up and sent outFerment is to carry out under plastic covering film or straw screen or mat, fermentation start turning in latter every 10 days once, when turning moisturizing to water content 60%,Fermentation time continues 40 days; Ferment and can prepare and grow seedlings after rear employing microwave or ultraviolet disinfection airing are extremely driedMatrix.
(4) planting pit dish sowing: should be whole before field planting, apply high-quality decomposed manure according to 2000-in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu2500 kgs/acre, ploughing depth 15～20cm; Flat planting bedding, selects north-south ridging bedding, row spacing 80cm, row spacing 40cm, ridgeHigh 25～30cm; Field planting require 10cm soil temperature (ground temperature) is stable reach 12 DEG C after field planting, generally in mid or late April field planting, fixedPlant and adopt seeding row spacing 20-30cm, 8000-10000 plant/acre, after field planting, planted and do not water the same day, and next day, disposable irrigating, grew7-10 days phases were watered water one time, and intertill and clean tillage in good time, about the 180 days time of infertility.
(5) decomposed manure is made up of bacterial classification, carrier and auxiliary material; Strain fermentating liquid used is in following ratio compatibility: itsThe component of middle bacterial classification and parts by weight are, streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus) 20-50 part, Mortierella alpina(Mortierellaalpina) 5-15 part, pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) 5-15 part, marsh is redPseudomonad (Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris) 20-40 part, the mixed bacteria liquid after four kinds of bacterium compatibilities is fully inhaledInvest carrier; Carrier be wheat, corn or pulse family stalk separately or mixed powder mince, granular size is 1-30mm; Auxiliary material isUrea and farm manure, wherein the weight ratio of urea and farm manure is 1:3; The weight ratio of carrier and auxiliary material is 5:1; By wheat, jadeRice or pulse family powder of straw be broken into 1-30mm section shape, add water to water content 40-70%, then by volume every cubic metre add corruptionRipe fertilizer 100-300g, and mix, at air themperature 20-40 DEG C of lower seal composting; Sealing composting is at air-proof conditionUnder carry out, composting starts turning in latter every 30 days once, when turning moisturizing to water content 40-70%, composting time remaining 60 days; HeapHaving made rear airing can directly be applied in the soil of plantation agate coffee after dry.
The agate coffee seedling medium adopting in the present invention: by wheat, corn stalk powder being broken into the section shape of 1-10mm, add waterTo water content 60-80%, then by volume every cubic metre add urea 2-3kg, sheep excrement and cow dung form according to weight ratio 1:1Farm manure, farm manure by volume every cubic metre add 5-10kg, quick lime by volume every cubic metre add 1-2kg, fermentationComposite bacteria agent capable by volume every cubic metre add 500-1000g, and mix, at 15 DEG C of-40 DEG C of lower seals heaps of air themperatureLong-pending fermentation, sealing heap fermentation is to carry out under plastic covering film or straw screen or mat, fermentation starts turning in latter every 10 days once, when turningMoisturizing is to water content 60%, and fermentation time continues 40 days; Fermented rear employing microwave or ultraviolet disinfection airing to after dryCan prepare seedling medium.
The compoiste fermented microbial inoculum adopting in the present invention is Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia subspecies (KlebsiellaPneumoniaesubsppneumonaiae), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus), huge brood cellBacillus (Bacillusmegaterium), bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) and Trichoderma viride(Trichodermaviride), pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonasaeruginosa), streptomyces albus(Streptomycesalbus) be mixed with acquisition according to weight ratio 1:1:2:1:2:3:1; In the situation of abundant solid fermentationUnder, the color that wheat, corn stalk powder mince will be from the light yellow dark brown that becomes, and the fermentation heap of crushed material no longer produces and sends out simultaneouslyMould smell, the rear airing of having fermented can prepare matrix after dry.
The decomposed manure using in the agate coffee cultivation adopting in the present invention, decomposed manure is by bacterial classification, carrier and auxiliary materialForm; Strain fermentating liquid used is in following ratio compatibility: wherein the component of bacterial classification and parts by weight are, streptomyces griseus(Streptomycesgriseus) 20-50 part, Mortierella alpina (Mortierellaalpina) 5-15 part, the false unit cell of Si ShiBacterium (Pseudomonasstutzeri) 5-15 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RhodosedoseudomouasPadustris) 20-40 part, the mixed bacteria liquid after four kinds of bacterium compatibilities is fully adsorbed in carrier; Carrier is wheat, corn or pulse familyStalk separately or mixed powder mince, granular size is 1-30mm; Auxiliary material is urea and farm manure, wherein urea and farm manureWeight ratio is 1:3; The weight ratio of carrier and auxiliary material is 5:1; Wheat, corn or pulse family powder of straw are broken into the section shape of 1-30mm,Add water to water content 40-70%, then by volume every cubic metre add decomposed manure 100-300g, and mix, at sky20-40 DEG C of lower seal composting of temperature degree; Sealing composting is to carry out under air-proof condition, and composting starts turning in latter every 30 days once,When turning, moisturizing is to water content 40-70%, composting time remaining 60 days; After composting completes, airing can directly be used after dryIn the soil of plantation agate coffee.
The decomposed manure that the present invention adopts can be is effectively subacidity sandy soil by planting soil improvement, this forHigh and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area soil meta-alkalescence is unfavorable for that the realistic problem of agate coffee field planting has important at presentFunction and significance.
In the present invention, selected Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia subspecies (KlebsiellapneumoniaesubspPneumonaiae), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus), Bacillus megatherium (BacillusMegaterium), bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) and Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride), copperGreen pseudomonad (Pseudomonasaeruginosa) and streptomyces albus (Streptomycesalbus) are although be all normalThe bacterial classification of seeing, those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain by public's channel, and still, this area has no and adopts above-mentioned seven kinds of bacteriumPlant and adopt mixing composite fermentation to be applied in solid material fermentation, also have no the fermentation being applied in as agate coffee host solid materialIn, although preparation method and the culture medium of selecting in preparation process and the cultivation of the above-mentioned strain fermentating liquid that the present invention adoptsCondition is all that this area is common and know.
In the present invention, selected streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), Mortierella alpina(Mortierellaalpina), pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris(Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris), although be all common bacterial classification, repeatedly test through the application of agate coffee land for growing field cropsCard, adopts Pholiota adiposa (Pholiotaadiposa) in the employing decomposing agent that prior art is recorded or decomposed manure formulaAnd flavobacterium columnare (Flavobacteriumcolumnare) and streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), high mountainMortierella (Mortierellaalpina), the red false unit cell of pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) and marshBacterium (Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris) mixed culture fermentation objectively exists bacterial classification mutually to conflict, and obviously exists and usesThe strain combination that former prior art adopts, particularly adopts Pholiota adiposa (Pholiotaadiposa) and flavobacterium columnare(Flavobacteriumcolumnare) bring the unfavorable factor that hardens of soil with the compound mixed culture fermentation of other common bacterial classifications,Being not suitable for the plantation of agate coffee needs the demand of sand matter, and the soil property that the plantation of agate coffee needs should be sandy soil, and the soil is porous. ForThis, the present invention is directed in the decomposing agent of matching in the plantation of agate coffee and can not select Pholiota adiposa (Pholiotaadiposa) and columnFlavobacterium (Flavobacteriumcolumnare) and the compound hybrid solid fermentation of other common bacterial classifications.
In the present invention, bacterial classification streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), Mortierella alpina used(Mortierellaalpina), pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris(Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris) zymotic fluid is according to method common in prior art and the preparation of corresponding culture mediumObtain.
Well known, the kind that disease and pest may occur in the plantation of agate coffee mainly contains root footpath borer, leaf causes mouldDeng, the present invention according to the innoxious governance principle taking " cultural control, physical control, biological control are as main, and chemical prevention is auxiliary ",Adopt the interior raw microbacterium of beet (Microbacteriummaritypicum) as Antagonistic Fungi, this bacterial classification is common soil-borne diseaseThe microbial strains of evil, adopts filling root mode to add Antagonistic Fungi suspension, and root irrigation adopts the Antagonistic Fungi of low concentration to spray rootSoil, pouring Antagonistic Fungi viable count is not less than 108The bacteria suspension 10mL of cfu/mL.
The present invention before transplanting, adopts the Antagonistic Fungi of low concentration to spray root matrix soil agate coffee seedling, rejects in time sickStrain, checks that the agate coffee seedling in seedling dish has or not diseased plant, prevents from being transmitted to other strong seedling, strong sprout as found that diseased plant should be rejected in time, makesBecome loss, can take to strengthen and spray the number of times of Antagonistic Fungi or increase the concentration of spraying Antagonistic Fungi in good time.
The present invention carries out strict crop rotation cropping system, and every 1-2 agate coffee plantation and clover plantation crop rotation, according to surveying soil formulaFertilising, enriches the fertilizer fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and not to fertilize, prevents soil eutrophication.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, can reach following beneficial effect:
(1) method of agate coffee cultivating and growing provided by the invention is positioned at away from ocean for the Taxkorgan County in XinjiangThe Pamir Mountain Area, for compared with the high altitude mountainous area of high latitude, field irrigation is mainly main by alpine glacier and accumulated snow melt water. Plantation agateThe address choice of coffee is positioned at 38 ° of north latitude, 76 °, eastern footpath, and the plantation of sea level on the average 3000-5500 rice, in height above sea level 4500m PamirHighlands weather severe cold and arid, day and night temperature can reach 28 DEG C. The present invention is according to the biological characteristics of agate coffee, at Xinjiang handkerchief riceUnder the condition of your plateau high latitude, high height above sea level, provide a set of agate coffee high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, adopt substrate in greenhouse to grow seedlings, greatlyThe method that transplant in field, plants agate coffee in 3500 meters to 4500 meters Pamir Mountain Area severe cold of height above sea level first under dry climate conditionSuccess.
(2), in South America Peru mountain area, agate coffee generally, in sowing in 9～October, after planting approximately carries out thinning in two months, makes plantThere are enough growing spaces. The method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing provided by the invention,The plantation of agate coffee is to nurse young plants in hothouses 3～April, transplants seedlings to land for growing field crops May, can receive by the end of October then to NovemberObtain product, be 7～8 months whole breeding time, shortened 2 months than original producton location Peru; Aspect transplanting, change tradition in the pastThe mode of transplanting seedlings, specification whole ground, making ridge, cultivation seedling technical regulation, summed up the local cultivation seedling technical management measures of a set of adaptation,The same day, cultivation was not watered, next day disposable irrigating, survival rate is more than 98%.
(3) method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing provided by the invention, by adoptingUnify seedling medium with booth and cultivate seedling, decomposing agent fertilizer ridging is used, adopt Antagonistic Fungi to ensure in agate coffee seedling growth periodNutritional need and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, overcome prior art and had no the technology bottle existing for high height above sea level field planting agate coffeeNeck, the cultivation cycle of shortening agate coffee, shorten nearly 2 months than state of original Peru or Yunnan Province of China production agate coffee cycle, reachThe results then of cultivation then. Be 17.5% by detecting agate coffee protein content, polyoses content is 14.3%.
Detailed description of the invention
, for embodiment, the present invention is described below, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
The supplementary materials such as all Chinese herbal medicines of selecting in the present invention are all well known selecting, but do not limit of the present inventionImplement, in addition, in following explanation, if no special instructions, all % that relate to all refer to m/m mass percent.
Embodiment mono-: the cultivating and growing that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee
Be suitable for the method for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing, % is according to weight percent meter, concreteGrowing and cultivation method is as follows:
(1) agate coffee seed pretreatment: agate coffee seed needs prior to seeding through K cryogenic treatment is preserved at-1 DEG C to-5 DEG C7-10 days with 600 times of liquid of approximately 45% Bravo and 800 times of liquid seed dressings of 55% carbendazol wettable powder, dries standby before growing seedlingsWith; Before sowing, adopt presoaking and germinating processing, seed pulled out and shakeout again with the cold water 16h-24h that at room temperature soaks seed, frequently stir,Soaking seed can be used for growing seedlings.
(2) adopt booth substrate seedling: before sowing, need raise seedling in greenhouse, select raise seedling in greenhouse facility, the reply agate of growing seedlingsDisinfection by ultraviolet light processing is carried out in coffee seed and canopy chamber, creates the environmental condition that is applicable to agate coffee seedling development; Nutritive soil preparationAnd seedbed with soil and seedling medium by weight the ratio of 5:1 fully mix, add 1% plant ash, the soil choosing of ground, seedbedSelect height above sea level 2700m to 3200m, select the leeward plot that faces south, select fertile loose neutral sandy loam, require loose, fertilizer conservation, guarantorWater, by the Nutrition Soil uniform spreading preparing, on seed bed, thickness 10cm-15cm waits to broadcast; Agate coffee is cultivated employing cave, seedbed dish and is educatedSeedling, agate coffee application rate is assessed according to 20～30 grams every mu; Cave dish is fitly emitted on to ground smooth in booth, then waters footWater, canopy chamber will ensure sufficient illumination, annual mid or late Febuary seeding and seedling raising, seedling age can be transplanted after 30～50 days in field planting, oneAs after 7 days agate coffee true leaf grow gradually, after 14 days, true leaf grows to 2～3cm, after 30～50 days, to grow to 6～8cm high for agate coffee true leafTransplant; Adopt during this time the interior raw microbacterium of beet (Microbacteriummaritypicum) as Antagonistic Fungi, to fill with rootMode Antagonistic Fungi suspension adds, and root irrigation adopts according to 1% Antagonistic Fungi sprays root soil, and pouring Antagonistic Fungi viable count is notLower than 108The bacteria suspension of cfu/mL.
(3) planting pit dish sowing: should be whole before field planting, apply high-quality decomposed manure according to 2000-in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu2500 kgs/acre, ploughing depth 15～20cm; Flat planting bedding, selects north-south ridging bedding, row spacing 80cm, row spacing 40cm, ridgeHigh 25～30cm; Field planting require 10cm soil temperature (ground temperature) is stable reach 12 DEG C after field planting, generally in mid or late April field planting, fixedPlant and adopt seeding row spacing 20-30cm, 8000-10000 plant/acre, after field planting, planted and do not water the same day, and next day, disposable irrigating, grew7-10 days phases were watered water one time, and intertill and clean tillage in good time, about the 180 days time of infertility.
Embodiment bis-: the preparation of agate coffee seedling medium
The agate coffee seedling medium adopting in the present invention: by wheat, corn stalk powder being broken into the section shape of 1-10mm, add waterTo water content 60-80%, then by volume every cubic metre add urea 2-3kg, sheep excrement and cow dung form according to weight ratio 1:1Farm manure 5-10kg, quick lime 1-2kg, compoiste fermented microbial inoculum 500-1000g, and mix, at air themperature 15-40 DEG CSealing heap fermentation, sealing heap fermentation is to carry out under plastic covering film or straw screen or mat, fermentation starts turning in latter every 10 days once,When turning, moisturizing is to water content 60%, and fermentation time continues 40 days; Fermented rear employing microwave or ultraviolet disinfection airing extremelyAfter dry, can prepare seedling medium.
The compoiste fermented microbial inoculum adopting in the present invention is Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia subspecies (KlebsiellaPneumoniaesubsppneumonaiae), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus), huge brood cellBacillus (Bacillusmegaterium), bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) and Trichoderma viride(Trichodermaviride), pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonasaeruginosa), streptomyces albus(Streptomycesalbus) be mixed with acquisition according to weight ratio 1:1:2:1:2:3:1; In the situation of abundant solid fermentationUnder, the color that wheat, corn stalk powder mince will be from the light yellow dark brown that becomes, and the fermentation heap of crushed material no longer produces and sends out simultaneouslyMould smell, the rear airing of having fermented can prepare matrix after dry.
Embodiment tri-: the preparation of decomposed manure in the cultivation of agate coffee
The decomposed manure using in the agate coffee cultivation adopting in the present invention, decomposed manure is by bacterial classification, carrier and auxiliary materialForm; Strain fermentating liquid used is in following ratio compatibility: wherein the component of bacterial classification and parts by weight are, streptomyces griseus(Streptomycesgriseus) 20-50 part, Mortierella alpina (Mortierellaalpina) 5-15 part, the false unit cell of Si ShiBacterium (Pseudomonasstutzeri) 5-15 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RhodosedoseudomouasPadustris) 20-40 part, the bacterium liquid after compatibility is fully adsorbed in carrier; Carrier be wheat, corn or pulse family stalk separately orPerson's mixed powder minces, and granular size is 1-30mm; Auxiliary material is urea and farm manure, and wherein the weight ratio of urea and farm manure is 1:3; The weight ratio of carrier and auxiliary material is 5:1; The section shape that wheat, corn or pulse family powder of straw is broken into 1-30mm, adds water to moistureAmount 40-70%, then by volume every cubic metre add decomposed manure 100-300g, and mix, at air themperature 20-40 DEG C of lower seal compostings; Sealing composting is to carry out under air-proof condition, and composting starts turning in latter every 30 days once, moisturizing when turningTo water content 40-70%, composting time remaining 60 days; After composting completes, airing can directly be applied to soil after dry.
The decomposed manure that the present invention adopts can be is effectively subacidity sandy soil by planting soil improvement, this forHigh and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area soil meta-alkalescence is unfavorable for that the realistic problem of agate coffee field planting has important at presentFunction and significance.
In the present invention, selected Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia subspecies (KlebsiellapneumoniaesubspPneumonaiae), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus), Bacillus megatherium (BacillusMegaterium), bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) and Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride), copperGreen pseudomonad (Pseudomonasaeruginosa), streptomyces albus (Streptomycesalbus) are although be all commonBacterial classification, those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain by public's channel, still, this area have no adopt above-mentioned seven kinds of bacterial classificationsAdopt mixing composite fermentation to be applied in solid material fermentation, also have no in the fermentation that is applied in crops host solid material,The preparation method of the above-mentioned strain fermentating liquid that meanwhile, the present invention adopts and the culture medium of selecting in preparation process thereof and cultivation barPart is all that this area is common and know.
In the present invention, selected streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), Mortierella alpina(Mortierellaalpina), pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris(Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris), although be all common bacterial classification, repeatedly test through the application of agate coffee land for growing field cropsCard, adopts Pholiota adiposa (Pholiotaadiposa) in the employing decomposing agent that prior art is recorded or decomposed manure formulaAnd flavobacterium columnare (Flavobacteriumcolumnare) and streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), high mountainMortierella (Mortierellaalpina), the red false unit cell of pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) and marshBacterium (Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris) mixed culture fermentation objectively exists bacterial classification mutually to conflict, and obviously exists and usesThe strain combination that former prior art adopts, particularly adopts Pholiota adiposa (Pholiotaadiposa) and flavobacterium columnare(Flavobacteriumcolumnare) bring the unfavorable factor that hardens of soil with the compound mixed culture fermentation of other common bacterial classifications,Being not suitable for the plantation of agate coffee needs the demand of sandy soil, and the soil property that the plantation of agate coffee needs should be sandy soil, and the soil is porous. ForThis, the present invention is directed in the decomposing agent of matching in the plantation of agate coffee and can not select Pholiota adiposa (Pholiotaadiposa) and columnFlavobacterium (Flavobacteriumcolumnare) and the compound hybrid solid fermentation of other common bacterial classifications.
In the present invention, bacterial classification streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), Mortierella alpina used(Mortierellaalpina), pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris(Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris) zymotic fluid is according to method common in prior art and the preparation of corresponding culture mediumObtain.
The kind that disease and pest may occur in the plantation of agate coffee mainly contains root footpath borer, leaf causes mould etc., and the present invention pressesAccording to the innoxious governance principle taking " cultural control, physical control, biological control are as main, and chemical prevention is auxiliary ", adopt in beetRaw microbacterium (Microbacteriummaritypicum) is as Antagonistic Fungi, and this bacterial classification is the microorganism of common soil-borne diseaseBacterial strain, adopts filling root mode to add Antagonistic Fungi suspension, and root irrigation adopts the Antagonistic Fungi of low concentration to spray root soil, waters short of moneyAntibacterial viable count is not less than 108The bacteria suspension 10mL of cfu/mL.
The present invention before transplanting, adopts the Antagonistic Fungi of low concentration to spray root matrix soil agate coffee seedling, rejects in time sickStrain, checks that the agate coffee seedling in seedling dish has or not diseased plant, prevents from being transmitted to other strong seedling, strong sprout as found that diseased plant should be rejected in time, makesBecome loss, can take to strengthen and spray the number of times of Antagonistic Fungi or increase the concentration of spraying Antagonistic Fungi in good time.
By the enforcement of above-described embodiment, the Taxkorgan County that the present invention is directed to Xinjiang is positioned at the Pamir away from oceanPlateau, for compared with the high altitude mountainous area of high latitude. Field irrigation is mainly main by alpine glacier and accumulated snow melt water. The ground of plantation agate coffee38 ° of north latitude, 76 °, eastern footpath are selected to be positioned in location, and the plantation of sea level on the average 3000-5500 rice, on ground, the height above sea level 4500m Pamir Mountain AreaDistrict's weather severe cold and arid, surface soil alkalinity, day and night temperature can reach 28 DEG C. The present invention is directed to the biological characteristics of agate coffee, in XinjiangUnder the condition of high latitude, high height above sea level, provide a set of agate coffee high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, employing substrate in greenhouse is grown seedlings, field-transplantingMethod, under dry climate condition, plant first agate coffee success in 3500 meters to 4500 meters Pamir Mountain Area severe cold of height above sea level.
In South America Peru mountain area, agate coffee generally, in sowing in 9～October, after planting approximately carries out thinning in two months, and plant is hadEnough growing spaces. During field management, note carrying out the work such as liquid manure supply and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, 5～July of next year,In the time that fleshy root diameter grows to about 5cm, gather in the crops, need 9～10 months whole breeding time. Applicable Pamir provided by the invention is highThe method of former high and cold high altitude localities agate coffee cultivating and growing, the plantation of agate coffee is to nurse young plants in hothouses 3～April, May is by seedlingBe transplanted to land for growing field crops, can gather in the crops product by the end of October then to November, be 7～8 months whole breeding time, contracts than original producton location PeruShort 2 months; Aspect transplanting, changed in the past traditional mode of transplanting seedlings, specification whole ground, making ridge, cultivation seedling technical regulation, alwaysTied the local cultivation seedling technical management measures of a set of adaptation, the same day, cultivation was not watered, next day disposable irrigating, survival rate is more than 98%.
The present invention cultivates seedling by adopting booth to unify seedling medium, and the ridging of decomposing agent fertilizer is used, and adopts antagonismBacterium ensures nutritional need and the prevention and elimination of disease and pests in agate coffee seedling growth period, has overcome existing having no for high height above sea level land for growing field crops kindPlant the technical bottleneck that agate coffee exists, shorten the cultivation cycle of agate coffee, produce the contracting of agate coffee cycle than state of original Peru or Yunnan Province of ChinaShort nearly 2 months, reach the results then of cultivation then. Be 17.5% by detecting agate coffee protein content, polyoses content is14.3%。
Claims (1)
1. a method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing, is characterized in that, % is according to weightPercentage meter, concrete growing and cultivation method is as follows:
(1) agate coffee seed pretreatment: agate coffee seed needs prior to seeding through K cryogenic treatment is preserved 7-10 at-1 DEG C to-5 DEG CMy god, before growing seedlings, with 600 times of liquid of 45% Bravo and 800 times of liquid seed dressings of 55% carbendazol wettable powder, dry for subsequent use; Before sowingAdopt presoaking and germinating processing, seed is pulled out and shakeout again with the cold water 16h-24h that at room temperature soaks seed, frequently stir, soak seedBe used for growing seedlings;
(2) adopt booth substrate seedling: before field planting, need raise seedling in greenhouse, select raise seedling in greenhouse facility, before growing seedlings, tackle agate coffee kindDisinfection by ultraviolet light processing is carried out in son and canopy chamber, creates the environmental condition that is applicable to agate coffee seedling development; Nutritive soil preparation is with soilEarth and the seedling medium by weight ratio of 5:1 fully mix, and add 1% plant ash, and height above sea level 2700m is selected extremely in ground, seedbed3200m, selects the leeward plot that faces south, and selects fertile loose neutral sandy loam, requires loose, fertilizer conservation, water conservation, by what prepareNutrition Soil uniform spreading is on seed bed, and thickness 10cm-15cm waits to broadcast; Agate coffee is cultivated seedbed and is adopted hole plate seedling growth, agate coffee application rateAssess according to 20～30 grams every mu; Cave dish is fitly emitted on to ground smooth in booth, then waters sufficient water, canopy chamber will ensureSufficient illumination, annual mid or late Febuary seeding and seedling raising, seedling age after 30～50 days field planting transplant, after 7 days, agate coffee true leaf is long graduallyGo out, after 14 days, true leaf grows to 2～3cm, and after 30～50 days, agate coffee true leaf grows to that 6～8cm is high to transplant; Adopt during this time beetInterior raw microbacterium (Microbacteriummaritypicum), as Antagonistic Fungi, adds to fill with root mode Antagonistic Fungi suspension, fills withRoot is processed the Antagonistic Fungi sprinkling root matrix soil that adopts 1%, and pouring Antagonistic Fungi concentration is 108The bacteria suspension of cfu/mL;
(3) field planting: should be whole before field planting, apply high-quality decomposed manure 2000-2500 kilogram, ploughing depth in conjunction with ploughing deeply every mu15～20cm; Flat planting bedding, selects north-south ridging bedding, row spacing 80cm, row spacing 40cm, the high 25～30cm in ridge; Field planting requirement10cm soil temperature is stable reach 12 DEG C after field planting, in mid or late April field planting, field planting adopts seeding row spacing 20-30cm, 8000-10000 plants/acre, after field planting, do not water the same day, and next day, disposable irrigating, watered water 7-10 days growth periods one time, and intertillage in good time removesGrass, about the 180 days time of infertility;
Described seedling medium, by wheat, corn stalk powder being broken into the section shape of 1-10mm, adds water to water content 60-80%, soAdd urea 2-3kg by every cubic metre afterwards, sheep excrement and cow dung are according to weight ratio 1:1 composition farm manure 5-10kg, quick lime 1-2kg, compoiste fermented microbial inoculum 500-1000g, and mix, at air themperature 15-40 DEG C of lower seal heap fermentation, sealing is piled upFermentation is to carry out under plastic covering film or straw screen or mat, and fermentation starts turning in latter every 10 days once, and when turning, moisturizing is to water content60%, fermentation time continues 40 days; Fermented rear employing microwave or ultraviolet disinfection, airing is educated to preparing after drySeedling matrix;
Described compoiste fermented microbial inoculum is Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia subspecies (KlebsiellapneumoniaesubspPneumonaiae), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillusmucilaginosus), Bacillus megatherium (BacillusMegaterium), bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis), Trichoderma viride (Trichodermaviride), verdigrisPseudomonad (Pseudomonasaeruginosa) and streptomyces albus (Streptomycesalbus) are according to weight ratio 1:1:2:1:2:3:1 is mixed with acquisition;
Described decomposed manure is made up of bacterial classification, carrier and auxiliary material; Bacterial classification used is in following ratio proportioning: wherein bacterial classificationComponent and parts by weight are, streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus) 20-50 part, Mortierella alpina(Mortierellaalpina) 5-15 part, pseudomonas stanieri (Pseudomonasstutzeri) 5-15 part, marsh is redPseudomonad (Rhodosedoseudomouaspadustris) 20-40 part, the mixed bacteria liquid after four kinds of bacterium proportionings is fully inhaledInvest carrier; Carrier be wheat, corn or pulse family stalk separately or mixed powder mince, granular size is 1-30mm; Auxiliary material isUrea and farm manure, wherein the weight ratio of urea and farm manure is 1:3; The weight ratio of carrier and auxiliary material is 5:1; By wheat, jadeRice or pulse family powder of straw are broken into the section shape of 1-30mm, add water to water content 40-70%; Then by volume every cubic metre add corruptionRipe fertilizer 100-300g, and mix, at air themperature 20-40 DEG C of lower seal composting; Sealing composting is at air-proof conditionUnder carry out, composting starts turning in latter every 30 days once, when turning moisturizing to water content 40-70%, composting time remaining 60 days; HeapMade rear airing obtains after dry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410222614.4A CN103960031B (en) | 2014-05-25 | 2014-05-25 | A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410222614.4A CN103960031B (en) | 2014-05-25 | 2014-05-25 | A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103960031A CN103960031A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
| CN103960031B true CN103960031B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
Family
ID=51230446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410222614.4A Expired - Fee Related CN103960031B (en) | 2014-05-25 | 2014-05-25 | A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103960031B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104230534B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-09-07 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | A kind of maca seedling composite substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104186158A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Maca seedling cultivating and planting method |
| CN104255222B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-05-18 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | A kind of agate coffee method for culturing seedlings |
| CN104163742B (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 昆明中至诚农业科技开发有限公司 | Special fertilizer for maca planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN104584853A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-06 | 花垣县联华玛卡种养专业合作社 | Planting method for maca |
| CN105075576B (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-02-13 | 昆明康嘉乐生物科技有限公司 | The method of organic plantation maca |
| CN105039219A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Streptomyces albus decomposition accelerator and application thereof in saline-alkali soil straw decay soil condition improvement |
| CN105453883B (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2019-03-01 | 武汉华士特工业生物技术开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of maca |
| CN107522575A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer special of suitable highlands maca and preparation method thereof |
| CN107857656A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-03-30 | 广西长耀隆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of kaffir lily cultivation nutrient soil |
| CN108029502A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-15 | 王惠滨 | A kind of wheat seedling raising matrix |
| CN109197464B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-08-11 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of cultivation method that can improve the quality and yield of Maca |
| CN110668860A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-10 | 贵州务川科华生物科技有限公司 | Method for recycling cultivation waste |
| CN113943680A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-18 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | Microbacterium marinum and application thereof in degrading T-2 toxin |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101525254A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-09 | 华南农业大学 | Multifunctional biological compound fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102090245A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-06-15 | 朱晓西 | Cultivation method for plant Maca |
| CN102617222A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-01 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using cotton straw and substrate prepared with same |
| CN102660531A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-12 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Decomposition maturing agent and application thereof to green waste recycling |
| CN102884935A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-01-23 | 昆明滇然生物科技有限公司 | Plant maca growing method in lower altitude areas |
| CN103642734A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Microbacterium maritypicum and application thereof in preventing sugar beet disease-causing organisms |
| CN103650886A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-26 | 丽江玛咖生物科技有限公司 | Lepidium meyenii planting method |
| CN104221664A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-24 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Normalized maca planting method |
-
2014
- 2014-05-25 CN CN201410222614.4A patent/CN103960031B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101525254A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-09 | 华南农业大学 | Multifunctional biological compound fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102090245A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-06-15 | 朱晓西 | Cultivation method for plant Maca |
| CN102617222A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-01 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Method for producing seedling raising substrate by using cotton straw and substrate prepared with same |
| CN102660531A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-12 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Decomposition maturing agent and application thereof to green waste recycling |
| CN102884935A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-01-23 | 昆明滇然生物科技有限公司 | Plant maca growing method in lower altitude areas |
| CN103642734A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所 | Microbacterium maritypicum and application thereof in preventing sugar beet disease-causing organisms |
| CN103650886A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-26 | 丽江玛咖生物科技有限公司 | Lepidium meyenii planting method |
| CN104221664A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-24 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Normalized maca planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 宋倍源等.新疆塔什库尔干县帕米尔高原玛咖栽培技术.《新疆畜牧业》.2013,(第12期),第52-54页. * |
| 彭识等.丽江市玛咖种植育苗技术.《现代农业科技》.2013,(第19期),第109-110页. * |
| 杨振华.高海拔地区玛咖引种及种植技术.《中国农业信息》.2013,(第23期),第84页. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103960031A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103960031B (en) | A kind of method that is suitable for high and cold high altitude localities, Pamir Mountain Area agate coffee cultivating and growing | |
| CN105935020A (en) | Plantation method of millettia speciosa champ | |
| CN103449886A (en) | Composite microbial fertilizer for paddy | |
| CN112753516B (en) | Ecological cultivation method for intercropping bighead atractylodes rhizome and soybeans | |
| CN105638302B (en) | Organic oil tree plant cultivation Nutrition Soil | |
| CN110100670A (en) | A method of prevention and treatment crop in cruciferae clubroot | |
| CN103725634A (en) | Compound probiotics for planting kiwi fruits | |
| CN106699423A (en) | Lycium barbarum root rot biocontrol preparation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103875491A (en) | Organic fragrant rice planting method | |
| CN105027953A (en) | Method for planting soybeans in matrix | |
| CN105994379B (en) | Coating agent for seed based on actinomyces and preparation method thereof and coating method | |
| CN107382587A (en) | A kind of house plant special organic matter compost and its preparation method and application | |
| CN107382496A (en) | A kind of artificial soil for strengthening crop anti-adversity and the method for strengthening crop anti-adversity | |
| CN106336329A (en) | Microbial bacterial fertilizer special for honeysuckles and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108934838A (en) | A kind of high yield cultivating method of sweet wormwood | |
| CN108424272A (en) | A kind of long acting multifunction composite microbe fertilizer and its production technology | |
| CN105145033A (en) | Lycium ruthenicum cultivation method | |
| CN107188657A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of wheat | |
| CN106576772A (en) | Planting method of selenium-rich peppers | |
| CN106171706A (en) | A kind of production method of selenium-rich organic rice | |
| CN112166987B (en) | Mixed cultivation method of alfalfa, semen cassiae and honeysuckle | |
| CN108353721A (en) | A kind of efficient implantation methods of grape of interplanting vetch | |
| CN109792938B (en) | Preparation method of mechanical transplanting strong seedling matrix and organic mixed filling component for silk seedling type rice | |
| CN106538207A (en) | One implantation methods cultivated peanut | |
| JP2000342248A (en) | Thermophilic spawn, organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer, and production thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160511 Termination date: 20170525 |