CN103958326B - Car and car module - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a car, which comprises a vehicle body, a motor (3) and an axle. The axle has an axle support (1) connected to the vehicle body and two sideways movably connected to the axle support through connecting devices respectively. The wheel can be moved by the motor (3) via the connecting device, and the housing (6) of the motor (3) constitutes a transverse bridge of the axle support (1) for transmitting transverse forces. According to the present invention, the axle support (1) is fixed on the vehicle body through the housing (6) of the motor (3), the connecting device at least includes a guide rod device (2), and the wheels are used as driving wheels respectively through a The articulation shaft (4) is driven by a motor, the guide rod arrangement is directly supported on the housing of the motor, or directly on a fastening element connected to the motor, and the axle comprises two The side axle sections also include the motor, the housing of which is the only transverse bridge between the side axle sections.

Description

Sedan and Sedan Modules

technical field

The invention relates to a car including a body. The axle is preferably a drive axle of a double-track vehicle, in which case at least one other wheel, usually at least one other axle, is provided for support on the roadway. In principle, the invention also relates to passenger vehicles with several drive shafts, in particular all-wheel drive vehicles. The described concept of the drive axle can be arranged on both axles or only on one of the two axles in an all-wheel drive vehicle with two axles.

In particular, the invention relates to passenger cars, the body of which is designed to accommodate and protect persons.

Background technique

The design requirements of modern sedans are very high. In the event of a collision, the body must convert as much kinetic energy as possible into deformation work without substantially deforming the passenger compartment. In addition, high rigidity, low vibration tendency and high operating strength are sought for driving operation. In particular, the entire body or parts of the body should not have natural frequencies that are liable to be excited during driving operation. Finally, in the event of damage to the bodywork, it is desirable to make repairs as simple as possible.

In view of the described requirements, monocoque bodies are widely used for passenger cars in practice. In the design and manufacture of modern cars, the body forms a module which, when assembled, is combined with other modules such as the front and rear axles as well as the motor and other mountings. In mass production, the individual modules are usually prefabricated here and assembled one behind the other in a continuous process. For the motor, a motor chamber is provided in the vehicle body, into which the motor is inserted during assembly, and the motor is supported on the body via an elastically deformable motor mount. Supporting the motor mounts in the monocoque by means of elastic motor mounts facilitates the movement of the motor to a certain extent during sudden load changes and keeps vibrations away from the body, which would significantly reduce the comfort of the car.

As a further module, modern passenger cars have a front axle and a rear axle, which each include an axle support fastened to the vehicle body and wheels each connected to the axle support via link arrangements. In the drive shaft, the wheels are connected to the transmission unit through an articulated shaft, which usually includes a speed reducer and a differential. The articulation shaft is provided to transmit the drive power from the motor or transmission to the drive wheels, and the motor and the vehicle drive shaft are connected by the body connected between them.

DE 10 2004 022 242 A1 discloses an axle structure for a passenger car. A car equipped with the described axle structure comprises a body, a motor and an axle. The axle has an axle support connected to the body and two wheels that are movably connected to the axle support at the sides via connecting devices. The connecting device comprises a guide rod device by means of which the wheel can move in a vertical direction relative to the ground so as to allow springing. Furthermore, the connecting device also includes a tie rod arrangement, by means of which the steering angle of the wheels can be adjusted for steering the vehicle. The motor has a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical housing and spans only the middle section of the axle support. A further essential component of the axle support is the component arranged on the end face of the housing, by means of which the axle support can be fastened to the body and the connecting device can be fastened to the housing. It is also advantageous that suitable side members can be used for structurally different vehicle platforms.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the invention is to increase the stability and rigidity of the axle support.

The present invention realizes a kind of car, and it comprises vehicle body, motor and axle shaft, and this axle shaft has an axle support that is connected with vehicle body and two wheels that are movably connected on the axle support respectively through connecting device at side, and wheel can pass through The connecting device is moved by the motor, and the housing of the motor constitutes a transverse bridge for the transmission of lateral forces of the axle support, which is fixed on the vehicle body through the housing of the motor, and the connecting device comprises at least a guide rod device, said The wheels as drive wheels are each driven by a motor via an articulated shaft, the guide rod arrangement is directly supported on the housing of the motor, or directly on a fastening element connected to the motor, and the axle comprises two respectively configured Given the side axle sections of one wheel and including the motor, the housing of the motor is the only transverse bridge between the side axle sections.

Starting from a passenger car with the features described at the outset, this object is solved according to the invention in that the axle carrier is fastened to the body via the motor housing. According to the invention, the motor is integrated in the drive shaft as a supporting and at least transversal force-transmitting component. Whereas in conventional passenger cars the transverse bridges of the axle mounts are only used to form a stable axle, the motor housing according to the invention has a double function. Here, the invention makes use of the knowledge that the motor housing usually has to be inherently strong in order to accommodate the internal combustion engine or the electric machine as the drive of the passenger vehicle. The stability of the housing according to the invention also serves to transmit at least part of the lateral forces acting on the axle support. The described solution can be used not only for the front drive shaft but also for the rear drive shaft. According to the invention, the housing serves not only to accommodate the motor but also to fasten the entire axle support to the vehicle body. The invention therefore proposes the teaching of providing a special housing shape which also takes into account the mechanical requirements for the fastening. Higher stability and rigidity are achieved based on the one-piece design by constructing the housing as a solid support member. Overall, the number of parts to be connected to each other is reduced, so that potential weak points are also avoided. Although the one-piece design based on the housing makes the manufacture of the housing itself more difficult, it also reduces the installation costs overall. According to the invention, a modular construction is deliberately omitted in order to achieve better mechanical properties. In motor vehicles, the traction drive or servo drive may be connected to the body via elastic connecting elements in the form of mounts, dampers or the like in order to prevent the transmission of noise and vibrations from the motor drive to the passenger compartment of the body. According to DE 10 2004 022 242 A1, the motor housing is separated from the body at least by side elements. On the contrary, the present invention provides the teaching of fastening the housing directly to the body, where the transmission of noise and vibrations can optionally be suppressed by other measures.

Starting from a conventional axle bearing with a front transverse bridge and a rear transverse bridge, at least one of the two transverse bridges can be dispensed with by the support of the transverse forces provided according to the invention by the motor housing. The omission of one of the two transverse axles is particularly suitable when the motor is subsequently integrated into the drive axle as a module of the car in an existing vehicle concept. Regardless of whether a further transverse bridge is provided, the entire axle support is always fastened to the body via the housing.

The invention is particularly suitable for integrating an electric motor, since the electric motor can be arranged in a compact robust housing. In principle, however, it is also possible to integrate the internal combustion engine into the drive shaft according to the solution of the invention, in which case the engine block forms the motor housing.

The described motor can be the sole drive motor or an auxiliary motor of the car. The concept described is particularly suitable for vehicles with a hybrid drive, in which the motor integrated in the axle is an electric motor and can be used as an auxiliary motor or as the sole drive motor, depending on the situation. In hybrid vehicles, the drive is preferably exclusively by the electric motor in urban areas and on short distances, with the internal combustion engine switched in or used as the sole drive source on long distances or at high speeds. Installation space is minimized by integrating the electric motor into the axle. This is particularly advantageous in hybrid vehicles, since the battery also takes up further installation space that could otherwise be used for the luggage compartment or the passenger compartment. When setting up a purely electric drive, one or both axles can be equipped with an integrated motor. The advantage of an electric motor is that it can be used as a generator during braking to recover energy. In addition to purely electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, the following options are also possible: the internal combustion engine is not used for direct drive but is used for generating electricity by a generator, the electrical energy obtained is used directly for the electric motor or temporarily stored in a battery. This technology is also called "range extension technology".

In the case of a design as an electric motor, the electric motor can be designed, for example, as an asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor or as a synchronous motor with electrical excitation or permanent magnet excitation. Suitable for air cooling and/or water cooling. It can be provided within the scope of the invention that the axle comprises two side axle sections each assigned to a drive wheel and includes the motor, the motor housing being the only transverse bridge between the side axle sections. This solution completely dispenses with the usual concept of frame-shaped axle bearings, in which all lateral forces acting on the drive axle are dissipated via the motor housing.

The motor is located on the connecting line between the two drive wheels in a top view of the axle, that is, in the mounted vehicle in a view perpendicular to the roadway, so that the motor housing acts as a transverse bridge to transmit most of the transverse forces acting on the axle support. force, or transmit all lateral forces acting on the shaft support in the absence of other beams.

A further simplification can be achieved in that the link arrangement is supported directly on the motor housing or directly on a fastening element connected to the motor, respectively. If the link arrangement is designed as a multilink, the individual links of the multilink are connected directly to the motor housing at a plurality of points spaced apart from one another.

According to the invention, the motor is provided for transmitting at least some transverse forces acting on the axle carrier. However, due to the stable construction of the housing, the housing can also be used to transmit longitudinal forces, since the entire axle is supported on the body via the motor housing.

Regardless of the fastening of the axle to the body, the drive wheels are usually supported via spring/damping arrangements, in this case directly on the body via vibration-damping struts. It is advantageous here that the position of the motor integrated in the axle is precisely fixed relative to the body, disregarding torsion of the body or movement at the fastening point (for example in rubber bearings).

Within the scope of the invention, the axles are generally fastened to the underside of the vehicle body, in this case to support longitudinal members of the vehicle body.

Regardless of the configuration as an internal combustion engine or as an electric motor, the motor housing can have a differential and/or a transmission. The differential is used to achieve different speeds of the driven wheels when cornering, and the transmission is used to realize the conversion of torque and speed between the drive unit and the output unit. All known transmission types are suitable here, such as dual clutch transmissions, automatic transmissions, stepped transmissions, electronically controlled variable transmissions or continuously variable transmissions.

However, solutions without a transmission and/or a differential are also conceivable, especially in the case of electric motors. For example, it can be provided that the electric motor has two rotors accommodated in a housing and controllable independently of one another, which are each assigned to a drive wheel. In order to be able to control separately, two separate stators must also be provided in the housing. By controlling the two independent rotors accordingly, the function of the differential can be simulated electronically, which leads to further simplification and weight reduction. Possibility of control on bad roads such as snow and ice is better than common differentials.

The drive axle with integrated motor is a semi-rigid axle or preferably an axle with an independent suspension, wherein the link arrangement can in particular be a transverse link connected to a MacPherson suspension, a double link or a longitudinal link and cross-guide multi-guide. The solution according to the invention basically does not limit the choice of guide rod arrangement.

The subject of the invention is also a car module for the car according to the invention, which module comprises an axle support which can be fixed on the body and two wheels which are movably connected to the axle support at the sides respectively by connecting means Bearing, the housing of the motor forms a transverse bridge for the transmission of lateral forces of the axle bearing, and the wheel bearing of the drive wheel can be moved by the motor via the connecting device, said axle bearing is configured for passing through the housing of the motor fixed on the body. During the assembly of the car, the described car module is fastened as a prefabricated unit to the body via the housing. Furthermore, the drive wheel itself, ie the rim with the tire mounted thereon, is fixed on the wheel carrier of the drive wheel. For a preferred embodiment of the car module, see the above description of the car according to the invention.

Description of drawings

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawings showing only the embodiments. The accompanying drawings are as follows:

Fig. 1 is the rear drive shaft of a car;

Figure 2 is the front axle of a car.

detailed description

Figure 1 shows a car module in the form of an axle. The axle is fastened to the body of the car, and the axle—in this embodiment, the rear drive shaft—consists of an intermediate shaft support 1 and two motor drives that are connected to the axle support at the sides via guide rod devices 2, respectively. 3 drive wheels driven respectively via an articulated shaft 4. For the sake of clarity, only the wheel carrier 5 of the drive wheel with its hub and brake disc is shown in FIG. 1 , to which the drive wheel is bolted with its rim and its tire.

According to the invention, the housing 6 of the motor 3 is the transverse force-transmitting transverse bridge of the axle bearing 1 . The motor 3 with its housing 6 serves as the only element provided for transmitting lateral forces, and the link arrangement 2 is each directly supported on the motor housing. It can also be seen that the entire passenger car module is bolted to the body on the housing 6 of the motor 3 , so that not only lateral forces but also all longitudinal forces are supported on the housing 6 .

Figure 2 shows the front axle of a car. Accordingly, within the scope of the invention, the steering gear can also be integrated into the housing 106 , which accommodates the motor 103 as drive for the steering actuator and can also contain a differential or a reduction gear.

According to FIG. 2 , the fastening of the axle support 1 is also carried out via the housing 106 . In addition, a frame 7 with side longitudinal supports 8 and a rear transverse bridge 9 is provided for reinforcement. The transverse forces are absorbed here not only by the housing 106 but also by the transverse bridge 9 . In this exemplary embodiment, the motor 3 for driving the wheels is also arranged in the housing 106 in addition to the motor 103 as a drive for the steering actuator.

Depending on the driver's steering specification, the tie rod 100 is moved in its longitudinal direction by means of the drive energy of the motor 103 for the steering actuator, while the wheels 105 are turned into the desired position.

According to a common construction, the car module also includes a shock absorbing strut 11 for supporting and damping the drive wheels relative to the body and includes a stabilizer 12 .

Claims (9)

1. car, which includes vehicle body, motor (3,103) and axletree, the axletree have a shaft stool being connected with vehicle body (1) and Two are movably coupled with the wheel on shaft stool by attachment means respectively in side, and wheel can pass through via attachment means Motor (3,103) is moved, and the housing (6,106) of motor (3,103) constitutes the horizontal of the transmission cross force of shaft stool (1) Bridge, the shaft stool (1) are fixed on vehicle body by the housing (6,106) of motor (3), and the attachment means at least include guide rod Device (2), the wheel are driven by motor (3) by a jointed shaft (4) respectively as driving wheel, the guide rod device (2) It is supported directly on the housing (6) of motor (3), or is supported directly on the tightening member being connected on motor, and the car Axle includes that two are respectively configured the side axletree section to a wheel and including the motor (3,103), motor (3,103) Housing (6,106) be unique horizontal bridge between the side axletree section.

2. car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the guide rod device (2) is configured to a horizontal guide rod or more than Guide rod.

3. the car according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the attachment means at least include track rod device (100), the wheel can be adjusted by motor (103) by track rod device (100) in terms of its orientation.

4. the car according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the motor (3,103) is in the top view of axletree On connecting line between two wheels and the overwhelming majority is transmitted as horizontal bridge act on the cross force of shaft stool (1) or all Act on the cross force of shaft stool (1).

5. the car according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the motor (3,103) is electro-motor.

6. car according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the electro-motor is contained in housing (6,106) with two , the rotor that can be controlled independently of one another, the rotor is respectively configured to a wheel.

7. the car according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that differential mechanism and/or speed changer are accommodated in housing (6,106).

8. the car according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that on the axletree is fixed on the downside of vehicle body.

9. car module, for the car according to one of claim 1 to 8, the car module includes that can be fixed on a vehicle body On shaft stool (1) and two be movably coupled with the wheel bearing on shaft stool (1) respectively by attachment means in side (5), the housing (6,106) of motor (3,103) constitutes the horizontal bridge of the transmission cross force of shaft stool (1), and the car of driving wheel Wheeling support (5) can be moved by motor (3,103) via attachment means respectively, it is characterised in that shaft stool (1) construction Into for being fixed on vehicle body by the housing (6,106) of motor (3,103).