CN103942069B - A kind of quick starting guide method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems - Google Patents
A kind of quick starting guide method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of quick starting guide method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems of the present invention, comprises the following steps, 1）BIOS performs step；POST is carried out after computer power-up start successively, Initialize installation performs resident program, the INT19 file start bootstrap routines in calling system；The Vxworks files in system are directly read after startup bootstrap routine and parsed, computer operational mode is then switched to protected mode from real pattern, and the data and code after document analysis are loaded into the memory address specified respectively；2）Vxworks loads starting step；Jumped to after data and code loaded and start to perform at the corresponding memory address e_entry of ELF format file header, be loaded directly into start-up operation system, perform application program.The present invention changes in the prior art by bootrom come the method for loading system, and the startup time was shorten to 3 seconds by 20 30 seconds.
Description
Technical field
It is specially a kind of to be based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems the invention belongs to the start-up technique field of operating system
Quick starting guide method.
Background technology
Vxworks operating systems are a kind of embedded real-time behaviour that WindRiver companies of the U.S. design and develop in nineteen eighty-three
Make system（RTOS）, it is the key components of embedded-development environment.Good sustainable development capacity, high performance kernel with
And the User Exploitation environment of close friend, occupy one seat in embedded real-time operating system field.It is with its good reliability
The high-quality precision and sophisticated technologies such as communication, military affairs, Aeronautics and Astronautics are widely used in remarkable real-time and requirement of real-time is high
In field, such as satellite communication, military exercises, trajectory guidance, aircraft navigation.Vxworks operating systems have good reliability,
Its system expense very little in itself simultaneously, the system utility program such as process scheduling, interprocess communication, interrupt processing is concise and have
Effect, the delay that they are caused is very short, and employs priority to the control of task in the multi-task mechanism for providing and seize
（Preemptive Priority Scheduling）And robin scheduling（Round-Robin Scheduling）Mechanism, also fully
Reliable real-time is ensure that, same hardware configuration is met stronger requirement of real-time, be that the exploitation of application leaves more
Big leeway；Appropriate customization and exploitation can also be carried out according to use demand, there is tailorability higher.
In the prior art, as shown in figure 1, common Vxworks system loads flow include BIOS implementation procedures and
Vxworks loads start-up course.Computer power-up start, starts to perform BIOS Booting sequences, including POST（Power-on self-test）, just
Beginningization, execution resident program, startup bootstrap routine reading disk MBR etc..Vxworks loading procedures include bootrom guide with
And vxworks processes are loaded by bootrom.The major function of BIOS includes following several parts in short：1）POST, power-up
Self-inspection, each registers of detection CPU, timing chip, interruption chip, dma controller.2）Initial, Initialize installation, including piece
Act equipment, initialization register, distribution interruption, I/O port, DMA resources.3）Setup, system process is set, and is stored in CMOS,
The setting interface of BIOS is entered into during general start by Del or F2.4）Resident program, including INT10h, INT13h,
INT15h, INT19h etc., there is provided to operating system or application call.5）Start bootstrap routine, by calling INT19h, open
Dynamic bootstrap routine, bootstrap routine will read leader record, loading operation system.
Same Vxworks system starting process starts including BIOS under X86 platforms, reads MBR by BIOS to guide
In the bootrom stages of Vxworks, the systems such as hard disk or network are then loaded by bootrom again, until Vxworks most
Guiding eventually is got up.Vxworks systems are started to from upper electric BIOS in the prior art, is typically about gone back in addition in 20s or so
With good grounds system platform is different may all to cause system start-up time to extend, and also can be caused due to hardware compatibility issue
The startup failure of bootrom guiding Vxworks systems；But when in some particular applications for the startup of operating system
Between and stability requirement it is very strict, it is desirable within 5 seconds, startup method of the prior art cannot be met in very short time
Start and require, and the stability requirement under relatively strong compatibility.
The content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of based on the fast of X86 platform Vxworks operating systems
Fast starting guide method, can greatly shorten the toggle speed of Vxworks operating systems, and avoid due to mainboard and hard
System starts the problem of failure caused by disk compatibility.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The method of the invention comprises the following steps,
1）BIOS performs step；
POST is carried out after computer power-up start successively, Initialize installation performs resident program, in calling system
INT19 file start bootstrap routines；Initialize installation includes enumerating equipment, initialization of register, distribution interruption, I/O port, DMA
Resource and system are set；
Vxworks files in system are directly read after starting bootstrap routine, it is right after Vxworks files to read
Vxworks files are parsed, and judge whether Vxworks files are ELF format, are not that ELF format is then judged as mistake
Vxworks files, and incorrect Vxworks system files are pointed out, and the Tornado instruments carried by system are generated just
True Vxworks system files re-start startup bootstrap routine；It is that ELF format then cuts computer operational mode from real pattern
Protected mode is changed to, and the data and code in the Vxworks files after parsing are loaded into the memory address specified respectively；
2）Vxworks loads starting step；
In step 1）The corresponding memory address e_ of ELF format file header is jumped to after middle data and code loaded
Start to perform at entry, be loaded directly into starting Vxworks operating systems, perform application program.
Preferably, step 1）It is middle when whether judge Vxworks files be ELF format, judge detected Vxworks files
Whether 4 bytes of head are ELF format head 0x464c457f, and it is then ELF format to be, are otherwise judged as the Vxworks texts of mistake
Part.
Preferably, shield detection memory part during POST；The hardware initialization that removal need not be initialized in act equipment,
System removes BIOS interfaces setting steps in setting.
Further, also include using adaptive model when Vxworks systems are Vxworks5.5 systems, in Initialize installation
Netinit step.
Further, the initialization to IDE disk drives is also included in Initialize installation, it comprises the following steps：
A. by the vendor id and device id of IDE controllers, using PCI function in Vxworks5.5 systems
PciFindDevice finds out Bus number, device number and function number, and IDE controls are read further according to Bus number, device number and function number
The register base address and interrupt number of device processed；
B. read register base address by step a to initialize DMA engine, obtain the DMA moulds that IDE controllers are supported
Formula；
C. after completing the acquisition to the DMA mode of IDE controllers support, after modified in Vxworks5.5 systems
IDE drivers realize the initialization to IDE；Described modification includes：（c1）Addition carries out dma operation to IDE controllers
Function, the function of addition includes that DMA complex potential functions, DMA mode obtain function, DMA mode and set function, start and stop DMA
Engine function；（c2）IntConnect functions are revised as pciIntConnect functions；（c3）Modification BSP configuration files are supported
DMA mode, including modification sysLib.c files, call sysAtaSetup (), and modification in sysHwInit ()
Config.h files, DMA fields are replaced with by the PIO word section in config.h files.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technique effect：
The present invention changes the method for having and loading Vxworks systems by bootrom in the prior art, and step is performed in BIOS
In rapid, using the change to INT19 file method of calling, loaded starting by bootrom guiding in bootstrap routine
The process change of Vxworks systems is reading process directly to Vxworks files on disk, optimizes the effect of BIOS execution
Rate, 1s or so is shorten in total 5~10 seconds by prior art, so as to the time of Vxworks systems startup is greatly reduced；One side
Face not only solves and read when causing bootrom to guide due to some mainboards and hard disk compatibility issue bootrom failures, most
Cause the system to start the problem of failure eventually, and solve start bootrom need by disk must subregion for FAT16 forms
Problem, improves adaptability, expands range of application.By the application of correlation technique, Vxworks systems are loaded on X86 platforms
System can be imitated from upper electricity to Vxworks systems are entered into and load and execution application program was shorten to 3 seconds by original 20-30 second
Fruit is substantially, simple to operate and very useful, disclosure satisfy that some system rings extremely strict to system start-up time requirement
Border, while greatly improving the safety and reliability of system startup.
Further, by the contrast simply to ELF format head, it is achieved thereby that efficiently sentencing to Vxworks files
It is disconnected, shorten the time of system loads startup.
Further, by shielding the detection part in initialization procedure to internal memory, and at the beginning of removing unwanted hardware
Beginning process and BIOS set the part at interface, so as to improve the utilization ratio of startup time, reduce internal memory in initialization
The time of equipment is detected and enumerated, the execution efficiency of BIOS greatly improved.
Further, by changing network driver for adaptive model in the present invention, while acquiescence is physically
Connect such that it is able to realize to network initialization procedure, it is to avoid because detecting PHY in network initialization procedure, and according to double
The connection speed of side to the PHY in network chip initialize the time of consuming again again, while saving to Vxworks systems
The spent time is detected to physical connection and waited in system.
Further, by realizing the DMA moulds under Vxworks systems in Initialize installation to IDE disk drives when
Formula is transmitted, and improves the transmission speed of data, the data throughout of bus is enhanced, so as to improve opening for Vxworks systems
Dynamic speed, realizes the further optimization to starting method.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of Vxworks system start methods in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the FB(flow block) of the quick starting guide method of heretofore described Vxworks systems.
Fig. 3 is IDE driving FB(flow block)s in Vxworks5.5 systems.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
As shown in Fig. 2 the present invention reaches the purpose that Vxworks starts the time and shortens dramatically from following optimization method.It is main
If realizing reducing by optimizing BIOS loading Vxworks methods, transformation is just can be found that by the contrast to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
The key component of BIOS is this step of BIOS execution startup bootstrap routines, before optimization, that is, journey of booting in the prior art
Sequence reading disk MBR（Master Boot Record, MBR）After information, loaded by bootrom guiding
Vxworks systems.And be then to directly read the Vxworks files on disk after optimizing, centre eliminates bootrom guide portions
Point.Specific implementation is as follows：
Optimization INT19 interrupt functions.As shown in Fig. 2 the execution of the bootstrap routine before optimization is and performs interrupt INT 19
The process of Interrupt Service Routine INT19_VECT, its major function is that read operation system starts block, is read into internal memory
0000:7C00h, and jump to and perform herein.Optimization is to change this partial code, will read MBR and switchs in reading disk
Vxworks files.Whether Vxworks files are effectively judged first after reading Vxworks files, the method for judgement is
Whether detection 4 bytes of file header are 0x464c457f（ELF format head）, it is not that ELF format is then judged as wrong Vxworks
File, and incorrect Vxworks system files are pointed out, and the Tornado instruments carried by system are generated correctly
Vxworks system files re-start startup bootstrap routine；It is that ELF format is then parsed to ELF format, is needed first after parsing
The pattern that this computer-chronograph runs is switched to protected mode from real pattern, because real pattern only supports 1MB memory sizes, and
Remaining exented memory can not be accessed, so needing to be switched to protected mode.Just can be by data segment and code after switch mode
Section is loaded into the memory address specified respectively.Jumped to after having loaded and start to perform at the address e_entry of ELF file headers,
Vxworks operating systems can thus be directly initiated.So as to eliminate this bootup process of bootrom, greatly speed up
The startup time.By above-mentioned steps, the execution efficiency of BIOS is greatly improved, and 1s or so is shorten to by 5 original~10s.
Preferably, in the BIOS executory POST stages, remove BIOS detection exented memories part, can lead in simple terms
Cross modification source code and mask detection memory part；Remove BIOS to set interface portion code to reduce BIOS run times；The portion
Divide size of code many, so it is significant to remove the part by source code；Modification source code gets rid of some for enumerating the equipment stage
Unwanted hardware initialization.USB functions are not needed in some custom-built systems for example, then can just remove herein, it is therefore an objective to
The time of equipment is enumerated in reduction；After optimization method of the present invention, the time that starts will be shortened by original 20-30 seconds
It is 3 seconds.
When Vxworks systems are Vxworks5.5 systems, by for influenceing toggle speed in vxworks5.5 systems
Key component optimize.
（1）Network-driven optimizes
Generally, PHY can be detected in network initialization procedure, the connection speed according to both sides is again again to network core
PHY in piece is initialized, and whether driver would generally detect physically connect in addition, if now network is not carried out
Physical connection, then driver meeting time delay waits expecting physically to connect.So this is to Vxworks system toggle speeds
Influence is very big.The solution proposed in the present invention is that modification driver is adaptive model, while not in detection physically
Whether connect, that is to say, that think physically to have connected, thus reach the purpose of the network optimization, so as to reduce network-driven
Delay to Vxworks system toggle speeds.
（2）IDE disk drives optimize
IDE（Integrated Drive Electronics, i.e. electronics integrated manipulator）Interface has two kinds of transmission means,
One is PIO（Programming I/O）Pattern, another is DMA（Direct Memory Access）Pattern.PIO patterns
It is divided into 0-4 pattern, as PIO0-PIO4 again.PIO4 prestissimos also just 16.6MB/s, PIO0 is 3.3MB/s.And DMA moulds
Under formula, current Intel popular chipset all supports Ultra DMA33/66, or perhaps ATA100 substantially, most at a high speed
Degree can reach 100MB/s, and it is few to take resource system resource.But popular windows and Linux system are all propped up
DMA mode is held, and PIO patterns are only supported IDE bus drivers at present under the system of VxWorks 5.5, Vxworks5.5 systems are opened
Dynamic speed can have a negative impact.
IDE controllers are all pci interface equipment, so it is considered as into device PCI when initialization.Initialization flow
As shown in Figure 3.
A. first by the vendor id and device id of IDE controllers, using vxworks5.5PCI functions
PciFindDevice finds out Bus number, device number and function number, and IDE controls are being read according to Bus number, device number and function number
The register base address and interrupt number of device processed.Method is as follows：
pciFindDevice(0x8086,0x2828,0,&bus,&dev,&func);
pciConfigInLong(bus,dev,func,0x20,&ioaddr);
pciConfigInLong(bus,dev,func,0x3c,&irq);
B. the register base address for being read by step a initializes DMA engine, obtains the DMA that IDE controllers are supported
Pattern.
C. after the DMA mode for obtaining IDE controllers, the IDE drivers that modification Vxworks5.5 is carried.
c1）Addition correlation carries out the function of dma operation to IDE controllers, mainly there is DMA resets, DMA mode acquisition, DMA
Pattern sets, starts and stops DMA engine.
c2）Should be pciIntConnect functions by intConnect functions.
c3）Configuration BSP and modification BSP associated documents.
c3.1）Modification sysLib.c files, call sysAtaSetup () in sysHwInit ();
c3.2）Modification config.h files,
By #define ATA0_CONFIG (ATA_GEO_CURRENT | ATA_PIO_AUTO | ATA_BITS_16 | ATA_
PIO_MULTI)
It is revised as
#define ATA0_CONFIG(ATA_GEO_CURRENT|ATA_DMA_AUTO|ATA_BITS_16|ATA_DMA_
MULTI)
By #define ATA1_CONFIG (ATA_GEO_CURRENT | ATA_PIO_AUTO | ATA_BITS_16 | ATA_
PIO_MULTI)
It is revised as
#define ATA1_CONFIG(ATA_GEO_CURRENT|ATA_DMA_AUTO|ATA_BITS_16|ATA_DMA_
MULTI)
After IDE disk drives optimize, not using only same IDE electric board, from original 2~3MB/s of storage speed
About 75MB/s is brought up to；And by improving R/W speed of hard disc, so as to accelerate the startup time of Vxworks5.5 systems.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of quick starting guide method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly,
1) BIOS performs step；
POST is carried out after computer power-up start successively, Initialize installation performs resident program, the INT19 texts in calling system
Part starts bootstrap routine；Initialize installation includes enumerating equipment, initialization of register, distribution interruption, I/O port, DMA resources and
System is set；Shield detection memory part during POST；
Vxworks files in system are directly read after starting bootstrap routine, is read after Vxworks files to Vxworks texts
Part is parsed, and judges whether Vxworks files are ELF format, is not the Vxworks files that ELF format is then judged as mistake,
And incorrect Vxworks system files are pointed out, and the Tornado instruments carried by system generate correct Vxworks
System file re-starts startup bootstrap routine；It is that computer operational mode is then switched to protection mould by ELF format from real pattern
Formula, and the data and code in the Vxworks files after parsing are loaded into the memory address specified respectively；
When whether judge Vxworks files be ELF format, judge detected Vxworks file headers 4 bytes whether be
ELF format head 0x464c457f, it is then ELF format to be, is otherwise judged as the Vxworks files of mistake；
2) Vxworks loadings starting step；
In step 1) in jump at the corresponding memory address e_entry of ELF format file header after data and code loaded
Start to perform, be loaded directly into starting Vxworks operating systems, eliminate bootrom leaders, perform application program.
2. a kind of quick starting guide method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by, removal removes BIOS interfaces setting steps without the hardware initialization of initialization in enumerating equipment in system setting.
3. a kind of quick startup based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems according to any one in claim 1-2
Optimization method, it is characterised in that when described Vxworks systems are Vxworks5.5 systems, also includes adopting in Initialize installation
With the netinit step of adaptive model.
4. a kind of quick starting guide method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating systems according to claim 3, its
It is characterised by, the initialization to IDE disk drives is also included in described Initialize installation, and it comprises the following steps：
A. by the vendor id and device id of IDE controllers, using PCI function pciFindDevice in Vxworks5.5 systems
Bus number, device number and function number are found out, the register of IDE controllers is read further according to Bus number, device number and function number
Base address and interrupt number；
B. read register base address by step a to initialize DMA engine, obtain the DMA mode that IDE controllers are supported；
C. after completing the acquisition to the DMA mode of IDE controllers support, driven by modified rear IDE in Vxworks5.5 systems
Dynamic program realizes the initialization to IDE；Described modification includes：(c1) addition carries out the function of dma operation to IDE controllers,
The function of addition includes that DMA complex potential functions, DMA mode obtain function, DMA mode and set function, start and stop DMA engine letter
Number；(c2) intConnect functions are revised as pciIntConnect functions；(c3) modification BSP configuration files support DMA moulds
Formula, including modification sysLib.c files, call sysAtaSetup (), and modification config.h texts in sysHwInit ()
Part, DMA fields are replaced with by the PIO word section in config.h files.
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| CN107025132B (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2020-03-13 | 龙芯中科技术有限公司 | Interrupt configuration method and device |
| CN107301037B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2021-03-30 | 龙芯中科技术股份有限公司 | Loading method and device of operating system kernel |
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