CN103941275A - Method for detecting radon in soil through scintillation chamber method - Google Patents
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- CN103941275A CN103941275A CN201410205436.4A CN201410205436A CN103941275A CN 103941275 A CN103941275 A CN 103941275A CN 201410205436 A CN201410205436 A CN 201410205436A CN 103941275 A CN103941275 A CN 103941275A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting radon in soil through a scintillation chamber method. The method for detecting the radon in soil through the scintillation chamber method uses a multi-point scintillation chamber method to detect the radon in soil, wherein the multi-point scintillation chamber method refers to that two or more detection points are detected simultaneously in the same data detection, it means that two or more punching extraction positions are detected in the same data detection, the distance between each two detection points is 0.5 to 1.5 meters, and the scintillation chamber method detection refers to use a scintillation chamber method radon detector to detect. The multi-point scintillation chamber method for detecting the radon in soil is easy and convenient to operate, high in precision, and lower in minimum detection limit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment measuring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of scintillation chamber method detection Soil Radon.
Background technology
Radon is the unique natural radioactivity inert gas of nature being produced by radium decay, and it does not have color, without any smell yet.First, aerial radon atomic decay product is radon daughter, and under normal temperature, radon daughter can form radioaerosol and contaminated air in air; Be easy to be held back by the respiratory system of human body, and constantly accumulate at regional area, suck for a long time high concentration radon and finally can bring out lung cancer.Secondly,, under the exposure of high concentration radon, can there is the variation of haemocyte in body.In addition, radon endangers larger after having very high affinity, particularly radon to be combined with nervous system to body fat.
Expert studies and shows, radon is the second largest factor that causes lung cancer except smoking, and the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it as one of 19 kinds of main environmental carcinogenesis materials as, and international cancer research institution also thinks that radon is indoor important carcinogen.
In the Soil and Rock that contains uranium, radium, thorium in depths, stratum, contain the radon of high concentration.These radons can enter soil and atmospheric envelope by stratum breaking band.Buildings is built in above stratum, and radon can be diffused in environment along the crack landing.The soil that radon in room air 56% comes under self-housing, 21% from building materials, and 20% from outdoor air, and 2% carrys out self-water-supplying, and 1% from combustion gas.1000 times of radon concentration mean heights in radon in soil concentration ratio hemisphere gas.Therefore, be to protect mankind health, improve the quality of its living environment, need to detect radon in soil content.
Different with detection principle according to gathering, current survey radon method is divided into many types, and conventional Soil Radon detection method has ionization chamber, scintillation chamber method, static collection, solid trace method, active carbon adsorption etc. at present.Wherein, it is the ionizing event to air based on ray that ionization chamber is surveyed radon principle, enters after ionization chamber containing radon gas body, and the ionization current size that the α particle that radon and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted produces is proportional to radon concentration.But in ionization chamber, existing ionization current produces, and has again the compound of electronics and ion; In the time that in ionization chamber, gaseous sample air pressure is in normal pressure, the compound of electronics and ion ignored, and is mainly the ionization current that α particle produces.It is that radon enters behind scintillation chamber that scintillation chamber method is surveyed radon principle, ZnS (Ag) layer that the α particle that radon and daughter disintegration thereof radiate is mapped to scintillation chamber's inwall produces fluorescence, photomultiplier becomes this fluorescence signal into electric pulse, through electronics circuit, electric pulse is amplified, and finally records.Umber of pulse (pulsimeter digit rate) in unit interval is directly proportional to radon concentration, thereby can determine radon concentration.As utility model patent 201120446989 provides a kind of bleeder continuous radon gas detector, it comprise its inwall scribble the hemispheric scintillation chamber of zinc sulfide crystal layer, be arranged on bottom, scintillation chamber cylindrical shell, be connected to the right cylinder base below cylindrical shell, and lead to air intake opening and the gas outlet of scintillation chamber; And in cylindrical shell, be fixed with photomultiplier; Be provided with the electron stream that the collection of photomultiplier transit tube anode is come in right cylinder base inside and amplify the signal processing circuit board of screening, described signal processing circuit board is by high-voltage power supply module, pulse amplifying circuit module and discriminator circuit module composition; Wherein, the output of high-voltage power supply module Yi road connects photomultiplier, the input end of pulse amplifying circuit module connects the signal of photomultiplier output, the discriminator circuit module input that the output terminal of pulse amplifying circuit module connects, and the output terminal of discriminator circuit module is external to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system.Static collection is again static diffusion method, the party's ratio juris is inside and outside sampler chamber, to have radon concentration difference, radon in test environment is drawn in sampler chamber with diffusion mode or by aspiration pump, and before entering sampler chamber, the filter membrane passing through filters existing radon gas ions in gas.Now, the radon decay that enters sampler chamber produces radon daughter, is mainly
218po positive ion is collected on contre electrode under electric field action, by
218po decays and produces α particle, and α particle is detected device and collects, and through electronics circuit shaping, count to get corresponding pulses number, just can determine the radon concentration of gas to be measured by corresponding scale.Solid trace method is to utilize solid state track detector to lean on nitrocellulose look film (being called for short NS look film) to record α-particletrack.It irradiates certain hour, and carries out after suitable etching in the air that contains finite concentration radon, can have track to show.And the cumulative concentration C that Track density S emanates to radon is directly proportional.Utilize this characteristic, only require NS look film to radon, the emanate sensitivity of cumulative concentration is the Track density that unit cumulative concentration produces, just can determine the cumulative concentration that radon was emanated within this period of time interval according to the Track density on NS look film.The principle of active carbon adsorption is that activated charcoal has very strong absorption affinity to radon, and under dry normal temperature, static condition, adsorption efficiency approaches 100%.Under certain condition, the radon gas amount of charcoal absorption is directly proportional to the radon concentration that is adsorbed place.The γ intensity of measuring the decay daughter of the radon on activated charcoal, can reflect the distribution of underground radon concentration.
Different advantage and the shortcomings of the each tool of detection method of above-mentioned these radons.While adopting said method to detect Soil Radon, the method that mostly can adopt punching to bleed obtains radon gas to be measured.But this area also needs a kind of detection method of Soil Radon of excellence, make the data obtained can reflect more truly, accurately and quickly the truth for the treatment of geodetic.
Summary of the invention
In prior art, those skilled in the art know, in several minutes that certain measuring point are carried out to the detection of Soil Radon concentration, As time goes on the radon concentration data of instrument gained is stable substantially, thereby those skilled in the art considered that these data can truly and exactly reflect the radon concentration truth for the treatment of geodetic.But present inventor finds, treats geodetic same, because of the difference between soil texture, make for example at the very big-difference that also can cause radon concentration testing result at a distance of the different punch positions (different measuring points) of 0.5～1.5 meter; Thereby inventor is attempting use multi-measuring point punching continuous air extraction and is solving this problem.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of method that scintillation chamber method detects Soil Radon, wherein, described method is that multi-measuring point scintillation chamber method detects Soil Radon, wherein said multi-measuring point refers to that the measuring point simultaneously detecting in homogeneous Data Detection is two or more, the punching bleed position in homogeneous Data Detection is two or more, and between each measuring point between two at a distance of 0.5～1.5 meter, described scintillation chamber method detects and refers to scintillation chamber method emanometer and detect.
In the present invention, inventor finds through experiment, until between the punching bleed position of geodetic at a distance of 0.5～1.5 meter and when above, can treat the impact of geodetic radon in soil content data size result obviously because of the difference of soil texture.In addition, in the present invention, those skilled in the art hold intelligible, and described scintillation chamber method emanometer can be scintillation chamber method emanometer arbitrarily in prior art, for example, obtain this instrument by being purchased.
In a concrete embodiment, the measuring point number of described multi-measuring point is 3～5.Those skilled in the art hold intelligibly, when in the time that the soil texture difference of geodetic is obviously larger, and the measuring point of selecting more number preferably; And when the soil texture difference that treat geodetic hour, the suitable measuring point of selecting less number.Generally, preferred measuring point number is 3～5.
In one embodiment, between described multi-measuring point, form equilateral, be preferably equilateral triangle or the square of 0.8～1.2 meter of the length of side.
In a kind of concrete embodiment of the present invention, scintillation chamber, photomultiplier, follower, shaping circuit, single track, high pressure, power management, single-chip microcomputer and storer that described scintillation chamber method emanometer comprises pump bowl, drying tower, inlet and exhausr port.In a kind of concrete embodiment, between described drying tower and the air intake opening of described scintillation chamber, be flexibly connected with hose therein; Use hose to be flexibly connected herein, can make the instrument maintenance step (remove in instrument from the gas in soil) after rinsing step (the external gas of non-soil gas is removed in flushing) and the detection before detecting more convenient.
In the concrete embodiment of another kind of the present invention, the each measuring point correspondence in described multi-measuring point arranges a sampling thief, and is all flexibly connected with hose between each sampling thief and the pump bowl of described scintillation chamber method emanometer.Those skilled in the art hold intelligible, although connection herein can be to be fixedly connected with, change the number of measuring point in multi-measuring point, thereby more preferably use hose to be flexibly connected for more convenient.
Multi-measuring point scintillation chamber method mensuration Soil Radon provided by the invention is easy and simple to handle, accuracy is high, detection limit is lower.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram that in the present invention, multi-measuring point scintillation chamber method detects Soil Radon.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is provided in the present invention, and the present invention is further elaborated and explanation, but scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.The variation that those skilled in the art can easily make it and amendment, all belong to category of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
One, pick-up unit:
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, provide a kind of concrete scintillation chamber method to detect the device of Soil Radon.Wherein, in this device, comprise 3 for being placed on the sampling thief of 3 different punching measuring points, 3 sampling thiefs are all connected with the pump bowl of scintillation chamber method emanometer with hose, while making the air pump startup in scintillation chamber method emanometer, pump bowl can be sent into the gas in these 3 sampling thiefs in (scintillation chamber method emanometer carries) drying tower simultaneously, wherein between pump bowl and drying tower, is connected to fix pipeline.Can be admitted to by the connection of hose the instrument air intake opening of scintillation chamber method emanometer through dried gas.Scintillation chamber method emanometer in the present invention can be commercially available, in a concrete embodiment, described scintillation chamber method emanometer at least comprises scintillation chamber, photomultiplier, follower, shaping circuit, single track, high pressure, power management, single-chip microcomputer and the storer of pump bowl, drying tower, inlet and exhausr port as shown in Figure 1.
This detection method is taking scintillation chamber method as basis, with the air pump in scintillation chamber method emanometer, the while of the gas containing the radon drying tower of multiple measuring points is filtered to vapour and suck scintillation chamber, the α particle of radon and daughter transmitting thereof makes ZnS (Ag) column in scintillation chamber produce flash of light, photomultiplier becomes this smooth signal into electric pulse again, the control being made up of single-chip microcomputer, radon pulse amplification, the shaping that metering circuit is exported detector, carry out timer counter.Umber of pulse in unit interval is directly proportional to radon concentration, thereby determines the concentration of radon in soil.
Two, detecting step:
1, punching: need to select multi-measuring point according to what measure, in the present embodiment being is 3 measuring points treating that geodetic selects three summits of the equilateral triangle that a length of side is 1m.Adopting diameter at each measuring point place is 20cm and the punching of the long drill rod for 80cm, and the degree of depth in hole is for example 70cm.After pore-forming, for preventing that micronic dust soil is drawn in instrument, leachy head sampling thief should be wrapped to cotton yarn or fiber, then insert in the hole of accomplishing fluently rapidly, optimum at this is that 3 measuring points insert simultaneously.And sampling thief is carrying out airtight (in whole testing process, keeping air-tight state herein) near earth's surface place always, allow atmosphere enter in hole when avoiding bleeding.
2, sampling: first, hose between sampling thief and pump bowl connects, and hose between drying tower and instrument air intake opening disconnects, open air pump, make the pump bowl 2～3min that bleeds, external gas getting rid of in sampling thief, in hose that sampling thief is connected with pump bowl, wherein makes external gas wherein negligible because being full of drying agent in drying tower.After the step of getting rid of external gas finishes, the other end of drying tower is connected with instrument air intake opening with hose, continue to bleed 5～10min (in this section with air pump detection time, air intake opening in scintillation chamber is identical with the gas speed of flowing through in exhausr port), described scintillation chamber method emanometer is the radon concentration in continuous detecting soil to be measured in this 5～10min.
3, measure: gas enters scintillation chamber, the α particle of radon and daughter transmitting thereof makes ZnS (Ag) column in scintillation chamber produce flash of light, photomultiplier becomes this smooth signal into electric pulse again, the control, the metering circuit that are formed by single-chip microcomputer, radon pulse amplification, the shaping of detector output, carry out timer counter, the radon concentration in the gas of the umber of pulse in the unit interval and the air pump suction in scintillation chamber method detector is directly proportional, thereby determines the concentration of radon in soil.
4, exhaust: measuring process pulls out the hose connecting between drying tower and instrument air intake opening while end soon, make instrument suction air, thus will remain in instrument from the gas discharge in soil, make the serviceable life of instrument can be longer.
Three, testing result:
The testing result at the 70cm place, depths, stratum to somewhere is known, and reading this radon in soil gas concentration from above-mentioned multi-measuring point scintillation chamber method emanometer is 20000Bq/m
3.
Comparative example 1
Pick-up unit in comparative example 1 is similar to embodiment 1, but only has a sampling thief to be connected with pump bowl, corresponding, the detection of bleeding of punching of some measuring points of also only treating geodetic.Same, the detecting step in comparative example 1 is also almost identical with embodiment 1.But be 18000Bq/m to the same testing result for the treatment of geodetic in comparative example 1
3.
Can find out from above-described embodiment, the air inflow in method of the present invention in scintillation chamber method emanometer air intake opening is stable, the radon concentration data stabilization of gained in whole testing process.Compared with single measuring point in comparative example, in the present invention, the same diverse location that detects ground is punched respectively measuring point is set, radon concentration in total gas of extracting out from multiple punching measuring points is detected simultaneously, make the data obtained more can truly and exactly reflect the truth of the radon concentration on this detection ground.In addition, inventor also passes through verification experimental verification and is surprised to find that, the detection limit in the present invention is improved, and wherein, in embodiment 1, the radon gas of detection method is limited to <380Bq/m under detecting
3, and radon gas in comparative example 1 is limited to <400Bq/m under detecting
3.
Generally speaking, on the one hand, multi-measuring point scintillation chamber method in the present invention detects Soil Radon and has clear superiority compared with detecting Soil Radon with the single measuring point scintillation chamber method in comparative example 1.On the other hand, even if use the single measuring point scintillation chamber method Soil Radon detector in comparative example 1 to carry out 3 detections to different punch position (different measuring points), again 3 testing results are averaged as net result, the present invention also can have many advantages compared with such scheme, one is only need to do one-time detection in the present invention, and this has simplified operation steps; Another data that are the method in the present invention obtains can reflect the Soil Radon concentration for the treatment of geodetic more true and accurately.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a scintillation chamber method detection Soil Radon, it is characterized in that, described method is that multi-measuring point scintillation chamber method detects Soil Radon, wherein said multi-measuring point refers to that the measuring point simultaneously detecting in homogeneous Data Detection is two or more, the punching bleed position in homogeneous Data Detection is two or more, and between each measuring point,, between two at a distance of 0.5～1.5 meter, described scintillation chamber method detection refers to scintillation chamber method emanometer and detects.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the measuring point number of described multi-measuring point is 3～5.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described multi-measuring point, forms equilateral, is preferably equilateral triangle or the square of 0.8～1.2 meter of the length of side.
4. according to the method described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that scintillation chamber, photomultiplier, follower, shaping circuit, single track, high pressure, power management, single-chip microcomputer and storer that described scintillation chamber method emanometer comprises pump bowl, drying tower, inlet and exhausr port.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, between described drying tower and the air intake opening of described scintillation chamber, is flexibly connected with hose.
6. according to the method described in any one in claim 1～5, it is characterized in that, the each measuring point correspondence in described multi-measuring point arranges a sampling thief, and is all flexibly connected with hose between each sampling thief and the pump bowl of described scintillation chamber method emanometer.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109444946A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 中核控制系统工程有限公司 | A kind of intelligence radon thorium analyzer |
| CN110082813A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 太原理工大学 | One kind rock under uniaxial tension experiment discharges radon measurement device |
| CN110988973A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-10 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Correction method for non-equilibrium daughter interference in thorium emanation measurement |
| CN111413726A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-14 | 湖北大秦维康检验测试认证有限公司 | Radon detector and calibration method thereof |
| CN111538063A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-14 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Device and method for monitoring radon in free state in infusion tube |
| CN111551402A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-18 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Infusion tube free-state gas radon gas collection device |
| CN111812700A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-23 | 中核武汉核电运行技术股份有限公司 | γ-β composite detection device |
| CN113341448A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 青海省核工业核地质研究院(青海省核工业检测试验中心) | Portable radon measuring instrument for detecting radon concentration in air of public place |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109444946A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 中核控制系统工程有限公司 | A kind of intelligence radon thorium analyzer |
| CN110082813A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 太原理工大学 | One kind rock under uniaxial tension experiment discharges radon measurement device |
| CN110988973A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-10 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Correction method for non-equilibrium daughter interference in thorium emanation measurement |
| CN110988973B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2023-06-27 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | A correction method for non-equilibrium daughter interference in thoron measurement |
| CN111413726A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-14 | 湖北大秦维康检验测试认证有限公司 | Radon detector and calibration method thereof |
| CN111413726B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2023-11-28 | 湖北大秦维康检验测试认证有限公司 | Radon measuring instrument and calibration method thereof |
| CN111538063A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-14 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Device and method for monitoring radon in free state in infusion tube |
| CN111551402A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-18 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Infusion tube free-state gas radon gas collection device |
| CN111551402B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-09-08 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Free state gas radon collecting device of infusion tube |
| CN111812700A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-23 | 中核武汉核电运行技术股份有限公司 | γ-β composite detection device |
| CN113341448A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 青海省核工业核地质研究院(青海省核工业检测试验中心) | Portable radon measuring instrument for detecting radon concentration in air of public place |
| CN113341448B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-08-15 | 青海省核工业核地质研究院(青海省核工业检测试验中心) | Portable radon measuring instrument for detecting radon concentration in air in public place |
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Application publication date: 20140723 |