CN103930416B - 作为激酶抑制剂的苄腈衍生物 - Google Patents
作为激酶抑制剂的苄腈衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103930416B CN103930416B CN201280043591.XA CN201280043591A CN103930416B CN 103930416 B CN103930416 B CN 103930416B CN 201280043591 A CN201280043591 A CN 201280043591A CN 103930416 B CN103930416 B CN 103930416B
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- benzonitrile
- pyrazoles
- tetrahydropyran
- epoxide
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I化合物,其中R1、R2、X和Y具有在权利要求1中指出的含义,所述化合物是TBK1和IKKε的抑制剂,并且尤其可以用于治疗癌症和炎症性疾病。
Description
背景技术
本发明的目的是,发现具有有价值的性质的新化合物,特别是可用于制备药剂的那些。
本发明涉及能够抑制一种或多种激酶的苄腈化合物。该化合物用于治疗大量疾病,包括癌症、感染性休克、原发性开角型青光眼(Primary open Angle Glaucoma-POAG)、增生、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病、骨关节炎、子宫内膜异位症、慢性炎症和/或神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默氏病。
本发明涉及在抑制、调节和/或调制受体激酶的信号转导中发挥作用的化合物和化合物的用途,还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物用于治疗激酶诱发的疾病的用途。
因为蛋白激酶调节几乎所有的细胞过程,包括代谢、细胞增殖、细胞分化和细胞存活、对不同疾病情况的治疗干预而言它们均是有吸引力的目标。例如,细胞周期控制和在其中蛋白激酶发挥关键作用的血管生成,伴随大量疾病情况如癌症、炎症性疾病、异常血管生成并因此与疾病,动脉粥样疾病硬化、黄斑变性、糖尿病、肥胖症和疼痛相关联出现的细胞进程,但不限于此。
本发明具体涉及在抑制、调节和/或调制TBK1和IKKε的信号转导中发挥作用的化合物和化合物的用途。
起细胞调节作用的主要机制之一是通过细胞外信号跨膜转导,该信号又调制在细胞中的生化途径。蛋白磷酸化表示细胞内信号从分子传播到分子,最终导致细胞响应的进程。这些信号转导级联被高度调节并经常重叠,如由许多蛋白激酶和磷酸酶的存在表明的。蛋白质的磷酸化主要发生在丝氨酸-、苏氨酸-或酪氨酸残基中,并因此将蛋白激酶根据其磷酸化位点的特异性,即丝氨酸-/苏氨酸-激酶和酪氨酸-激酶激酶分类。因为磷酸化是细胞中的一种普遍的过程和因为细胞表型绝大部分受该途径的活性影响,所以现在认为大量的疾病情况和/或疾病可归因于激酶级联的分子组成中的异常活化或功能突变。因此,相当重视蛋白质和能够调制其活性的化合物的表征(综述文章参见:Weinstein-Oppenheimer等人Pharma. &. Therap., 2000, 88, 229-279)。
IKKε和TBK1是彼此高度同源的且与其它IkB激酶高度同源的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶。这2种激酶在先天性免疫系统中起整合作用。双链RNA-病毒Toll-样受体3和4以及RNA-解旋酶RIG-I和MDA-5识别,并导致TRIF-TBK1/IKKε-IRF3信号级联的激活,这导致I型干扰素应答。
在2007年,Boehm和同事将IKKε描述为新的乳腺癌癌基因[J.S. Boehm等人, Cell129, 1065-1079, 2007]。研究了354种激酶与MAPK激酶Mek的激活形式一起重演Ras-转化表型的能力。在这里将IKKε鉴别为协作致癌基因。另外,该作者能够证实,IKBKE在众多乳腺癌细胞系和肿瘤样品中存在扩增和过表达。借助于RNA干扰来减少乳腺癌细胞中的基因表达会诱导细胞凋亡和减少其增殖。Eddy和同事在2005年得到了类似的发现,该发现强调了IKKε在乳腺癌疾病中的重要性[S.F.Eddy等人, Cancer Res. 2005; 65 (24), 11375-11383]。
在2006年首次报道了TBK1的促肿瘤发生效应。在包含251,000种cDNA的基因文库的筛选中,Korherr等人同样鉴别出3种基因TRIF、TBK1和IRF3,它们通常作为促血管生成因子涉入先天性免疫防御[C.Korherr等人, PNAS, 103, 4240-4245, 2006]。在2006年,Chien和同事[Y.Chien等人, Cell 127, 157-170, 2006] 公开称,使用致癌Ras仅可有条件地转化TBK1-/- 细胞,这使人想到TBK1在Ras介导的转化中的涉入。此外,他们能够证实,RNAi介导的TBK1的击倒会触发MCF-7和Panc-1细胞的细胞凋亡。Barbie和同事最近公开称,TBK1在众多具有突变的K-Ras的癌细胞系中至关重要,这使人想到,TBK1干预可以在相应肿瘤中具有治疗重要性[D.A.Barbie等人, Nature Letters 1-5, 2009]。
由蛋白激酶引起的疾病的特征在于,这样的蛋白激酶的异常活性或活性过高。异常活性涉及:(1)在通常不表达这些蛋白激酶的细胞中的表达;(2)增加的激酶表达,其导致不希望的细胞增殖如癌症;(3)增加的激酶活性,其导致不希望的细胞增殖如癌症和/或导致相应蛋白激酶活性过高。活性过高涉及:编码某种蛋白激酶的基因的扩增,或者产生可以与细胞增殖疾病相关的活性水平(即,细胞增殖疾病的一种或多种症状的严重程度随激酶水平的增加而增加)。蛋白激酶的生物利用度还可能受到该激酶的结合蛋白组的存在与否的影响。
IKKε和TBK1是高度同源的丝氨酸/苏氨酸-激酶,它们通过诱导I型干扰素和其它细胞因子在先天性免疫应答中起决定性作用。这些激酶作为对病毒/细菌感染的应答被激发。抗原如细菌脂多糖(LPS)、病毒双链RNA(dsRNA)结合在Toll-样受体上,随后激活TBK1-途径属于对病毒和细菌感染的免疫应答。激活的TBK1和IKKε磷酸化的IRF3和IRF7,这触发调节干扰素的转录因子的二聚化和核转位,这最终诱导导致产生IFN的信号级联。
最近也将IKKε和TBK1与癌症相关联。已证明,IKKε与激活的MEK协作用于转化人细胞。此外,IKKε经常在乳腺癌细胞系和源自患者的肿瘤中扩增/过表达。TBK1在含氧量低的条件下被诱导并在许多实体瘤中以显著水平表达。因此,为促进致癌的Ras-转化,TBK1是必需的,并且TBK1-激酶活性在经转化的细胞中增加且对于其在培养物中的存活而言是必需的。同样已发现,在KRAS-基因突变的肿瘤中TBK1-和NF-kB信号给出是重要的。TBK1已被确定为致癌KRAS的合成致死参与物。
文献:
Y.-H.Ou等人, Molecular Cell 41, 458-470, 2011;
D.A. Barbie等人, Nature, 1-5, 2009。
WO2011/046970 A1中描述了TBK1-和/或IKKε抑制剂用于治疗各种疾病的用途,所述疾病如类风湿性关节炎(RA)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、干燥综合征、Aicardi-Goutières综合征冻疮样狼疮、视网膜血管病变和脑性脑白质营养不良(RVCL)、全身性硬化症、肌炎、银屑病、慢性阻塞性肺病(CPD)、炎性肠病(IBD)、肥胖症、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病(NIDDM)、代谢综合征、癌症疾病。
因此,本发明的化合物或其可药用盐用于治疗癌症,包括实体癌(例如肺、胰腺、甲状腺、膀胱或结肠的癌)、骨髓病(例如骨髓性白血病)或腺瘤(例如绒毛状结肠腺癌)。
肿瘤还包括单核细胞白血病、脑癌、泌尿生殖系统癌、淋巴系统癌、胃癌、喉癌和肺癌(包括肺腺癌和小细胞肺癌)、胰腺癌和/或乳腺癌。
所述化合物还可用于治疗HIV-1(1型人免疫缺陷病毒)引起的免疫缺陷。
下述疾病被认为是癌症样过度增殖疾病:脑癌、肺癌、鳞状上皮癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肝癌、肾癌、结肠直肠癌、乳腺癌、头癌、颈癌、食道癌、妇科癌、甲状腺癌、淋巴瘤、慢性白血病和急性白血病。具体而言,癌症样细胞生长是代表本发明的靶标的疾病。因此,本发明的主题是在所提及的疾病的治疗和/或预防中用作药剂和/或药剂活性成分的根据本发明的化合物,和根据本发明的化合物用于制备用于所述疾病的治疗和/或预防的药物的用途,以及所述疾病的治疗方法,包括向需要这种给药的患者给予一种或多种根据本发明的化合物。
可以证明,根据本发明的化合物具有抗增殖作用。给患有过度增殖疾病的患者施用根据本发明的化合物,例如用于抑制肿瘤生长,用于减轻与淋巴增生性疾病相关的炎症,用于抑制移植排斥或由组织修复造成的神经损伤等。本化合物可用于预防或治疗目的。本文所用的术语“治疗”用于表示预防疾病和治疗已有症状。通过在产生显性疾病之前施用根据本发明的化合物、实现对增殖/存活的预防、例如用于预防肿瘤生长。或者,该化合物用于通过稳定或改善患者的临床症状来治疗持续性疾病。
宿主或患者可以属于任何哺乳动物物种,例如灵长类动物,特别是人类;啮齿动物,包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠;兔子;马、牛、狗、猫等。动物模型对实验研究有意义,其中它们为人类疾病的治疗提供模型。
通过体外测试,可以确定特定细胞对用根据本发明的化合物处理的易感性。通常将细胞培养物用根据本发明的化合物在不同的浓度下温育一段足够长的时间,常常在约1小时至1周之间,以使活性剂能诱导细胞死亡或抑制细胞增殖、细胞活力或迁移。可以使用从活组织检查样品培养得到的细胞用于体外试验。然后确定处理后残留的细胞的量。
剂量根据所用的具体化合物、具体疾病、患者状态等而改变。治疗剂量通常足以显著地减少靶组织中不希望的细胞群体,而同时维持患者的生存力。通常继续治疗直到细胞负荷已经产生显著的降低,例如降低至少约50%,并且可以继续治疗直到在体内基本上不再检测到不希望的细胞。
存在很多伴随细胞增殖和细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)的失调而出现的疾病。感兴趣的疾病包括但不限于下述的那些。根据本发明的化合物可用于治疗一系列不同的疾病,其中平滑肌细胞和/或炎症细胞增殖和/或迁移进入血管内膜层中,导致该血管的血流受限,例如在新生内膜闭塞性病变的情况下。感兴趣的闭塞性移植物血管疾病包括动脉粥样硬化、移植后冠状血管疾病、静脉移植狭窄、吻合口周围假体再狭窄(peri-anastomotischeProsthesenrestenose)、血管成形术或支架置入后再狭窄等。
另外,根据本发明的化合物可用于在某些现有的癌症化学治疗和放射治疗中以实现叠加或协同作用,和/或以恢复某些现有的癌症化学治疗和放射治疗的效力。
表述“方法”是指工作方式、手段、技术和程序,以完成给定的任务,其包括但不限于,本领域技术人员在化学、药理学、生物学、生物化学和医学领域已知的或可以由他们容易地从已知的工作方式、手段、技术和程序开发的那些工作方式、手段、技术和程序。
表述“施用”,如这里所使用的,是指用以如此结合本发明的化合物和目标激酶的方法,使得所述化合物能够直接地,即通过与激酶本身的相互作用影响该激酶的酶活性,或间接地,即通过与依赖于该激酶的催化活性的其它分子的相互作用影响该激酶的酶活性。如这里所使用的,给药可以在体外,即在试管中,或在体内,即在活体的细胞或组织中进行。
表述“治疗”在这里包括终止、大幅抑制、减缓或逆转疾病或紊乱的进程,大幅改善疾病或紊乱的临床症状或大幅阻止疾病或紊乱的临床症状的发生。
相反,表述“预防”在这里是指防止生物体获得紊乱或疾病的方法。
本发明中使用的任意化合物的治疗有效量,这里也被称为治疗有效剂量,可以借助细胞培养测定初步计算。例如,可以在动物模型中拟定剂量,以获得包括如在细胞培养物所确定的IC 50或IC100的循环浓度范围。此信息可用于更准确地确定可用于人类的剂量。初始剂量也可由体内数据计算。借助这些初始原则,本领域普通技术人员可确定用于人类的有效剂量。
此外,此处所述的化合物的毒性和治疗功效可以根据在细胞培养或实验动物中的制药标准程序通过例如确定LD50和ED50来确定。治疗指数是在毒性效果和治疗效果之间的剂量比,其可以表述为LD 50和ED 50之间的比率。具有高治疗指数的化合物是优选的。可以使用由细胞培养试验和动物试验获得的数据来拟定对人类使用无毒的剂量范围。在血液循环中,这种化合物的剂量优选在包含具有很少毒性或没有毒性的ED 50的浓度范围内。取决于所使用的剂量分配形式和所使用的给药方式,剂量可在此范围内变化。确切的制剂、给药方式和剂量分配可以由各医师考虑患者的状况来选择(参见,例如, Fingl等人,1975,在:The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,第1章,第1页中)。
可单独调节剂量分配量和剂量分配间隔,以提供足以获得治疗效果的活性化合物的血浆水平。通常口服给药的患者剂量在约50-2000毫克/公斤/天,通常约100-1000毫克/公斤/天,优选约150-700毫克/公斤/天和特别优选约250 -500毫克/公斤/天的范围。
优选通过每天多剂量给药来实现治疗有效的血清水平。在局部给药或选择性摄取的情况下,所述药物的有效局部浓度可能与血浆浓度不相关。本领域技术人员将能够优化治疗有效的局部剂量而无需过多的实验。
可使用这里所描述的化合物预防、治疗和/或检查的优选的疾病或紊乱是细胞增殖性紊乱,特别是癌症,如乳头状瘤、Blastogliom、卡波西肉瘤、黑色素瘤、肺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、星形细胞瘤、头部癌症、颈部癌症、皮肤癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、子宫癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、结肠癌、甲状腺癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、肝细胞癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、霍奇金病和伯基特氏病,但不限于此。
现有技术
其它苄腈 衍生物作为TBK1-和/或IKKε-抑制剂描述在WO 2011/046970 A1和WO2012/010826 A1中。
另外的杂环衍生物及其作为抗癌剂的用途描述在WO 2007/129044中。
另外的吡啶-和吡嗪衍生物就其治疗癌症方面的用途描述在WO 2009/053737中,和就其治疗其它疾病方面的用途描述在WO 2004/055005中。
在WO 2009/122180中公开了另外的杂环衍生物作为IKKε-抑制剂。
在WO 2010/100431中描述了吡咯并嘧啶作为IKKε-和TBK1-抑制剂。
在WO 2009/030890中描述了嘧啶衍生物作为IKKε-和TBK1-抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明涉及式I化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体,包括它们的所有比例的混合物
其中
X 表示CH或N,
Y 表示Het2-二基,
R1 表示 O(CH2)nHet1、NH(CH2)nHet1、OA、NHA、NA2、O(CH2)nCyc或NH(CH2)nCyc,
R2 表示 H、A、Ar1、(CH2)nHet3、CN、(CH2)nCyc、CONH2、COOA、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA或(CH2)nNA2,
Ar1 表示未取代的或被下述取代基单-、二-或三-取代的苯基:Hal、A、OH、OA、COOH、COOA、CN、CONH2、NHSO2A和/或SO2A,
Het1 表示二氢吡咯基、吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、四氢咪唑基、二氢吡唑基、四氢吡唑基、二氢吡啶基、四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、吗啉基、六氢哒嗪基、六氢嘧啶基、[1,3]二氧杂环戊烷基、四氢吡喃基或哌嗪基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被OH、COOA、CONH2、COA和/或A单取代,
Het2 表示呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、喹啉基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、咪唑并吡啶基、5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基或呋喃并[3,2-b]吡啶基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被Hal、A、OH、=O、OA、CN、COOA、COOH、CONH2和/或NHCOA单取代,
Het3 表示二氢吡咯基、吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、四氢咪唑基、四氢呋喃基、二氢吡唑基、四氢吡唑基、二氢吡啶基、四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、吗啉基、六氢哒嗪基、六氢嘧啶基、[1,3]二氧杂环戊烷基、二氢吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、哌嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、喹啉基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、咪唑并吡啶基或呋喃并[3,2-b]吡啶基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被Hal、A、OH、OA、CN、COOA、COOH、CONH2、CONHA、CONA2、COA、COCH2NH2、COCH2NHA、COCH2NA2、(CH2)nCyc和/或NHCOA单或二取代,
A 表示具有1-10个C-原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1个或2个不相邻的CH-和/或CH2-基团可以被N-、O-和/或S-原子替代和/或1-7个H原子也可以被F和/或Cl替代,
Cyc 表示具有3、4、5、6或7个C-原子的环状烷基,其是未被取代的或者被CN、(CH2)nOH或A单取代,
Hal 表示F、Cl、Br或I,
n 表示0、1、2、3或4。
本发明还涉及这些化合物的旋光活性形式(立体异构体)、对映体、外消旋物、非对映体以及水合物和溶剂合物。将该化合物的溶剂合物理解为由于它们的相互吸引力而形成的在该化合物上的惰性溶剂的加合。溶剂合物是例如单-或二水合物或醇合物。
本发明当然也涉及所述盐的溶剂合物。
可药用衍生物意指例如根据本发明的化合物的盐以及所谓的前药化合物。前药衍生物用于指利用例如烷基或酰基、糖或寡肽修饰的并且在生物体内快速裂解成本发明的有效化合物的式I化合物。它们还包括本发明的化合物的生物可降解的聚合物衍生物,例如在Int. J. Pharm. 115, 61-67 (1995)中所述。
术语“有效量”表示在组织、系统、动物或人类中造成例如研究人员或医生追求或想要的生物或医疗应答的药剂或药物活性成分的量。
此外,表述“治疗有效量”表示与相应的未接受该量的个体相比具有如下结果的量:改进的治疗、愈合,预防或消除疾病、病征、疾病情况、不适、紊乱或副作用或减轻疾病、不适或紊乱的发展。
术语“治疗有效量”还包括有效增加正常生理功能的量。
本发明还涉及式I化合物的混合物、例如两种非对映异构体的混合物、例如比例为1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:10、1:100或1:1000的两种非对映异构体的混合物的用途。这些特别优选是立体异构体化合物的混合物。
本发明涉及式I化合物及其盐和用于制备式I化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体的方法,其特征在于,
a) 使式II化合物,
其中Y和R2具有在权利要求1中指出的含义,
与式III化合物反应
III
其中X和R1 具有在权利要求1中指出的含义且
L 表示 F、Cl、Br或I,
和/或
将式I的碱或酸转化为其盐之一。
除非另有明确说明,否则在上下文中的残基R1、R2、X 和 Y具有针对式I所示的含义。
A表示烷基,是非支链(直链)或支链的,且具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个C原子。A优选地表示甲基,还有乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,此外还有戊基,1-、2-或3-甲基丁基,1,1-、1,2-或2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,己基,1-、2-、3-或4-甲基戊基、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-、2,2-、2,3-或3,3-二甲基丁基,1-或2-乙基丁基,1-乙基-1-甲基丙基,1-乙基-2-甲基丙基,1,1,2-或1,2,2-三甲基丙基,此外还优选例如三氟甲基。
A非常特别优选地表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个C原子的烷基,优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或1,1,1-三氟乙基。
在A中,1个或2个CH-和/或CH2-基团也可以被N-、O-和/或S-原子替代。因此,A例如也表示2-甲氧基乙基。
特别优选地,A表示具有1-8个C-原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1个或2个不相邻的CH-和/或CH2-基团可以被N-和/或O-原子替代和/或1-7个H原子也可以被F替代。
Ar1 表示,例如,苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-丙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-异丙基苯基,邻-、间-或对-叔丁基苯基,邻-、间-或对-三氟甲基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氟苯基,邻-、间-或对-溴苯基,邻-、间-或对-氯苯基,邻-、间-或对-羟基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲氧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲基磺酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-硝基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲基氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-二甲基氨基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基磺酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲基氨基磺酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氨基羰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-羧基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲氧基羰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙氧基羰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-乙酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲酰基苯基,邻-、间-或对-氰基苯基,进一步优选2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氟苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氯苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二溴苯基,2,3,4-、2,3,5-、2,3,6-、2,4,6-或3,4,5-三氯苯基,对-碘苯基,4-氟-3-氯苯基,2-氟-4-溴苯基, 2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基或2,5-二甲基-4-氯苯基。
Ar1 特别优选表示未取代的或被A单-、二-或三-取代的苯基。
Het1 优选表示吡咯烷基、哌啶基、吗啉基或四氢吡喃基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被COA单取代。
Het2 优选表示噻吩基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、嘧啶基、吲哚基、5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基或苯并呋喃基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被=O或OA单取代。
Het3 优选表示吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡啶基、四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、苯并呋喃基或吡啶基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被A单取代。
Hal 优选表示 F、Cl或Br,但也表示I,特别优选F或Cl。
X 优选表示 CH。
对于整个本发明有效的是,所有多次出现的残基均可以相同或不同,即彼此独立。
式I化合物可以具有一个或多个手性中心,且因此可以以不同的立体异构形式存在。式I包括所有这些形式。
因此,本发明具体地涉及这样的式I化合物,其中所述残基的至少一个具有上面指出的优选含义之一。化合物的某些优选基团可以由下述子式Ia至Ig表示,所述子式Ia至Ig符合式I,并且其中没有更详细地指出的基团具有在式I中指出的含义,但是其中
在Ia中R1 表示 O(CH2)nHet1或O(CH2)nCyc;
在Ib中 Ar1 表示未取代的或被A单-、二-或三-取代的苯基;
在Ic中 Het1 表示吡咯烷基、哌啶基、吗啉基或四氢吡喃基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被COA单取代;
在Id中 Het2 表示噻吩基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、嘧啶基、吲哚基、5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基或苯并呋喃基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被=O或OA单取代;
在 Ie中 Het3 表示吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡啶基、四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、苯并呋喃基或吡啶基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被A单取代;
在If中 A 表示具有1-8个C-原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1个或2个不相邻的CH-和/或CH2-基团可以被N-和/或O-原子替代和/或1-7个H原子也可以被F替代;
在 Ig中 X 表示CH或N,
Y 表示 Het2-二基,
R1 表示 O(CH2)nHet1 或O(CH2)nCyc,
R2 表示 H、A、Ar1、(CH2)nHet3、CN、(CH2)nCyc、CONH2、COOA、(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nOA、(CH2)nNH2、(CH2)nNHA或(CH2)nNA2,
Ar1 表示未取代的或被A单-、二-或三-取代的苯基,
Het1 表示未取代的吡咯烷基、哌啶基、吗啉基或四氢吡喃基,
Het2 表示噻吩基、吡唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、噻唑基、嘧啶基、吲哚基、5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基或苯并呋喃基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被=O或OA单取代,
Het3 表示吡咯烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡啶基、四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、吗啉基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、苯并呋喃基或吡啶基,它们中的每一个是未被取代的,或者被A单取代,
A 表示具有1-8个C-原子的直链或支链烷基,其中1个或2个不相邻的CH-和/或CH2-基团可以被N-和/或O-原子替代和/或1-7个H原子也可以被F替代,
Cyc 表示具有3、4、5、6或7个C原子的环状烷基,其是未被取代的或者被CN或A单取代,
n 表示0、1、2、3或4,
及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体,包括它们的所有比例的混合物。
此外,通过本身已知的方法,更确切地说在已知并适合所述反应的反应条件下,制备式I的化合物及其制备用的原材料,所述方法如文献中(例如在标准著作中,如Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart)描述的。在此也可以使用在本文中没有更具体提及的本身已知的方案。
式I的化合物优选可以通过式II的化合物与式III的化合物的反应来获得。
式II和式III的化合物通常是公知的。但是,如果它们是新颖的,则可通过本身已知的方法来制备。
该反应优选在本领域技术人员已知的Buchwald-Hartwig-条件下进行。
根据所用的条件,反应时间在数分钟至14天之间,反应温度在约-10°至160°之间、通常在20°至150°之间、特别是在约80°至约150℃之间。
作为惰性溶剂合适的是例如烃,如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化的烃,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇;醚,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二氧杂环己烷;二醇醚,如乙二醇单甲基醚或乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈,如乙腈;亚砜,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯,如乙酸乙酯或所述溶剂的混合物。
特别优选的是二氧杂环己烷。
式III的化合物中,L 优选表示 Cl、Br或I,特别优选Cl。
醚裂解通过本领域技术人员已知的方法进行。
醚,例如甲醚裂解的标准方法是使用三溴化硼。
可氢解除去的基团,例如苄基醚的裂解,可以例如通过在催化剂(例如贵金属催化剂,如钯,有利地在载体,如碳上)存在下用氢处理来裂解。合适的溶剂在此是上文指出的那些,特别是例如醇,如甲醇或乙醇,或酰胺,如DMF。该氢解通常在大约0至100℃之间的温度和大约1至200巴之间的压力下,优选在20-30℃和1-10巴下进行。
酯可以例如用乙酸或用NaOH或KOH,在水、水/THF或水/二氧杂环己烷中,在0-100°的温度下皂化。
氮上的烷基化在本领域技术人员已知的标准条件下进行。
药用盐和其它形式
所述根据本发明的化合物可以以它们的最终非盐形式使用。另一方面,本发明还包括以根据本领域中已知的途径可衍生自各种有机和无机酸和碱的它们的可药用的盐形式使用这些化合物。式I的化合物的可药用的盐形式主要通过常规方法制备。如果式I的化合物含有羧酸基团,则可以通过使该化合物与合适的碱反应产生相应的碱加成盐来形成其合适的盐之一。这样的碱是例如碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂;碱土金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙;碱金属醇盐、例如乙醇钾和丙醇钠;和各种有机碱,如哌啶、二乙醇胺和N-甲基谷氨酰胺。同样包括式I的化合物的铝盐。在某些式I的化合物的情况下,可以通过用可药用有机和无机酸,例如卤化氢,如氯化氢、溴化氢或碘化氢,其它无机酸及其相应的盐,硫酸盐、硝酸盐或磷酸盐等和烷基-和单芳基磺酸盐,如乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和苯磺酸盐,和其它有机酸及其相应的盐,如乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等处理这些化合物来形成酸加成盐。相应地,式I的化合物的可药用酸加成盐包括下列:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、精氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐(苯磺酸盐)、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、氯苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、粘酸盐(由粘酸形成)、半乳糖醛酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴化物、氢碘化物、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、异丁酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、偏磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、油酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(Palmoat)、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐,但这并非限制。
此外,根据本发明的化合物的碱盐包括铝-、铵-、钙-、铜-、铁(III)-、铁(II)-、锂-、镁-、锰(III)-、锰(II)-、钾-、钠和锌盐,但这无意代表限制。在上述盐中,优选铵;钠和钾的碱金属盐,以及钙和镁的碱土金属盐。衍生自可药用的有机无毒碱的式I的化合物的盐包括伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、取代胺,也包括天然存在的取代胺、环胺和碱性离子交换树脂,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺(苄星)、二环己基胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、还原葡糖胺、葡糖胺、组氨酸、哈胺(Hydrabamin)、异丙胺、利多卡因、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺和三(羟基甲基)甲基胺(氨丁三醇)的盐,但这无意代表限制。
可以用诸如以下试剂将含有碱性含氮基团的本发明的化合物季铵化:(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二(C1-C4)烷基酯,例如硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯和硫酸二戊酯;(C10-C18)烷基卤化物,例如癸基、十二烷基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及芳基(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如苄基氯和苯乙基溴。可以用该类盐来制备水溶性和油溶性的本发明的化合物。
优选的上述药用盐包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨基丁三醇,但这不代表限于此。
通过使游离碱形式与足量的所需酸接触,由此以常规方式形成盐来制备碱性的式I化合物的酸加成盐。可以通过使盐形式与碱接触并以常规方式分离游离碱来再生游离碱。游离碱形式在某些方面,在某些物理性质,如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面不同于其相应的盐形式;但在本发明范围内,该盐在其它方面相应于其各自的游离碱形式。
如上所述,用金属或胺,如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成式I化合物的可药用的碱加成盐。优选的金属是钠、钾、镁和钙。优选的有机胺是N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
通过使游离酸形式与足量的所需碱接触,由此以常规方式形成盐来制备根据本发明的酸性化合物的碱加成盐。可以通过使盐形式与酸接触并以常规方式分离游离酸来再生游离酸。游离酸形式在某些方面,在某些物理性质,如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面不同于其相应的盐形式;但在本发明范围内,该盐在其它方面相应于其各自的游离酸形式。
如果根据本发明的化合物含有多于一个能形成这样的可药用盐的基团,则本发明还包括复合盐。典型的复合盐形式包括例如,酒石酸氢盐、双乙酸盐、富马酸氢盐、二葡甲胺、二磷酸盐、二钠和三盐酸盐、但这无意代表限制。
根据上文可以看出,术语“可药用的盐”在本文中意指包含以其盐之一的形式的式I化合物的活性成分,特别是,与活性成分的游离形式或之前使用的该活性成分的任何其它盐形式相比,如果这种盐形式赋予了该活性成分改进的药代动力学性质。该活性成分的可药用的盐形式还可首次赋予这种活性成分之前没有的并甚至在其体内治疗效力方面对这种活性成分的药效学具有积极影响的所需药代动力学性质。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及任选地包含赋形剂和/或佐剂的药剂。
药物制剂可以以每剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式给药。根据治疗的疾病情况、给药途径和患者的年龄、体重和状况,这样的单位可包含例如0.5毫克至1克,优选1毫克至700毫克,特别优选5毫克至100毫克的根据本发明的化合物,或药物制剂可以以每剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式给药。优选的剂量单位制剂是包含如上指示的日剂量或分剂量或其相应部分的活性成分的那些。此外,可以使用制药领域中公知的方法制备这样的药物制剂。
可调整药物制剂经由任意合适途径给药,例如通过经口(包括口腔或舌下)、直肠、经鼻、局部(包括口腔、舌下或经皮)、阴道或肠道外(包括皮下、肌肉内、静脉内或皮内)方法。可以使用制药领域中已知的所有方法通过例如将活性成分与一种或多种赋形剂或一种或多种辅助剂合并来制备这样的制剂。
适合口服给药的药物制剂可作为独立单位,例如胶囊或片剂;粉剂或颗粒剂;在水性或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬液;可食用泡沫或泡沫食品;或水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂给药。
因此,例如,在片剂或胶囊形式的口服给药情况下、可以将活性成分与口服、无毒和可药用的惰性赋形剂,例如乙醇、甘油、水等合并。通过将该化合物研碎至合适的细粒度并将其与以类似方式研碎的药物赋形剂,例如可食用的碳水化合物,例如淀粉或甘露醇混合,制备粉剂。还可能存在矫味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和染料。
通过如上所述制备粉末混合物并用其填充成形明胶壳,制造胶囊。在填充操作之前可以将助流剂和润滑剂,例如固体形式的高分散二氧化硅、滑石、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或聚乙二醇添加到该粉末混合物中。也可以添加崩解剂或增溶剂,例如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠、以改进服用胶囊后药剂的有效性。
此外,如果需要或必要,也可以将合适的粘合剂,润滑剂和崩解剂以及染料掺入该混合物中。合适的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖,例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖,由玉米制成的甜味剂,天然和合成橡胶,例如阿拉伯树胶,黄蓍胶或藻酸钠,羧甲基纤维素,聚乙二醇,蜡等。这些剂型中所用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括,但不限于,淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。通过例如制备粉末混合物,粒化或干压该混合物,添加润滑剂和崩解剂并将它们整个压制成片剂来配制片剂。通过将以合适方式粉碎的化合物与如上所述的稀释剂或基料和任选与粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素,藻酸盐,明胶或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,溶出阻滞剂,例如石蜡,吸收促进剂,例如季铵盐,和/或吸收剂,例如膨润土,高岭土或磷酸二钙混合,制备粉末混合物。可以通过用粘合剂,例如糖浆,淀粉糊,阿拉伯胶浆(Aacadia-Schleim)或纤维素-或聚合物材料的溶液润湿并将其压过筛子来粒化该粉末混合物。代替粒化,可以使粉末混合物经过压片机,以产生形状不均匀的团块,将其打碎形成颗粒。可以通过添加硬脂酸,硬脂酸盐,滑石或矿物油使颗粒涂上油脂以防止粘着到铸片模具上。然后将经涂脂的混合物压成片剂。根据本发明的化合物也可以与自由流动的惰性赋形剂合并,然后在不进行造粒或干压步骤的情况下直接压成片剂。可存在由虫胶密封层,糖或聚合物材料层和蜡制光泽层构成的透明或不透明保护层。可以将染料添加到这些包衣中以便能区分不同的剂量单位。
口服液,例如溶液,糖浆和酏剂可以以剂量单位形式制备以使所给的量包含预定量的化合物。可以通过将该化合物溶解在含合适矫味剂的水溶液中来制备糖浆,而使用无毒醇类媒介物制备酏剂。可以通过将该化合物分散在无毒媒介物中来配制混悬液。也可以加入增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙氧基化异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇醚,防腐剂,矫味添加剂,例如薄荷油,或天然甜味剂或糖精,或其它人工甜味剂等。
用于口服给药的剂量单位制剂可任选包封在微囊中。也可以以延长或延迟释放的方式制备该制剂,例如通过将微粒材料包衣或包埋于聚合物,蜡等中。
式I化合物及其可药用的盐,互变异构体和立体异构体还可以以脂质体递送体系,例如单层小囊泡,单层大囊泡和多层囊泡的形式给药。脂质体可以由各种磷脂,例如胆固醇,硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱形成。
式I化合物及其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体还可以使用单克隆抗体作为该化合物分子偶联于其上的独立载体输递。该化合物还可到与作为靶向药剂载体的可溶聚合物偶联。这样的聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰氨基苯酚、聚羟乙基天冬酰氨基苯酚或聚氧化乙烯聚赖氨酸,其被棕榈酰基残基取代。此外,该化合物可偶联到适合实现药剂控释的一类可生物降解的聚合物,例如聚乳酸、聚ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二羟基吡喃类、聚氰基丙烯酸酯和水凝胶的交联或两亲嵌段共聚物上。
适于经皮施用的药物制剂可以作为与接受者的表皮长期紧密接触的独立硬膏剂施用。因此,例如,可以用离子电渗疗法使活性成分从硬膏剂中递送,如PharmaceuticalResearch, 3(6), 318 (1986)中的通用术语所述。
适合局部给药的药物化合物可配制为软膏剂、乳膏剂、混悬液、洗剂、粉剂、溶液、糊剂、凝胶、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。
为了治疗眼睛或其它外部组织,例如口腔和皮肤,该制剂优选以局部软膏剂或乳膏剂的形式施用。在配制成软膏剂的情况下,活性成分可以与石蜡族或水混溶性膏基一起使用。或者,活性成分可以与水包油型乳膏基质或油包水型基质一起配制成膏剂。
适合局部施用于眼睛的药物制剂包括滴眼液,其中将活性成分溶解或悬浮在合适的载体,特别是水性溶剂中。
适合局部施用于口腔的药物制剂包括锭剂、软锭剂和漱口液。
适合直肠给药的药物制剂可以以栓剂或灌肠剂的形式给药。
其中载体物质是固体的适合经鼻给药的药物制剂包括粒度为例如20-500微米的粗粉,其以鼻吸的方式给药,即通过经鼻腔通道从靠近鼻子的含有粉剂的容器中快速吸入。以液体作为载体物质的适合作为鼻喷雾剂或滴鼻剂给药的制剂包括在水或油中的活性成分溶液。
适合通过吸入给药的药物制剂包含可通过各种类型的含气雾剂的加压分配器,喷雾器或吹入器生成的细粒粉或雾。
适合阴道给药的药物制剂可作为子宫托、棉条、乳膏剂、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂给药。
适合肠道外给药的药物制剂包括包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和由此使得该制剂与被治疗的受体的血液等渗的溶质的水性和非水性无菌注射液;可包含悬浮介质和增稠剂的水性和非水性无菌混悬液。该制剂可以在单剂量或多剂量容器,例如密封的安瓿和小瓶中给药并以冷冻干燥(冻干)状态储存,以便仅需在临用前加入无菌载体液体例如注射用水。按照处方制备的注射溶液和混悬液可以由无菌粉末,颗粒和片剂制备。
不言而喻的是,除上文特别提到的成分外,该制剂还可包含本领域中根据制剂的特定类型常见的其它试剂;因此,例如,适合口服的制剂可包含矫味剂。
式I化合物的治疗有效量取决于许多因素,包括例如动物的年龄和体重,需要治疗的准确疾病情况及其严重程度,制剂的性质和给药方法,最终由主治医生或兽医来决定。然而,本发明的化合物用于治疗肿瘤生长例如结肠癌或乳腺癌的有效量一般为0.1至100 mg/kg接受者(哺乳动物)体重/ 天,特别是通常为1至10 mg/kg体重/天。因此,对于体重为70kg的成年哺乳动物而言,每天的实际量通常为70至700 mg,其中该量可以作为每天单次剂量或者通常以每天一系列分剂量(如二,三,四,五或六个分剂量)给药,从而使得总日剂量相同。可作为根据本发明的化合物本身的有效量的比例确定其盐或溶剂合物或生理功能衍生物的有效量。类似剂量被认为适用于治疗上文提到的其它疾病情况。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物以及至少一种其它药物活性成分的药剂。
本发明还涉及套装(试剂盒),其由下列的单独包装构成:
(a) 有效量的式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,
和
(b) 有效量的其它药物活性成分。
该套盒包含合适的容器,如盒或硬纸盒,单个瓶,袋或安瓿。该套盒可以包含例如单独的安瓿,每个安瓿各自包含有效量式I化合物和/或其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,和有效量的溶解或冷冻干燥形式的其它药物活性成分。
同位素
此外打算、式I化合物包括其同位素标记的形式。除了以下事实以外,式I化合物的同位素标记的形式与所述化合物是等同的:所述化合物的一个或多个原子被原子质量或质量数与自然界中常见的所述原子的原子质量或质量数不同的原子替换。易于商业购得且可以根据众所周知的方法引入式I化合物中的同位素例如包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素、例如2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F和36Cl。含一个或多个上述同位素和/或其它原子的其它同位素的式I化合物,其前药,或可药用盐确定为本发明的组成部分。同位素标记的式I化合物可以以多种有利的方式使用。例如,同位素标记的式I化合物(其中例如已经引入放射性同位素如3H或14C)适合用于药物和/或底物组织的分布测定。由于它们易于制备和出色的可检测性,特别优选这些放射性同位素,即氚(3H)和碳-14 (14C)。在式I化合物中引入较重的同位素,例如氘(2H),由于该同位素标记的化合物的较高代谢稳定性而具有治疗优点。较高代谢稳定性直接意味着增加的体内半衰期或更低的剂量,这在大多数情况下代表本发明的优选实施方案。通常,通过进行在合成方案及有关描述中,在实施例中和在本说明书的制备部分中公开的操作可以制备同位素标记的式I化合物,其中用易得的同位素标记的反应物替换非同位素标记的反应物。
为了通过初级动力学同位素效应控制所述化合物的氧化代谢,还可以将氘(2H)引入式I化合物中。所述初级动力学同位素效应是由同位素核的交换而引起的化学反应速率的变化,所述变化又由在该同位素交换后形成共价键所需的基态能的变化所引起。较重同位素的交换通常导致化学键的基态能降低,并因此使限速键断裂的速率降低。如果键断裂发生在沿多产物反应的坐标的鞍点区或其附近,则可以明显改变产物分布比率。例如,如果氘键合在不可替换位点的碳原子上,kM/kD的速率差别典型地为2-7。如果将该速率差异成功地用于易于氧化的式I化合物,则可显著影响所述化合物的体内性质,并导致改善的药代动力学性质。
在发现和开发治疗剂时,本领域技术人员试图优化药代动力学参数,并同时保持希望的体外性质。有理由推测,很多具有差的药代动力学性质的化合物易于氧化代谢。由目前可得到的体外肝微粒体测定得到关于这类氧化代谢的过程的有价值的信息,由于所述信息又能够合理地设计通过对抗这种氧化代谢而具有提高的稳定性的氘化的式I化合物。由此可显著改善式I化合物的药代动力学性质,并且可以定量地表述为增加的体内半衰期(t1/2),最大治疗效果时的浓度(Cmax),剂量响应曲线下的面积(AUC)以及F;以及降低的清除率,剂量及材料成本。
以下内容意图解释上述内容:将具有多个氧化代谢的潜在攻击位点(例如苄基上的氢原子和与氮原子键合的氢原子) 的式I化合物制备为一系列类似物,其中氢原子的不同组合被氘原子替代,以致于这些氢原子中的一些,大部分或全部被氘原子替代。通过测定半衰期确定能够有利地并精确地确定已经实现的氧化代谢抗性的改善程度。以此方式可以确定,由于这种氘-氢交换,起始化合物的半衰期可延长最多100%。
式I化合物中的氘-氢交换也可用于有利地改变起始化合物的代谢产物谱,以减少或消除不希望的毒性代谢产物。例如,如果由于氧化性碳-氢(C-H)键的断裂而产生毒性代谢产物,那么可以合理地假定,氘化类似物可显著减少或消除不希望的代谢产物,即使各氧化不是限速步骤。关于氘-氢交换的现有技术的其它信息,给出在例如,Hanzlik等人, J.Org. Chem. 55, 3992-3997, 1990, Reider等人, J. Org. Chem. 52, 3326-3334,1987, Foster, Adv. Drug Res. 14, 1-40, 1985, Gillette等人, Biochemistry 33(10), 2927-2937, 1994, 和Jarman等人, Carcinogenesis 16(4), 683-688, 1993。
用途
本发明涉及式I化合物用于治疗癌症、感染性休克、原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG)、增生、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病变、骨关节炎、子宫内膜异位症、慢性炎症和/或神经退行性疾病、如阿尔茨海默氏病的用途。
本发明涉及式I化合物用于制备治疗下述疾病的药物的用途:癌症、感染性休克、原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG)、增生、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病变、骨关节炎、子宫内膜异位症、慢性炎症和/或神经退行性疾病、如阿尔茨海默氏病。
本发明涉及治疗罹患选自下述的疾病的哺乳动物的方法:癌症、感染性休克、原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG)、增生、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病变、骨关节炎、子宫内膜异位症、慢性炎症和/或神经退行性疾病、如阿尔茨海默氏病,其中所述方法包括给哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的式I化合物。
本发明还涉及用于治疗下述疾病的式I化合物:癌症、感染性休克、原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG)、增生、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病变、骨关节炎、子宫内膜异位症、慢性炎症、神经退行性疾病、类风湿性关节炎 (RA)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、干燥综合征、Aicardi-Goutières综合征冻疮样狼疮、视网膜血管病变、脑性脑白质营养不良 (RVCL)、全身性硬化症、肌炎、银屑病、慢性阻塞性肺病 (CPD)、炎性肠病 (IBD)、肥胖症、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病(NIDDM)和/或代谢综合征。
本发明的化合物适合在癌症疾病和炎症性疾病的治疗和控制中作为哺乳动物、尤其是人类的药物活性化合物。
宿主或患者可以属于任何哺乳动物物种,例如灵长类动物,特别是人类;啮齿动物,包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠;兔子;马、牛、狗、猫等。动物模型对实验研究有意义,其中它们为人类疾病的治疗提供模型。
通过体外测试,可以确定特定细胞对用根据本发明的化合物处理的易感性。通常将细胞培养物用根据本发明的化合物在不同的浓度下温育一段足够长的时间,常常在约1小时至1周之间,以使活性剂如抗-IgM能诱导细胞应答如表达表面标志。可以使用从血液或活组织检查样品得到的细胞用于体外试验。表达的表面标志的量可以通过流式细胞术来评价,其中使用识别该标志的特异性抗体。
剂量根据所用的具体化合物、具体疾病、患者状态等而改变。治疗剂量通常足以显著地减少靶组织中不希望的细胞群体,而同时维持患者的生存力。通常继续治疗直到细胞负荷已经产生显著的降低,例如降低至少约50%,并且可以继续治疗直到在体内基本上不再检测到不希望的细胞。
为了识别相应的信号传导通路,和为了检测不同信号传导通路之间的相互作用,已开发了合适的模型或模型体系,例如细胞培养模型(Khwaja等人,EMBO,1997,16,2783-93)和转基因动物模型(例如White等人, Oncogene,2001,20,7064-7072)。为了确定信号传导级联中的某些阶段,可利用相互作用的化合物来调制信号(例如Stephens等人,Biochemical J., 2000, 351, 95-105)。也可使用根据本发明的化合物作为试剂用于在动物和/或细胞培养模型中或在本申请中提及的临床疾病中检测激酶依赖性的信号传导通路。
激酶活性的测量是本领域技术人员熟知的技术。在文献中描述了采用例如组蛋白(例如Alessi等人, (1996) FEBS Lett. 399, 3, 333-338页)或碱性髓磷脂蛋白(例如Campos-González,R. 和Glenney, Jr., J.R. 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14535页)等底物的用于测定激酶活性的通用试验体系。
为了鉴别激酶抑制剂,可利用各种测定系统。在亲近闪烁分析法(Sorg等人, J.of Biomolecular Screening, 2002, 7, 11-19)和闪板测定法中,使用ATP测定了作为底物的蛋白质或肽的放射性磷酸化。在抑制性化合物的存在下,不可检测到放射性信号或可检测到放射性信号减少。此外,可利用均匀时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(HTR-FRET)和荧光偏振(FP)技术作为测定方法(Sills等人, J. of Biomolecular Screening, 2002, 191-214)。
其它非放射性ELISA测定方法使用特异性磷酸-抗体(磷酸-AB)。磷酸-AB仅结合磷酸化的底物。可以使用第二过氧化物酶结合的抗绵羊抗体通过化学发光来检测这种结合(Ross等人, 2002, Biochem. J.)。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐、互变异构体和溶剂合物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗或预防癌症。对治疗而言优选的癌来源于:脑癌、泌尿生殖道癌、淋巴系统癌、胃癌、喉癌和肺癌肠癌。另一组优选的癌症形式是:单核细胞白血病、肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤和乳腺癌。
同样包括式I化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐和溶剂化物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗和/或控制哺乳动物中的由肿瘤诱发的疾病的用途,其中在该方法中,给需要这种治疗的患病哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的根据本发明的化合物。治疗量取决于各自的疾病,并且由本领域技术人员不经过多努力即可确定。
特别优选的是,用于治疗疾病的用途,其中所述疾病是实体瘤。
所述实体瘤优选选自:鳞状上皮、膀胱、胃、肾脏、头颈、食道、子宫颈、甲状腺、肠、肝脏、脑、前列腺、泌尿生殖道、淋巴系统、胃、喉和/或肺的肿瘤。
此外,所述实体瘤优选选自肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤、结肠癌和乳腺癌。
此外优选用于治疗血液-和免疫系统的肿瘤的用途,优选用于治疗选自急性髓性白血病、慢性髓性白血病、急性淋巴性白血病和/或慢性淋巴性白血病的肿瘤的用途。
此外本发明的主题是根据本发明的化合物用于治疗骨疾病的用途,其中所述骨疾病源自骨肉瘤、骨关节炎和佝偻病。
式I的化合物也可以与由于它们特别适合所治疗的病症的而选择的其它公知治疗剂一起给药。
本化合物也适合与已知抗癌剂结合。这些已知抗癌剂包括下列:雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、类维生素A受体调节剂、细胞毒素剂、抗增殖剂、异戊二烯-蛋白转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂以及其它血管生成抑制剂。本化合物特别适合与放射疗法共同给药。“雌激素受体调节剂”是指干扰或抑制雌激素结合到受体上的化合物,而且不取决于机制如何。雌激素受体调节剂的实例包括,三苯氧胺、雷洛昔芬、吲哚昔酚、LY353381、LY 117081、托瑞米芬、氟维司群、4-[7-(2,2-二甲基-1-氧代丙氧基-4-甲基-2-[4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-基]苯基-2,2-二甲基丙酸酯、4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮-2,4-二硝基苯基腙和SH646,但不限于此。
雄激素受体调节剂”是指干扰或抑制雄激素结合到受体上的化合物,而且不取决于机制如何。雄激素受体调节剂的实例包括非那雄胺和其它5α-还原酶抑制剂、尼鲁米特、氟他米特、比卡鲁胺、利阿唑和醋酸阿比特龙。
“类维生素A受体调节剂”是指干扰或抑制类维生素A结合到受体上的化合物,而且不取决于机制如何。这样的类维生素A受体调节剂的实例包括贝沙罗汀、维甲酸、13-顺式-视黄酸、9-顺式-视黄酸、α-二氟甲基鸟氨酸、ILX23-7553、反式-N-(4'-羟基苯基)维甲酰胺(retinamid)和N-4-羧基苯基维甲酰胺。
“细胞毒素剂”是指主要通过直接作用于细胞功能而造成细胞死亡或抑制或干扰细胞减数分裂(Zellmyose)的化合物,包括烷基化剂、肿瘤坏死因子、插入剂、微管蛋白抑制剂和拓扑异构酶抑制剂。
细胞毒素剂的实例包括,替拉扎明(Tirapazimin)、Sertenef、恶液质素、异环磷酰胺、他索纳明、氯尼达明、卡铂、六甲蜜胺、松龙苯芥、二溴卫矛醇、雷莫司汀、福莫司汀、奈达铂、奥沙利铂、替莫唑胺、庚铂(Heptaplatin)、雌莫司汀、英丙舒凡甲苯磺酸盐、曲磷胺、尼莫司汀、二溴螺氯铵、嘌嘧替派、洛铂、沙铂、甲基丝裂霉素(Profiromycin)、顺铂、伊洛福芬、右异环磷酰胺(Dexifosfamid)、顺式-胺二氯(2-甲基吡啶)铂、苄基鸟嘌呤、葡磷酰胺、GPX100、(反式,反式,反式)双-μ-(己-1,6-二胺)-μ-[二胺铂(II)]双[二胺(氯)铂(II)]四氯化物、Diarizidinylspermin、三氧化二砷、1-(11-十二烷基氨基-10-羟基十一烷基)-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、佐柔比星、伊达比星、柔红霉素、比生群、米托蒽醌、吡柔比星、吡萘非特、戊柔比星、氨柔比星、抗瘤酮、3'-去氨基-3'-吗啉代-13-去氧代-10-羟基洋红霉素、脂质体蒽环霉素(Annamycin)、加柔比星、依利奈法德、MEN10755和4-去甲氧基-3-去氨基-3-氮丙啶基-4-甲基磺酰基柔红霉素(参见WO 00/50032),但不限于此。
微管蛋白抑制剂的实例包括紫杉醇、硫酸长春地辛、3',4'-双脱氢-4'-脱氧-8'-norvincaleukoblastine、多烯紫杉醇、根霉素、多拉司他汀(Dolastatin)、米伏布林羟乙基磺酸盐(Mivobulin-isethionat)、Auristatin、西马多丁、RPR109881、BMS184476、长春氟宁、自念珠藻环肽(Cryptophycin)、2,3,4,5,6-五氟-N-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)苯磺酰胺、脱水长春碱、N,N-二甲基-L-缬氨酰-L-缬氨酰-N-甲基-L-缬氨酰-L-脯氨酰-L-脯氨酸-叔丁酰胺、TDX258和BMS188797。
拓扑异构酶抑制剂是例如拓扑替康、Hycaptamin、伊立替康、鲁比替康、6-乙氧基丙酰基-3',4'-O-外-苯亚甲基-教酒菌素、9-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基吡唑并[3,4,5-kl]吖啶-2-(6H)丙胺、1-氨基-9-乙基-5-氟-2,3-二氢-9-羟基-4-甲基-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3',4':b,7]中氮茚并[1,2b]喹啉-10,13(9H,15H)-二酮、勒托替康、7-[2-(N-异丙基氨基)乙基]-(20S)喜树碱、BNP1350、BNPI1100、BN80915、BN80942、磷酸依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、索布佐生、2'-二甲基氨基-2'-脱氧-依托泊苷、GL331、N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-9-羟基-5,6-二甲基-6H-吡啶并[4,3-b]咔唑-1-氨甲酰、Asulacrin、(5a,5aB,8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]-N-甲氨基]乙基]-5-[4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-六氢呋喃并(3',4':6,7)萘并(2,3-d)-1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯-6-酮、2,3-(亚甲二氧基)-5-甲基-7-羟基-8-甲氧基苯并[c]菲啶鎓、6,9-双[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]苯并[g]异喹啉-5,10-二酮、5-(3-氨基丙基氨基)-7,10-二羟基-2-(2-羟基乙基氨基甲基)-6H-吡唑并[4,5,1-de]吖啶-6-酮、N-[1-[2(二乙氨基)乙氨基]-7-甲氧基-9-氧代-9H-噻吨-4-基甲基]甲酰胺、N-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)吖啶-4-甲酰胺、6-[[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]氨基]-3-羟基-7H-茚并[2,1-c]喹啉-7-酮和地美司钠。
“抗增殖剂”包括反义RNA和DNA寡核苷酸,如G3139、ODN698、RVASKRAS、GEM231和INX3001和抗代谢物,如依诺他滨、卡莫氟、喃氟啶、喷司他丁、去氧氟尿苷、曲美沙特、氟达拉滨、卡培他滨、加洛他滨、阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸钠(Cytarabin-ocfosfat)、Fosteabin氢氧化钠(Fosteabin-Natriumhydrat)、雷替曲塞、Paltitrexid、乙嘧替氟、噻唑呋林、地西他滨、诺拉曲特、培美曲塞、奈拉滨、2'-脱氧-2'-亚甲基胞苷、2'-氟亚甲基-2'-脱氧胞苷、N-[5-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基)磺酰基]-N'-(3,4-二氯苯基)脲、N6-[4-脱氧-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-四癸二烯酰基]甘氨酰氨基]-L-甘油基-B-L-甘露糖-庚吡喃糖苷基(mannohepto吡喃osyl)]腺嘌呤、Aplidin、海鞘素、曲沙他滨、4-[2-氨基-4-氧代-4,6,7,8-四氢-3H-嘧啶并[5,4-b][1,4]噻嗪-6-基-(S)-乙基]-2,5-噻吩甲酰-L-谷氨酸、氨基蝶呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿拉诺新、11-乙酰基-8-(氨基甲酰氧基甲基)-4-甲酰-6-甲氧基-14-氧杂-1,11-二氮杂四环(7.4.1.0.0)-十四烷-2,4,6-三烯-9-基乙酸酯、苦马豆素、洛美曲索、右丙亚胺、蛋氨酸酶、2'-氰基-2'-脱氧-N4-棕榈酰-1-B-D-阿糖呋喃胞嘧啶和3-氨基吡啶-2-甲醛缩氨基硫脲。“抗增殖剂”还包括除“血管生成抑制剂”下列举的那些外的抗生长因子的单克隆抗体,如曲妥单抗,和通过重组病毒介导的基因转移输送的肿瘤抑制基因,如p53(参见例如美国专利号6,069,134)。
来自下表1的药物优选地、但非排它地与式I化合物联用。
该类联合治疗可以借助于同时,连续或单独分配治疗中的各组分来实现。这种类型的组合产品使用根据本发明的化合物。
对IKKε的抑制的测试
IKKε- 激酶试验(IKKε)
概要
激酶试验作为384-孔闪板试验进行(例如Topcount测量)。
在50 μl总体积(10 mM MOPS,10 mM醋酸镁,0.1 mM EGTA,1 mM二硫苏糖醇,0.02%的Brij35,0.1%的BSA,0.1%的BioStab,pH 7.5)中,在30℃,将1 nM IKKε, 800 nM生物素化的IκBα(19-42)-肽(生物素-C6-C6-GLKKERLLDDRHDSGLDSMKDEE)和10µM ATP (加入标准的0.3µCi的33P-ATP/孔) 有或没有试验化合物温育2小时。使用25µl 200 mM EDTA停止反应。在室温30 min以后除去该溶液,并将每孔用100µl 0.9%的 NaCl溶液洗涤3次。在3µMMSC2119074 (BX-795)存在下,确定该非特异性反应。在Topcount(PerkinElmer)中测量放射性。通过使用IT部门提供的程序工具(例如AssayExplorer, Symyx)计算结果(例如IC50值)。
对TBK1的抑制的测试
酶测试
概要
激酶试验作为384-孔闪板试验进行(例如Topcount测量)。
在50 μl总体积(10 mM MOPS,10 mM醋酸镁,0.1 mM EGTA,1 mM DTT,0.02%的Brij35,0.1%的BSA,pH 7.5)中,在30℃,将0.6 nM TANK结合激酶(TBK1),800 nM生物素化的MELK-衍生的肽(生物素-Ah-Ah-AKPKGNKDYHLQTCCGSLAYRRR)和10µM ATP (含有0.25µCi的33P-ATP/孔) 有或没有试验化合物温育120 min。使用25µl 200 mM EDTA溶液停止反应。在室温30 min以后除去该溶液,并将每孔用100µl 0.9%的 NaCl溶液洗涤3次。使用100 nM星形孢菌素,确定该非特异性反应。在Topcount(PerkinElmer)中测量放射性。通过使用IT部门提供的程序工具(例如AssayExplorer, Symyx)计算结果(例如IC50值)。
细胞实验
phospho-IRF3 @ Ser 386的剂量-反应抑制
细胞/MDAMB468/INH/PHOS/IMAG/pIRF3
1. 范围
虽然TBK1和IKKε主要已知为先天免疫应答中的关键物质,但最近的发现指明了TBK1和IKKε在Ras-诱导的致癌性转化中的作用。 TBK1被认定为在Ras-样(Ral)-鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)的路径中的RalB-效应物,其对于Ras-诱导的转化来说是必不可少的。TBK1直接激活IRF3,其在磷酸化时同源二聚化并易位至细胞核,在那里其激活与炎症、免疫调节、细胞存活和增殖相关的过程。
研发此试验,以便基于在核定位的磷酸-IRF3(TBK1的直接下游的靶)的免疫细胞化学检测评估TBK1/IKKε-抑制剂-化合物的效力/效价。使用聚肌苷酸(聚(I:C),一种双链RNA (dsRNA)的合成类似物,一种与病毒感染有关并且被Toll-样受体3(TLR3)识别的分子模式,以诱导Ser386中的TBK1/ IKKε-活性和IRF3-磷酸化。
2. 试验概述
第1天:用HyQ-Tase使MDA-MB-468细胞脱离,计数并以每孔10000个细胞的密度以35微升完全培养基的总体积接种到具有TC-表面和透明底的384孔板中。或者,直接由冷冻的玻璃小瓶接种细胞。
第2天:在聚(I:C)-刺激之前,将该细胞用抑制剂-化合物预处理1小时。用聚(I:C)温育2小时后,将细胞固定在(多聚)甲醛 (PFA)中,并用甲醇(MeOH)透化。然后阻断细胞并用抗-pIRF3-抗体在4℃下温育过夜。
第3天:洗掉第一抗体,加入AlexaFluor488缀合的第二抗体,用碘化丙啶染色细胞,对比度,随后在IMX Ultra High Content Reader上进行图像采集。
3. 试剂,材料
细胞 : ATCC HTB 132, Burger 实验室(MP-CB 2010-327或MDA-MB-468 / 10)
平板培养基 = 培养基:
RPMI 1640,Invitrogen # 31870
10% 的FCS, Invitrogen # 10270-106
2mM Glutamax, Invitrogen #35050-038
1mM 丙酮酸钠, Invitrogen # 11360
1%的Pen / Strep
37℃, 5%的CO2
平板:具有黑色/透明底的384-孔-底-细胞培养板, Falcon #35 3962或Greiner#781090
传代培养:HyQ-Tase, Thermo Scientific (HyClone) # SV30030.01
其它试剂:
聚(I:C) (LMW), Invitrogen # tlrl-picw (20mg/ml 原液在无菌PBS中制备,在55℃的水浴中变性30min,缓慢冷却至室温,以小份存储在-20℃)
对照抑制剂 :MSC2119074A-4= BX-795 ( IC50 : 200-800nM)
抑制剂对照: 10µM MSC2119074A-4= BX-795
中性对照: 0.5%的DMSO
每个试验中均包含与MSC2119074A-4 = BX-795的10点-剂量-效应-曲线
Hepes, Merck #1.10110
PBS 1x DPBS , Invitrogen # 14190
甲醛(不含甲醇,16%, 超纯EM-品质), Polysciences # 18814 (储存RT), 最终浓度: 4%
甲醇, Merck # 1.06009.1011 (-20℃预冷)
山羊血清, PAA # B15-035 (储存4℃, 长期-20℃), 最终浓度: 10%
BSA (不含IgG和蛋白酶的, 30%), US-Biological # A1317 (储存4℃, 长期-20℃), 最终浓度: 2%
Tween 20去垢剂, Calbiochem # 655204 (储存室温), (制备10% 的原液在水中;最终浓度: 0.1%)
抗-pIRF-3兔MAK, Epitomics # 2526-B (储存-20℃), 最终浓度: 1:2000在PBS/ 2%BSA中
Alexa Fluor 山羊-抗-兔-488, Invitrogen # A11034或# A11008 (储存4℃,黑暗), 最终浓度: 1:2000 在PBS / 2% BSA / 0.1% Tween中
碘化丙啶 (PI), Fluka # 81845, 1mg/ml在H2O中 (储存4℃, 黑暗), 最终浓度: 0.2µg/ml。
4. 过程
将10,000 细胞/孔/35μl 完全RPMI + 10% FCS
接种在具有黑色/透明底的384-孔-底-细胞培养板中
在室温下,在实验台上温育2 h ,随后在37℃,5% CO2和90%相对湿度下继续温育22h
化合物的处理:加入5µl预稀释的化合物、标准或对照试剂
(8倍浓度)
DMSO 原液在 20mM Hepes pH 7.2中化合物稀释;
最终DMSO浓度: 0.5%
得自10mM 原液 (Remp)的化合物系列稀释10步,3.16倍在DMSO中
30µM 9.49µM 3µM 0.95µM 0.3µM 0.095µM 0.03µM 0.0095µM
0.003µM 0.00095µM
在37℃,5% 的CO2的 90%相对湿度下温育60分钟
刺激处理:除了无刺激的对照而外向所有孔中加入10µl 聚(I:C),由此获得100μg/ml的最终浓度
(原液 20mg/ml →1:40 在PBS中) (5倍浓度)
在37℃,5% 的CO2的 90%相对湿度下温育120分钟
完全吸除上清液
固定细胞: 加入100 µl 4%的在PBS中的多聚甲醛
在室温下温育15分钟
3x 用80 µl PBS洗涤 (Tecan Powerwasher), 完全吸除上清液
平板置于冰上
细胞透化: 快速加入-20℃冷的100 µl MeOH (存储容器预冷)
在室温或4℃温育10分钟
用80 µl PBS洗涤一次 (Tecan Powerwasher), 完全吸除上清液
非特异性结合阻断: 加入30 µl 10% 的在PBS / 2% BSA中的山羊血清
在Multidrop Combi 上振荡(17 秒)
在37℃温育60分钟
完全吸除上清液
初次染色: 加入25 µl 在PBS / 2% BSA中1:2000 稀释的第一抗体
在Multidrop Combi 上振荡(17 秒)
在4℃温育过夜
3x 用80 µl PBS洗涤 (Tecan Powerwasher),完全吸除上清液
二次染色和核染色: 加入25 µl 第二抗体 (1:2000)
和
0.2 µg/ml在PBS / 2% BSA / 0.1% Tween中的碘化丙啶
在Multidrop Combi 上振荡(17 秒)
在37℃温育75分钟
3x 用80 µl PBS洗涤 (Tecan Powerwasher),完全吸除上清液
向所有孔中加入80 µl PBS
用透明的粘胶密封件密封平板
在IMX Ultra (Metaexpress 3.1. 扫描设置TBK_10x_pin8)上采集图像
图像分析(Metaexpress 3.1. <cell scoring>, TBK1 Cell-scoring)
用Assay-Explorer进行数据分析和报告。
HPLC/HPLC-MS条件
保留时间Rt [min]通过HPLC测定:
柱:Chromolith SpeedROD RP-18e, 50 x 4.6 mm2
梯度: A:B = 96:4 to 0:100
流速: 2.4 ml/min
洗脱液A: 水 + 0.05%的甲酸,
洗脱液B: 乙腈 + 0.04%的甲酸
波长:220 nm
MS: 正模式。
实施例
合成方案1
式I化合物的通用合成路线,其中X = CH。
如WO 2011/046970 A1中描述般制备2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈。
合成5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈:
在100ml的三颈烧瓶中,在N2下,将2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈 (3.645 mmol; 1.20 g)和4-溴-2-氯吡啶 (3.645mmol; 779 mg)溶解在10 ml二氧杂环己烷和4 ml水中。加入1.008 g 碳酸钾和211mg 四(三苯基膦)钯(0)。在90℃下搅拌该黄-棕色溶液2.5 h。
为进行后处理,将反应混合物冷却至室温并用水和乙酸乙酯稀释和萃取。合并的有机相用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到1.965 g 粗产物。为纯化,粗混合物在硅胶上用石油醚/乙酸乙酯进行色谱分离。得到968 mg 所希望的产物;
。
Buchwald-Hartwig-反应的通用过程:
在100ml的三颈烧瓶中,在N2下,将5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 (100 mg; 0.318 mmol),1.1 当量杂环氨基成分,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0),99%(5.8 mg; 0.006 mmol),9,9-二甲基-4,5-双(二苯基膦)呫吨,99% (36.8 mg; 0.064mmol),碳酸铯 (207 mg; 0.635 mmol),和2-二环己基膦基-2',4',6'-三异丙基-1,1'-联苯 (3.8 mg; 0.008 mmol)溶解在10 ml二氧杂环己烷中。然后,将该反应混合物在140℃加热4 h并在室温下搅拌过夜。
为进行后处理,除去溶剂。残余物用水稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机相用水洗涤,干燥,过滤并浓缩。如果需要,色谱分离纯化残余物。
根据Buchwald-Hartwig-反应的通用过程制备式I化合物
2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-{2-[1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A1")
用1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-胺以44%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A2")
用1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺盐酸盐以6.7%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-([3,3']联吡啶基-6-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A3")
用[3,3']联吡啶基-6-基胺以定量的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A4")
用5-甲基异噁唑-3-基胺以30%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A5")
用1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-胺以定量的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(2-呋喃-2-基甲基-2H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A6")
用2-呋喃-2-基甲基-2H-吡唑-3-基胺以55%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈("A7")
用5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基胺以23%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A8")
用1-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-胺以46%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[5-(1H-吡唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A9")
用4-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯以16%的收率得到所希望的产物; 。
5-[2-(5-叔丁基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈("A10")
用5-叔丁基-1H-吡唑-3-基胺以8%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
6-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}烟腈 ("A11")
用6-氨基烟腈以94%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(5-环丙基-2H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈("A12")
用5-氨基-3-环丙基-1H-吡唑以5%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-[2-(5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A13")
用5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基胺以34%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(嘧啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A14")
用嘧啶-2-基胺以95%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A15")
用(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)甲醇以31%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A16")
用4-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯以40%的收率得到4-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
将87 mg 如此得到的叔丁酯溶解在3 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中,并加入3ml 在二氧杂环己烷中的4 N HCl。在室温下搅拌该浅黄色溶液1小时。
在旋蒸仪上浓缩该反应溶液,并用石油醚和乙酸乙酯研磨粉末状残余物并抽滤。将该物质多次冷冻干燥。得到38.8mg所希望的产物;
。
2-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}异烟腈 ("A17")
用2-氨基异烟腈以9%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(4-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A18")
用(2-氨基吡啶-4-基)甲醇以60%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺 ("A19")
用5-氨基苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺以51%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-[2-(5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A36")
在50ml的烧瓶中,将2-氨基-5,6,7,8-四氢吡啶并-[4,3-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐 (100mg; 0.448 mmol)溶解在10 ml二氯甲烷中,并在搅拌下加入二碳酸二叔丁酯 (0.14 ml;0.672 mmol)和三乙胺 (0.062 ml; 0.448 mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。为进行后处理,浓缩该反应混合物。在乙酸乙酯中研磨残余物并抽滤。浓缩滤液,并得到80 mg2-氨基-7,8-二氢-5H-吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酸叔丁酯;
用制得的2-氨基-7,8-二氢-5H-吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酸叔丁酯在Buchwald-Hartwig-条件下得到2-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}-7,8-二氢-5H-吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酸叔丁酯。
将2-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}-7,8-二氢-5H-吡啶并[4,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酸叔丁酯 (155 mg; 0.241 mmol)溶解在3.5 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中并加入3 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4 mol/l)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液30 min。
用2N NaOH将该反应混合物调节成碱性。抽滤出沉淀并用二氧杂环己烷洗涤。得到97 mg 所希望的产物;
NMR
6-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}烟酰胺 ("A37")
用6-氨基烟酰胺以5%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
合成方案2
制备1H-吡唑-4-基胺衍生物
通用过程:
在带有干燥管的100ml三颈烧瓶中,在N2下,将4-硝基-1H-吡唑(4.422 mmol;500.00 mg)、1 当量伯醇和1.77 g三苯基膦溶解在20 ml干燥的THF中。随后,分份加入偶氮二甲酸二叔丁酯 (5.748 mmol; 1.35 g)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液2 h。
为进行后处理,抽滤出三苯基氧化膦并在旋蒸仪上浓缩滤液。如果需要的话,将4-硝基-1H-吡唑衍生物在硅胶上用乙酸乙酯/石油醚色谱分离。
将4-硝基-1H-吡唑衍生物溶解在甲醇中,加入Pd-C-5% ,并用氢在室温下氢化。在过滤并浓缩溶液后,得到1H-吡唑-4-基胺衍生物。
用2,2-二氟乙醇制备1-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺;
。
用4-(2-羟基乙基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯制备4-[2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯;
。
用N-(2-羟基乙基)吗啉制备1-(2-吗啉-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺;。
用3-甲氧基-1-丙醇制备1-(3-甲氧基丙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺;。
用2-羟基甲基环丙烷甲腈制备2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基甲基)环丙烷甲腈;。
用3-羟基氮杂环丁烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯制备3-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)氮杂环丁烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯;
。
用反-2-羟基甲基环丙基)甲醇制备[反-2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基甲基)环丙基]甲醇;
。
用(四氢-呋喃-3-基)甲醇制备1-(四氢呋喃-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺;。
用3-羟基吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯制备3-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯;
。
用2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)乙醇制备1-(2-吡唑-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺;。
制备式I化合物
5-{2-[1-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A20")
用上述1-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以34%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A21")
用上面制备的4-[2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯,以41%的收率得到4-[2-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
将210 mg4-[2-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯溶解在5 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中,并加入5 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4 mol/l)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液30 min。
用2N NaOH将该反应混合物调整为碱性并萃取。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。得到150 mg所希望的化合物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-吗啉-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A22")
用上面制备的1-(2-吗啉-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以42%的收率得到所希望的产物 ;
。
5-{2-[1-(3-甲氧基丙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A23")
用上面制备的1-(3-甲氧基丙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以16%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-氰基环丙基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A24")
用上面制备的2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基甲基)环丙烷甲腈以28%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-氮杂环丁烷-3-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A25")
用上面制备的3-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)氮杂环丁烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯,以18%的收率得到3-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)氮杂环丁烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
将71 mg3-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)氮杂环丁烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯溶解在3 ml二氧杂环己烷中,并加入3 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4 N)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液30 min。
为进行后处理,用2N NaOH将该反应混合物调节成碱性并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。在硅胶上色谱分离后,得到27 mg所希望的化合物;。
5-{2-[1-((1S,2S)-2-羟基甲基环丙基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A26")
用上面制备的[反-2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基甲基)环丙基]甲醇以35%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(四氢呋喃-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A27")
用上面制备的1-(四氢呋喃-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以37%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-吡咯烷-3-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A28")
用上面制备的3-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯,以68%的收率得到3-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
将110 mg 3-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯溶解在3 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中,并加入3 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4 mol/l)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液30 min。
为进行后处理,用2N NaOH将该反应混合物调节成碱性。在旋蒸仪上蒸发除去溶液并色谱分离。得到100 mg 所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-吡唑-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A38")
用上面制备的1-(2-吡唑-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以46%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-{2-[1-(2-羟基乙酰基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A29")
在50ml的烧瓶中,将5-{2-[1-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 (0.060 mmol; 30.00 mg) 和羟基乙酸 (0.072 mmol;5.50 mg)溶解在5 mlDMF中,并加入HATU (0.090 mmol; 34.40 mg)和4-甲基吗啉 (0.181mmol; 0.02 ml)。在室温下搅拌该米色溶液4.5 h。
为进行后处理,在旋蒸仪上蒸发除去DMF,并用乙酸乙酯和2 N的 NaOH萃取残余物。将有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。
得到的粗产物在硅胶上色谱分离 (二氯甲烷、甲醇)。得到32 mg 所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-{2-[1-(2-氨基乙酰基)哌啶-4-基]乙基}-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A30")
在50ml的烧瓶中,将5-{2-[1-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 (0.121 mmol; 60.00 mg)和BOC-甘氨酸(0.145 mmol;25.36 mg)溶解在10 ml DMF中,加入HATU (0.181 mmol; 68.79 mg)和4-甲基吗啉 (0.362mmol; 0.04 ml; 3.00当量)。在室温下搅拌该浅黄色溶液2 h。
为进行后处理,在旋蒸仪上蒸发除去DMF,并用乙酸乙酯和2 N的 NaOH萃取残余物。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。得到127 mg黄色的油,(2-{4-[2-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-基}-2-氧代乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
将它们溶解在5 ml二氧杂环己烷中,并加入3 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4 N)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液1 h。
为进行后处理,用2N NaOH将该反应溶液调节成碱性,用乙酸乙酯稀释并萃取。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。
得到的粗产物通过色谱分离(硅胶, 二氯甲烷/甲醇)纯化。得到35 mg 所希望的产物;
。
使用叔丁醇钾合成
5-[2-(3-叔丁基异噁唑-5-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A31")
在100ml的三颈烧瓶中,在N2下,将2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈 (6.766 mmol; 2.75 g)和4-溴-2-氟吡啶 (6.766mmol; 0.77 ml)溶解在25 ml二氧杂环己烷和10 ml水中,并加入1.87g 碳酸钾和 392mg四(三苯基膦)钯(0)。在90℃搅拌该深棕色溶液2.5 h。
为进行后处理,将反应混合物冷却至室温并用水和乙酸乙酯稀释并萃取。合并的有机相用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到3.5 g 粗产物,将其在硅胶上色谱分离 (乙酸乙酯/石油醚) 以提纯。
得到2.1 g 5-(2-氟吡啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈; HPLC-MS Rt.[min] 2.135; HPLC-MS [M+H] 299;
在50ml的三颈烧瓶中,将100 mg 5-(2-氟吡啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈在N2下悬浮在6 ml二氧杂环己烷中,并加入52 mg 3-叔丁基异噁唑-5-基胺和79 mgKOtBu。在80℃搅拌该黄色溶液2.5 h。为进行后处理,在旋蒸仪上浓缩该反应混合物,在乙酸乙酯和水中溶解并萃取残余物。将收集的有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。通过制备型HPLC纯化粗产物。以46%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
合成5-{2-[5-(1H-吡唑-4-基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A9")
在50ml的三颈烧瓶中,在N2下,将5-溴吡啶-2-基胺 (200 mg; 1.156 mmol)和4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯 (420.670 mg;1.387 mmol)溶解在3 ml二氧杂环己烷和1 ml水中,并加入碳酸钾 (0.131 ml; 2.312mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0) (133.5 mg; 0.116 mmol)。在90℃搅拌该溶液过夜。
为进行后处理,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并在旋蒸仪上蒸发除去溶剂。残余物通过色谱分离(硅胶 二氯甲烷/甲醇)纯化。得到249 mg 4-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯;。
使85 mg 4-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯与100 mg 5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈根据上面给出的Buchwald-Hartwig-反应的通用过程进行反应。以16% 的收率得到所希望的产物;;
。
合成方案2
式I化合物的通用合成路径,其中X = N。
如WO 2011/046970 A1中描述般制备5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈。
根据Buchwald-Hartwig制备式I化合物
2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-{2-[1-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A32")
用1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-胺,以12%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A33")
用1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-胺以36%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A34")
用4-氨基吡唑-1-甲酸叔丁酯以4%的收率得到所希望的产物 ;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A35")
在配备有磁搅拌器、冷凝器和干燥管的50ml的烧瓶中,将16 mg 5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈溶解在1 ml干燥的乙腈中,加入9 mg溴乙基甲基醚和28 mg Cs2CO3,并在90℃的浴温下搅拌该悬浮液。该反应混合物 在90℃搅拌5小时并在室温下搅拌过夜。
为进行后处理,在旋蒸仪上浓缩该混合物并用制备型HPLC纯化。得到8 mg 所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-吗啉-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A39")
用1-(2-吗啉-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以7%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-[2-(1-吡咯烷-3-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A40")
用上面制备的3-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯,以12% 的收率得到3-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]嘧啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
将41 mg3-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]嘧啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯溶解在1 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中,并加入1 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4 mol/l)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液60 min。
为进行后处理,用2N NaOH将该反应混合物调节成碱性。在旋蒸仪上浓缩该溶液并色谱分离。得到22 mg 所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(四氢呋喃-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A41")
用上面制备的1-(四氢呋喃-3-基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以8%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]嘧啶-2-基氨基}苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺 ("A42")
用5-氨基苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺以5%的收率得到所希望的产物 ;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-吡唑-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A43")
用上面制备的1-(2-吡唑-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以8%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A44")
用上面制备的1-(2,2-二氟乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺以11%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
5-{2-[1-(2-哌啶-4-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A45")
用上面制备的4-[2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯,以27%的收率得到4-[2-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]嘧啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
将119 mg 4-[2-(4-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]嘧啶-2-基氨基}吡唑-1-基)乙基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯溶解在3 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中,并加入3 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4mol/l)。在室温下搅拌该黄色溶液60 min。
将该反应混合物用2N NaOH调节成碱性并萃取。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。色谱分离粗产物。得到91 mg所希望的化合物;
。
合成5-{2-[1-(3-甲氧基丙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A46")
在100ml的三颈烧瓶中,将5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈(200 mg)溶解在乙醇和二氧杂环己烷中,并加入上面制备的1-(3-甲氧基丙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺 (129 mg)和0.8 ml三乙胺。在100℃搅拌该黄色溶液两天。
为进行后处理,在旋蒸仪上浓缩该混合物并通过色谱分离纯化。得到71 mg 所希望的产物;
。
合成5-{2-[5-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A47")
在50ml的三颈烧瓶中,在N2下,将5-溴-2-硝基吡啶 (200 mg; 0.985 mmol)和4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃 (227 mg; 1.084mmol)溶解在3 ml二氧杂环己烷和1 ml水中,加入碳酸钠 (208 mg; 1.971 mmol) 和双(三苯基膦)氯化钯(II) (69 mg; 0.099 mmol)。将该混合物在80°加热1小时并在室温下搅拌过夜。
为进行后处理,在旋蒸仪上蒸发除去二氧杂环己烷,用水稀释残余物并用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机相用水洗涤,干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物用硅胶柱纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 1/1)。得到174 mg 5-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-2-硝基吡啶;
。
用100 mg Pd-C-5%和氢在10 ml四氢呋喃中氢化174 mg 5-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-2-硝基吡啶。将该混合物过滤并在旋蒸仪上浓缩。得到138 mg 5-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)吡啶-2-基胺粗产物,使其进行上述纯化,继续转化。
用5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈和制备的5-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)吡啶-2-基胺在给出的Buchwald-Hartwig-条件下以23%的收率得到5-{2-[5-(3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈;
。
5-[2-(1',2',3',6'-四氢-[3,4']联吡啶基-6-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A48")
以相同的反应顺序,由4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯起始得到6-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}-3',6'-二氢-2'H-[3,4']联吡啶基-1'-甲酸叔丁酯。
将6-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}-3',6'-二氢-2'H-[3,4']联吡啶基-1'-甲酸叔丁酯 (247 mg; 0.134 mmol)溶解在2 ml干燥的二氧杂环己烷中,并加入2 ml在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (4mol/l)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物 1 h。
为进行后处理,用2N NaOH将该反应混合物调节成碱性。然后将该溶液在旋蒸仪上浓缩并加入二氯甲烷。将有机相干燥、过滤并浓缩。粗产物通过色谱分离纯化。以20%的收率得到所希望的产物;
。
类似地制备下列化合物
类似于"A40",用4-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A64")
。
类似于"A11",用2-氨基异烟酸甲酯得到化合物2-{4-[3-氰基-4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}异烟酸 ("A65")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(2-氨基嘧啶-5-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(5-哌啶-4-基嘧啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A66")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈和[(1S,2S)-2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基甲基)环丙基]甲醇得到5-{2-[1-((1S,2S)-2-羟基甲基环丙基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A67")
。
类似于"A42",用6-氨基-2-甲基-2H-哒嗪-3-酮得到化合物5-[2-(1-甲基-6-氧代-1,6-二氢哒嗪-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A68")
。
类似于"A42",用6-氨基-2H-哒嗪-3-酮得到化合物5-[2-(6-氧代-1,6-二氢哒嗪-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A69")
。
类似于"A42",用(2-氨基吡啶-4-基)甲醇得到化合物5-[2-(4-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A70")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(6-氨基哒嗪-3-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(6-哌啶-4-基哒嗪-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A71")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(5-氨基吡嗪-2-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(5-哌啶-4-基吡嗪-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A72")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈和顺-4-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)环己醇得到化合物5-{2-[1-(4-羟基环己基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A73")
。
类似于"A11",用2'-氨基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-[4,4']联吡啶基-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(1',2',3',4',5',6'-六氢-[4,4']联吡啶基-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A74")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈和1-(2-叔丁氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺与随后的保护基团的解离一起得到5-{2-[1-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A75")
。
类似于"A42",用5-[2-(5-溴-6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈和4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-3,6-二氢-2H-吡啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(2-甲氧基-1',2',3',6'-四氢-[3,4']联吡啶基-6-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A76")
。
类似于"A11",用(2-氨基吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(4-氨基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A77")
。
由"A74" 用甲醛和甲酸得到化合物5-[2-(1'-甲基-1',2',3',4',5',6'-六氢-[4,4']联吡啶基-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A78")
。
类似于"A26",用1-(2-叔丁氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-{2-[1-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A79")
。
类似于"A42",用5-甲基异噁唑-3-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(5-甲基异噁唑-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A80")
。
由"A77"用甲醛和甲酸得到化合物5-[2-(4-二甲基氨基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A81")
。
类似于"A11",用4-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(4-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A82")
。
类似于"A42",用1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺得到化合物5-{2-[1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A83")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-2-基胺得到化合物5-{2-[4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A84")
。
类似于"A11",用6-吗啉-4-基吡嗪-2-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(6-吗啉-4-基吡嗪-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A85")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(5,6-二氢-4H-吡喃-2-基)吡啶-2-基胺得到化合物5-{2-[4-(5,6-二氢-4H-吡喃-2-基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A86")
。
类似于"A42",用4-环丙基噻唑-2-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(4-环丙基噻唑-2-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A87")
。
类似于"A11",用5-(2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基甲基)吡啶-2-基胺得到化合物5-{2-[5-(2-氧杂-6-氮杂螺[3.3]庚-6-基甲基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A88")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(2-氨基嘧啶-4-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁基酯与随后的保护基团的解离一起得到化合物5-[2-(4-哌啶-4-基嘧啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A89")
。
类似于"A11",用6-吗啉-4-基哒嗪-3-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(6-吗啉-4-基哒嗪-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A90")
。
类似于"A11",用6-氨基-3',4',5',6'-四氢-2'H-[2,4']联吡啶基-1'-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(1',2',3',4',5',6'-六氢-[2,4']联吡啶基-6-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A91")
。
类似于"A11",用6-(5,6-二氢-4H-吡喃-2-基)吡嗪-2-基胺得到化合物5-{2-[6-(5,6-二氢-4H-吡喃-2-基)吡嗪-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A92")
。
类似于"A40",用4-甲基噁唑-2-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(4-甲基噁唑-2-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A93")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈和1-(2-叔丁氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺与随后的保护基团的解离一起得到2-环丁基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(2-羟基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A94")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈和[(1S,2S)-2-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基甲基)环丙基]甲醇得到2-环丁基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-((1S,2S)-2-羟基甲基环丙基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A95")
。
类似于"A11",用4-(6-氨基吡嗪-2-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和随后的保护基团的解离得到化合物5-[2-(6-哌啶-4-基吡嗪-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A96")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈和4-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)环己醇得到2-环丁基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(4-羟基环己基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A97")
。
类似于"A11",用5-(四氢吡喃-4-基)吡嗪-2-基胺得到化合物2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-{2-[5-(四氢吡喃-4-基)吡嗪-2-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A98")
。
类似于"A11",用(5-氨基吡嗪-2-基)甲醇得到化合物5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡嗪-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A99")
。
类似于"A11",用6-(四氢吡喃-4-基)哒嗪-3-基胺得到化合物2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-5-{2-[6-(四氢吡喃-4-基)哒嗪-3-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A100")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈和反-4-(4-氨基吡唑-1-基)环己醇得到5-{2-[1-(4-羟基环己基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A101")
。
类似于"A11",用(3-氨基吡嗪-2-基)甲醇得到化合物5-[2-(3-羟基甲基吡嗪-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A102")
。
类似于"A26",用5-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈和1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基胺得到2-环丁基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]嘧啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A103")
。
类似于"A11",用5-吗啉-4-基甲基吡啶-2-基胺得到化合物5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]-2-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)苄腈 ("A118")
。
实施例 105-117
分析方法:
LCMS分析:
方法A: A-0.1%的TFA在H2O中,B-0.1%的TFA在CAN中:流速 2.0 ml/min。
柱: XBridge C8 (50 x 4.6mm, 3.5 μ)
方法 B: A-10mM NH4HCO3, B: ACN; 流速: 1.0 ml/min
柱: XBridge C8 (50x4.6mm, 3.5μ),
1H NMR:
Bruker 400 MHz
HPLC:
方法 A:
方法: A-0.1%的TFA in H2O, B-0.1%的TFA in ACN: 流速 – 2.0 ml/min.
柱: XBridge C8 (50 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ)。
合成5-溴-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈
在0℃,在氮气下,将氢化钠,60% 悬浮在油中 (3.6 g, 0.09 mol),添加到环丙基甲醇 (6.49 g, 0.09 mol) 在干燥的DMF(200 ml)中的溶液中。30 min后,在0℃加入在干燥的DMF中 (50 ml)的5-溴-2-氟苄腈 (12.0 g, 0.06 mol),并将该反应在50℃搅拌16 h。将冰水(200 ml)添加到该反应混合物中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取 (2 x 200 ml)。用水(2 x 200ml)和饱和食盐溶液(1 x 200 ml)洗涤有机相并用硫酸钠干燥。除去溶剂后,通过色谱分离纯化粗产物。得到14 g 黄色的油;
。
合成2-环丙基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄
腈
将5-溴-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈 (14.0 g, 0.055 mol)在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(200ml)中的溶液 脱气10 min,在室温下加入双(频那醇合)二硼 (15.5 g, 0.061 mol)、[1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(1.0 g, 0.00138 mol)、1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁(0.75 g, 0.0138 mol) 和乙酸钾(10.9 g, 0.111 mol)。将该混合物在回流下加热18 h。将其冷却至室温并过滤。将滤液在旋蒸仪上浓缩并用乙酸乙酯 (300 ml)溶解,用水(2 x 200 ml)和饱和食盐溶液(1 x 200 ml)洗涤并用硫酸钠干燥。过滤后,通过色谱分离纯化粗产物。得到9 g 所希望的产物,为白色固体;
。
合成5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈
将2-环丙基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈(3.0 g, 0.010 mol)在乙腈(60 ml)和水 (20 ml)中的溶液脱气10 min。加入4-溴-2-氯吡啶 (1.92 g, 0.010mol)、碳酸钾 (2.76 g, 0.02 mol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0) (0.11g,0.0001 mol)。在90℃搅拌该反应混合物6 h。将该混合物冷却至室温,过滤并在旋蒸仪上浓缩。将残余物溶解在乙酸乙酯(200 ml)中,用水 (2 x 200 ml)和饱和食盐溶液(1 x 200ml)洗涤。随后用硫酸钠干燥,在旋蒸仪上浓缩并为纯化进行色谱分离。得到2.1 g 浅黄色固体;
。
合成5-溴-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈
以类似于上述用于5-溴-2-环丙基甲氧基-苄腈的方式由环丁烷甲醇 (2.58 g,0.03 mol)和5-溴-2-氟苄腈 (5.0 g, 0.025 mol)得到 5 g 5-溴-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈,为黄色油;
。
合成2-环丁基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄
腈
以类似于上述用于2-环丙基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈的方式用5-溴-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈 (5.0 g, 0.018 mol)制备。得到3.5g 所希望的产物,为无色油;
。
合成5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈
用2-环丁基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈(5.0 g, 0.015 mol)和4-溴-2-氯吡啶 (3.0 g, 0.015mol)以类似于描述用于5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈的方式得到2.5 g 所希望的产物,为浅黄色固体;
。
合成4-(4-溴-2-氰基苯氧基甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
用N-BOC-4-哌啶甲醇 (6.45 g, 0.03 mol)和5-溴-2-氟苄腈 (5.0 g, 0.025mol) 如上述用于5-溴-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈般得到7.0 g 所希望的产物,为浅黄色油;
。
合成4-[2-氰基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯氧基甲
基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
用4-(4-溴-2-氰基苯氧基甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 (7.0 g, 0.17 mol),如上述用于2-环丙基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈般得到6.0 g 所希望的产物,为无色油;
。
合成2-(哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-
基)苄腈
将在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (50 ml)加入到4-[2-氰基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯氧基甲基]哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 (6.0 g, 0.0135 mol)在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(50 ml)中的溶液中,并在室温下搅拌16 h。在旋蒸仪上浓缩该混合物并且不经纯化用于下一步骤.
合成2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环
戊烷-2-基)苄腈
在0℃,在氮气下,将冰醋酸 (2.1 g, 0.035 mol)、三乙胺 (3.5 g, 0.035 mol)和1-丙烷-膦酸酐 (60% w / w在乙酸乙酯中) (11 ml, 0.0174 mol)加入到2-(哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈 (4.0 g, 0.0116mol)在二氯甲烷 (40 ml)的溶液中。在室温下搅拌该反应15 h。浓缩该溶液并倒入水(200ml)中。用二氯甲烷萃取(100 ml x 2)并在旋蒸仪上浓缩。通过色谱分离纯化粗产物。得到6.0 g 所希望的产物,为无色油;
。
合成2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)苄腈
以类似于上述用于5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-环丁基甲氧基苄腈的方式,用2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苄腈 (2.0g, 0.005 mol)和4-溴-2-氯吡啶 (0.96 g, 0.005 mol) 得到1.0 g 所希望的产物,为白色固体;
。
合成2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A104")
将5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈 (0.25 g, 0.0878 mmol)在叔丁醇(5 ml)中的溶液用氮气脱气5 min。然后加入1H-吡唑-4-基胺盐酸盐 (0.12 g, 1.08mmol)、Josiphos (24.3 mg, 0.00439 mmol)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0) (40.0 mg,0.00439 mmol)。逐滴加入1.6M双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基锂在THF (0.35 g, 2.1 mmol)中的溶液。将该混合物在微波中在140℃辐照2 h。然后加入30 ml水并过滤。通过色谱分离纯化粗产物。得到26.6 mg 所希望的产物,为棕色固体;
。
合成2-环丙基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}
苄腈 ("A105")
将碳酸铯 (0.17 g, 0.54 mmol)和2-溴乙基甲基醚 (0.045 g, 0.325 mmol)加入到上面制备的2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈(0.09 g,0.27 mmol) 在干燥的DMF中 (2 ml)的溶液中。在80℃加热该反应混合物8 h。加入冰,并用乙酸乙酯萃取 (2 x 50 ml)。用水洗涤 (1 x 25 ml) 有机相并用硫酸钠干燥。然后在旋蒸仪上浓缩。通过色谱分离纯化粗产物。得到5.8 mg 所希望的产物,为棕色固体;
。
合成2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("
A106")
如上述用于2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A104")般,用5-(2-氯-吡啶-4-基)-2-环丙基甲氧基苄腈 (0.2 g, 0.702 mmol)和(6-氨基-3-吡啶基)甲醇 (0.104 g, 0.843 mmol)得到18.5 mg所希望的化合物,为黄色固体;
。
合成4-(4-硝基-1H-吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
在10-15℃,将1-Boc-4-羟基哌啶(2.6 g, 0.0132 mol)、三苯基膦 (4.1 g,0.015 mol)和偶氮二甲酸二叔丁酯 (3.9 g, 0.0172 mol)分份加入到4-硝基-1H-吡唑(1.5 g, 0.0132 mol) 在THF (40 ml)中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物48 h。在旋蒸仪上浓缩该混合物,并且色谱分离该粗材料。得到2.1 g白色固体;
。
合成4-(4-氨基-1H-吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
向4-(4-硝基-1H-吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 (2.1 g, 0.0040 mol)在甲醇(50 ml)中的溶液加入碳载钯(10% w/w, 0.2 g),并在室温下氢化3 h。滤去催化剂,并在旋蒸仪上浓缩该溶液。通过色谱分离纯化残余物。得到1.1 g 棕色油;
在合成“A16”中使用4-(4-氨基-1H-吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯。
合成4-{3-[4-(3-氰基-4-环丙基甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡唑-1-基}哌啶-
1-甲酸叔丁酯
如上述用于2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈般进行制备;
。
合成2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈
("A107")
将在二氧杂环己烷中的HCl (10 ml)加入到4-{3-[4-(3-氰基-4-环丙基甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡唑-1-基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 (0.12 g, 0.23 mmol)在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(10 ml)中的溶液中。将整个混合物在室温下搅拌6 h。在旋蒸仪上浓缩该反应溶液并用10%的碳酸氢钠溶液(20 ml)调节为碱性。搅拌10 min。滤去固体,用乙醚 (20 ml) 洗涤并干燥。得到85.4 mg所希望的材料,为棕色固体;
。
合成5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基胺
将2-氨基-5-溴吡啶 (2.0 g, 0.011 mol)在叔丁醇(5 ml)中的溶液用氮气脱气5min。加入吗啉 (1.4 g, 0.016 mol)、Davephos (0.4 g, 0.001 mol)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0) (0.25 g, 0.027 mmol)。逐滴加入1.6M双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基锂在THF(5.51g, 0.033 mol)中的溶液。将该混合物在微波中在150℃辐照2 h。然后加入水(30 ml)并用乙酸乙酯萃取 (2 x 100 ml)。有机相用水洗涤 (1 x 100 ml)并用硫酸钠干燥。粗材料不经纯化用于下一步骤中。
在合成“A7”时使用5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基胺。
合成2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("
A108")
如上述用于2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈般进行制备。以16%的收率得到50.9 mg棕色固体;
。
合成2-环丁基甲氧基-5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A109")
如在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A104")中描述般制备。得到20.4 mg棕色固体(41%收率);
。
合成2-环丁基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基} 苄腈 ("A110"):
如在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A105")中描述般制备;收率 18% (18.4 mg, 黄色固体);
。
合成2-环丁基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("
A111"):
如在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A106")中描述般制备;收率: 32% (87.0 mg, 黄色固体);
。
合成4-{4-[4-(3-氰基-4-环丁基甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡唑-1-基}哌啶-
1-甲酸叔丁酯
如在4-{3-[4-(3-氰基-4-环丙基甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡唑-1-基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯中描述般制备;
收率:27% (0.1g, 棕色固体物质);
。
合成2-环丁基甲氧基-5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈
("A112")
如在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈("A107")中描述般进行制备;收率: 92% (41.0 mg, 棕色固体);
。
合成2-环丁基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("
A113")
如在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A108")中描述般进行制备;收率: 16.5% (48.0 mg, 黄色固体);
。
合成2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨
基]吡啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A114"):
类似于在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-{2-[1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基]吡啶-4-基}苄腈 ("A110")中描述般进行制备;
收率:16% (5.7 mg, 棕色固体);
。
合成2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-
基]苄腈 ("A115")
类似于在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-羟基甲基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈("A106")中描述般进行制备;
收率:7.2% (16.9 mg, 黄色固体);
。
合成4-(4-{4-[4-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-3-氰基苯基]吡啶-2-基氨基}吡
唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
如在合成4-{3-[4-(3-氰基-4-环丙基甲氧基苯基)吡啶-2-基氨基]吡唑-1-基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯中描述般进行制备;收率: 37.0% (0.12 g, 棕色固体);
。
合成2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-4-基氨基)吡
啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A116")
如在2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(1-哌啶-4-基-1H-吡唑-3-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈("A107")中描述般进行制备;收率: 18% (17.3 mg, 棕色固体);
。
合成2-(1-乙酰基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)-5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-
4-基]苄腈 ("A117")
类似于2-环丙基甲氧基-5-[2-(5-吗啉-4-基吡啶-2-基氨基)吡啶-4-基]苄腈 ("A113")进行制备;收率: 3.5% (4.6 mg, 黄色固体);
。
根据本发明的抑制TBK1和IKKε的化合物的IC50值
下述实施例涉及药物:
实施例A:注射小瓶
使用2 N盐酸将100克根据本发明的活性成分和5克磷酸氢二钠在3升重蒸馏水中的溶液调节至pH 6.5,无菌过滤,灌入注射小瓶中,在无菌条件下冻干并在无菌条件下密封。每个注射小瓶含有5毫克活性成分。
实施例B:栓剂
将20克根据本发明的活性成分与100克大豆卵磷脂和1400克可可油的混合物熔化,倒入模具中并使其冷却。每个栓剂含有20毫克活性成分。
实施例C:溶液剂
在940毫升重蒸馏水中由1克根据本发明的活性成分、9.38克NaH2PO4 ∙ 2 H2O、28.48克Na2HPO4 ∙ 12 H2O和0.1克苯扎氯铵制备溶液。将pH调节至6.8,将该溶液配至1升并通过辐射消毒。这种溶液可以以滴眼液形式使用。
实施例D:软膏剂
将500毫克根据本发明的活性成分与99.5克凡士林在无菌条件下混合。
实施例E:片剂
将1千克活性成分、4千克乳糖、1.2千克马铃薯淀粉、0.2千克滑石和0.1千克硬脂酸镁的混合物以常规方式如此压成片剂,以使每个片剂含有10毫克活性成分。
实施例F:糖锭剂
与实施例E类似地压制片剂并随后以常规方式用蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉、滑石、黄蓍胶和染料的包衣料包衣。
实施例G:胶囊剂
将2千克活性成分以常规方式引入硬明胶胶囊中以使每个胶囊含有20毫克该活性成分。
实施例H:安瓿剂
将1千克根据本发明的活性成分在60升重蒸馏水中的溶液无菌过滤,灌入安瓿中,在无菌条件下冻干并在无菌条件下密封。每个安瓿含有10毫克活性成分。
序列表
<110> Merck Patent GmbH
<120> 苄腈衍生物
<130> P 11/149-ve/ms
<150> DE 102011112978.6
<151> 2011-09-09
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 23
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 生物素-C6-C6
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<400> 1
Gly Leu Lys Lys Glu Arg Leu Leu Asp Asp Arg His Asp Ser Gly Leu
1 5 10 15
Asp Ser Met Lys Asp Glu Glu
20
<210> 2
<211> 23
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 生物素-Ah-Ah
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<400> 2
Ala Lys Pro Lys Gly Asn Lys Asp Tyr His Leu Gln Thr Cys Cys Gly
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Ala Tyr Arg Arg Arg
20
Claims (5)
1.选自以下的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体,包括它们的所有比例的混合物:
。
2.药物,其包含至少一种根据权利要求1的化合物和/或其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括它们的所有比例的混合物,以及任选的赋形剂和/或佐剂。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体,包括它们的所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗以下病症的药物中的用途:癌症、感染性休克、原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG)、增生、动脉粥样硬化、视网膜病变、骨关节炎、子宫内膜异位症、慢性炎症、神经退行性疾病、类风湿性关节炎 (RA)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、干燥综合征、Aicardi-Goutières综合征冻疮样狼疮、视网膜血管病变、脑性脑白质营养不良 (RVCL)、全身性硬化症、肌炎、银屑病、慢性阻塞性肺病 (CPD)、炎性肠病 (IBD)、肥胖症、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病(NIDDM)和/或代谢综合征。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体在制备用于治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途,其中与选自下述的化合物联合施用治疗有效量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物:1) 雌激素受体调节剂、2) 雄激素受体调节剂、3) 类视色素受体调节剂、4) 细胞毒性剂、5) 抗增殖剂、6) 异戊二烯基-蛋白转移酶抑制剂、7) HMG-CoA还原酶-抑制剂、8) HIV-蛋白酶-抑制剂、9) 逆转录酶抑制剂和10) 另外的血管生成抑制剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和/或其生理上可接受的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体在制备用于治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途,其中与放射疗法和选自下述的化合物联合施用治疗有效量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物:1) 雌激素受体调节剂、2) 雄激素受体调节剂、3)类视色素受体调节剂、4) 细胞毒性剂、5) 抗增殖剂、6) 异戊二烯基-蛋白转移酶抑制剂、7) HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、8) HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、9) 逆转录酶抑制剂和10) 另外的血管生成抑制剂。
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DE102011112978A DE102011112978A1 (de) | 2011-09-09 | 2011-09-09 | Benzonitrilderivate |
DE102011112978.6 | 2011-09-09 | ||
PCT/EP2012/003449 WO2013034238A1 (de) | 2011-09-09 | 2012-08-13 | Benzonitrilderivate als kinasehemmer |
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CN107400082A (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-28 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种取代哌啶衍生物的制备方法 |
WO2017207534A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-07 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituted heteroarylbenzimidazole compounds |
DE102016113714A1 (de) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | Rosa Karl | Transfektionsverfahren mit nicht-viralen Genliefersystemen |
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CN107778216A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-09 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种氟取代哌啶衍生物的制备方法 |
CN107778215A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-09 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种氟取代哌啶衍生物的制备方法 |
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2011
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2012
- 2012-08-13 CA CA2848148A patent/CA2848148C/en active Active
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