Summary of the invention
An aspect of present disclosure is to provide a kind of turbo machine, it comprises rotor and at least one Electric heating appliance that stator and being arranged to can rotate in stator, and Electric heating appliance is arranged on the surface of at least one stationary part for active gap control.Under this background, stator comprises all non-rotating member, particularly housing of turbo machine, and it generally includes inner casing, shell and connecting wall and for the supporting member of housing with for the bearing support of bearing, this bearing keeps rotor.
Initiatively gap control allows to reduce the gap of turbo machine, is mainly the gap between rotation blade and housing, and the gap between stator blade and rotor.Gap can be reduced by active gap control, to increase efficiency and the power of turbo machine.
According to an embodiment, Electric heating appliance is arranged in the chamber of stationary part to add hot fluid, fluid is at least in part around stationary part, and/or wherein Electric heating appliance utilizes direct mechanical contact and is arranged on stationary part, to allow the conductive heat transfer from Electric heating appliance to stationary part.The applicable chamber that can be furnished with heating equipment is for example compressor bleed air bin or cooling-air distribution bin.
According to another embodiment, Electric heating appliance is arranged in cooling air supply perforate.For example, it can be arranged on the surface of cooling air supply perforate of stator.
In another embodiment, be furnished with inner casing and/or the shell that the stationary part of Electric heating appliance is turbo machine.
In addition or as alternative, Electric heating appliance is arranged on connecting wall, connecting wall makes inner casing be connected with shell.
In yet another embodiment, Electric heating appliance comprises induction heating part.Conventionally, induction heating part can be arranged on the surface of corresponding stationary part, thereby alternating electromagnetic field is introduced in stationary part and to stationary part induction heating.For induction heating part, electromagnet can be arranged in above the surface of stationary part.Then, stationary part can be by eddy current being introduced in stationary part and is heated by electromagnet.
According to an embodiment, a plurality of Electric heating appliances are arranged in axial direction distribute with circumferential direction around the housing of turbo machine.Different Electric heating appliances is constructed and is connected to power supply, makes different Electric heating appliances can be independently controlled to control the circumferential direction of turbo machine and the heating intensity on axial direction.In order to allow the independent of heating intensity to control, different Electric heating appliances for example can be connected to power supply independently.
According to an embodiment, turbo machine is gas turbine, and according to another embodiment, turbo machine is steam turbine.
Except the turbo machine comprising for the Electric heating appliance of stationary part, the method for utilizing Electric heating appliance to control on one's own initiative the gap of turbo machine is also the object of present disclosure.
According to for operating the embodiment of method of the turbo machine of lip-deep at least one Electric heating appliance that comprises the rotor that stator and being arranged to can rotate in stator and be arranged at least one stationary part, at least one Electric heating appliance is controlled so as at least one stationary part of heating, for controlling rotor to the gap of stator.
According to another embodiment of method, at least one heating element is arranged in the first half of housing or the position of Lower Half.Heating element is controlled so as to the district that heating is furnished with the housing of heating element, to reduce the inhomogeneity of the circumferential temperature of housing.For example, for example, if the first half Zhong district of temperature measurement result indicator shell lower than Lower Half (has, in identical axial positions) in the temperature in corresponding district, the heating element in the district of the first half of housing can be actuated to heat this district, until it has the identical temperature with corresponding district in Lower Half.
For example, the inhomogeneity of temperature can cause by cooling air supply pipeline, and it enters housing in a side, or it is not equally to distribute around housing.For example, the inhomogeneity of temperature also can be by causing the impaired thermal insulation barriers of the higher thermal loss of the housing in a side to cause.
In another embodiment, at least one Electric heating appliance is controlled so as to the temperature profile of the housing of turbo machine is in axial direction remained in prespecified range.According to load and operational condition (stable state or transition), a certain temperature profile is expected on the axial direction of gas turbine.If the temperature profile of the measurement of housing is outside estimating profile, housing can be heated to establish the temperature profile of expectation partly.
According to method embodiment, at least one heating element is arranged in the position of the Lower Half of housing, and it for turbomachine shutdown and cooling period heated shell Lower Half.The temperature that the Lower Half of its heated shell compensates the first half causing due to convective heat transfer from bottom to top increases with respect to the temperature of Lower Half.By heating Lower Half, the so-called deflection causing due to the higher temperature in the first half can be alleviated.
According to another embodiment, at least one heating element is arranged to add the flange of hot connecting bottom shelf half and casing-upper half, to reduce or to avoid the ovalization of housing.It is colder than the circular portion of housing that flange keeps conventionally at least in part.Additional heat that its reason ledge surface causes loss and keep colder, and particularly during the loading (that is, the heating of turbo machine) of turbo machine because the additional flange material require more time is heated and keeps colder.
In another embodiment, at least one heating element is arranged on the bearing support of turbo machine.Be arranged at least one Electric heating appliance on bearing support for heating bearing support.Heating is controlled and is made rotor keep aiming at respect to housing Er center.
Conventionally, bearing support is adiabatic.Therefore, its thermal expansion is separated with the thermal expansion of housing at least in part.If the expansion of housing is different from the expansion of bearing support, this can cause the misalignment of rotor, and has therefore increased the required cold clearance of turbo machine.This misalignment can alleviate by heating bearing support.For example, if housing heats during operation, bearing support is heated, and makes the expansion of the hot housing of expansion compensation of bearing support, thereby and keeps rotor and housing to aim at.
The control that is supplied to the power of Electric heating appliance can be carried out according to different control programs.In one example, heating completes according to process.During operational state change, the temperature variation in turbo machine is known from measurements and calculations.Therefore, from finite-state, for example, cold turbo machine is in shutting down, and it is known that typical transition changes, and also knows that specific stationary part reduces the function that the required electric heating in gap is the time to greatest extent.Therefore the process that, for example can be used as the function of time for the heat input of Electric heating appliance provides.For example, heating process can be from the serviceability limiting.Heating process conventionally from the steady state operation point that limits as the startup of turbo machine, or from steady state load point.
Heating is also carried out according to the operating parameter of turbo machine, as, speed, power, mass flow or operating temperature.For example, relevant mass flow is that entrance mass flow, exhaust quality stream, fuel flow or the water of injection or the mass flow of steam are discharged for increasing power or control, and cooling-air mass flow.
Heating also can be used for controlling based on thermometry the temperature of at least one section of housing.The temperature of specific part can be used for repeatedly thermometry and the temperature difference or both combinations.
In addition, heating can utilize the direct measurement based on gap of impeller clearance sensor and/or stator blade gap sensor and be controlled.
At the stopping period of turbo machine, heat can be passed to the fluid that flows through machine.For example, air can flow through gas turbine due to stack draught.This type of fluid flows the disadvantageous temperature distribution in bootable gas turbine.In addition, if the part of motor keeps hotter, restart preferably allowing, this fluid stream can increase thermal loss, and therefore can cause higher heating needs.According to method embodiment, the entrance of turbo machine and/or outlet close to reduce fluid stream at turbo machine stopping period.Therefore, the embodiment of turbo machine comprise entrance flashboard and/or outlet flashboard in entrance or the outlet port of turbo machine, close fluid flowing path.
Add heat control and can be limited to some serviceability, as the stopping of, motor, cooling, for example, be less than under 5% rotating speed (with respect to design operation speed), or running to service speed and loading period, for example, be greater than under 50% rotating speed.Control can utilize the controller of open loop or closed loop to carry out.
Above gas turbine can be single gas turbine or the continuous gas turbine of for example knowing from EP0620363 B1 or EP0718470 A2.Disclosed method and use and remodeling method also can be used for single gas turbine or continuous gas turbine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To come to describe in more detail hereinafter the present invention, its character and advantage thereof by means of accompanying drawing.Referring to accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the example according to turbo machine of the present invention.Here, provided the example of gas turbine as turbo machine.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the details II that is arranged in the turbine shroud with electrically heated Fig. 1 in cooling air supply perforate.
List of parts
10 gas turbines
11 suction port of compressor gases
12 compressors
13 first firing chambers
14 first turbines
15 second firing chambers
16 second turbines
17 exhaust casings
18 (the first turbine) stator blade
19 (the second turbine) stator blade
20 impeller clearance sensors
21 stator blade gap sensors
22 inner walls
23 casing walls
24 first burn device
25 burn device continuously
26 compressor bins
27 suction casings
28 rotors
34 flue gas recirculation (optionally)
35 air
36 entrance flashboards
37 fuel
38 water/steam sprays
39 outlet flashboards
40 Electric heating appliances for connecting wall
41 Electric heating appliances for inner casing/stator blade carrier
42 Electric heating appliances for shell
Electric heating appliance in 43 cooling air supply perforates
44 cooling air supply perforates
45 bearing supports
46 bearing support heating equipments
47 Exhaust Gas
49 connecting walls.
Embodiment
The element being equal in identical or function is to have identical mark.Example does not form any restriction of the present invention to this type of layout.
In Fig. 1, schematically show exemplary arrangement.Gas turbine 10 is provided with suction port of compressor gas 11.In gas turbine 10, compressor 12 is the first burner below, and the first burner comprises the first burning device 24 and the first firing chamber 13.In the first burning device 24, fuel 37 is added in pressurized gas, and mixture burns in the first firing chamber 13.Hot combustion gas is supplied to the first turbine 14 from the first firing chamber 13, the first turbine 14 is the second burner below, and the second burner comprises continuous burning device 25 (being also known as the second burning device) and continuous firing chamber 15 (being also known as the second firing chamber).Fuel 37 can be added into the gas that leaves the first turbine 14 in burning device 35 continuously, and mixture burns in continuous combustion chambers 15.Hot combustion gas is supplied to the second turbine 16 from continuous combustion chambers 15.
Steam and/or water 38 can be ejected into the first burning device and/or burn continuously device for controlling discharge and increasing power output.
The stator of gas turbine comprises housing.Housing comprises stator blade carrier or inner wall 22 and casing wall 23.Inner wall 22 can be connected by connecting wall 49 with casing wall 23.In addition, housing comprises suction casing 27 and exhaust casing 17.
In the example of Fig. 1, for the Electric heating appliance of connecting wall 40, be placed in some connecting walls 49, for the heating equipment of inner casing 41, be placed in inner wall 22 (also referred to as stator blade carrier), and be placed in casing wall 23 for the heating equipment of shell 42.
In the example shown in Fig. 1, impeller clearance sensor 20 is arranged on the inner wall 22 in the face of the position of the rotation blade of compressor 12 and the position of rotation blade in the face of the first turbine 14 and the second turbine 16.Stator blade gap sensor 21 is arranged in the tip place of the stator blade in compressor 12, and on the tip in the face of the first turbine 14 of rotor 28 and the Turbomachinery 18,19 of the second turbine 16.
Rotor 28 is supported and is held in place by bearing support 45.Bearing support heating equipment 46 is arranged in and on bearing support 45, makes it possible to heat bearing support 45.
Exhaust Gas 47 leaves the second turbine 16.Exhaust Gas 47 uses generating steam conventionally in heat recovery steam generator, for combined heat and power or for the water vapor circulation of combined cycle (not shown).
Optionally, the part of Exhaust Gas 47 can be in flue gas circulates 34 (conventionally in heat recovery steam generator downstreams) branch, and be mixed into intake air 35.Conventionally, recirculation 34 comprises the aftercooler for cooling recirculating gas duct gas.
In addition, suction port of compressor can be closed by entrance flashboard 36, and turbine outlet can be closed by outlet flashboard 39.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the section II-II of the turbine shroud of Fig. 1.In the second turbine 16Gai district, show cooling air supply perforate 43.In this example, the Electric heating appliance in cooling air supply perforate 43 is presented in cooling air supply perforate 44.