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CN103906645A - 混合动力车辆的燃料系统的压强的控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的燃料系统的压强的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN103906645A
CN103906645A CN201280051298.8A CN201280051298A CN103906645A CN 103906645 A CN103906645 A CN 103906645A CN 201280051298 A CN201280051298 A CN 201280051298A CN 103906645 A CN103906645 A CN 103906645A
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fuel system
fuel
pressure
container
heat engine
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CN103906645B (zh
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B·克里尔
J-F·贝拉尔
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Nergy Automotive Systems Research SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03177Fuel tanks made of non-metallic material, e.g. plastics, or of a combination of non-metallic and metallic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03519Valve arrangements in the vent line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/03561Venting means working at specific times
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/0358Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts
    • B60K2015/03585Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts by gas pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92Hybrid vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/003Adding fuel vapours, e.g. drawn from engine fuel reservoir

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆燃料系统压强的控制方法,其中所述混合动力车辆配置有热机和电机,所述热机由存储在塑料容器中的燃料来供给,根据所述控制方法,当所述热机处于停止状态时,在给定安全时间长度之后并且根据至少一个应力累积参数来完全或部分地释放所述燃料容器中压强,每个所述应力累积参数都与所述燃料系统的元件相关,并由温度信息、接触时长信息和所述元件上的应力水平信息来确定。

Description

混合动力车辆的燃料系统的压强的控制方法
本发明涉及混合动力车辆燃料系统的压强的控制方法。
通常,混合动力车辆指的是联合使用热机和电机的车辆。
混合动力车有常规的运行原理,该原理在于,根据不同模式,要么使电机运行,要么使热机运行,要么使电机和热机同时运行。
一种特别的原理如下:
-在静止阶段(在该阶段中,车辆不动),两个发动机都处于停止状态;
-在起步阶段,电机确保车辆开始移动,直至更高的速度(25或30km/h);
-当达到更高的速度时,由热机接替运行;
-在加速度大的情况下,同时使用两个发动机,这允许获得等同于或高于相同功率的发动机的加速度;
-在减速和制动阶段,动能被用于为电池充电(要注意的是,不是所有市场上现有的混合动力发动机都具有该功能)。
根据上述原理,热机不是持续运行,因此,不能正常地确保汽油气吸收箱(canister,活性炭过滤器,其避免向大气重新排放燃料蒸汽)的净化阶段,这是因为在该净化阶段时,可能被预热的空气在汽油气吸收箱中循环以使其再生(即汽油气吸收箱中吸附的燃料蒸汽被解吸出来),该空气随后进入发动机用于在其中燃烧。
因此,为了避免无用地填充汽油气吸收箱,通常阻塞燃料容器和汽油气吸收箱之间的联通;因此导致这些车辆的燃料容器通常处于压力下(通常,在大约300至400mbar之间的压强下),阻塞通常是通过位于通风阀之后的功能元件来实现的,其中所述功能元件经常被称为燃料箱隔离阀(英文为“Fuel Tank Isolation Valve,”缩写FTIV),并且该功能元件阻止容器在填充之外的情况下通风(除气)。该元件通常包括两个安全气门(校准于容器使用的上下最大压强)和用于在填充之前将容器置于大气压强下的控制部件,该控制部件通常是电气部件。
相比于其金属等同物,由塑料材料制成的燃料容器(或者燃料系统的其他部分)在重量和使用难易程度方面具有确实的优势。然而,当长时间受到超过上述“阈值”的压强/真空时会产生问题。因此,可能见到在应力下产生的开裂,该开裂会由于接触(exposition)燃料或温度而加剧。
开裂可以分多种类型:
·燃料容器的表皮的开裂;
·在燃料容器中加入的加强元件的开裂,其中所述加强元件用于在内部有过压/负压期间限制变形;
·系统其他元件的开裂。
本发明的目的在于通过提出一种混合动力车辆的燃料系统的控制策略/方法来解决该问题,所述策略/方法允许使用塑料部件,并具有更高的安全性。
所述方法基于在填充之外的情况下,在燃料容器中按时地释放压力,以减轻塑料材料的负担。申请人事实上已观察到这种按时的、甚至是完全的降压最终几乎不填充汽油气吸收箱,通常:与填充情况相比,仅填充大约20%。
本发明因此涉及符合权利要求1的控制方法。
本发明使用的燃料可以是汽油、柴油、生物燃料等,并可以具有0至100%的酒精含量。
在本说明中,燃料系统为用于混合动力汽车的热机的元件的整体。这些元件通常包括燃料存储设备(容器、通风设备、汽油气吸收箱等)和发动机燃料供给设备。
符合本发明的燃料系统的元件的材料是与可能处理的每种液态烃兼容的。该材料必须同时对于在常温常压下挥发性液态烃和重液态烃具有化学惰性。该材料可以是塑料或者金属。符合本发明的系统的元件还可以是混合的,即包括金属部件和塑料部件。根据本发明,至少燃料容器是由塑料制成的,即包括由塑料制成的腔部,所述腔部限定存储体积。该腔部优选地被加强,例如通过内部或外部纤维加强物来加强、通过局部焊接(焊合点,英文为“kiss point”)来加强、通过联结其上下壁的、添加的加强元件(柱类型)来加强。
在本发明的范围内,热塑性材料取得良好的结果,特别由于其重量、机械强度、化学强度以及使用方便的优点,特别是在系统元件具有复杂形状的时候。
具体地,可以使用聚烯烃、热塑聚酯纤维、聚酮、聚酰胺及它们的共聚物。还可以使用聚合物或共聚物的混合物,同样,也可以使用带有无机、有机和/或天然填充物(例如但是不局限于碳、盐类和其他无机衍生物、天然纤维或聚合纤维等)的聚合材料的混合物。还可以使用由堆叠并相互固定的层构成的多层结构,该结构包括至少一种上述的聚合物或共聚物。
燃料容器经常使用的一种聚合物为聚乙烯。用高密度聚乙烯(法语缩写为PEHD)已经获得良好的效果。
优选地,符合本发明的方法使用的燃料容器具有多层结构,该多层结构包括至少一层热塑材料和至少一个补充层,该补充层可以优选地由阻隔液体和/或阻隔气体的材料构成。
本发明良好地应用于由PEHD制成的、具有由EVOH制成的阻隔层的燃料容器。
符合本发明的方法的目的在于避免在热机处于停止状态时(即通常当车辆处于电力模式运行或者车辆停放时)燃料容器长时间处于压力下。
为此,符合本发明的方法设置在给定的安全时间长度之后完全或部分地释放燃料容器中的压力。
通常,该压力释放借助于通风设备来操作。所谓“通风设备”指的是一个或多个彼此连接的空心元件,这些元件可以被插入到燃料系统的通风回路中,并可以被燃料蒸汽穿过,其中所述燃料蒸汽通常从容器通向汽油气吸收箱。该设备通常为阀门。优选地,该阀门为如上所述的FTIV。
“汽油气吸收箱”通常指的是装有吸收燃料蒸汽的物质的腔体,其中所述物质一般是活性炭。汽油气吸收箱的作用在于避免将燃料蒸汽释放到大气中。该腔部包括入口和出口,来自于燃料容器的蒸汽由所述入口穿过,而被除去燃料蒸汽的空气则可以从所述出口出来。要注意的是,当容器处于负压时,来自于大气的空气从汽油气吸收箱的出口流向入口。
上文使用的术语“连接”通常指的是直接固定在连接线上或通过连接线来联结。通常,所述连接通过线来实现。
符合本发明的方法通常由处理器来应用于燃料系统,所述处理器可以被集成到车载计算机(有时也称为发动机控制单元,英文为“Engine Control Unit”,缩写ECU)上,或者由专用于燃料系统的处理器(有时也称为燃料系统控制单元,英文为“Fuel System ControlUnit”,缩写FSCU)来应用于燃料系统。
根据本发明的该变型,要么安全时间长度是固定的并且存储在ECU和/或FSCU中的存储器中,要么安全时间长度由ECU和/或FSCU根据传感器读取的例如压强和/或温度的数值来确定(推断)。后一种变型是优选的。特别地,安全时间长度可以由处理器根据传感器读取的温度值来确定。通常,当温度小于一个阈值(例如50℃)时,该时间长度可以是无限的,当温度包括在50至60℃之间时,该时间长度通常包括在50至1000h之间,而当温度超过60℃时,该时间长度则通常包括在0至100h之间。
根据本发明,在安全时间长度末端,要么完全释放压力(容器因此处于大气压强下),要么压强被降低到预先确定的数值以下。换句话说,压强被降低到一个压强阈值,该压强阈值可以是大气压强或者是给定的正压强。
该压强阈值优选地基于系统元件中的应力累积来计算。该累积可以被表达为基于包括以下数据的累积参数:
·温度;
·接触时长;
·加强元件中的应力水平,其与燃料容器中的内部压强(该参数可以由压强传感器来测量)直接关联,并且其与应力的关联可以通过在上述的处理器中存储的表格来确定。
累积参数可以应用于:
·容器表皮(其形状可以变化);
·容器中的加强元件;
·其他可能的受压的塑料元件(通风线,汽油气吸收箱等)。
当然,压强阈值的最终值优选地考虑系统所有元件(表皮、加强物或其他元件)的应力累积参数。
例如当车辆在热的地方例如在美国的死亡峡谷(英文为“DeathValley”)行驶时会产生应力累积。假设燃料容器的填充操作在早上实现,并且假设车辆在白天在死亡峡谷中行驶,当温度非常高(例如,大于50℃)时,燃料容器中的内部压强可以快速地达到所允许的最大压强水平。容器中的内部压强会长时间保持在该所允许的最大水平(或者可能达到更高的水平)。因此,为了避免燃料系统元件、尤其是燃料容器元件开裂的风险,例如在以所允许的最大压强水平(或更高水平)行驶一个小时后完全或部分地释放燃料容器中的压强。可以通过使用热机或电机来实现行驶。

Claims (7)

1.一种混合动力车辆燃料系统压强的控制方法,其中所述混合动力车辆配置有热机和电机,向所述热机供给存储在塑料容器中的燃料,根据所述控制方法,当所述热机处于停止状态时,在给定安全时间长度之后并且根据至少一个应力累积参数来完全或部分地释放所述燃料容器中的压力,每个所述应力累积参数与所述燃料系统的一个元件相关,并由温度信息、接触时长信息和所述元件上的应力水平信息来确定。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述容器包括限定了存储容积的塑料腔体,所述腔体被加强,例如通过内部或外部纤维加强物加强、通过局部焊接加强、通过联结所述腔体上壁和下壁的附接加强元件加强。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述容器由高密度聚乙烯(法语缩写为PEHD)制成,并包括由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物制成的阻隔层(法语缩写为EVOH)。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述压力释放借助于阀门来操作。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述阀门为燃料箱隔离阀(英文缩写为FTIV)。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,所述方法通过能够集成在车载计算机(有时也称为发动机控制单元,英文为“Engine ControlUnit”,缩写ECU)上的处理器来应用于所述燃料系统,或者通过专用于所述燃料系统的处理器(有时也称为燃料系统控制单元,英文为“Fuel System Control Unit”,缩写FSCU)来应用于所述燃料系统。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述安全时间长度由所述处理器根据被传感器读取的温度数值来确定。
CN201280051298.8A 2011-08-25 2012-08-23 混合动力车辆的燃料系统的压强的控制方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103906645B (zh)

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