CN103901282A - Method for testing high-voltage transmission line television interferences - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法，包括以下步骤：分析被测地区的电视信号频段，并录制未受电视干扰前的电视画面；选择测量位置；根据电视干扰的频率范围选择天线；选择电视干扰场强频率，并测量电视干扰的场强。本发明提供一种高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法，对高压输电线路电晕产生的电视干扰场强进行测量，并同时获得被干扰的电视画面图像的方法，对电视信号及图像受干扰的程度进行评估，填补了目前测试高压输电线路的电视干扰测试方法的空白。
The invention provides a test method for TV interference of high-voltage transmission lines, which includes the following steps: analyzing the frequency band of TV signals in the area to be tested, and recording the TV picture before being interfered by TV; selecting the measurement position; and selecting the antenna according to the frequency range of TV interference ;Select the frequency of TV interference field strength and measure the field strength of TV interference. The invention provides a test method for TV interference of high-voltage transmission lines, which measures the field strength of TV interference generated by the corona of high-voltage transmission lines, and simultaneously obtains the disturbed TV screen image, and the degree of interference to TV signals and images The evaluation fills the gap in the current TV interference test method for testing high-voltage transmission lines.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种测试方法，具体讲涉及一种高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法。The invention relates to a test method, in particular to a test method for TV interference of a high-voltage transmission line.
背景技术Background technique
国际上目前仍然没有统一的测试输变电工程电视干扰的方法，不同的研究组织设计了不同的测试方案。例举两类典型的测试方法如下。一类是针对实验室内绝缘子试品放电时的高频干扰进行的TVI试验。Yoshitsugu SAWADA等人利用实验室加压，用七木电视天线(Yagi typeantenna)对准绝缘子试品，测量90-222MHz的TVI，主要在94MHz频点，使用了高频同轴电缆（75欧），TVI计，观测实际电视信号受干扰的情况。另一类方法是利用自发电视信号进行测试。Juette.G.W.利用小型电晕笼进行电视干扰现象研究，采用TV发生器产生标准电视图像信号与电晕笼内高压输电线路产生的TVI信号混合，在电视机观测画面效果，在TVI计上记录干扰电压。At present, there is still no uniform method for testing TV interference in power transmission and transformation projects in the world, and different research organizations have designed different testing schemes. Two typical test methods are listed below. One is the TVI test for the high-frequency interference when the insulator test product is discharged in the laboratory. Yoshitsugu SAWADA and others use the laboratory to pressurize, use the seven wood TV antenna (Yagi typeantenna) to align the insulator sample, and measure the TVI of 90-222MHz, mainly at the 94MHz frequency point, using a high-frequency coaxial cable (75 ohms), TVI meter, to observe the interference of the actual TV signal. Another type of method is to use spontaneous television signals for testing. Juette.G.W. used a small corona cage to study the phenomenon of TV interference, using a TV generator to generate a standard TV image signal mixed with the TVI signal generated by the high-voltage transmission line in the corona cage, observing the picture effect on the TV, and recording the interference on the TVI meter Voltage.
随着我国电网建设的飞速发展，居民物质生活水平提高对精神文化生活提出了更高的要求，对于高压线路产生的TVI，沿线环境影响调查时有反映，鉴于近年来国内外对TVI研究停滞，我国广播电视技术的不断发展，有必要提出一套针对高压输电线路电晕产生电视频段内的无线电干扰场强测量方法。With the rapid development of my country's power grid construction, the improvement of residents' material living standards has put forward higher requirements for spiritual and cultural life. For TVI generated by high-voltage lines, environmental impact investigations along the line have reflected from time to time. In view of the stagnation of TVI research at home and abroad in recent years, With the continuous development of my country's radio and television technology, it is necessary to propose a set of radio interference field strength measurement methods in the TV band for corona generation in high-voltage transmission lines.
由于电压等级高，超高压及特高压输电线路不可避免产生电晕现象，从而引起高压输电线路的电磁环境问题。而对于目前的超高压及特高压交流输电线路的实测结果表明其主要电磁环境指标均满足环保要求，但是邻近输电线路（或杆塔）的居民也有反应电视图像受到了干扰，并有出现了少量投诉。Due to the high voltage level, EHV and UHV transmission lines will inevitably produce corona phenomenon, which will cause electromagnetic environment problems for high-voltage transmission lines. The actual measurement results of the current EHV and UHV AC transmission lines show that the main electromagnetic environment indicators meet the environmental protection requirements, but residents near the transmission lines (or towers) also reported that the TV images were disturbed, and there were a few complaints .
从高压输电线路电晕产生的高频有源干扰而言，在晴好天气，30MHz以上的电磁干扰主要来自间隙放电，当干扰场强叠加在图像载频上时，可能对电视频段内的图像质量产生影响；无源干扰主要来自高压交流架空送电线和铁塔作为金属二次辐射体，或对无线电来波信号进行了屏蔽或者遮挡，对无线电来波产生二次辐射信号或屏蔽信号，它与无线电来波的主电磁场一起作用原电视信号，对接收信号质量产生影响。有源干扰和无源干扰统称输电线路产生的电视干扰（TVI）。In terms of high-frequency active interference generated by high-voltage transmission line corona, in fine weather, the electromagnetic interference above 30MHz mainly comes from gap discharge. When the interference field strength is superimposed on the image carrier frequency, it may affect the image quality in the TV band. Influence; passive interference mainly comes from high-voltage AC overhead power transmission lines and iron towers as metal secondary radiators, or shielding or shielding radio incoming waves, generating secondary radiation signals or shielding signals to radio incoming waves, which is related to radio The main electromagnetic field of the incoming wave acts on the original TV signal together, which affects the quality of the received signal. Active interference and passive interference are collectively referred to as television interference (TVI) from transmission lines.
目前关于如何测试高压输电线路TVI的方法，各国研究机构的方法限于自身条件，提出了不同的测试方法，其中测试所考察的频点、测试用天线种类、测试位置等关键参数未提出统一标准，因而得到的测量结果约束条件多，难以进行统一对比分析。国内相关研究几乎没有。At present, regarding how to test the TVI of high-voltage transmission lines, the methods of research institutions in various countries are limited to their own conditions, and different test methods have been proposed. Among them, no unified standards have been proposed for key parameters such as the frequency points to be investigated, the types of test antennas, and test locations. Therefore, there are many constraints on the measurement results obtained, and it is difficult to conduct a unified comparative analysis. There is almost no domestic related research.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法，对高压输电线路电晕产生的电视干扰场强进行测量，并同时获得被干扰的电视画面图像的方法，对电视信号及图像受干扰的程度进行评估，填补了目前测试高压输电线路的电视干扰测试方法的空白。In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for testing the TV interference of the high-voltage transmission line, which measures the TV interference field strength generated by the corona of the high-voltage transmission line, and simultaneously obtains the method of the disturbed TV screen image, Evaluating the degree of interference to TV signals and images fills the gap in the current TV interference test method for testing high-voltage transmission lines.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:
本发明提供一种高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：The invention provides a test method for TV interference of a high-voltage transmission line, said method comprising the following steps:
步骤1：分析被测地区的电视信号频段，并录制未受电视干扰前的电视画面；Step 1: Analyze the TV signal frequency band in the tested area, and record the TV picture before being interfered by TV;
步骤2：选择测量位置；Step 2: Select the measurement location;
步骤3：根据电视干扰的频率范围选择天线；Step 3: Select the antenna according to the frequency range of TV interference;
步骤4：选择电视干扰场强频率，并测量电视干扰的场强。Step 4: Select the frequency of the TV interference field strength and measure the field strength of the TV interference.
所述步骤1中，通过电视场强仪分析被测地区的电视信号频段，并录制未受电视干扰前的电视画面。In the step 1, the TV signal frequency band in the measured area is analyzed by a TV field strength meter, and the TV picture before being interfered by TV is recorded.
未受电视干扰前的电视画面录制方法如下：The method of recording the TV screen before being disturbed by the TV is as follows:
在高压输电线路停止运行时或者远离被测高压输电线路至少500m的距离，通过天线采集信号，信号经分配器平均分配给电视场强仪及电视机，所述电视场强仪一路信号连接电脑硬盘录制图像，另一路信号输入电视机，以摄像机摄制电视画面以记录图像质量，并记录电视图像载频频点a0。When the high-voltage transmission line stops running or at least 500m away from the high-voltage transmission line under test, the signal is collected through the antenna, and the signal is evenly distributed to the TV field strength meter and the TV through the distributor, and one signal of the TV field strength meter is connected to the computer hard disk Record the image, input another signal to the TV, use the video camera to shoot the TV picture to record the image quality, and record the carrier frequency point a0 of the TV image.
所述步骤2中，选择位于高压输电线路较低的直线档弧垂最低点附近及耐张转角塔附近作为测量位置。In the step 2, the location near the lowest sag point of the lower straight line of the high-voltage transmission line and the vicinity of the tension corner tower is selected as the measurement location.
对高压输电线路产生的电视干扰进行分布式测量，至少测量至边相外100m，若100m内有居民，则应在居民电视接收天线位置附近进行分布式测量。Distributed measurement of TV interference generated by high-voltage transmission lines, at least 100m away from the side phase, if there are residents within 100m, distributed measurement should be performed near the location of the resident TV receiving antenna.
分布式测量方法为：将天线置于高压输电线路较低的直线档弧垂最低点对地投影处与高压输电线路的垂线上，距离边高压输电线路对地投影20m处为起点开始测量电视干扰的场强；The distributed measurement method is as follows: the antenna is placed on the vertical line of the lowest point of the sag of the lower straight line of the high-voltage transmission line to the ground and the vertical line of the high-voltage transmission line, and the distance from the side high-voltage transmission line to the projection of the ground is 20m as the starting point to start measurement. Interfering field strength;
对于耐张转角塔，以耐张转角塔跳线对地投影点为起点，开始测量电视干扰的场强。For the strain-resistant corner tower, start from the projection point of the jumper wire of the strain-resistant corner tower to the ground, and start to measure the field strength of TV interference.
所述步骤3中，根据记录的电视图像载频频点a0，估计电视干扰的频率范围，若电视干扰频率处于20～200MHz范围内，则采用双锥天线，若处于200MHz～2GHz范围内，则采用对数周期天线。In the step 3, estimate the frequency range of TV interference according to the recorded TV image carrier frequency point a0, if the TV interference frequency is in the range of 20-200MHz, then use the biconical antenna, if it is in the range of 200MHz-2GHz, then use Log Periodic Antenna.
所述步骤4包括以下步骤：Described step 4 comprises the following steps:
步骤4-1：选择电视干扰场强频率并进行干扰场强测试；Step 4-1: Select the frequency of TV interference field strength and conduct interference field strength test;
通过录制的电视画面，结合电视场强仪读出受干扰的电视载波频点，选取75MHz作为电视干扰场强频率之一，并将该频点作为参考评价频点进行场强测试；Through the recorded TV screen, combined with the TV field strength meter, read out the disturbed TV carrier frequency point, select 75MHz as one of the TV interference field strength frequencies, and use this frequency point as a reference evaluation frequency point for field strength testing;
步骤4-2：测量电视干扰的场强；Step 4-2: Measure the field strength of TV interference;
a0为电视图像载频频点，选择频点a1=a0-1，a2=a0+1的频点，进行电视干扰场强的测量，频点a1和a2对应的场强分别为N1和N2，由于干扰信号频谱连续，获得图像载频频点a0处产生的干扰场强N为（N1+N2）/2。a0 is the carrier frequency of the TV image. Select the frequency points a1=a0-1, a2=a0+1 to measure the TV interference field strength. The field strengths corresponding to the frequency points a1 and a2 are N1 and N2 respectively. The spectrum of the interference signal is continuous, and the interference field strength N generated at the image carrier frequency point a0 is (N1+N2)/2.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1.解决了在电视载波频点处干扰信号与电视信号本身产生交叠时干扰信号的测量问题；1. Solve the problem of measuring the interference signal when the interference signal overlaps with the TV signal itself at the TV carrier frequency point;
2.提出了在测量干扰信号场强同时录制电视画面的方法，有利于干扰信号与画面受干扰情况同步对比；2. A method of recording TV pictures while measuring the field strength of the interference signal is proposed, which is conducive to the simultaneous comparison of the interference signal and the interference situation of the picture;
3.针对高压输电线路特点，提出了测点位置选择、频率选择的原则与方法，对干扰的评估具有重要意义。3. According to the characteristics of high-voltage transmission lines, the principle and method of measuring point location selection and frequency selection are proposed, which is of great significance to the evaluation of interference.
4.本发明提出了一套针对高压输电线路电晕产生电视频段内的无线电干扰场强测量方法，填补了目前测试高压输电线路的电视干扰测试方法的空白。4. The present invention proposes a set of methods for measuring radio interference field strength in the TV band generated by the corona of high-voltage transmission lines, which fills in the blank of the current TV interference test method for testing high-voltage transmission lines.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是未受干扰前的电视画面录制示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the TV picture recording before being disturbed;
图2是标准电视载波频谱图；Fig. 2 is a standard TV carrier spectrum diagram;
图3是频点a1和a2处电视干扰场强的测量示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of TV interference field strength at frequency points a1 and a2;
图4是高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法流程图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a test method for TV interference on a high-voltage transmission line.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明提供一种高压输电线路电视干扰的测试方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：The invention provides a test method for TV interference of a high-voltage transmission line, said method comprising the following steps:
步骤1：分析被测地区的电视信号频段，并录制未受电视干扰前的电视画面；Step 1: Analyze the TV signal frequency band in the tested area, and record the TV picture before being interfered by TV;
步骤2：选择测量位置；Step 2: Select the measurement location;
步骤3：根据电视干扰的频率范围选择天线；Step 3: Select the antenna according to the frequency range of TV interference;
步骤4：选择电视干扰场强频率，并测量电视干扰的场强。Step 4: Select the frequency of the TV interference field strength and measure the field strength of the TV interference.
所述步骤1中，如图1，通过电视场强仪分析被测地区的电视信号频段，并录制未受电视干扰前的电视画面。In the step 1, as shown in Fig. 1, the TV signal frequency band of the measured area is analyzed by the TV field strength meter, and the TV picture before being disturbed by the TV is recorded.
未受电视干扰前的电视画面录制方法如下：The method of recording the TV screen before being disturbed by the TV is as follows:
在高压输电线路停止运行时或者远离被测高压输电线路至少500m的距离，通过天线采集信号，信号经分配器平均分配给电视场强仪（带频谱功能）及电视机（TV），所述电视场强仪一路信号连接电脑硬盘录制图像，另一路信号输入电视机，以摄像机摄制电视画面以记录图像质量，并记录电视图像载频频点a0（MHz）。When the high-voltage transmission line stops running or at least 500m away from the high-voltage transmission line under test, the signal is collected through the antenna, and the signal is evenly distributed to the TV field strength meter (with spectrum function) and the TV (TV) through the distributor. One signal of the field strength meter is connected to the computer hard disk to record images, and the other signal is input to the TV, and the video camera is used to shoot the TV screen to record the image quality, and record the TV image carrier frequency point a0 (MHz).
所述步骤2中，选择位于高压输电线路较低的直线档弧垂最低点附近及耐张转角塔附近作为测量位置。In the step 2, the location near the lowest sag point of the lower straight line of the high-voltage transmission line and the vicinity of the tension corner tower is selected as the measurement location.
对高压输电线路产生的电视干扰进行分布式测量，至少测量至边相外100m，若100m内有居民，则应在居民电视接收天线位置附近进行分布式测量。Distributed measurement of TV interference generated by high-voltage transmission lines, at least 100m away from the side phase, if there are residents within 100m, distributed measurement should be performed near the location of the resident TV receiving antenna.
分布式测量方法为：将天线置于高压输电线路较低的直线档弧垂最低点对地投影处与高压输电线路的垂线上，距离边高压输电线路对地投影20m处为起点开始测量电视干扰的场强；The distributed measurement method is as follows: the antenna is placed on the vertical line of the lowest point of the sag of the lower straight line of the high-voltage transmission line to the ground and the vertical line of the high-voltage transmission line, and the distance from the side high-voltage transmission line to the projection of the ground is 20m as the starting point to start measurement. Interfering field strength;
对于耐张转角塔，以耐张转角塔跳线对地投影点为起点，开始测量电视干扰的场强。要求测试点周围半径400m内平整，无高大建筑物、大批树林等障碍物，距离公路、工厂等较远。若耐张塔周围有居民反映电视画面受干扰，需在居民民房楼顶进行测试。For the strain-resistant corner tower, start from the projection point of the jumper wire of the strain-resistant corner tower to the ground, and start to measure the field strength of TV interference. It is required to be flat within a radius of 400m around the test point, without obstacles such as tall buildings and a large number of trees, and far away from roads and factories. If there are residents around the tension tower reporting that the TV screen is disturbed, it is necessary to conduct a test on the roof of the residential building.
所述步骤3中，根据记录的电视图像载频频点a0，估计电视干扰的频率范围，若电视干扰频率处于20～200MHz范围内，则采用双锥天线，若处于200MHz～2GHz范围内，则采用对数周期天线。In the step 3, estimate the frequency range of TV interference according to the recorded TV image carrier frequency point a0, if the TV interference frequency is in the range of 20-200MHz, then use the biconical antenna, if it is in the range of 200MHz-2GHz, then use Log Periodic Antenna.
所述步骤4包括以下步骤：Described step 4 comprises the following steps:
步骤4-1：选择电视干扰场强频率并进行干扰场强测试；Step 4-1: Select the frequency of TV interference field strength and conduct interference field strength test;
我国标准电视载波频谱如附图2，电视信号在通过无线广播发射或有线传输时，对图像信号采用残留边带调幅，残留部分为0.75MHz，过渡带为0.75MHz～1.25MHz，电视载波信号频点a0即位于残留部分内，每一路电视节目所占的频带为8MHz。对于我国电视信号而言，在75MHz频点上没有电视信号载波，因此推荐75MHz作为测试频率，以评估不同地区同一频点的干扰情况。若要考虑频率衰减，可自行增加合适频点，以避开电视信号频点为宜。my country's standard TV carrier spectrum is shown in Figure 2. When TV signals are transmitted through wireless broadcasting or cable transmission, the image signal is modulated with residual sidebands. The residual part is 0.75 MHz, and the transition band is 0.75 MHz to 1.25 MHz. Point a0 is located in the residual part, and the frequency band occupied by each TV program is 8MHz. For TV signals in my country, there is no TV signal carrier on the 75MHz frequency point, so 75MHz is recommended as the test frequency to evaluate the interference of the same frequency point in different regions. If you want to consider frequency attenuation, you can increase the appropriate frequency point by yourself, so as to avoid the frequency point of TV signal.
通过录制的电视画面，结合电视场强仪读出受干扰的电视载波频点，选取75MHz作为电视干扰场强频率之一，并将该频点作为参考评价频点进行场强测试；Through the recorded TV screen, combined with the TV field strength meter, read out the disturbed TV carrier frequency point, select 75MHz as one of the TV interference field strength frequencies, and use this frequency point as a reference evaluation frequency point for field strength testing;
步骤4-2：测量电视干扰的场强；Step 4-2: Measure the field strength of TV interference;
由于电晕产生的干扰场强在范围很宽，从零点几兆赫兹至上G赫兹，而且频谱是连续谱，因此在电视载波频点处干扰信号与电视信号本身产生交叠，为此，需要采用如图3单独获得由线路电晕产生的干扰信号场强。具体操作方法是：a0（MHz）为电视图像载频频点，选择频点a1=a0-1（MHz），a2=a0+1（MHz）的频点，进行电视干扰场强的测量，频点a1（MHz）和a2（MHz）对应的场强分别为N1和N2，由于干扰信号频谱连续，获得图像载频频点a0处产生的干扰场强N为（N1+N2）/2。通过实测的总场强（S）利用电磁场方法减掉干扰场强N可得到实际电视信号场强。Because the interference field strength produced by corona is very wide in range, from zero tenths of a megahertz to the upper G Hz, and the spectrum is a continuous spectrum, so the interference signal overlaps with the TV signal itself at the TV carrier frequency point, for this reason, it is necessary to use As shown in Figure 3, the field strength of the interference signal generated by the line corona is obtained separately. The specific operation method is: a0 (MHz) is the carrier frequency of the TV image, select the frequency points a1=a0-1 (MHz), a2=a0+1 (MHz), and measure the TV interference field strength. The field strengths corresponding to a1 (MHz) and a2 (MHz) are N1 and N2 respectively. Since the spectrum of the interference signal is continuous, the interference field strength N generated at the image carrier frequency point a0 is (N1+N2)/2. The actual TV signal field strength can be obtained by subtracting the interference field strength N from the measured total field strength (S) using the electromagnetic field method.
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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