CN103898867A - Spur dike, for inland waterway improvement, not connected with embankment - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于内河航道整治的不接岸丁坝，该不接岸丁坝是将一般丁坝的坝根段去除，坝体长度缩短，由两个坝头及中间坝体段组成。不接岸丁坝的平面线型宜布置为下挑丁坝或下挑丁顺坝，坝头位置与一般丁坝要求相同，近岸缺口段宽度满足河床稳定性确定，近岸坝头纵坡适当缓于一般丁坝坝头纵坡，以减小坝头冲刷深度，若冲刷深度偏大宜采取护底措施，其余坝体结构与一般丁坝相同。本发明通过对湘江铜官滩出口浅区的航道整治试验结果表明，采取不接岸丁坝的整治效果与接岸丁坝相当，但坝体长度有明显减小。
The invention discloses a non-bank spur dike used for regulation of inland waterways. The non-bank spur dike is composed of two dike heads and an intermediate dike body section with the root section of the common spur dike removed and the length of the dike body shortened. The planar alignment of spur dikes not connected to the shore should be arranged as down-pick spur dam or down-pick dingshun dam. The position of the dam head is the same as that of general spur dikes. The vertical slope at the head of the spur dike is to reduce the scour depth of the dike head. If the scour depth is too large, measures should be taken to protect the bottom. The rest of the dam body structure is the same as that of the general spur dike. According to the test results of the waterway regulation in the shallow area of the Tongguantan outlet of the Xiangjiang River, the present invention shows that the regulation effect of the spur dike not connected to the shore is equivalent to that of the spur dike connected to the shore, but the length of the dam body is significantly reduced.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于水利工程领域，尤其涉及一种用于内河航道整治的不接岸丁坝。The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to a non-bank spur dam used for regulation of inland waterways.
背景技术Background technique
浅滩是航道整治的主要整治对象，在进行内河浅滩整治时往往采用丁坝、丁顺坝束水导流的整治方法，坝高在中水位至最低通航水位之间，工程的实质是在洪水降落的最后阶段，提高冲刷能力，达到最低通航水位时的保证航深。The shoal is the main object of waterway regulation. The spur dam and Dingshun dam are often used to control water diversion in inland river shoal regulation. The height of the dam is between the middle water level and the lowest navigable water level. The essence of the project is when the flood lands In the final stage, the scour capacity is improved to reach the guaranteed voyage depth when the minimum navigable water level is reached.
丁坝是指一端与堤岸相接呈“T”字形的水土的建筑物，规范要求坝身纵向按一定坡度与河岸相接形成坝根。水位在坝头水位以下时，水流归槽束水攻沙；水位淹过坝顶以后，束水作用减弱，仍会促使泥沙在坝田淤积，但在坝根的上、下游会形成回流及螺旋流，如果河岸或洲滩不具备很强的抗冲刷性，在连接处容易被水流淘刷，使得坝体与岸坡分离，不仅使整治建筑物失去作用，而且可能使岸坡大面积垮塌，农田冲毁，造成严重后果。因此，须在坝根上下游一定范围内采取护岸措施。对于重要河流的险工段位置，水利部门往往不同意修建丁坝。A spur dam refers to a "T"-shaped water and soil building that is connected to the embankment at one end. The code requires that the dam body be connected to the river bank longitudinally at a certain slope to form the dam root. When the water level is below the water level at the head of the dam, the water flows back to the trough to trap water to attack sand; after the water level submerges the dam crest, the effect of water constriction is weakened, which will still promote sedimentation in the dam field, but backflow and Spiral flow, if the river bank or beach does not have strong erosion resistance, it is easy to be scoured by the water at the connection, which makes the dam body separate from the bank slope, which not only makes the remedial buildings useless, but also may cause large-scale collapse of the bank slope , farmland washed away, causing serious consequences. Therefore, bank protection measures must be taken within a certain range upstream and downstream of the dam root. For the location of dangerous sections of important rivers, water conservancy departments often disagree with the construction of spur dams.
我国在内河航道整治过程中广泛采用丁坝建筑物，在丁坝的设计与施工方面积累了丰富的经验。但在川江与湘江等大型山区河流中，当在边滩较宽阔且滩面高程较高的浅滩河段上修筑束水丁坝时，为了满足规范要求将坝根与河岸相接，丁坝的长度往往较长，筑坝工程量巨大；或当碍航浅区较长时，一道丁坝的束水作用长度有限，往往布置多道丁坝形成丁坝群，受上游丁坝掩护范围的影响，下游丁坝只有伸出其上游坝体的掩护范围的坝体长度才有效束窄浅区河宽。In my country, spur dike structures are widely used in the process of regulation of inland waterways, and rich experience has been accumulated in the design and construction of spur dikes. However, in large mountainous rivers such as the Chuanjiang River and the Xiangjiang River, when the Shushui spur dike is built on the shoal river section with a wide side beach and a high beach elevation, in order to meet the code requirements, the root of the spur dike is connected to the river bank, and the length of the spur dike is often or when the navigable shallow area is long, the length of water constriction of one spur dike is limited, and multiple spur dikes are often arranged to form a spur dike group. Affected by the cover range of the upstream spur dikes, the downstream spur dikes only protrude The length of the dam body in the shielding range of the upstream dam body is only effective when the beam is narrow and the river is wide in the shallow area.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于内河航道整治的不接岸丁坝，旨在解决如下问题：当在边滩较宽阔且滩面高程较高的浅滩河段上修筑束水丁坝时，为了满足规范要求将坝根与河岸相接，丁坝的长度往往较长，筑坝工程量巨大；当碍航浅区较长时，一道丁坝的束水作用长度有限，往往布置多道丁坝形成丁坝群，受上游丁坝掩护范围的影响，下游丁坝只有伸出其上游坝体的掩护范围的坝体长度才有效束窄浅区河宽。The object of the present invention is to provide a non-bank spur dam for regulation of inland waterways. It is required to connect the root of the dam to the river bank. The length of the spur dikes is often long, and the amount of dam construction is huge; when the navigable shallow area is long, the length of water constriction of one spur dike is limited, and multiple spur dikes are often arranged to form a spur dike group. Influenced by the shielding range of the upstream spur dike, the downstream spur dike is only effective if the length of the dam body extends beyond the shielding range of the upstream spur dike.
本发明是这样实现的，不接岸丁坝是将一般丁坝的坝根段去除，坝体长度缩短，由两个坝头及中间坝体段组成。The present invention is realized in this way. The spur dike not connected to the bank is to remove the dam root section of the general spur dike, shorten the length of the dam body, and consist of two dam heads and a middle dam body section.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的平面布置如下：Further, the plane layout of spur dikes not connected to the shore is as follows:
平面线型：宜布置为下挑丁坝，或下挑丁顺坝。Plane line type: It should be arranged as a down-pick spur dam or a down-pick Dingshun dam.
有效长度：坝头位置与一般丁坝要求相同，前伸至整治线位置，枯水主槽内的水流条件要求与一般丁坝相同，即满足束水攻沙及通航水力指标要求。Effective length: The position of the dam head is the same as that of general spur dikes, extending forward to the position of the regulation line, and the requirements of water flow conditions in the main channel of dry water are the same as those of general spur dikes, that is, meeting the hydraulic index requirements of beaming water for sand attack and navigation.
近岸缺口段宽度：满足河床稳定性确定，要求筑坝后缺口流速的增加值小，中枯水流量下小于床沙起动流速要求。The width of the near-shore gap section: to meet the determination of the stability of the river bed, it is required that the increase value of the gap flow velocity after dam construction is small, and the flow rate of the medium and low water is less than the requirement of the starting velocity of the bed sand.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的近岸坝头设计如下：Furthermore, the design of the nearshore head of spur dike not connected to the shore is as follows:
坝头纵坡可适当缓于一般丁坝坝头纵坡，以减小坝头冲刷深度；若冲刷深度偏大宜采取护底措施。The longitudinal slope at the head of the dam head may be appropriately slower than that of common spur dikes to reduce the scouring depth of the dam head; if the scouring depth is too large, bottom protection measures should be taken.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的其余坝体结构与一般丁坝相同。Furthermore, the rest of the dam body structure of the spur dike not connected to the shore is the same as that of the general spur dike.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的适用条件为：边滩宽阔、滩面高程较高的沙质河床或沙卵石河床浅滩，且近岸缓回流区范围较宽的河段。Furthermore, the applicable conditions for spur dikes not connected to the shore are: sandy river beds or sandy pebble river bed shoals with wide side beaches and high beach surface elevations, and river sections with a wide range of near-shore slow return areas.
效果汇总Effect summary
本发明通过对湘江铜官滩出口浅区的航道整治试验结果表明，采取不接岸丁坝的整治效果与接岸丁坝相当，但坝体长度有明显减小。According to the test results of the waterway regulation in the shallow area of the Tongguantan outlet of the Xiangjiang River, the present invention shows that the regulation effect of the spur dike not connected to the shore is equivalent to that of the spur dike connected to the shore, but the length of the dam body is significantly reduced.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的普通丁坝的纵剖面图；Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of the common spur dike that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
图2是本发明实施例提供的不接岸丁坝的纵剖面图；Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of the spur dike not connected to the bank provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的湘江铜官滩出口浅区整治方案平面布置图；Fig. 3 is a plane layout diagram of the improvement plan for the shallow area of Tongguantan outlet of Xiangjiang River provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的整治流量760m3/s（湘阴水位22.2m）滩段流速分布图；Fig. 4 is the flow velocity distribution diagram of the shoal section with a regulation flow rate of 760m 3 /s (Xiangyin water level 22.2m) provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例提供的多年平均流量2380m3/s（湘阴水位28m）滩段流速分布图；Fig. 5 is the flow velocity distribution diagram of the beach section with the multi-year average flow rate of 2380m 3 /s (Xiangyin water level 28m) provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例提供的接岸与不接岸丁坝左岸间缺口水域最大流速变化(m/s)Fig. 6 is the maximum flow velocity change (m/s) in the gap water area between the left bank of spur dams provided by the embodiment of the present invention and those not connected to the bank
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
本发明是这样实现的，不接岸丁坝是将一般丁坝的坝根段去除，坝体长度缩短，由两个坝头及中间坝体段组成。The present invention is realized in this way. The spur dike not connected to the bank is to remove the dam root section of the general spur dike, shorten the length of the dam body, and consist of two dam heads and a middle dam body section.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的平面布置如下：Further, the plane layout of spur dikes not connected to the shore is as follows:
平面线型：宜布置为下挑丁坝，或下挑丁顺坝。Plane line type: It should be arranged as a down-pick spur dam or a down-pick Dingshun dam.
有效长度：坝头位置与一般丁坝要求相同，前伸至整治线位置，枯水主槽内的水流条件要求与一般丁坝相同，即满足束水攻沙及通航水力指标要求。Effective length: The position of the dam head is the same as that of general spur dikes, extending forward to the position of the regulation line, and the requirements of water flow conditions in the main channel of dry water are the same as those of general spur dikes, that is, meeting the hydraulic index requirements of beaming water for sand attack and navigation.
近岸缺口段宽度：满足河床稳定性确定，要求筑坝后缺口流速的增加值小，中枯水流量下小于床沙起动流速要求。The width of the near-shore gap section: to meet the determination of the stability of the river bed, it is required that the increase value of the gap flow velocity after dam construction is small, and the flow rate of the medium and low water is less than the requirement of the starting velocity of the bed sand.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的近岸坝头设计如下：Furthermore, the design of the nearshore head of spur dike not connected to the shore is as follows:
坝头纵坡可适当缓于一般丁坝坝头纵坡，以减小坝头冲刷深度；若冲刷深度偏大宜采取护底措施。The longitudinal slope at the head of the dam head may be appropriately slower than that of common spur dikes to reduce the scouring depth of the dam head; if the scouring depth is too large, bottom protection measures should be taken.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的其余坝体结构与一般丁坝相同。Furthermore, the rest of the dam body structure of the spur dike not connected to the shore is the same as that of the general spur dike.
进一步，不接岸丁坝的适用条件为：边滩宽阔、滩面高程较高的河床沙质或沙卵石河床浅滩，且近岸缓回流区范围较宽的河段。Furthermore, the applicable conditions for spur dikes not connected to the shore are: wide side beach, high beach elevation, sandy or sandy pebble river bed shoal, and a wide range of near-shore slow return zone.
本发明通过定床加沙河工物理模型试验，对湘江铜官滩出口浅区的左岸丁坝的布置方案及其整治效果进行对比研究，模型比尺λL＝240，λH＝80。研究河段进口距离长沙北大桥约15.8km，出口位于长沙电厂取水口下游900m处，研究河段全长19.5km。The present invention conducts a comparative study on the arrangement of spur dikes on the left bank of the Tongguantan outlet shallow area of the Xiangjiang River and its improvement effects through physical model tests on the fixed-bed Gasha River. The scale of the model is λ L =240, and λ H =80. The entrance of the research river section is about 15.8km away from the Changsha North Bridge, and the outlet is located 900m downstream of the water intake of the Changsha Power Plant. The total length of the research river section is 19.5km.
铜官滩出口浅区横断面形态较为宽浅，河底最大高差仅1m左右。试验表明挖槽的稳定性较差，故在左岸已建丁坝群下方、挖槽区上口左岸位置丁坝，束窄枯水河床，以增大浅区流速。坝头高程与历史整治相同、仍取设计水位上2.0m，整治线宽度390m。The cross-sectional shape of the shallow area at the exit of Tongguantan is relatively wide and shallow, and the maximum height difference of the river bottom is only about 1m. Tests have shown that the stability of the excavated trenches is poor, so spur dikes on the left bank below the existing puddle group and on the left bank at the upper mouth of the trenched area narrow the low-water riverbed to increase the flow velocity in the shallow area. The elevation of the dam head is the same as that of the historical renovation, still taking 2.0m above the design water level, and the width of the renovation line is 390m.
为增大挖槽区流速，若在左岸布置一道普通接岸丁坝，丁坝长度将达460m，若布置为不接岸丁坝，其平面布置如图3、纵剖面布置如图2，丁坝长度缩短至约330m。In order to increase the flow velocity in the trenching area, if an ordinary spur dike is arranged on the left bank, the length of the spur dike will reach 460m; if it is arranged without a dike, the plane layout is shown in Figure 3, and the longitudinal section layout is shown in Figure 2, and the length of the spur dike is shortened to about 330m .
不接岸丁坝方案在整治流量760m3/s、多年平均流量Q=2380m3/s的流速分布见图4、图5。在=760m3/s流量下坝头露出水面，河槽束窄后挖槽区流速与460m长的接岸丁坝方案相近，铜官滩及其出口浅区断面间河槽沿程流速大小基本相近，挖槽中上段流速为床沙起动流速的约1.5倍，利于汛后枯水航槽冲刷，坝头附近流态平顺。See Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 for flow velocity distribution of spur dam not connected to the shore when the remediation flow is 760m 3 /s and the multi-year average flow Q=2380m 3 /s. At a flow rate of =760m 3 /s, the head of the dam is exposed to the water surface, and the flow velocity in the excavation area after the channel bundle is narrow is similar to that of the 460m-long spur dam scheme. The flow velocity in the middle and upper section is about 1.5 times of the starting flow velocity of the bed sand, which is beneficial to scour the dry water channel after the flood, and the flow state near the head of the dam is smooth.
中洪水流量下坝体淹没，江心坝头附近挑流较弱，但近岸坝头与河岸间缺口过流，226#～240#断面间此缺口及其下游水域流速变化见图6。试验结果表明，在多年平均流量Q=2380m3/s、平均洪水流量7850m3/s下，不接岸丁坝方案缺口区域流速仅比无方案分别大约0.1～0.2m/s，但主槽与方案460m长的一般接岸丁坝方案的流速分布接近。在Q=2380m3/s、7850m3/s时缺口处滩面床沙D50床沙的起动流速分别为0.73m/s、1.22m/s，表明缺口仅在洪水流量下仅有少量泥沙起动，河床基本稳定。The dam body is submerged under moderate flood flow, and the deflection flow is weak near the dam head in the middle of the river, but the gap between the near-shore dam head and the river bank flows through. The flow velocity changes in this gap and its downstream waters between sections 226#～240# are shown in Figure 6. The test results show that under the multi-year average flow rate Q=2380m 3 /s and the average flood flow rate of 7850m 3 /s, the flow velocity in the gap area of the non-bank spur dike scheme is only about 0.1-0.2m/s compared with that without the scheme, but the main channel is 460m/s away from the scheme. The flow velocity distribution of the long general spur dike scheme is similar. When Q=2380m 3 /s and 7850m 3 /s, the starting flow velocity of D 50 bed sand at the gap is 0.73m/s and 1.22m/s respectively, indicating that the gap only has a small amount of sediment under the flood flow Start, the river bed is basically stable.
上述试验结果表明，采取不接岸丁坝的整治效果与接岸丁坝相当，但坝体长度有明显减小，采取不接岸丁坝方案是可行的。The above test results show that the remediation effect of spur dikes not connected to the shore is equivalent to that of spur dikes connected to the shore, but the length of the dam body is significantly reduced, and it is feasible to adopt the spur dike not connected to the shore.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围之内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay any creative effort. Various modifications or deformations that can be made by labor are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
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Cited By (9)
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| CN104153320A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-19 | 重庆交通大学 | A pebble shoal regulation method that strengthens the dry-water branch pattern |
| CN106120640A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 上海朗兆公路铁路养护工程技术有限公司 | A kind of construction method preventing and treating mountain stream bridge foundation washout |
| CN107330228A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-07 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of cruiseway regulating structure major dimension determines method |
| CN108442310A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-24 | 桑德生态科技有限公司 | A kind of city inland river beam water erosion and deposition method |
| CN108612042A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-10-02 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Local overcurrent ecotype groynes |
| CN109338987A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Inland river eco-river control groynes group |
| CN109797704A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-05-24 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of mixed type ecology makes beach engineering |
| CN109933930A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-25 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of cruiseway groynes river bottom protection range determining method |
| CN117216831A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-12-12 | 中铁交通投资集团有限公司 | Highway water damage protection design method based on river bend water sand regulation and control |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104153320A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-19 | 重庆交通大学 | A pebble shoal regulation method that strengthens the dry-water branch pattern |
| CN106120640A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 上海朗兆公路铁路养护工程技术有限公司 | A kind of construction method preventing and treating mountain stream bridge foundation washout |
| CN107330228B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2020-07-17 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Method for determining main size of inland waterway renovation building |
| CN107330228A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-07 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of cruiseway regulating structure major dimension determines method |
| CN108442310B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-08-25 | 桑德生态科技有限公司 | Urban inland river water sludging method |
| CN108442310A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-24 | 桑德生态科技有限公司 | A kind of city inland river beam water erosion and deposition method |
| CN108612042A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-10-02 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Local overcurrent ecotype groynes |
| CN109338987A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Inland river eco-river control groynes group |
| CN109338987B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2023-09-26 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Inland river ecological renovation spur dike group |
| CN109933930A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-25 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of cruiseway groynes river bottom protection range determining method |
| CN109933930B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-11-04 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Method for determining bottom protection range of spur dike of inland waterway |
| CN109797704A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-05-24 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of mixed type ecology makes beach engineering |
| CN117216831A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-12-12 | 中铁交通投资集团有限公司 | Highway water damage protection design method based on river bend water sand regulation and control |
| CN117216831B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2024-06-07 | 中铁交通投资集团有限公司 | Highway water damage protection design method based on river bend water sand regulation and control |
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