CN103889502B - 用于锚定与可植入性神经肌肉电刺激器一起使用的电极引导件的设备 - Google Patents
用于锚定与可植入性神经肌肉电刺激器一起使用的电极引导件的设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的设备。可应用被配置以被固定于解剖学结构的锚定件和适于脊柱肌肉和/或支配一种或多种有助于脊柱稳定性的肌肉的神经的神经肌肉刺激的电极引导件。电极引导件被配置以经由耦联部件耦联于锚定件,通过将耦联部件第一端固定于电极引导件和将耦联部件第二端固定于锚定件的小孔,将电极引导件布置在患者体内的预期解剖学部位。
Description
I.发明领域
本申请总体上涉及在体内锚定医疗装置如电刺激引导件、导管或其他大致细长形或管形装置的设备和方法。
II.发明背景
很多医疗装置包括需要被布置在特定解剖学部位的细长形或管形元件。这种装置包括心脏起搏器、脊髓刺激器、外周神经刺激器和药物递送导管。
在心脏起搏器的情况下,例如,可使引导件穿过静脉,和然后利用固定元件在引导件的远侧尖端处锚定,以防止移位。这种固定元件可以是固定在心室小梁中的叉、鳍或螺钉。
通常,需要应用微创方法植入和锚定医疗装置,并且对于多种装置而言,优选通过小切口的经皮方法。经皮方法的一个缺点是相对大且复杂的锚定机构无法通过切口或者用针、导管或插管布置。此外,在多种情况下,不存在可方便锚定医疗装置的解剖学结构。
脊髓刺激器(SCS)可包括可植入性脉冲发生器(IPG),其连接于一个或多个引导件,其中一个或多个电极被配置以输送电能至脊髓,从而阻止疼痛信号到达脑。电极位置的小变化可在一些情况下不利地影响系统有效递送治疗的能力。在脊柱管内部提供锚定机构以锚定SCS引导件可能是不实际的或不可行的。固定引导件的常规技术是利用固定于引导件本体和用缝线连接于浅筋膜的结扎套或缝线套来稳定引导件。这种技术虽然常用,但具有包括引导件移位显著发生的缺点。其他缺点是浅表组织通常与目标刺激组织具有不期望的距离。任何导致浅筋膜和目标刺激组织之间的相对距离改变的患者姿势变化都会导致张力被施加于引导件本体并且随后电极移动。
Sachs的美国专利申请公开号2008/0228241和Crosby等的美国专利申请公开号2011/0224665——均被转让于本发明的受让人,并且其全部内容均被引入本文作为参考——描述了植入型电刺激装置,其被设计以恢复神经驱动和恢复多裂肌,以提高脊柱稳定性。不是掩蔽疼痛信号——此时患者脊柱稳定性可能发生进一步恶化,这些申请中描述的刺激器系统被设计以强化稳定脊柱的肌肉,进而预期其减少永久性或复发性疼痛。Sachs和Crosby还描述外周神经刺激,其中电能被施加于神经,引起生理变化,如引起肌肉收缩或阻止疼痛信号进入外周神经。
虽然Sachs和Crosby在申请中描述的刺激器系统意图恢复多裂肌和恢复神经驱动,但那些系统的应用必须在预定解剖学部位如后支神经的中侧支附近植入一个或多个电极引导件,以引起腰部多裂肌收缩。关于该应用,引导件远端附近没有允许在引导件上应用常规锚定机构的、方便的解剖学结构。如上所述锚定引导件于浅筋膜可以在多种情况下是有效的,但仍可容易产生移位问题,其可阻碍适宜的治疗递送。
锚定医疗装置的挑战延伸到了电刺激以外。例如,鞘内泵是这样的医疗装置,其被配置以递送小计量量的包含药物的流体至目标组织如脊髓。药物可通过布置在脊柱管中的小导管被递送,并且移位问题类似于上述那些。需要提供更有效锚定导管以防止移位和药物错失其意向目标或递送至错误部位的可能性的机构。
Wilken等人的美国专利申请号2009/0259280公开了包括偶联部分、生物可侵蚀锚定部分以及生物可侵蚀保持器的设备。偶联部分被配置以偶联到电导体。生物可侵蚀保持部分被配置以在生物可侵蚀保持部分处于其扩展构型时相对于身体组织锚定电导体。生物可侵蚀保持器偶联到生物可侵蚀锚定部分并且被配置以阻止生物可侵蚀锚定部分从折叠构型到扩展构型的运动。
需要提供这样的电极引导件和植入方法:其中引导件被固定地锚定在患者体内,从而降低引导件移位的风险。
进一步需要提供这样的电极引导件和植入方法:其中锚定机构可利用经皮方法、针、导管和/或插管来布置。
III.发明概述
本发明通过提供利用耦联部件将电极引导件或其他医疗装置系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的设备和方法克服了此前已知系统的缺点。解剖学结构可包括骨骼结构,例如,骨、韧带、腱和/或筋膜。可应用至少一个锚定件——其被配置以固定于解剖学结构——和至少一个电极引导件——其适于脊柱肌肉和/或支配一种或多种有助于脊柱稳定性的肌肉的神经的神经肌肉刺激。电极引导件可被配置以经由耦联部件例如缝线耦联于锚定件,通过将耦联部件第一端固定于电极引导件和将耦联部件第二端固定于锚定件的小孔,将电极引导件布置在患者体内的预期解剖学部位。
IV.附图简述
图1A和1B示例利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的示例性成套组件(kit)。
图2显示适用于神经肌肉电刺激系统的锚定电极引导件的示例性方法。
图3A显示在引导件上电极近侧的开孔处锚定耦联于锚定件的电极引导件的示例性方法。
图3B显示利用第二锚定件和第二耦联部件锚定图3A的电极引导件的示例性方法。
图4A和4B显示在引导件上电极远侧的开孔处锚定耦联于锚定件的电极引导件的示例性方法。
图5A和5B显示在引导件上电极近侧开孔处锚定耦联于锚定件的电极引导件的可选方法。
图6示例适用于利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的成套组件的示例性锚定件。
图7A和7B是可选的适用于利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的成套组件的锚定件的剖视图。
图8A显示适用于利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的成套组件的集成部件。
图8B显示可选的适用于利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构的成套组件的集成部件。
V.发明详述
本发明涉及适用于如上文合并的Sachs的美国专利申请公开号2008/0228241和Crosby的美国专利申请公开号2011/0224665所述的可植入性神经肌肉电刺激("NMES")装置的、锚定电极引导件的方法和设备。那些申请所描述的装置向支配脊柱肌肉如多裂肌的神经供应电脉冲,并且引起那些肌肉收缩,从而实施被设计以恢复神经控制和恢复肌肉的治疗。可植入性刺激器被皮下布置,并且耦联于一个或多个电极引导件,该电极引导件的电极接触目标肌肉、或支配目标肌肉的神经、或与肌肉关联的其它解剖学结构,如韧带和腱。通过刺激器供应的NMES刺激应用与此前已知的脊髓刺激治疗装置所用的那些非常不同的脉冲机制(regime),此前已知的脊髓刺激治疗装置的刺激目的仅仅是减少或阻碍疼痛信号向患者脑传导,而不是恢复肌肉。
虽然NMES电极引导件可利用常规锚定机构——其被布置在用于刺激某些解剖学部位的引导件的远端——被锚定于解剖学结构,例如骨骼结构,但多个解剖学部位不具有对于常规锚定而言方便定位于其附近的解剖学结构。因此,本发明涉及利用微创或经皮技术、通过耦联于至少一个耦联部件的至少一个锚定件将刺激引导件锚定在解剖学结构中。有利地,利用耦联部件可改变刺激引导件和锚定件之间的距离,以使引导件接近预期的解剖学部位。
参考图1A和1B,描述利用耦联部件将电极引导件系留于患者体内的解剖学结构例如骨骼结构的示例性成套组件10和10'。在图1A和1B中,相同的元件以相同的加撇的数字(like-primednumbers)描述。成套组件10优选地包括引导件11和锚定件12。引导件11可具有布置在引导件11的远端15的开孔13和至少一个电极14。
电极14被配置以递送电能,并且可以是本领域已知的刺激电极。引导件11示例性地包括三个电极14,但本公开的范围不限于此。锚定件12可被配置以锚定于矫形外科学领域已知的骨骼结构,并且可包括小孔16和倒刺17。锚定件12可包括聚合物、金属、复合材料、陶瓷和/或异体移植物(allograft),并且可利用耦联部件18耦联于引导件11。耦联部件18具有第一和第二端19和20,并且可选自本领域公知的多种类型的生物相容性材料,包括聚合物或金属合金,并且可以是编制的或单丝的,合成的或天然的,和/或可生物降解的。耦联部件18可以是刚性的,从而保持引导件11和锚定件12之间的距离,例如,在组织挤压过程中;或者可以是挠性的,使得引导件11和锚定件12之间的距离可变。
耦联部件18的第一端19可耦联于引导件11的所示开孔13处,或可利用具有预形成的结、围绕引导件的套环或穿刺引导件的钩的耦联部件耦联于引导件11。可选地,引导件可具有这样的部分:其由比引导件本体其余部分更具柔性的材料构成,使得在耦联部件18被系于引导件周围时耦联部件18挤压该部分。挤压使得耦联部件18稳固地连接于引导件,而不增加引导件本体的整体外径。耦联部件18可以是挠性的。
耦联部件18的第二端20可经由小孔16耦联于锚定件12。第二端20可系于小孔16或穿过小孔16,使得第二端20可被提拉,从而将引导件11布置在患者体内的期望解剖学部位。
参考图1B,成套组件10'的构建与图1A的成套组件10基本上一致,其中相同的组件通过相同的加撇的参考数字识别。因此,例如,图1B中的引导件11’对应于图1A的引导件11,等等。通过比较图1A和1B将观察到,耦联部件18的第一端19可耦联于引导件11的远端15上的不同位置处。例如,开孔13被布置在电极14远侧,耦联部件18的第一端19被耦联于图1A中的开孔13。但是,在图1B中,开孔13'被布置在电极14'近侧,耦联部件18'的第一端19'被耦联于开孔13'。
虽然成套组件示例性地包括电极引导件,但成套组件可任意地包括可选的医疗装置,如导管或其他大致管形的医疗装置。此外,虽然将锚定件描述为被配置以锚定于骨骼结构,但锚定件可任意地被配置以锚定于任何方便的、提供稳定定位的解剖学结构,如韧带、关节囊、纤维膜、腱、筋膜及类似结构。
参考图2,描述成套组件10的布置。利用荧光透视、超声、解剖学或CT引导,针、插管或导管被递送至骨骼结构,例如,脊椎V的横突。利用本领域已知的外科工具和技术,通过针、插管或导管推动钻头,在骨骼结构中钻孔。该孔洞优选在骨骼结构中钻入约21/2-3mm深。然后锚定件12被递送至该孔洞,并通过倒刺17或本领域已知的其他固定元件如螺纹、叉或钩被固定在该孔洞中。优选地,递送已通过耦联部件18与引导件11耦联的锚定件12,但可在锚定件12固定于骨骼结构后利用耦联部件18使引导件11耦联于锚定件12。耦联部件18的长度可基于引导件11上电极14的期望定位来选择。例如,耦联部件18的长度被确定,使得电极14将在锚定件12固定于脊椎V的横突时接近于后支DR神经的内侧支。有利地,稳固地固定于骨骼结构的引导件11和电极14可用于刺激解剖学部位,该解剖学部位无需直接相邻于骨骼结构。
现参考图3A,描述成套组件10'的布置。以类似于上文关于图2所述的方式,针、插管或导管被递送至骨骼结构,例如,与上关节突的接合处附近的脊椎V的横突。然后通过针、插管或导管推动钻头,钻孔,并将锚定件12'固定在骨骼结构中的孔洞中。优选地,递送已通过耦联部件18'与引导件11’耦联的锚定件12',但是可在锚定件12'固定于骨骼结构后利用耦联部件18'可使引导件11’耦联于锚定件12'。耦联部件18'的长度可基于引导件11’的电极14'的期望定位来选择。例如,耦联部件18'的长度被确定,使得电极14'将在锚定件12'固定于脊椎V的横突时接近于后支DR神经的内侧支。有益地,由于开孔13'处于引导件11’上电极14'的近侧,电极14'可用于刺激固定锚定件12'的骨骼结构的远侧的解剖学部位。
图3B显示成套组件10'进一步包括第二锚定件21和第二耦联部件22的实施方式。第二锚定件21可类似于锚定件12,并且第二耦联部件22可类似于耦联部件18,并且其均可以类似方式布置,因此不再详细描述。在此实施方式中,锚定件21被固定于脊椎V。耦联部件22耦联于锚定件21和引导件11’的开孔13'处,但耦联部件22可耦联于引导件11’的单独开孔处或引导件11’的另一部分。有利地,第二锚定件21可与锚定件12'一起应用,以使引导件11’固定在期望的解剖学部位。
锚定件12'和21可通过相同的针或插管或通过不同的针或插管被递送和固定,也可被相继递送。现描述通过相同的针或插管布置锚定件12'和21的实施方式。已连接耦联部件18'的锚定件12'和已连接耦联部件22的锚定件21可被负载在针或插管的腔中。然后将锚定件12'锚定于解剖学结构,例如骨骼结构,使得耦联部件18'留在针或插管的腔中。然后将针或插管重新定位于解剖学结构,例如骨骼结构的不同部分,并将锚定件21锚定于解剖学结构。然后可将引导件11’可插入针或插管的腔并通过调节耦联部件22和18'中任一者或二者的距离将其定位于期望的解剖学部位。
关于图4A和4B,描述可选的布置成套组件10的实施方式。以类似于上文关于图2-3描述的方式,将针、插管或导管递送至骨骼结构,例如脊椎V的椎弓根。然后通过针、插管或导管推动钻头,钻孔,并将锚定件12固定在骨骼结构中的孔洞中。优选地,通过使耦联部件18的第二端20穿过锚定件12的小孔16,递送已与耦联部件18耦联的锚定件12。耦联部件18可被预先负载在锚定件12上,或可在递送前耦联。耦联部件18的长度可被确定,使得耦联部件18的第一和第二端19和20在锚定件12被固定在骨骼结构中时留在患者皮肤S外。然后引导件11可被耦联于耦联部件11的第一端19,如图4A所示。然后耦联部件18的第二端20可被提拉,以使耦联部件18穿过小孔16,从而利用例如荧光透视、声学、解剖学或CT引导使引导件11接近患者体内的预期解剖学部位。如图4B所示,电极14例如被布置在后支DR神经的内侧支附近。
参考图5A和5B,描述示例性成套组件10"的布置。成套组件10"的构建与图1B的成套组件10'基本上一致,其中相同的组件通过相同的加撇的参考数字识别。如果比较图5A和1B将观察到,引导件11’和11"可具有不同数量的电极14'和14"。例如,引导件11’例如包括三个电极14',引导件11"例如包括八个电极14"。以类似于上文关于图2-4描述的方式,针、插管或导管被递送至骨骼结构,例如脊椎V的棘突SP的下方——进入硬膜外腔所通过的孔洞的紧后方。然后通过针、插管或导管推动钻头,钻孔,并将锚定件12"固定在骨骼结构中的孔洞中。优选地,通过使耦联部件18"的第二端20"穿过锚定件12"的小孔16",递送已与耦联部件18"耦联的锚定件12"。耦联部件18"可被预先负载在锚定件12"上,或可在递送前耦联。耦联部件18"的长度可被确定,使得耦联部件18"的第一和第二端19"和20"在锚定件12"被固定在骨骼结构中时留在患者皮肤S外。然后引导件11"可被耦联于耦联部件11"的第一端19",如图5A所示。然后耦联部件18"的第二端20"可被提拉,以使耦联部件18"穿过小孔16",从而利用例如荧光透视、超声、解剖学或CT引导使引导件11"接近患者体内的预期解剖学部位。预成形通管丝、可操纵通管丝或引导导管可用于使引导件11"接近预期的解剖学部位。如图5B所示,电极14"例如被布置在硬膜外腔中,使得电极14"可刺激脊柱管内的部位。在引导件11"被推动至预期解剖学部位后,耦联部件18"可被锁定在适当位置,以防止引导件11"进一步移动。通过在耦联部件18"的第一和第二端19"和20"之间系结和利用例如结推工具(knotpushingtool)将该结推动至引导件11"的开孔13",耦联部件18"可被锁定在适当位置。然后第一和第二端19"和20"可被切割成适当的长度,以使被切割的耦联部件端部留在患者皮肤S下方。
现参考图6,描述锚定机构,其可替代锚定件12、12'、12"或21用于成套组件10、10'或10"。锚定件30可被配置以锚定于如矫形外科学领域已知的骨骼结构,并且可包括细长形小孔31、凸肩32和倒刺33或本领域已知的其他固定元件,如螺纹、叉或钩。锚定件30可包括聚合物、金属、复合材料、陶瓷和/或异体移植物。细长形小孔31被配置以在无结的情况下使耦联部件锁定在适当位置,并且包括大直径部分34和小直径部分35。在布置锚定件30的过程中,耦联部件可通过细长形小孔31被布置。管形元件如插管或导管可被布置在锚定件30的近侧直径上,并被推动至凸肩32以使耦联部件定位在较大直径部分34中,允许耦联部件自由移动通过细长形小孔31。引导件可如上所述被布置于预期的解剖学部位。在引导件被位置在该部位后,移除管形部件。然后耦联部件可被提拉,以使耦联部件移入小直径部分35。小直径部分35的减少的直径被配置以挤压耦联部件并将其锁定在适当位置。小直径部分35可包括如下要素:如螺纹,粗糙表面或突起,从而有助于耦联部件的保留和防止耦联部件滑回到大直径部分34中。
参考图7A和7B,描述可选的锚定机构,其可替代锚定件12、12'、12"或21用于成套组件10、10'或10"。锚定件40可被配置以锚定于如矫形外科学领域已知的骨骼结构,并且可包括小孔41、锁定部件42和倒刺43或本领域已知的其它固定元件,如螺纹、叉或钩。锚定件40可包括聚合物、金属、复合材料、陶瓷和/或异体移植物。锁定部件42具有偏移直径(offsetdiameter),并且被配置以在无结的情况下将耦联部件锁定在小孔41中的适当位置,允许耦联部件44以一个方向行进穿过小孔41和防止耦联部件44以不同的方向行进穿过小孔41。在锚定件40的布置过程中,耦联部件44可通过小孔41被布置。在耦联部件44如图7A所示被推动时,锁定部件42撤回并且耦联部件44自由地穿过小孔41。耦联部件44可被推动,从而例如使电极引导件接近预期的解剖学部位。在耦联部件44如图7B所示以不同的方向移动时,锁定部件42啮合并且挤压耦联部件44,以防止锚定件40和耦联部件44之间相对移动,从而稳定电极引导件的位置。
参考图8A和8B,描述集成部件,其可替代锚定件12、12'、12"或21和耦联部件18、18'、18"或22用于成套组件10、10'或10"。集成部件50、50'分别包括锚定件51、51’和耦联部件52、52'。锚定件51和51’可被配置以锚定于矫形外科学领域已知的骨骼结构,并且可分别包括倒刺53、53',或本领域已知的其它固定元件如螺纹、叉或钩。锚定件51和51’可包括聚合物、金属、复合材料、陶瓷和/或异体移植物。
图8A所示的集成部件50的耦联部件52可包括聚合物如硅橡胶、金属、复合材料、陶瓷和/或异体移植物,并且包括通孔54和锁定部件55、或本领域已知的其它锁定部件,如可利用卷边(crimping)或棘轮(click)锁定来紧固的锁定部件。通孔54被配置以接收医疗装置如电极引导件。在集成部件50的布置过程中,锚定件51可被锚定于骨骼结构,如上所述,并且电极引导件可利用针、插管和/或导丝被插入通孔54,以使电极引导件接近预期的解剖学部位。然后引导件可利用锁定部件55被锁定在适当位置,该锁定部件55例如包括可被拉紧以使电极引导件保持在适当位置的缝线。
图8B所示的集成部件50'的耦联部件52'可包括聚合物如硅橡胶,并且包括锁定部件55'、或本领域已知的其它锁定部件,如可利用卷边或棘轮锁定来紧固的锁定部件。在集成部件50'的布置过程中,锚定件51’可被锚定于骨骼结构,如上所述,并且电极引导件可利用针或插管被插入通过耦联部件52'的部分,以使电极引导件接近预期的解剖学部位。然后引导件可利用锁定部件55'被锁定在适当位置,该锁定部件55'例如包括可被拉紧以使电极引导件保持在适当位置的缝线。
有利地,认为耦联于集成部件50或50'的电极引导件相对于锚定该集成部件的骨骼结构发生最小的移动。
在可选的实施方式中,提供已利用图1A至5的耦联部件18、18'、18"或22与引导件预先连接的集成部件50、50'。在此实施方式中,集成部件50、50'可如上所述被锚定于解剖学结构,并且可利用预先连接的耦联部件使电极引导件接近预期的解剖学部位,如上文参考图2至5所述。
当然应理解,本发明的范围包括提供多裂肌的双侧刺激训练。进一步应理解,可通过引导件刺激多个水平,例如后支L3、L4和L5的内侧支,从而以最大程度训练多裂肌。虽然将后支神经作为目标刺激神经进行描述,但除脊柱稳定肌肉(例如,腹横肌、腰肌、棘间肌、最长肌、髂肋肌、横突间肌、方肌)以外的一种或多种其他解剖学结构如韧带、腱、筋膜和/或神经的刺激可包括充分的治疗也在本专利的范围内。
虽然上文描述了本发明的不同示例性实施方式,但对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,其中可进行多种改变和改动,而没有脱离本发明。所附权利要求意图覆盖落入本发明实际范围内的所有这种改变和改动。
Claims (11)
1.系留的电极引导件,包括:
具有第一和第二端的耦联部件;和
成套组件,其包括电极引导件,所述电极引导件具有包括开孔的远端和具有小孔的锚定件,所述锚定件被配置以固定于解剖学结构,
其中所述电极引导件被配置以经由所述耦联部件耦联于所述锚定件,通过将所述耦联部件的所述第一端固定于所述电极引导件中的所述开孔和使所述耦联部件的所述第二端通过所述小孔,将所述电极引导件布置在患者体内的预期解剖学部位,和
其中所述电极引导件和所述锚定件之间的距离可利用所述偶联部件改变。
2.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述耦联部件的所述第二端被配置以被提拉,以使所述耦联部件穿过所述小孔,从而将所述电极引导件布置在所述患者体内的预期解剖学部位。
3.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述电极引导件包括套环,所述套环围绕所述引导件并具有所述开孔。
4.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述电极引导件包括电极,所述电极被配置以刺激所述预期解剖学部位。
5.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述开孔被布置在所述电极引导件上、所述电极远侧。
6.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述开孔被布置在所述电极引导件上、所述电极近侧。
7.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述电极引导件被配置以耦联于所述锚定件,从而将所述电极引导件布置在神经处,所述神经支配一种或多种有助于患者体内的脊柱稳定的肌肉。
8.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述电极引导件被配置以耦联于所述锚定件,从而将所述电极引导件布置在患者体内的后支神经处。
9.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述锚定件进一步包括倒刺型、螺纹型、叉型或钩型元件,并且其中所述锚定件被配置以利用所述倒刺型、螺纹型、叉型或钩型元件固定于所述解剖学结构。
10.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述锚定件的所述小孔包括细长形小孔,所述细长形小孔具有大直径部分和小直径部分,并且其中所述小直径部分被配置以在所述耦联部件进入所述小直径部分时使所述耦联部件锁定在所述小直径部分中。
11.权利要求1所述的系留的电极引导件,其中所述锚定件进一步包括锁定部件,所述锁定部件被布置在所述小孔附近,
其中所述锁定部件被配置以允许所述耦联部件以一个方向行进穿过所述小孔和防止所述耦联部件以不同的方向行进穿过所述小孔。
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