CN103887600A - Wireless coverage antenna unit, antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wireless coverage antenna unit, comprising a substrate; a vibrator arranged on the substrate to radiate electromagnetic waves; The beam width of the internal radiation is less than 180 degrees, and the director suppresses the radiation intensity of the antenna unit in the coverage area of another same-frequency antenna unit. The antenna unit provided by the present invention has good directivity, can realize narrow-beam wireless coverage in a preset frequency band, avoids electromagnetic radiation to unnecessary coverage areas, and can improve signal strength in coverage areas.

Description

Wireless coverage antenna unit, antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly

technical field

The invention relates to the field of wireless communication devices, more specifically, to a wireless coverage antenna unit, an antenna assembly and a multi-antenna assembly.

Background technique

A wireless local area network (WLAN) uses wireless technology to transmit data, voice and video signals over the air. As an alternative or extension of the traditional wiring network, wireless local area network enables users to obtain information anytime and anywhere, improving work efficiency. Wi-Fi is a wireless air interface provided by WLAN wireless devices, which is convenient for users to make long-distance calls, browse the web, send and receive emails, download music, and transfer digital photos. Wi-Fi is more and more widely used on handheld devices, especially becoming a trend in the current mobile communication industry.

In the prior art, the antennas used by Wi-Fi are generally located outdoors, with relatively wide coverage, which will cause radiation in areas that do not require Wi-Fi coverage. How to locate a miniaturized Wi-Fi antenna indoors where wireless coverage is required, and enhance the Wi-Fi signal is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a miniaturized wireless coverage antenna unit, an antenna assembly and a multi-antenna assembly based on a narrow beam.

A wireless coverage antenna unit, comprising a substrate; a vibrator arranged on the substrate to radiate electromagnetic waves; and a vibrator arranged on the substrate to make the antenna unit radiate in a preset frequency band according to its own structure, size and distance from the vibrator The beam width is less than 180 degrees, and the director suppresses the radiation intensity of the antenna unit in the coverage area of another same-frequency antenna unit.

Optionally, the suppression degree corresponding to the radiation intensity of the antenna unit in the coverage area of another same-frequency antenna unit is ≤-(y+x0)+20*log10(R2/R1)dB; where: y represents that the other same-frequency antenna unit The electromagnetic wave radiated by the high-frequency antenna unit is used as the signal-to-noise ratio standard for noise processing; x0 represents the maximum value of the gain drop of the antenna unit in the ground coverage area; R1 represents the distance between the erection position of the antenna unit and a point corresponding to the gain drop x0 ; R2 represents the distance between the point corresponding to the minimum value of the coverage gain drop of another co-frequency antenna unit and the installation position of the antenna unit.

Optionally, the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -15dB.

Optionally, the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -20dB.

Optionally, the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -10dB.

Optionally, the suppression angle Δθ=θ ₂ -θ ₁ at which the radiation intensity of the antenna unit is suppressed in the coverage area of another same-frequency antenna unit, wherein: θ1 and θ2 respectively represent the vertical angle of the antenna unit at a preset height The angle between the distance and the point corresponding to the minimum and maximum drop in antenna gain on the edge of the coverage area of the another same-frequency antenna unit.

Optionally, the preset height is less than 70m.

Optionally, the preset height is less than 31m.

Optionally, the preset height is less than 25m.

Optionally, the preset height is less than 5m.

Optionally, the coverage area of the antenna unit is circular, elliptical, or irregular.

Optionally, the coverage of the other same-frequency antenna unit is circular, elliptical, or irregular.

Optionally, the coverage area of the antenna unit is the same as or different from the coverage area of the other same-frequency antenna unit.

Optionally, the coverage area of the antenna unit is the same or different from the coverage area of the other same-frequency antenna unit.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is an 802.11 WLAN standard frequency band.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is 2.484GHz-3.7GHz.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is 2.4GHz-2.5GHz.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is 3.65GHz-3.7GHz.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is 4.9GHz-5.9GHz.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is 5.15GHz-5.35GHz.

Optionally, the preset frequency band is 5.725GHz-5.85GHz.

Optionally, both the vibrator and the director are conductors.

Optionally, the conductor is a metal wire or a metal sheet.

Optionally, there are at least two directors parallel to each other.

Optionally, the centers of at least two of the directors are on the same straight line and the straight line is perpendicular to the directors.

Optionally, a feeder connected to the vibrator is also included.

Optionally, the vibrator includes two colinear conductor lines, which are respectively parallel to the conductor lines of the director.

Optionally, the total length of the vibrator is greater than the length of each director.

The present invention also relates to a wireless coverage antenna assembly, comprising a reflective surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves and an antenna group located on one side of the reflective surface, the antenna group includes at least one wireless coverage antenna unit described above, the reflective surface, The director of each antenna unit is respectively located on both sides of the vibrator of the corresponding antenna unit.

Optionally, the antenna group includes three identical antenna units, the substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the reflecting surface, and the three antenna units are 120 degrees to each other, and the same straight line is used as an extended intersection line , and the distances to the extended intersecting lines are set equally.

Optionally, the antenna group includes three identical antenna units, the substrates of each antenna unit are perpendicular to the reflecting surface, the three antenna units are 60 degrees to each other, and the substrates of the three antenna units are along the respective surfaces After the direction is extended, they intersect to form an equilateral triangle.

The present invention also relates to a wireless coverage multi-antenna assembly, comprising a reflective surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves and at least two antenna groups located on one side of the reflective surface, different antenna groups use different frequencies of electromagnetic waves, and each antenna group includes For at least one above-mentioned antenna unit, the reflective surface and the director of each antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the vibrator of the corresponding antenna unit.

Optionally, the multi-antenna assembly includes a first antenna group and a second antenna group, and the dipole size of the antenna units of the first antenna group is larger than the dipole size of the antenna units of the second antenna group.

Optionally, the first antenna group and the second antenna group respectively include three identical antenna units, the substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the reflecting surface, and the three antennas of the first antenna group The units are 120 degrees to each other, the same straight line is used as the extended intersection line, and the distances to the extended intersection line are equal, the three antenna units of the second antenna group are 60 degrees to each other, and the substrates of the three antenna units are along the The surface directions are extended and intersect to form an equilateral triangle.

Optionally, the three antenna units of the second antenna group are sequentially located in three adjacent intervals of the three antenna units of the first antenna group.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: in the preset frequency band, the antenna unit, antenna assembly, and multi-antenna assembly designed according to the Yagi antenna principle have good directivity and narrow beams, avoiding unnecessary coverage areas Causes electromagnetic radiation and can increase signal strength in the coverage area.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of antenna unit of the present invention;

2a and 2b are schematic diagrams of electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an equivalent schematic diagram of antenna unit gain attenuation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly having the antenna unit shown in FIG. 1;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-antenna assembly with at least two antenna groups;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the multi-antenna assembly shown in FIG. 5;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna elements of the first antenna group of the multi-antenna assembly shown in Fig. 5;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the antenna elements of the second antenna group of the multi-antenna assembly shown in FIG. 5;

Fig. 9 is a low frequency VSWR simulation diagram of the multi-antenna assembly shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6;

FIG. 10 is a directional diagram of the above-mentioned multi-antenna assembly at a frequency of 2.45 GHz;

Fig. 11 is a simulation diagram of the high-frequency voltage standing wave ratio of the multi-antenna assembly shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6;

FIG. 12 is a directivity diagram of the above-mentioned multi-antenna assembly at a frequency of 5.72 GHz.

Detailed ways

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments depicted in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna unit 4 of the present invention includes a substrate 40 and a vibrator and a director attached to the substrate 40 . The substrate 40 is made of materials such as FR4, F4b, Teflon, polytetrafluoroethylene, or other substrate materials used in existing antennas.

The vibrator is used to radiate electromagnetic waves. It can be a metal wire or a metal sheet. It is connected to the feeder line and includes two conductor lines, which are the first conductor line 48 and the second conductor line 49 respectively. The outer conductor is electrically connected, and the second conductor wire 49 is electrically connected to the core wire of the coaxial line feeder. Obviously, the positions of the first conductor wire 48 and the second conductor wire 49 can be interchanged.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the first conductor line 48 and the second conductor line 49 are on the same straight line, and there is a certain distance between them.

The director is used to make the beam width radiated by the antenna unit 4 in the 802.11WLAN standard frequency band be less than 180 degrees according to its own structure, size and distance from the vibrator. For example, adjust the length of the director in the 0.38-0.4 wavelength range, The distance between the director and the vibrator makes the radiation beam width of the antenna unit 40-60 degrees. Generally, the longer the distance between the director and the vibrator, the narrower the beam width. In a specific implementation process, it may also be necessary to consider the number of directors and the influence of the spacing between directors on the beam width. Among them, the WLAN standard frequency band can be any frequency band in 2.484GHz-3.7GHz, 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, 3.65GHz-3.7GHz, 4.9GHz-5.9GHz, 5.15GHz-5.35GHz, or 5.725GHz-5.85GHz . The beam width range can be 0-180 degrees, 130-160 degrees, 90-120 degrees, 40-60 degrees, or any range of 10-30 degrees, preferably 40-60 degrees, and can also be set as required. 180-degree narrow beam for other ranges.

Referring to Figs. 2a and 2b, the embodiment of the present invention provides schematic diagrams of antenna unit radiating electromagnetic waves. An antenna unit radiates electromagnetic waves to the surroundings at a point A at a height h from the ground, and the antenna unit forms a circular, elliptical, or irregular coverage area on the ground. For example, the gain of the antenna unit at G0 drops by x1dB, and at The gain of the antenna unit at point G1 is reduced by x0dB (such as 3dB, 5dB, or 10dB). Figure 2a shows the situation of x1=x0, and Figure 2b shows the situation of x1≠x0. Take Figure 2a as an example, assuming that point G1 is the point corresponding to the minimum gain drop in the coverage area of the antenna unit at point A, and the corresponding beamwidth is θ ₀ , assuming that points G2 and G3 are the gain of the coverage area of another antenna unit with the same frequency The two points corresponding to the minimum and maximum values are dropped, and the gains of the other same-frequency antenna unit at points G2 and G3 are respectively reduced by -x1dB and -x2dB. According to the height h, the distance between A and G2, the beamwidth of the antenna unit at point A at G2 can be calculated as θ1; according to the height h, the distance between A and G3 is R3, and it can be calculated at The beam width of the antenna element at point A at point G3 is θ2. In order to suppress the antenna unit at point A from causing co-channel interference between points G2 and G3, it is necessary to suppress the radiation intensity of the antenna unit at point A in the coverage area of another co-frequency antenna unit and the suppression angle between points G2 and G3 △θ=θ ₂ -θ ₁ .

Wherein, the coverage area of the antenna unit and another same-frequency antenna unit is circular, elliptical, or irregular. The coverage area of the antenna unit is the same or different in size, and the coverage area shape is the same or different from that of the other same-frequency antenna unit.

The power transmitted by another antenna into the coverage area of the antenna unit is treated as noise, and ydB is selected as the signal-to-noise ratio standard, and x0 represents the maximum value of the gain drop of the antenna unit in the ground coverage area; then the antenna located at point A The unit gains x1dB<=-(y+x0)dB+20*log10(R2/R1)dB at point G2 to avoid co-channel interference. The gain of the antenna unit at point A drops by x2dB<=-(y+x0)dB+20*log10(R3/R1)dB at point G3 to avoid co-channel interference. Since R3>R2, -x2dB<-x1dB, -x2dB belongs to the range less than -x1dB, so the radiation intensity (that is, the suppression degree) of the antenna unit located at point A in the coverage area of another antenna unit with the same frequency needs to meet: x1dB<=-( y+x0)dB+20*log10(R2/R1)dB. For example, the suspension height of the antenna unit is 25 meters, the half-power coverage radius is 18 meters, and the center is 44.3 meters away from another antenna unit with the same frequency, then R1=30.8 meters, R2=50.9 meters; choose 20dB as the signal-to-noise ratio standard, x1dB<= -(y+x0)dB+y*log10(R2/R1)dB=-(20+3)dB+20*log10(50.9/30.8)dB=-20.3dB+4.36dB=-18.64dB, that is, in another The suppression degree of the coverage area of the co-frequency antenna unit is <=-18.64dB.

The height of the antenna unit is set according to the requirements. Usually, the height of the antenna unit from the ground is less than 70m. For example, the height of the Beijing Bird’s Nest is 68.5m, and the minimum height is 42m; the height of the Shenzhen Universiade Stadium is 30.5m. The height is 25m, and the height of ordinary buildings is 2.5-3m. Due to the different heights of the antennas, the suppression angle and suppression degree will also be different. As shown in Figure 3, when the antenna unit is located at point A' with a height of h', the position of the ground where the gain of the antenna unit drops by x0dB is point G. According to the height h', the distance between point A' and point G can be Calculate the minimum beam width θ ₀ ' of the antenna unit at point A'. Similarly, the suppression degree and suppression angle △θ' of the antenna unit at point A' can be calculated. Usually, the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -30dB, Such as greater than -15dB, greater than -20dB or greater than -10dB; suppression angle Δθ'.

There can be only one or more directors, all of which are conductors attached to the surface of the substrate 40. When there are multiple directors, each conductor line forming the directors is parallel to each other and is located at the center of the vibrator. The same side is used to enhance the electromagnetic wave intensity on one side of the vibrator. The specific structure is shown in FIG. 1 . The third conductor wire 45, the fourth conductor wire 46, and the fifth conductor wire 47 in FIG. , and the second conductor lines 49 are parallel. The lengths of the three directors may be the same or different. In order to better guide the electromagnetic wave, the lengths are preferably equal. In addition, the number of directors may be three, or two or even one, or more than three. Generally, if there are more than five directors, the change of influence on the electromagnetic field is small. In order to save space and materials, it is preferable to have three directors.

Preferably, the three central points of the third, fourth and fifth conductor lines 45 , 46 , and 47 are on a straight line, and the straight line is perpendicular to any one of the three conductor lines. At the same time, the straight line where the vibrator is located is parallel to any one of the above-mentioned conductor lines and the total length is longer than any one of the above-mentioned conductor lines. Preferably, the center of the vibrator is on the same straight line as the three center points of the first, second and third conductor lines.

The above-mentioned first to fifth conductor wires are all made of conductive materials, which may be metal wires or metal sheets, preferably metal wires, such as copper, aluminum, silver and the like. An antenna unit with this structure can form a structure similar to a Yagi antenna after installing a reflector on the other side of the vibrator. Yagi antenna, also known as Yagi-Uda antenna, is usually in the shape of "King". The vibrator (also known as active vibrator) is located in the middle of the word "Wang" and connected to the feeder. The reflector is located on one side of the vibrator, which weakens the electromagnetic wave on this side, and is slightly longer than the vibrator; the director is located on the other side of the vibrator, slightly shorter than the vibrator, and is used to enhance the electromagnetic wave on this side.

The advantage of the Yagi antenna is that it has good directivity. Through the director provided by the embodiment of the present invention, narrow-beam wireless coverage can be realized, electromagnetic radiation is avoided in unnecessary coverage areas, and the signal strength of the coverage area can be improved.

The embodiment of the present invention also protects an antenna assembly, as shown in FIG. 4 , which includes a reflective surface 1 and the aforementioned antenna unit 4 installed on the reflective surface 1 . When there are multiple antenna units 4 and the operating frequencies of these antenna units 4 are at the same frequency or the same frequency band, they form an antenna group.

The reflective surface 1 is used to reflect the electromagnetic wave used by any antenna unit 4 , and the used electromagnetic wave refers to the electromagnetic wave generated by each antenna unit or the electromagnetic wave received by each antenna unit. In some embodiments, the reflective medium surface 1 can be made of copper or other conductive materials, and can be a non-planar surface. It can be understood that the reflective medium surface 1 may have discontinuous points, such as a medium surface processed into a mesh structure or opened with holes to realize the function of reflecting radio waves, wherein the size of the mesh structure or holes is smaller than that of the multi-antenna One-tenth of the wavelength of electromagnetic waves used by components.

The reflector 1 and the director on each antenna unit 4 are respectively located on both sides of the vibrator of the antenna unit 4, forming a miniaturized Yagi antenna as a whole, wherein the reflector 1 is the above-mentioned reflector, the first conductor of the vibrator The wire 48 and the second conductor wire 49 constitute the above-mentioned active vibrator, while the third, fourth and fifth conductor wires constitute three directors. Since the vibrator and the director of the present invention are in the form of conductive wires instead of metal tubes, the volume is greatly reduced and the structure is more compact, and the antenna also continues the good directivity of the Yagi antenna. At the same time, multiple antenna units 4 share one reflective surface 1, which can also greatly save space and reduce the volume of the antenna.

When there are multiple antenna units 4, they are preferably arranged according to a certain rule. There are three antenna units 4 shown in FIG. 4 , and the three antenna units 4 are identical, that is, have the same substrate material and substrate size, and the material, size, and location of the vibrator and director are also identical. Then the operating frequencies of the three antenna units 4 are basically the same, forming an antenna group for sending and receiving electromagnetic waves of the operating frequency.

Three identical antenna units 4 are arranged among Fig. 4, and the substrate 40 of each antenna unit 4 is vertically installed on the quality reflecting surface 1, and the three antenna units are mutually 60 degrees, and the substrate 40 of the three antenna units 4 is along respective The surface directions are extended and intersect to form an equilateral triangle.

The three antenna units 4 can also be arranged in another way, that is, the substrate 40 of each antenna unit 4 is also installed vertically on the reflective surface 1, and the three antenna units 4 are 120 degrees to each other, with the same straight line as the The extended intersecting line of any two substrate surfaces, and the distances from the three antenna units 4 to the extended intersecting line are all equal.

Of course, the antenna assembly of the present invention may have three antenna elements, or only one, two or more than three. The antenna units may also be arranged in the above-mentioned manner of equally dividing the angles, or in an array or in a random manner.

When there are multiple antenna units 4 on the reflective surface 1 (multiple in this article refer to two or more), and the operating frequencies of the multiple antenna units 4 are not completely the same, or the antenna units 4 are not completely the same When the working frequencies are different, the antenna groups are divided into different antenna groups according to the different working frequencies. A whole composed of multiple antenna groups on the reflective surface 1 is called a multi-antenna assembly.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the multi-antenna assembly in this embodiment has two antenna groups, and each antenna group includes three identical antenna units, and the antenna unit with a large size is referred to as the first antenna unit 2 hereinafter. , the antenna group formed by three identical first antenna units 2 is referred to as the first antenna group. An antenna unit with a small size is called a second antenna unit 3, and an antenna group composed of three identical second antenna units 3 is called a second antenna group. Since the size of the first antenna unit 2 is larger than that of the second antenna unit 3 , the working frequency of the antenna formed by the first antenna unit 2 and the reflecting surface 1 is lower than that of the antenna formed by the second antenna unit and the reflecting surface 1 . Therefore, the multi-antenna assembly of this embodiment belongs to a dual-band antenna. Of course, the main factor affecting the operating frequency here is the size of the vibrator. Therefore, even if the dimensions of the substrates of the first antenna unit 2 and the second antenna unit 3 are the same, as long as the size of the vibrator of the first antenna unit 2 is larger than that of the second antenna unit 3 The vibrator, then the operating frequency of the former is usually lower than that of the latter.

The base plate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the reflective surface 1, and it is installed so that the director of the antenna unit and the reflective surface 1 are located on both sides of the dipole of the antenna unit.

As shown in Figure 6, the three first antenna units 2 are 120 degrees to each other, and the same straight line is the extended intersection line of the three substrate surfaces, and the distances from the three first antenna units 2 to the extended intersection line are equal . It can also be understood that, from the top view shown in FIG. 6 , the three first antenna units 2 take the same point as the center of rotation, and any first antenna unit 2 rotates 120 degrees around the center of rotation to connect with another first antenna unit 2. Unit 2 coincides.

The three second antenna units 3 are arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 4 , that is, two pairs of each other are 60 degrees apart, and the substrates of the three second antenna units 3 are extended along the surface and intersect to form an equilateral triangle. And as shown in Figure 6, a second antenna unit 3 is arranged between every two first antenna units 2, and the two first antenna units 2 are symmetrically located on both sides of the second antenna unit 3, so that three The first antenna unit 2 is located in three adjacent intervals of the three second antenna units 3 in sequence.

In order to verify the effect of the antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly of the present invention, according to the size of the first antenna unit 2 and the second antenna unit 3 as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, the arrangement shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 The simulation diagrams obtained by simulating the multi-antenna components are shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 12 .

Among them, Fig. 9 shows the simulation diagram of standing wave ratio in the low frequency band. According to the simulation results, it can be seen that the multi-antenna assembly has very good impedance matching in the frequency range of 2.4000~2.4800 GHz.

FIG. 10 is a directional diagram of the above-mentioned multi-antenna assembly in an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation directivity at this frequency is very good, and narrow beam coverage can be achieved, which can meet the needs of wireless signal transmission and reception.

Among them, Fig. 11 shows the simulation diagram of the standing wave ratio in the high frequency band. According to the simulation results, it can be seen that the multi-antenna assembly has very good impedance matching in the frequency range of 5.725-5.850 GHz.

FIG. 12 is a directional diagram of the above multi-antenna assembly in an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 5.725 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation directivity at this frequency is very good, which can realize narrow beam wireless coverage, avoid electromagnetic radiation to areas that do not need coverage, and can improve the signal strength of the coverage area, which can meet the needs of indoor wireless signal transmission and reception.

In summary, the antenna unit, antenna assembly, and multi-antenna assembly provided by the embodiments of the present invention have good directivity, can realize narrow beam wireless coverage, and have the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain, and easy debugging. Obviously, when the multi-antenna component of the present invention has three or more antenna groups, a multi-frequency antenna can be obtained, which also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

In addition, it should be noted that the antenna group in this embodiment is directly installed on the reflective surface, so the reflective surface is equivalent to the installation base plate. Obviously, the antenna group can be relatively fixed by other installation structures first and then connected to the reflective surface, or even not connected. The reflective surface is only used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted and received by the antenna unit of the antenna group, and does not necessarily play a role in installation. Therefore, as long as the reflective surface is located on one side of the antenna unit, the antenna assembly and multi-antenna assembly of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (35)

1. A wireless coverage antenna unit, characterized in that it comprises a substrate; a vibrator that is arranged on the substrate to radiate electromagnetic waves; The radiation beam width of the preset frequency band is less than 180 degrees, and the director suppresses the radiation intensity of the antenna unit in the coverage area of another same-frequency antenna unit. 2. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, the suppression degree corresponding to the radiation intensity of the antenna unit in the coverage area of another same-frequency antenna unit≤-(y+x0)+20*log10(R2 /R1)dB; Wherein: y represents the electromagnetic wave radiated by the other co-frequency antenna unit as the signal-to-noise ratio standard of noise processing; x0 represents the maximum value of the gain drop of the antenna unit in the ground coverage area; R1 represents the erection position and gain of the antenna unit The drop x0 corresponds to the distance between a certain point; R2 represents the distance between the point corresponding to the minimum value of the coverage gain drop of another co-frequency antenna unit and the installation position of the antenna unit. 3. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -15dB. 4. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -20dB. 5. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the suppression degree of the antenna unit is greater than -10 dB. 6. wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described antenna unit suppresses the suppression angle Δθ=θ ₂ -θ ₁ in the radiation intensity of another co-frequency antenna unit coverage; Where: θ1 and θ2 respectively represent the angles between the vertical distance of the antenna unit at the preset height and the points corresponding to the minimum and maximum antenna gain drops on the edge of the coverage area of the other co-frequency antenna unit. 7. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein the preset height is less than 70m. 8. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein the preset height is less than 31 m. 9. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein the preset height is less than 25m. 10. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein the preset height is less than 5m. 11. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the coverage area of the antenna unit is circular, elliptical, or irregular. 12 . The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1 , wherein the coverage area of the other same-frequency antenna unit is circular, elliptical, or irregular. 13. The antenna unit for wireless coverage according to claim 1, wherein the coverage area of the antenna unit is the same as or different from the coverage area of the other same-frequency antenna unit. 14. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coverage area of the antenna unit is the same or different from the coverage area of the other same-frequency antenna unit. 15. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the preset frequency band is an 802.11 WLAN standard frequency band. 16. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein the preset frequency band is 2.484GHz-3.7GHz. 17. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein the preset frequency band is 2.4GHz-2.5GHz. 18. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein the preset frequency band is 3.65GHz-3.7GHz. 19. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein the preset frequency band is 4.9GHz-5.9GHz. 20. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein the preset frequency band is 5.15GHz-5.35GHz. 21. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein the preset frequency band is 5.725GHz-5.85GHz. 22. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the vibrator and the director are both conductors. 23. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 22, wherein the conductor is a metal wire or a metal sheet. 24. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 22, wherein there are at least two directors parallel to each other. 25. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 24, wherein the centers of at least two directors are on the same straight line and the straight line is perpendicular to the directors. 26. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a feeder connected to the dipole. 27 . The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1 , wherein the vibrator includes two collinear conductor lines, which are respectively parallel to the conductor lines of the director. 28. The wireless coverage antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the total length of the elements is greater than the length of each of the directors. 29. A wireless coverage antenna assembly, characterized by comprising a reflective surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves and an antenna group located on one side of the reflective surface, the antenna group comprising at least one wireless antenna according to claims 1 to 28 The antenna unit is covered, and the reflective surface and the director of each antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the vibrator of the corresponding antenna unit. 30. The wireless coverage antenna assembly according to claim 29, wherein the antenna group comprises three identical antenna units, the substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the reflective surface, and the three antenna units The antenna units are 120 degrees to each other, the same straight line is used as the extended intersection line, and the distances to the extended intersection line are set equally. 31. The wireless coverage antenna assembly according to claim 29, wherein the antenna group comprises three identical antenna units, the substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the reflective surface, and the three antenna units are connected to each other. The angle is 60 degrees, and the substrates of the three antenna units are extended along the respective surface directions and intersect to form an equilateral triangle. 32. A wireless coverage multi-antenna assembly, characterized in that it includes a reflective surface for reflecting electromagnetic waves and at least two antenna groups located on one side of the reflective surface, the frequency of electromagnetic waves used by different antenna groups is different, each antenna The set includes at least one wireless coverage antenna unit as claimed in claims 1 to 28, the reflective surface and the director of each antenna unit are respectively located on both sides of the vibrator of the corresponding antenna unit. 33. The wireless coverage multi-antenna assembly according to claim 32, wherein the multi-antenna assembly comprises a first antenna group and a second antenna group, and the dipole size of the antenna elements of the first antenna group is larger than that of the second antenna group Dimensions of the antenna element. 34. The wireless coverage multi-antenna assembly according to claim 33, wherein the first antenna group and the second antenna group respectively comprise three identical antenna units, and the substrate of each antenna unit is perpendicular to the The reflective surface, and the three antenna units of the first antenna group are 120 degrees to each other, the same straight line is the extended intersection line, and the distance to the extended intersection line is equal, the three antenna units of the second antenna group The antenna units are 60 degrees to each other, and the substrates of the three antenna units are extended along the surface direction and intersect to form an equilateral triangle. 35. The wireless coverage multi-antenna assembly according to claim 34, wherein the three antenna elements of the second antenna group are sequentially located in three adjacent intervals of the three antenna elements of the first antenna group .

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