CN103887396A - 一种led芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种led芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件,所述发光组件包括铜热沉、设置在铜热沉上方的中间有LED芯片安装孔的陶瓷基板,设置在陶瓷基板的边缘的正负电极,设置在芯片安装孔内的LED芯片,涂覆在LED芯片上的荧光粉层;所述铜热沉和陶瓷基板之间设置有铜氧共晶焊接层;所述LED芯片和正负电极之间电连接,所述正负电极与电源连接。本发明的发光组件明显提高了可靠性及延长了使用寿命,提高了光效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于LED领域,尤其涉及一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件及其制备方法。
背景技术
LED芯片仅有15-25%的电能转化为光能,其余则转化为热能。随着LED芯片制造技术的提高,单颗芯片的功率不断提高,产生的热量也随着提高,热量的提高如果不能及时散失到周围环境,就会提高芯片温度,使光效降低,芯片寿命衰减,显色性等性能改变,为了解决散热问题,先后经历了FR-4印制板,MCPCB(金属复合基板),陶瓷线路板。
例如专利CN102263195A提到将陶瓷环通过导热粘胶剂和热沉连接,在陶瓷表面粘接荧光粉散热片,软性PCB电极,然后将芯片直接焊接到热沉上,以期降低荧光粉的温度,防止黄化及显色性。该专利虽然在一定程度上改善了散热问题,但由于每种方法的不同,其局限性也不同。FR-4及MCPCB板由于中间绝缘层为有机粘结剂,热导较低,仅为0.2-3W/m·K,仅适用于功率较小的芯片。陶瓷基板热导率有很大提到,例如氧化铝陶瓷为25W/m·k,同时陶瓷材料除了导热率较高外,其热膨胀系数与硅芯片相近,这样就可以减少芯片和基板,以及连线之间由于热膨胀或收缩造成的失效。众所周知,金属材料由于自由电子的运动,热导最高,例如铜的为386W/m·K。所以为了进一步降低热阻,人们提出了COHS技术,直接将芯片焊接到金属热沉上。但金属热沉的热膨胀系数较大,例如最常作为热沉的铜的热膨胀系数为16ppm/k,而芯片的热膨胀系数仅为4ppm/k,所以如何降低金属热沉的膨胀系数成为此技术的关键。
专利CN102263195A仅提出了将芯片直接焊接到热沉上,该专利重点为在陶瓷表面粘结荧光粉散热片,导走荧光粉的温度,减少荧光粉黄化以及色温变化,但是其降低热阻的性能还是比较差。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有的发光组件存在降低热阻性能差的技术问题,提供一种降低热阻性能好的发光组件及其制备方法。
本发明公开了一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件,所述发光组件包括铜热沉、设置在铜热沉上方的中间有LED芯片安装孔的陶瓷基板,设置在陶瓷基板的边缘的正负电极,设置在芯片安装孔内的LED芯片,涂覆在LED芯片上的荧光粉层;所述铜热沉和陶瓷基板之间设置有铜氧共晶焊接层;所述LED芯片和正负电极之间电连接,所述正负电极与电源连接。
本发明还提供了一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、陶瓷和铜热沉共晶焊接:将陶瓷基板和铜热沉叠合在一起进行共晶焊接;
S2、在陶瓷的另一侧,制作正负电极;
S3、将LED芯片通过陶瓷上的安装孔焊接到铜热沉表面,之后将LED芯片焊点和电极连接;
S4、环氧树脂灌封,固化,焊接电源。
本发明通过将铜热沉和低热膨胀系数的陶瓷牢靠焊接,降低铜热沉的热膨胀系数,实现LED芯片和金属铜的可靠连接,降低热阻,从而降低LED芯片的结温,提高光效,延长使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是发光组件的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明公开了一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件,所述发光组件包括铜热沉、设置在铜热沉上方的中间有LED芯片安装孔的陶瓷基板,设置在陶瓷基板的边缘的正负电极,设置在芯片安装孔内的LED芯片,涂覆在LED芯片上的荧光粉层;所述铜热沉和陶瓷基板之间设置有铜氧共晶焊接层;所述LED芯片和正负电极之间电连接,所述正负电极与电源连接。
本发明选用高导热的铜作为铜热沉,通过陶瓷和金属铜热沉铜的铜氧共晶焊接,可以将铜的热膨胀系数降低到略比陶瓷材料高些,这样就可以直接将LED芯片焊接到高热导的金属表面了。
根据本发明所提供的发光组件,优选地,所述LED芯片是蓝宝石衬底,电极同侧。
根据本发明所提供的发光组件,为了使铜热沉与陶瓷基板之间的结合更好,优选地,所述铜热沉的厚度为0.1-1mm,所述陶瓷基板的厚度为0.25-0.63mm,所述铜氧共晶焊接层的厚度为0.5-10μm。
根据本发明所提供的发光组件,优选地,所述陶瓷基板的厚度大于LED芯片的厚度。这种结构具有凹杯状结构,便于环氧树脂的灌封。
根据本发明所提供的发光组件,为了提高安全性,优选地,所述电源为隔离驱动电源。
优选地,所述安装孔及正负电极表面涂覆有镍金合金。
所述铜热沉为铜,所述陶瓷基板内的LED芯片安装孔可以是将陶瓷基板用打孔、切割形成。
本发明还提供了一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、陶瓷和铜热沉共晶焊接:将陶瓷基板和铜热沉叠合在一起进行共晶焊接;
S2、在陶瓷的另一侧,制作正负电极;
S3、将LED芯片通过陶瓷上的安装孔粘接到铜热沉表面,之后将LED芯片焊点和电极通过金线连接;
S4、环氧树脂灌封,固化,焊接电源。
根据本发明所提供的制备方法,优选地,在共晶焊接之前对铜热沉层进行表面预氧化。更优选地,所述预氧化为:将铜热沉需要和陶瓷共晶焊接的一面在500-1000℃,氧含量在50-1000ppm的气氛中氧化10-60min。
根据本发明所提供的制备方法,优选地,所述共晶焊接是在氮气保护气氛下于1065-1080℃下保温10-60min。
根据本发明所提供的制备方法,优选地,在步骤S2之后、S3之前在安装孔及正负电极表面沉积镍金合金。
所述LED芯片安装孔可以在陶瓷成型的时候形成也可以经过激光打孔、切割后形成。
对附图的描述:
如图1,所述发光组件包括铜热沉1、设置在铜热沉1上方的中间有LED芯片安装孔6的陶瓷基板2,设置在陶瓷基板2的边缘的正负电极3,设置在芯片安装孔6内的LED芯片4,涂覆在LED芯片4上的荧光粉层5;所述铜热沉1和陶瓷基板2之间通过铜氧共晶焊接层7连接;所述LED芯片4和正负电极3之间通过焊线焊接,所述正负电极与电源连接。所述安装孔及正负电极表面沉积有镍金合金8。
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例1
1、对厚度为0.1mm的陶瓷利用激光打孔、切割,形成具有LED安装孔的陶瓷基板;
2、将厚度为0.1mm的铜片进行预氧化:在800℃,氧含量为100ppm的气氛中氧化60min;
3、将预氧化的铜片和切割好的陶瓷叠合,在氮气保护气氛中1072℃保温30min后冷却到室温;
4、再在陶瓷另一侧丝网印刷铜电极,在800℃,氮气保护气氛种烧结10min;5、最后在LED安装孔及电极表面沉积Ni-Au;
6、功率为2W的LED芯片通过固晶工艺焊接到铜热沉表面;
7、将芯片和陶瓷表面电极通过打金线连接;
8、灌封荧光粉和环氧树脂于安装孔中,将隔离驱动电源和电极互联,最后将其安装到散热系统中,得到产品A1。
实施例2
1、对厚度为2mm陶瓷利用激光打孔、切割,形成具有LED安装孔的陶瓷基板;
2、将厚度为100mm铜片进行预氧化:在800℃,氧含量为100ppm的气氛中氧化60min;
3、将预氧化的铜片和切割好的陶瓷叠合,在氮气保护气氛中1072℃保温30min后冷却到室温;
4、在陶瓷另一侧物理气相沉积一层铜,覆感光油墨,曝光、显影,电镀加厚露出的线路到一定厚度,去除油墨,再将其放入蚀铜溶液中至未电镀加厚部分的铜消失;
5、最后在LED安装孔及电极表面沉积Ni-Au;
6、功率为2W的芯片通过固晶工艺到铜热沉表面;
7、将芯片和陶瓷表面电极通过打金线连接;
8、灌封荧光粉和环氧树脂于安装孔中,将隔离驱动电源和电极互联,最后将其安装到散热系统中,得到产品A2 。
对比例1
1、对陶瓷利用激光打孔、切割,形成具有LED安装孔的陶瓷基板;
2、在陶瓷的一侧印刷铜电极,然后在800℃氮气保护气氛中烧结10min,冷却到室温;
3、将其另一侧用导热胶粘结到铜热沉上;
4、再在陶瓷另一侧丝网印刷铜电极,在800℃,氮气保护气氛种烧结10min;5、最后在LED安装孔及电极表面沉积Ni-Au;
6、2W芯片通过固晶工艺到铜热沉表面;
7、将芯片和陶瓷表面电极通过打金线连接;
8、灌封荧光粉和环氧树脂于安装孔中,将隔离驱动电源和电极互联,最后将其安装到散热系统中,得到产品B1 。
对比例2
1、在双面陶瓷覆铜(DBC)板表面通过贴膜、曝光、显影、蚀刻等工艺形成线路;
2、最后在LED安装孔及电极表面沉积Ni-Au;
3、2W芯片通过固晶工艺安装到DBC覆铜板表面;
4、未安装芯片另一面铜面通过共晶钎焊到铜热沉表面;
5、将芯片和陶瓷表面电极通过打金线连接;
6、制作防止环氧树脂溢流挡墙,灌封荧光粉和环氧树脂于挡墙内,将隔离驱动电源和电极互联,最后将其安装到散热系统中,得到产品B2。
测试方法及结果
1、可靠性测试
将实施例和对比例中制作的产品A1、A2、B1和B2放入0℃冰水混合物中5min,然后快速拿出放入100℃的沸水中5min,这样往复进行冷热冲击实验,每经历一次冰水和沸水计一次循环。结果见表1。
2、LED结温Tj测试
将K型热电偶的测温点置于散热垫上,测出散热垫的温度为Tc,因为Tj=Rjc·P+Tc(Rjc为芯片的热阻参数,P为转化为热量的功率),所以可以得到结温Tj。结温越高光效越低、寿命越短。结果见表1。
表1
A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | |
冷热冲击(次) | >100 | >100 | 50 | >100 |
Tj(℃) | 52 | 53 | 52 | 122 |
由表1可以看出,本发明的发光组件的耐热冲击性能高,可靠性好;同时本发明的发光组件的结温低于60℃,本发明的发光组件的光效高,使用寿命长。对比例1的发光组件虽然具有很好的光效及使用寿命,但是其可靠性低,对比例2的发光组件的可靠性好,但是其光效低,使用寿命短。综上,本发明的发光组件明显提高了可靠性及延长了使用寿命,提高了光效。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件,其特征在于,所述发光组件包括铜热沉、设置在铜热沉上方的中间有LED芯片安装孔的陶瓷基板,设置在陶瓷基板的边缘的正负电极,设置在芯片安装孔内的LED芯片,涂覆在LED芯片上的荧光粉层;所述铜热沉和陶瓷基板之间设置有铜氧共晶焊接层;所述LED芯片和正负电极之间电连接,所述正负电极与电源连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发光组件,其特征在于,所述LED芯片是蓝宝石衬底、电极同侧的LED芯片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发光组件,其特征在于,所述铜热沉的厚度为0.1-100mm,所述陶瓷基板的厚度为0.1-2mm,所述铜氧共晶焊接层的厚度为0.01-100μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发光组件,其特征在于,所述陶瓷基板的厚度大于LED芯片的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的发光组件,其特征在于,所述电源为隔离驱动电源。
6.根据权利要求1所述的发光组件,其特征在于,所述安装孔及正负电极表面沉积有镍金合金。
7.一种LED芯片直接焊接到铜热沉表面的发光组件的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、陶瓷和铜热沉共晶焊接:将陶瓷基板和铜热沉叠合在一起进行共晶焊接;
S2、在陶瓷的另一侧,制作正负电极;
S3、将LED芯片通过陶瓷上的安装孔焊接到铜热沉表面,之后将LED芯片焊点和电极连接;
S4、环氧树脂灌封,固化,焊接电源。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在共晶焊接之前对铜热沉层进行表面预氧化。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预氧化为:将铜热沉需要和陶瓷共晶焊接的一面在500-1000℃,氧含量在50-1000ppm的气氛中氧化10-60min。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述共晶焊接是在氮气保护气氛下于1065-1080℃下保温10-60min。
11.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2之后、S3之前在安装孔及正负电极表面沉积镍金合金。
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CN106992127A (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十四研究所 | 一种极少产生焊料表面悬浮氧化物颗粒的共晶贴片方法 |
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