CN103883426A - Stirling engine based radiator - Google Patents

Abstract

A Stirling engine based radiator comprises a Stirling engine, a heat exchanger and a cathodic material radiator. The heat exchanger transmits heat to the Stirling engine; the Stirling engine converts heat energy into kinetic energy to drive a flywheel to rotate; vanes on the flywheel generate air flow to assist the cathodic material radiator in radiating. When the Stirling engine based radiator is applied to a direct liquid fuel cell system, heat carried by material discharged from a cathodic outlet of an electric pile is used to radiate for the material discharged from a cathode of the electric pile. When the Stirling engine based radiator is applied to an oxy-hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, heat carried by cooling water of the electric pile is used to radiate for the material discharged from the cathode of the electric pile. The use of the Stirling engine based radiator is good for recovery of fuel cell pile cathode water, and electric energy can be saved.

Description

A radiator based on Stirling engine

technical field

The invention relates to a radiator, specifically a radiator based on a Stirling engine and its application in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. The water and heat balance of the system.

Background technique

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a chemical reaction device that converts chemical energy in fuel directly into electrical energy. During the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, on the one hand, due to the large amount of heat generated by the electrode reaction, it is necessary to perform heat removal treatment on the system to avoid the degradation of the battery performance caused by the overheating of the system; on the other hand, in order to maintain the water balance of the system , it is necessary to condense the water vapor generated by the system and recover liquid water. Therefore, in the system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the radiator is one of the important components. At present, the radiators used in fuel cell systems mainly include three types: plate type, tube type, and tube belt type. Usually, an electric-driven fan is installed on the radiator to adjust the cooling power.

MSI, a motherboard manufacturer, demonstrated a thermal kinetic energy radiator that does not require a power supply at the 2008 CeBIT Global Computer Show, using the heat generated by the chipset to drive a fan through a Stirling engine for cooling. The biggest advantage of this radiator is that it does not need any power supply to save energy consumption. However, the heat generation of the fuel cell system is different from that of the chipset. The heat is not concentrated on the surface of a certain component. If the radiator directly acts on the fuel cell stack, it will cause uneven temperature of the stack and easily affect the performance of the stack.

Chinese invention patent 02107057.1 discloses a composite energy generating device, which uses a ring-shaped solid electrolyte fuel cell to surround the heater of the Stirling engine, and places a catalyst in the heater to catalytically burn the unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell. The fuel cell generates electrical energy, while the heat of the fuel cell and the heat generated by catalytic combustion are converted into mechanical energy through the Stirling engine. Although the heat of the fuel cell is utilized, the device is only suitable for a fuel cell with relatively high temperature and catalytic combustion of fuel exhaust gas.

In general, thermal kinetic energy radiators used for cooling electronic components such as chipsets are not suitable for fuel cell systems, and the way of combining Stirling engines and fuel cells has many limitations.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the prior art above, and provides a radiator based on a Stirling engine for a fuel cell system, especially a sub-exchange membrane fuel cell system.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a radiator based on a Stirling engine, which mainly includes a Stirling engine, a heat exchanger, and a cathode material radiator.

A heat exchanger is provided at the heating end of the Stirling engine, and a flywheel is provided at one end of the crank drive shaft of the Stirling engine, and fan blades are installed radially inside and/or outside of the flywheel to form a fan-shaped flywheel; There is a radiator on the side of the flywheel away from the crank drive shaft, and the airflow generated when the fan blades on the flywheel rotates is used for the cathode material radiator to dissipate heat; the heat exchanger transfers heat to the Stirling engine, and the Stirling engine converts heat energy into Kinetic energy drives the flywheel to rotate, thereby assisting the cathode material radiator to dissipate heat.

The heat exchanger is closely attached to the lower end of the displacer cylinder of the Stirling engine;

The cathode material radiator is fixed on the heat exchanger and directly opposite to the flywheel on the Stirling engine.

The Stirling engine is a low-temperature difference gamma Stirling engine, comprising a displacer cylinder, a displacer is arranged in the displacer cylinder, and a displacer connecting rod is movably connected to the upper end of the displacer via a displacer shaft.

A power piston cylinder is arranged on the upper part of the displacer cylinder, the power piston is placed inside the power piston cylinder, the upper end of the power piston is movably connected with the power piston connecting rod, the displacer connecting rod, and the power piston connecting rod are respectively movably connected with the crank transmission shaft; The gear and the power piston maintain a 90-degree phase angle; the crank drive shaft is placed on the crank drive shaft bracket, and one end of the crank drive shaft is provided with a flywheel, and fan blades are installed radially on the inside and/or outside of the flywheel to form a fan-shaped flywheel ;

The lower end of the displacer cylinder is used as the displacer bottom plate, which is the heating end of the Stirling engine, and the upper end of the displacer cylinder is used as the displacer top plate, which is the heat dissipation end of the Stirling engine. fins.

The heat exchanger includes a heat conducting plate and a heat exchanger material channel; the two ends of the heat exchanger material channel are respectively a heat exchanger material inlet and a heat exchanger material outlet, and high-temperature materials enter the heat exchanger material through the heat exchanger material inlet. channel, and the heat of the material is transferred to the heat conduction plate through the material channel of the heat exchanger, and the cooled material is discharged from the heat exchanger from the material outlet of the heat exchanger.

The diffused cathode material heater is a tube-belt radiator or a finned-tube radiator, which includes a radiator material channel and cooling fins; the radiator material channel has a radiator material inlet and a radiator material outlet, and the high-temperature material passes through the radiator The material inlet of the radiator enters the material channel of the radiator, and with the assistance of the flywheel, the heat of the material in the material channel of the radiator is dissipated, and the cooled material is discharged out of the cathode material radiator from the material outlet of the radiator.

The radiator can be used as a radiator for a direct liquid fuel cell system or a radiator for a hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system.

The heat exchanger material channel is used to transport the material discharged from the anode outlet of the stack in the direct liquid fuel cell system, or is used to transport the stack cooling water in the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system; the cathode The material radiator is used to transport the gas-liquid mixture discharged from the cathode outlet of the stack in the direct liquid fuel cell system or the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system.

When the radiator based on the Stirling engine of the present invention is used as a radiator for a direct liquid fuel cell system or a hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, it has the following advantages:

1. The radiator based on the Stirling engine of the present invention combines the advantages of the Stirling engine, has high theoretical thermal efficiency, does not require fuel combustion, and has unlimited emissions;

2. The radiator based on the Stirling engine of the present invention does not need a power supply when its auxiliary heat dissipation component, that is, the flywheel in the Stirling engine, saves the output power of the fuel cell system and reduces the internal consumption of the system;

3. The radiator based on the Stirling engine of the present invention can use the heat carried by the anode material or the heat carried by the anode cooling water to drive the flywheel with fan blades to dissipate heat for the cathode material, which is conducive to maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack Stable and beneficial to the recovery of cathode water.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a radiator based on a Stirling engine according to the present invention. Wherein 101 is a Stirling engine, 102 is a heat exchanger, 103 is a cathode material radiator, 104 is a heat exchanger material inlet, 105 is a heat exchanger material outlet, 106 is a radiator material inlet, and 107 is a radiator material outlet , 108 is a flywheel, fan blades are installed radially inside and/or outside, and 109 is a radiator bracket. The Stirling engine 101 is fixed on the upper surface of the heat exchanger 102 , and the cathode material radiator 103 is fixed on the heat exchanger 102 through a bracket 109 . The heat exchanger 102 transfers the heat of the materials passing through it to the Stirling engine 101 , and the Stirling engine 101 converts heat energy into kinetic energy to drive the flywheel 108 to rotate. The flywheel 108 faces the cathode radiator 103, and with the assistance of the airflow generated when the flywheel 108 rotates, the cathode material radiator 103 dissipates heat for the materials passing through it.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the Stirling engine in the radiator based on the Stirling engine of the present invention. Wherein 108 is a flywheel, 201 is a displacer cylinder, 202 is a displacer, and 203 is a displacer bottom plate, which is the heating end of the Stirling engine and is made of a material with good thermal conductivity. 204 is the top plate of the displacer, which is also the cooling end of the Stirling engine. It is made of a material with good thermal conductivity and has fins to enhance the cooling function. 205 is a displacer shaft, 206 is a displacer connecting rod, 207 is a power piston, 208 is a power piston connecting rod, 209 is a crank transmission shaft, 210 is a crank transmission shaft support, and 211 is a power piston cylinder. The engine belongs to the low-temperature differential gamma Stirling engine, and the cooling method is natural air cooling.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchanger in a radiator based on a Stirling engine according to the present invention. Wherein 301 is a heat conduction plate, which can be made of a material with good heat conduction performance. 302 is the material channel of the heat exchanger, which can be made of a pipe with good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, or can be processed by machining. The material channel 302 of the heat exchanger is closely attached to the heat conducting plate 301 . 104 is the material inlet of the heat exchanger, and 105 is the material outlet of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the cathode material radiator in the Stirling engine-based radiator of the present invention. Wherein 401 is a radiator fin, 402 is a radiator material channel, 106 is a radiator material inlet, 107 is a radiator material outlet, and 109 is a radiator bracket, which supports the radiator fin 401 and the radiator material channel 402, and the cathode material The radiator 103 is fixed on the heat exchanger 102 .

Detailed ways

To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are cited.

Example 1

In a 100W DMFC system, the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack is about 72°C. The anode material of the fuel cell stack is methanol solution, and the temperature of the methanol solution is approximately equal to the temperature of the fuel cell stack during normal operation. Driven by the circulation pump, the methanol solution flows out from the anode outlet of the stack and enters the heat exchanger 102 through the heat exchanger material inlet 104 . When the methanol solution flows through the material channel 302 of the heat exchanger, heat is transferred to the heat conducting plate 301 , and then flows into the next component through the material outlet 105 of the heat exchanger. The heat conducting plate 301 transfers heat to the Stirling engine 101 above. Stirling engine 101 drives flywheel 108 to rotate. Driven by the air pump, water vapor, carbon dioxide, unreacted waste gas, etc. from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack enter the cathode material radiator 103 through the radiator material inlet 106 . When the cathode material flows through the material channel 402 of the radiator, part of the heat is dissipated with the assistance of the flywheel 108 . The cathode material flows into the next component through the radiator material outlet 107. Using the heat sink of the present invention can use the heat carried by the anode material to drive the flywheel with fan blades to assist the cathode material to dissipate heat, save electric energy and dissipate part of the heat for the anode material, which is beneficial to keep the temperature of the fuel cell stack stable.

Example 2

In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system with a power of 25kW cooling water circulation, the anode material is hydrogen, the cathode material is air, the working temperature of the fuel cell stack is about 72°C, and the cooling water circulation is used to maintain heat balance. The cooling water enters the heat exchanger 102 from the fuel cell stack cooling water outlet through the heat exchanger material inlet 104 driven by the cooling water pump. When the cooling water flows through the material channel 302 of the heat exchanger, heat is transferred to the heat conducting plate 301 , and then flows into the next component through the material outlet 105 of the heat exchanger. The heat conducting plate 301 transfers heat to the Stirling engine 101 above. Stirling engine 101 drives flywheel 108 to rotate. Driven by the air pump, cathode materials such as water vapor and unreacted waste gas from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack enter the cathode material radiator 103 through the radiator material inlet 106 . When the cathode material flows through the material channel 402 of the radiator, part of the heat is dissipated with the assistance of the flywheel 108 . The cathode material flows into the next component through the radiator material outlet 107. Using the heat sink of the present invention can use the heat carried by the cooling water to drive the flywheel with fan blades to assist the cathode material to dissipate heat, which not only saves electric energy but also facilitates water recovery.

Claims (7)

1. A radiator based on a Stirling engine, characterized in that: comprising a Stirling engine (101), A heat exchanger (102) is provided at the heating end of the Stirling engine (101), a flywheel (108) is provided at one end of the crank drive shaft (209) of the Stirling engine (101), and the inside of the flywheel (108) And/or fan blades are installed radially on the outside to form a fan-shaped flywheel; the side of the flywheel (108) away from the crank drive shaft is provided with a radiator (103), and the airflow generated when the fan blades on the flywheel (108) rotates is used The cathode material radiator (103) dissipates heat; the heat exchanger (102) transfers heat to the Stirling engine (101), and the Stirling engine (101) converts heat energy into kinetic energy to drive the flywheel (108) to rotate, thereby assisting The cathode material radiator (103) dissipates heat. 2. The radiator based on Stirling engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (102) is closely attached to the lower end of the displacer cylinder (201) of the Stirling engine (101); The cathode material radiator (103) is fixed on the heat exchanger (102) and directly opposite to the flywheel (108) on the Stirling engine (101). 3. The radiator based on Stirling engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The Stirling engine is a low-temperature difference gamma Stirling engine, which includes a displacer cylinder (201), and a displacer (202) is arranged inside the displacer cylinder (201), and the upper end of the displacer (202) passes through the displacer shaft (205) is movably connected with a displacer connecting rod (206), A power piston cylinder (211) is arranged on the upper part of the displacer cylinder (201), and the power piston (206) is placed inside the power piston cylinder (211). The displacer connecting rod (206) and the power piston connecting rod (208) are respectively flexibly connected with the crank transmission shaft (209); the displacer (202) and the power piston (206) maintain a phase angle of 90 degrees; the crank transmission shaft (209) On the bracket of the crank transmission shaft (210), one end of the crank transmission shaft (209) is provided with a flywheel (108), and fan blades are installed radially inside and/or outside of the flywheel (108), forming a fan-shaped flywheel; The lower end of the displacer cylinder (201) is used as the displacer bottom plate (203), which is the heating end of the Stirling engine, and the upper end of the displacer cylinder (201) is used as the displacer top plate (204), which is the heat dissipation of the Stirling engine At the end, the top plate (204) of the displacer is provided with fins to enhance the heat dissipation function. 4. The radiator based on Stirling engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat exchanger (102) comprises a heat conducting plate (301) and a heat exchanger material channel (302); the heat exchanger material channel The two ends of (302) are heat exchanger material inlet (104) and heat exchanger material outlet (105) respectively, high-temperature material enters heat exchanger material channel (302) through heat exchanger material inlet (104), and passes heat The material channel (302) of the exchanger transfers the heat of the material to the heat conducting plate (301), and the cooled material is discharged from the heat exchanger (102) through the material outlet (105) of the heat exchanger. 5. The radiator based on a Stirling engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cathode material radiator (103) is a tube-and-belt radiator or a finned-tube radiator, including a radiator material channel (402), cooling fins (401); the radiator material channel (402) has a radiator material inlet (106) and a radiator material outlet (107), and high-temperature materials enter the radiator material channel through the radiator material inlet (106) (402), with the assistance of the flywheel (108), the heat of the material in the radiator material channel (402) is dissipated, and the cooled material is discharged from the radiator material outlet (107) to the cathode material radiator (103). 6. The radiator based on Stirling engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the radiator can be used as a radiator for a direct liquid fuel cell system or a radiator for a hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. 7. The radiator based on Stirling engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: the heat exchanger material channel (302) is used to transport the material discharged from the anode outlet of the stack in the direct liquid fuel cell system, Or it is used to transmit the stack cooling water in the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system; the cathode material radiator (103) is used to transmit the direct liquid fuel cell system or the hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell system The gas-liquid mixture discharged from the cathode outlet of the stack.

Images