CN103839473B - Electrical fire Scenario experiences device and control method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电气火灾情景体验装置及其控制方法，该装置包括：电源控制单元、故障单元、接线系统、燃烧池和灭火单元，其中电源控制单元通过接线系统与故障单元连接，用于为故障单元提供所需的电压和电流；故障单元包括若干个故障设置电路，每个故障设置电路对应于一种故障模式；燃烧池内设置有可燃物，故障单元的故障触发点设置在燃烧池内；灭火单元设置于燃烧池的一侧。该方法是：设置一种故障模式，接通电源触发故障电弧，引燃燃烧池中的可燃物，同时通过对燃烧池监控、数据采集和对比，发出报警信号，之后，采用灭火单元中的灭火器进行灭火。本发明不仅能够专门进行电气火灾的实验模拟，还能进行消防演习训练课科普教育。
The invention discloses an electrical fire scene experience device and a control method thereof. The device comprises: a power control unit, a fault unit, a wiring system, a combustion pool and a fire extinguishing unit, wherein the power control unit is connected to the fault unit through the wiring system for Provide the required voltage and current for the fault unit; the fault unit includes several fault setting circuits, each fault setting circuit corresponds to a fault mode; combustibles are set in the combustion pool, and the fault trigger point of the fault unit is set in the combustion pool; The fire extinguishing unit is arranged on one side of the combustion pool. The method is: set a fault mode, turn on the power to trigger the fault arc, ignite the combustibles in the combustion pool, and send an alarm signal through monitoring, data collection and comparison of the combustion pool, and then use the fire extinguisher in the fire extinguishing unit Put out the fire. The invention can not only specially carry out the experimental simulation of electrical fire, but also carry out popular science education of fire drill training courses.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及消防设备研究领域，特别涉及一种电气火灾情景体验装置及其控制方法。The invention relates to the field of fire-fighting equipment research, in particular to an electrical fire scene experience device and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
火灾的情景模拟是以尽可能接近实际的方式再现火灾场面，给观众以真实的火灾现场情景，是实现火灾科研、防火科普教育、消防培训的有效途径。目前，国内外对火灾的情景模拟主要集中于数值模拟和在此基础上的虚拟现实技术。然而，就专门的电气火灾产生方面的情景模拟还未有研究，无论在软件仿真还是装置设计方面均未有报道。The fire scene simulation is to reproduce the fire scene in a way as close to reality as possible, and to give the audience a real scene of the fire scene. It is an effective way to realize fire research, fire prevention science education, and fire training. At present, domestic and foreign fire scene simulations mainly focus on numerical simulation and virtual reality technology based on this. However, there is no research on the scenario simulation of special electrical fire generation, neither in software simulation nor in device design.
因此，对专门的电气火灾进行情景模拟对于防范电气类火灾、增强民众的防火用电意识具有重要的实用价值。Therefore, the scenario simulation of special electrical fires has important practical value for preventing electrical fires and enhancing people's awareness of fire prevention and electricity use.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足，提供一种电气火灾情景体验装置，该装置不仅能够专门进行电气火灾的实验模拟，还能进行消防演习训练课科普教育。The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and provide an electrical fire scene experience device, which can not only specialize in the experimental simulation of electrical fires, but also conduct popular science education in fire drill training courses.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述电气火灾情景体验装置的控制方法，通过该方法可以控制上述装置实现多种电气故障火灾的情景模拟。Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method based on the above-mentioned electrical fire scene experience device, through which the above-mentioned device can be controlled to realize various scene simulations of electrical fault fires.
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：电气火灾情景体验装置，包括：电源控制单元、故障单元、接线系统、燃烧池和灭火单元，其中电源控制单元通过接线系统与故障单元连接，用于为故障单元提供所需的电压和电流；故障单元包括若干个故障设置电路，每个故障设置电路对应于一种故障模式；燃烧池内设置有可燃物，故障单元的故障触发点设置在燃烧池内；灭火单元设置于燃烧池的一侧。The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an electrical fire scene experience device, comprising: a power control unit, a fault unit, a wiring system, a combustion pool and a fire extinguishing unit, wherein the power control unit is connected with the fault unit through a wiring system for providing The fault unit provides the required voltage and current; the fault unit includes several fault setting circuits, each fault setting circuit corresponds to a fault mode; combustibles are set in the combustion pool, and the fault trigger point of the fault unit is set in the combustion pool; fire extinguishing The unit is set on one side of the combustion pool.
更进一步的，所述电源控制单元包括三相调压器，用于调整加载在故障设置电路上的电压、电流和功率。Furthermore, the power control unit includes a three-phase voltage regulator, which is used to adjust the voltage, current and power loaded on the fault setting circuit.
优选的，故障单元内包括4个故障设置电路，分别为并联短路故障设置电路、接地短路故障设置电路、过载故障设置电路和接触不良故障设置电路，每个电路均分别通过接线系统和电源控制单元连接。Preferably, the fault unit includes four fault setting circuits, which are respectively a parallel short circuit fault setting circuit, a grounding short circuit fault setting circuit, an overload fault setting circuit and a poor contact fault setting circuit, and each circuit is respectively passed through the wiring system and the power control unit connect.
具体的，所述并联短路故障设置电路包括两路电线，一路连接相线，一路连接零线；故障发生时两路电线短接，相线和零线的接触点为故障触发点。Specifically, the parallel short-circuit fault setting circuit includes two wires, one connected to the phase wire and the other connected to the neutral wire; when a fault occurs, the two wires are short-circuited, and the contact point between the phase wire and the neutral wire is the fault trigger point.
具体的，所述接地短路故障设置电路包括两路电线，一路连接相线，一路连接地线；故障发生时两路电线短接，相线和地线的接触点为故障触发点。Specifically, the grounding short-circuit fault setting circuit includes two wires, one connected to the phase wire and the other connected to the ground wire; when a fault occurs, the two wires are short-circuited, and the contact point between the phase wire and the ground wire is the fault trigger point.
具体的，所述过载故障设置电路包括一路电线，控制单元通过接线系统在该路电线两端加载大于数倍该电线安全电流负载的电流，该电线任何一点均可为故障触发点。Specifically, the overload fault setting circuit includes a wire, and the control unit loads a current greater than several times the safe current load of the wire at both ends of the wire through the wiring system, and any point of the wire can be a fault trigger point.
具体的，所述接触不良故障设置电路包括两根导线，两根导线表面之间接触间隙大于安全值，控制单元通过接线系统供电，故障触发点在两根导线之间的间隙处。Specifically, the poor contact fault setting circuit includes two wires, the contact gap between the surfaces of the two wires is greater than a safe value, the control unit is powered by the wiring system, and the fault trigger point is at the gap between the two wires.
优选的，所述电气火灾情景体验装置还包括情景监控单元，该单元包括温度传感器、烟气浓度测试装置和显示单元，温度传感器、烟气浓度测试装置设置在燃烧池周围，温度传感器采集的温度值、烟气浓度测试装置采集的烟气浓度值实时地显示在显示单元上。Preferably, the electrical fire scene experience device also includes a scene monitoring unit, which includes a temperature sensor, a smoke concentration test device and a display unit, the temperature sensor and the smoke concentration test device are arranged around the combustion pool, and the temperature collected by the temperature sensor The smoke concentration value collected by the smoke concentration test device is displayed on the display unit in real time.
优选的，所述电气火灾情景体验装置还包括火灾报警单元，用于在情景监控单元中的数据大于预设的数据时对外报警。Preferably, the electrical fire scene experience device further includes a fire alarm unit, configured to give an external alarm when the data in the scene monitoring unit is greater than preset data.
优选的，所述燃烧池为下凹容器，其内的可燃物为汽油、酒精、聚氨酯泡沫材料、白纸、衣物。Preferably, the combustion pool is a sunken container, and the combustibles therein are gasoline, alcohol, polyurethane foam, white paper, and clothing.
一种基于上述电气火灾情景体验装置的控制方法，包括步骤：A control method based on the above-mentioned electrical fire scene experience device, comprising steps:
（1）用户在故障单元选定一种故障模式，对其对应的故障设置电路进行设定，然后设定的信号发送到电源控制单元；(1) The user selects a failure mode in the failure unit, sets the corresponding failure setting circuit, and then sends the set signal to the power control unit;
（2）电源控制单元根据选定的故障模式对相应的故障设置电路提供电压或电流；(2) The power control unit supplies voltage or current to the corresponding fault setting circuit according to the selected fault mode;
（3）开启该故障设置电路，故障设置电路中的故障触发点处发出电火花，进而引燃燃烧池内的可燃物，产生火焰；(3) Turn on the fault setting circuit, and the fault trigger point in the fault setting circuit will emit electric sparks, and then ignite the combustibles in the combustion pool to generate flames;
（4）用户关闭故障设置电路，开启灭火单元对燃烧池内火焰进行灭火。(4) The user closes the fault setting circuit, and opens the fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the flame in the combustion pool.
优选的，所述故障设置电路中的器件为可替换器件，电源控制单元根据不同器件提供不同的电压或电流。从而可以对器件的安全性进行测试，为电气火灾的情景模拟提供了技术参数。Preferably, the devices in the fault setting circuit are replaceable devices, and the power control unit provides different voltages or currents according to different devices. Therefore, the safety of the device can be tested, and technical parameters are provided for the scenario simulation of electrical fires.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点和有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、本发明装置是消防演习和训练系统方案设计的一部分，主要可用于企业消防培训和应急演习，也可作为消防警示体验场馆的一部分，特别是能对由于电气故障引起的火灾进行实验模拟、消防应急演练。1. The device of the present invention is a part of fire drill and training system design, mainly used for enterprise fire training and emergency drill, and can also be used as a part of fire warning experience venues, especially for experimental simulation of fires caused by electrical failures, Fire emergency drills.
2、本发明中的电源控制单元可以根据不同的故障设置电路、同一故障设置电路中不同器件设置不同的电压或电流，从而可以对各电器件的安全性进行测试，为电气火灾的情景模拟提供了技术参数。2. The power supply control unit in the present invention can set different voltages or currents according to different fault setting circuits and different devices in the same fault setting circuit, so that the safety of each electrical device can be tested, and the situation simulation of electrical fires can be provided. technical parameters.
3、通过对本发明装置的使用，可以告诫人们一些电气故障是如何引发火灾的，给人们一种亲临现场的体验，同时也为人们对电气安全提供一些警示。3. Through the use of the device of the present invention, people can be warned about how some electrical failures cause fires, giving people an experience of being on site, and at the same time providing people with some warnings about electrical safety.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.
图2是并联短路故障设置电路的示例图。Fig. 2 is an example diagram of a parallel short circuit fault setting circuit.
图3是接地短路故障设置电路的示例图。FIG. 3 is an example diagram of a ground short fault setting circuit.
图4是过载故障设置电路的示例图。FIG. 4 is an example diagram of an overload fault setting circuit.
图5是接触不良故障设置电路的示例图。Fig. 5 is an example diagram of a poor contact fault setting circuit.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例电气火灾情景体验装置包括：电源控制单元、故障单元、接线系统、燃烧池和灭火单元，其中电源控制单元通过接线系统与故障单元连接，用于为故障单元提供所需的电压和电流；故障单元包括若干个故障设置电路，每个故障设置电路对应于一种故障模式；燃烧池内设置有可燃物，故障单元的故障触发点设置在燃烧池内；灭火单元设置于燃烧池的一侧。所述电源控制单元包括三相调压器，用于调整加载在故障设置电路上的电压、电流和功率。As shown in Figure 1, the electrical fire scene experience device of this embodiment includes: a power control unit, a fault unit, a wiring system, a combustion pool and a fire extinguishing unit, wherein the power control unit is connected with the fault unit through the wiring system to provide The required voltage and current; the fault unit includes several fault setting circuits, each fault setting circuit corresponds to a fault mode; combustibles are set in the combustion pool, and the fault trigger point of the fault unit is set in the combustion pool; the fire extinguishing unit is set in side of the burning pool. The power control unit includes a three-phase voltage regulator for adjusting the voltage, current and power loaded on the fault setting circuit.
本实施例装置还包括情景监控单元，该单元包括温度传感器、烟气浓度测试装置和显示单元，温度传感器、烟气浓度测试装置设置在燃烧池周围，温度传感器采集的温度值、烟气浓度测试装置采集的烟气浓度值实时地显示在显示单元上。The device in this embodiment also includes a scene monitoring unit, which includes a temperature sensor, a smoke concentration test device and a display unit. The temperature sensor and the smoke concentration test device are arranged around the combustion pool, and the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor, the smoke concentration test The smoke concentration value collected by the device is displayed on the display unit in real time.
本实施例装置还包括火灾报警单元，用于在情景监控单元中的数据大于预设的数据时对外报警。The device in this embodiment also includes a fire alarm unit, which is used to give an external alarm when the data in the scene monitoring unit is greater than the preset data.
所述燃烧池为下凹容器，其内的可燃物为汽油、酒精、聚氨酯泡沫材料、白纸、衣物等。The combustion pool is a sunken container, and the combustibles in it are gasoline, alcohol, polyurethane foam material, white paper, clothes and the like.
基于上述电气火灾情景体验装置的控制方法，包括步骤：The control method based on the above-mentioned electrical fire scene experience device includes the steps of:
（1）用户在故障单元选定一种故障模式，对其对应的故障设置电路进行设定，然后设定的信号发送到电源控制单元；(1) The user selects a failure mode in the failure unit, sets the corresponding failure setting circuit, and then sends the set signal to the power control unit;
（2）电源控制单元根据选定的故障模式对相应的故障设置电路提供电压或电流；(2) The power control unit supplies voltage or current to the corresponding fault setting circuit according to the selected fault mode;
（3）开启该故障设置电路，故障设置电路中的故障触发点处发出电火花，进而引燃燃烧池内的可燃物，产生火焰；(3) Turn on the fault setting circuit, and the fault trigger point in the fault setting circuit will emit electric sparks, and then ignite the combustibles in the combustion pool to generate flames;
（4）用户关闭故障设置电路，开启灭火单元对燃烧池内火焰进行灭火。(4) The user closes the fault setting circuit, and opens the fire extinguishing unit to extinguish the flame in the combustion pool.
所述故障设置电路中的器件为可替换器件，电源控制单元根据不同器件提供不同的电压或电流。The devices in the fault setting circuit are replaceable devices, and the power supply control unit provides different voltages or currents according to different devices.
在本实施例中，故障单元内包括4个故障设置电路，分别为并联短路故障设置电路、接地短路故障设置电路、过载故障设置电路和接触不良故障设置电路，每个电路均分别通过接线系统和电源控制单元连接。下面结合图2-5分别对每种电路故障进行详细描述。In this embodiment, the fault unit includes four fault setting circuits, which are respectively a parallel short circuit fault setting circuit, a ground short circuit fault setting circuit, an overload fault setting circuit and a poor contact fault setting circuit. Power control unit connection. Each type of circuit fault will be described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 2-5.
如图2所示，为并联短路故障设置电路，包括两路电线，一路连接相线，一路连接零线，图中21为接线部分，22为压线装置，23为接触闸刀。故障发生时两路电线短接，相线和零线的接触点为故障触发点。在选择此故障模式时，调整好电压和电流并且通电后，将接触闸刀合上，进入短路状态，在短路接触点（即故障触发点）中会发出电火花，从而点燃燃烧池中的可燃物，与此同时情景监控单元对温度和烟气浓度进行监控，并采集数据，通过与预设的数据进行对比，若出现异常，则火灾报警单元会对外发出报警信号，接收到报警信号后，通过灭火单元中的灭火器对燃烧池进行灭火。As shown in Figure 2, the circuit is set up for parallel short-circuit faults, including two lines of wires, one connected to the phase line and one connected to the neutral line. In the figure, 21 is the wiring part, 22 is the crimping device, and 23 is the contact switch knife. When a fault occurs, the two wires are short-circuited, and the contact point of the phase wire and the neutral wire is the fault trigger point. When selecting this failure mode, after adjusting the voltage and current and energizing, close the contact switch and enter the short-circuit state, and an electric spark will be emitted at the short-circuit contact point (that is, the fault trigger point), thereby igniting the combustible gas in the combustion pool. At the same time, the scene monitoring unit monitors the temperature and smoke concentration, collects data, and compares it with the preset data. If there is an abnormality, the fire alarm unit will send out an alarm signal. After receiving the alarm signal, Extinguish the fire pool with the fire extinguisher in the fire extinguishing unit.
如图3所示，为接地短路故障设置电路，包括两路电线，一路连接相线，一路连接地线（实线代表相线，虚线代表地线）；故障发生时两路电线短接，相线和地线的接触点为故障触发点。图中31为接线部分，32为压线装置，33为接触闸刀。在选择此故障模式时，通过接地短路引起电火花，点燃燃烧池中的可燃物。As shown in Figure 3, set up a circuit for grounding short-circuit faults, including two wires, one connected to the phase wire and the other connected to the ground wire (the solid line represents the phase wire, and the dotted line represents the ground wire); when a fault occurs, the two wires are shorted, and the phase wire The point of contact between the ground wire and the ground wire is the fault trigger point. Among the figure, 31 is a wiring part, 32 is a crimping device, and 33 is a contact switch knife. When this failure mode is selected, an electric spark is caused by a short circuit to ground, which ignites the combustibles in the combustion pool.
如图4所示，为过载故障设置电路，包括一路电线，图中41为接线部分，42为压线装置。控制单元通过接线系统在该路电线两端加载大于数倍该电线安全电流负载的电流，该电线任何一点均可为故障触发点。在选择此故障模式时，通过对电线进行加载远远大于其允许的最大电流值，使其处于过载状态，从而出现故障引起电火花，点燃燃烧池中的可燃物。As shown in Fig. 4, a circuit is set up for an overload fault, including one wire, 41 in the figure is a wiring part, and 42 is a wire crimping device. The control unit loads a current greater than several times the safe current load of the wire at both ends of the wire through the wiring system, and any point of the wire can be a fault trigger point. When this failure mode is selected, by loading the wire far greater than its allowable maximum current value, it is in an overload state, and a fault occurs to cause an electric spark, which ignites the combustibles in the combustion pool.
如图5所示，为接触不良故障设置电路，包括两根导线，两根导线表面之间接触间隙大于安全值，控制单元通过接线系统供电，故障触发点在两根导线之间的间隙处。如图中51表示接线部分，52为可动调节支架，53为金属接触端。在选择此故障模式时，由于两根导线之间压力太小造成导线表面并不是完全接触，其间存在间隙，当空隙大于一定值时，通上电流后，在这间隙之间会出现电火花，点燃燃烧池中的可燃物。As shown in Figure 5, the circuit is set up for poor contact faults, including two wires, the contact gap between the surfaces of the two wires is greater than the safe value, the control unit is powered by the wiring system, and the fault trigger point is at the gap between the two wires. In the figure, 51 represents the wiring part, 52 is the movable adjustment bracket, and 53 is the metal contact end. When this failure mode is selected, the surface of the wires is not in complete contact due to the small pressure between the two wires, and there is a gap between them. When the gap is greater than a certain value, after the current is turned on, an electric spark will appear between the gaps. Ignites combustibles in the burning pool.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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