CN103834847A - High-density non-magnetic balance block as well as powder metallurgy preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-density non-magnetic balance block as well as powder metallurgy preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于粉末冶金技术领域，公开了一种高密度无磁平衡块及其粉末冶金制备方法和应用。该粉末冶金制备方法通过将Fe-Mn-C预合金与WC经高速压制、高温烧结实现。本发明通过利用WC对Fe-Mn-C增强实现高性能，通过高速压制成形技术解决增强颗粒WC加入后的压缩性差的问题，得到密度高、性能优异的合金材料，在无磁平衡块较少组分的前提下实现高性能，所得无磁平衡块密度高达7.6～7.8g/cm3。本发明的粉末冶金制备方法工艺简单、流程短、近净成形、成本低、实用性好、成形快、生产效率高，具有良好的工业化生产前景。The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and discloses a high-density non-magnetic balance weight and a powder metallurgy preparation method and application thereof. The powder metallurgy preparation method is realized through high-speed pressing and high-temperature sintering of Fe-Mn-C prealloy and WC. The present invention achieves high performance by using WC to strengthen Fe-Mn-C, and solves the problem of poor compressibility of reinforced particles after WC is added through high-speed compression forming technology, and obtains an alloy material with high density and excellent performance, and has fewer non-magnetic balance weights High performance is achieved under the premise of the components, and the density of the obtained non-magnetic balance weight is as high as 7.6-7.8g/cm 3 . The powder metallurgy preparation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, short process, near-net shape, low cost, good practicability, fast forming, high production efficiency, and good industrialized production prospects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于粉末冶金技术领域，特别涉及一种高密度无磁平衡块及其粉末冶金制备方法和应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a high-density non-magnetic balance weight and a powder metallurgy preparation method and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
压缩机中的平衡块作用重大，其维持了曲轴在高速旋转时的平稳状态。物体各部位质量本身有差异，在静态和低速旋转下，质量的不均匀就会影响物体旋转的稳定性，转速越高，震动就会越大，平衡块保护了电机的平稳运行。目前，有的曲轴平衡块是锻造或铸造时与曲轴连成一体的。有的用螺栓拧在曲轴上，在安装空间不够时，多采用螺栓紧固方式。平衡块在使用时，在交变电流的环境下不能发生磁化或磁场作用，必须保持材料的无磁性。The balance weight in the compressor plays an important role in maintaining the stable state of the crankshaft when it rotates at high speed. The quality of each part of the object is different. Under static and low-speed rotation, the uneven quality will affect the stability of the object's rotation. The higher the speed, the greater the vibration. The balance block protects the smooth operation of the motor. At present, some crankshaft balance weights are integrated with the crankshaft during forging or casting. Some are screwed on the crankshaft with bolts. When the installation space is not enough, the bolt fastening method is often used. When the balance weight is in use, magnetization or magnetic field cannot occur in the environment of alternating current, and the material must be kept non-magnetic.
压缩机中的平衡块材料一般有铜、锌和无磁钢等，因为铜和锌的价格不断上升，无磁钢是目前应用的热点。由于电机的尺寸不断变小，平衡块的尺寸也在降低，这对材料的尺寸提出了新的要求，一般精密铸造生产的无磁钢产品材料的均匀性不佳、铸件表面质量较差且生产效率低，很难满足大批量低成本无污染的生产需求。国内外针对压缩机无磁平衡块进行了一定程度的研究，其中，发明专利ZL102517520A-一种无磁压缩机电机平衡块虽然利用粉末冶金的方法制作，但材料的成分过于复杂，合金组元多；发明专利ZL102528040A-压缩机平衡块粉末冶金制作工艺方法，虽然也是利用粉末冶金的方法制作，但合金元素或含碳量过高，难于采用传统压制方法获得高的密度及全致密，特别是高达7.6～7.8g/cm3的密度。所述的前面两种无磁钢平衡块虽然利用粉末冶金的方法制作，但仍然有一些不足。为此，开发一种高密度无磁平衡块的粉末冶金制备方法是很有必要的。The materials of the balance weight in the compressor generally include copper, zinc and non-magnetic steel, etc., because the price of copper and zinc continues to rise, and non-magnetic steel is currently a hot spot for application. As the size of the motor continues to decrease, the size of the balance weight is also reduced, which puts forward new requirements for the size of the material. Generally, the non-magnetic steel products produced by precision casting have poor material uniformity, poor surface quality of castings and production The efficiency is low, and it is difficult to meet the production needs of large quantities, low cost and pollution-free. A certain degree of research has been carried out on the non-magnetic balance weight of compressors at home and abroad. Among them, the invention patent ZL102517520A-a non-magnetic compressor motor balance weight is made by powder metallurgy, but the composition of the material is too complicated and there are many alloy components. ; Invention patent ZL102528040A-compressor balance block powder metallurgy production process, although it is also produced by powder metallurgy, but the alloy elements or carbon content are too high, it is difficult to obtain high density and full density by traditional pressing methods, especially up to Density of 7.6～7.8g/cm 3 . Although the above two non-magnetic steel balance weights are produced by powder metallurgy, they still have some deficiencies. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a powder metallurgy preparation method for high-density non-magnetic balance weights.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种高密度无磁平衡块的粉末冶金制备方法。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-density powder metallurgy preparation method without magnetic balance weights.
本发明另一目的在于提供上述方法制备的高密度无磁平衡块。Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-density non-magnetic balance weight prepared by the above method.
本发明再一目的在于提供上述高密度无磁平衡块在压缩机中的应用。Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned high-density non-magnetic balance weight in a compressor.
本发明的目的通过下述方案实现：The object of the present invention is achieved through the following solutions:
一种高密度无磁平衡块的粉末冶金制备方法，通过将Fe-Mn-C预合金与WC经高速压制、高温烧结实现。A powder metallurgy preparation method for a high-density non-magnetic balance weight is realized by high-speed pressing and high-temperature sintering of Fe-Mn-C pre-alloyed and WC.
具体包括以下步骤：Specifically include the following steps:
把Fe-Mn-C预合金与WC混合，机械球磨混合均匀，经高速压制成形，高温烧结，得到高密度无磁平衡块。Mix Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy with WC, mix uniformly by mechanical ball milling, form by high-speed pressing, and sinter at high temperature to obtain high-density non-magnetic balance weight.
优选地，所述Fe-Mn-C预合金中，Mn的含量为12～16wt%、C的含量为0.1～0.5wt%，余量为Fe。Preferably, in the Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy, the content of Mn is 12-16 wt%, the content of C is 0.1-0.5 wt%, and the balance is Fe.
所用Fe-Mn-C预合金与WC的质量比为92:8～97:3。The mass ratio of the Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy used to WC is 92:8-97:3.
所述的高速压制（HVC）指在速率为3.0～8.0m/s下压制成形。The high-speed pressing (HVC) refers to pressing at a speed of 3.0-8.0 m/s.
优选地，所述的高温烧结指在1120～1250℃烧结1小时。Preferably, the high-temperature sintering refers to sintering at 1120-1250° C. for 1 hour.
所述WC优选为粒度5～20μm的粉末。The WC is preferably a powder with a particle size of 5-20 μm.
优选地，所述Fe-Mn-C预合金的粒度小于147μm，粉末流动性为25～30s/50g。Preferably, the particle size of the Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy is less than 147 μm, and the powder fluidity is 25-30s/50g.
所述Fe-Mn-C预合金由Fe、Mn、C经预合金化得到。The Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy is obtained by pre-alloying Fe, Mn and C.
所述预合金化可采用常规的N2气气雾化的方法制备。The pre-alloying can be prepared by conventional N 2 gas atomization method.
优选地，所述预合金化具体包括以下步骤：将Mn、C、Fe粉末在真空条件下熔炼，采用N2气气雾化制备得到Fe-Mn-C预合金。Preferably, the pre-alloying specifically includes the following steps: smelting Mn, C, and Fe powders under vacuum conditions, and adopting N 2 gas atomization to obtain a Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy.
优选地，所述高速压制前添加硬脂酸锂润滑剂并再次混合均匀。Preferably, lithium stearate lubricant is added before the high-speed pressing and mixed evenly again.
所用硬脂酸锂润滑剂的量为Fe-Mn-C预合金和WC总质量的0.3～0.5%。The amount of lithium stearate lubricant used is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of Fe-Mn-C pre-alloy and WC.
所述再次混合均匀优选为在V型混料机中混合30～90min。The re-mixing is preferably mixed in a V-type mixer for 30-90 minutes.
优选地，所述球磨均匀指利用机械球磨20～60min至均匀。Preferably, the uniform ball milling refers to using mechanical ball milling for 20-60 minutes to achieve uniformity.
优选地，所述高温烧结在分解氨保护氛围下进行。Preferably, the high-temperature sintering is carried out under a protective atmosphere of decomposed ammonia.
所述制备得到的高密度无磁平衡块可进行去毛刺等后处理。The prepared high-density non-magnetic balance weight can be subjected to after-treatments such as deburring.
上述方法制备得到的高密度无磁平衡块的密度可高达7.6～7.8g/cm3，适用于压缩机中。The density of the high-density non-magnetic balance weight prepared by the above method can be as high as 7.6-7.8g/cm 3 , which is suitable for compressors.
本发明的机理为：Mechanism of the present invention is:
本发明通过利用WC对Fe-Mn-C增强，及高速压制成形技术解决增强颗粒加入后的压缩性差的问题，得到密度高、性能优异的合金材料，在较少组分的前提下实现高性能，所得无磁平衡块密度高达7.6～7.8g/cm3。The present invention solves the problem of poor compressibility after adding reinforced particles by using WC to strengthen Fe-Mn-C and high-speed press forming technology, and obtains an alloy material with high density and excellent performance, and realizes high performance under the premise of fewer components , the density of the obtained non-magnetic balance weight is as high as 7.6-7.8g/cm 3 .
本发明相对于现有技术，具有如下的优点及有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
（1）本发明的高密度无磁平衡块由WC增强的Fe-Mn-C粉末冶金制备得到，具有密度高、性能优异、成形快、生产效率高等优异特性。(1) The high-density non-magnetic balance weight of the present invention is prepared by WC-enhanced Fe-Mn-C powder metallurgy, and has excellent characteristics such as high density, excellent performance, fast forming, and high production efficiency.
（2）本发明的制备方法采用高速压制（HVC）成形技术有效地解决了增强颗粒WC加入后的压缩性差的问题，获得7.6～7.8g/cm3的高密度。(2) The preparation method of the present invention adopts the high-speed compaction (HVC) forming technology to effectively solve the problem of poor compressibility of the reinforcing particles after WC is added, and obtain a high density of 7.6-7.8g/cm 3 .
（3）本发明的制备方法工艺简单、流程短、近净成形、成本低、实用性好，具有良好的工业化生产前景。(3) The preparation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, short process, near-net shape, low cost, good practicability, and good prospects for industrialized production.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例1：压缩机用高密度无磁平衡块的制备Example 1: Preparation of high-density non-magnetic balance weight for compressors
将Fe、Mn、C粉末按比例混合在真空下熔炼，熔炼后经常规N2气雾化制成预合金化的Fe-16Mn-0.1C椭圆形粉末，粉末粒度小于147μm，粉末流动性为25s/50g。其中，Fe-16Mn-0.1C指预合金中锰含量为16wt%，碳含量为0.1wt%，余下为铁。Mix Fe, Mn, and C powders in proportion and smelt them under vacuum. After smelting, conventional N 2 gas atomization is used to make pre-alloyed Fe-16Mn-0.1C oval powders. The powder particle size is less than 147 μm and the powder fluidity is 25s. /50g. Among them, Fe-16Mn-0.1C means that the manganese content in the pre-alloy is 16wt%, the carbon content is 0.1wt%, and the rest is iron.
将粒度为5～20μm的WC粉末与Fe-16Mn-0.1C粉末混合，Fe-16Mn-0.1C与WC的质量比为94:6，并经机械球磨混合30min。再添加质量分数为0.3wt%的硬脂酸锂润滑剂，并在V型混料机中混合90min。粉末混合均匀后，将混合粉末采用3.0m/s的高速压制成形，即得到密度为7.59g/cm3的压坯。将平衡块压坯在分解氨保护气氛下经过网带炉，其中在1120℃段烧结1小时，得到密度为7.61g/cm3的高密度无磁平衡块。最后，进行去毛刺处理得到最终成品。WC powder with a particle size of 5-20 μm was mixed with Fe-16Mn-0.1C powder, the mass ratio of Fe-16Mn-0.1C to WC was 94:6, and mixed by mechanical ball milling for 30 minutes. Then add a lithium stearate lubricant with a mass fraction of 0.3 wt%, and mix in a V-type blender for 90 minutes. After the powders are uniformly mixed, the mixed powders are pressed at a high speed of 3.0 m/s to obtain a green compact with a density of 7.59 g/cm 3 . The balance weight compact was passed through a mesh belt furnace under a protective atmosphere of decomposed ammonia, and sintered at 1120°C for 1 hour to obtain a high-density non-magnetic balance weight with a density of 7.61g/cm 3 . Finally, deburring is performed to obtain the final product.
实施例2：压缩机用高密度无磁平衡块的制备Example 2: Preparation of high-density non-magnetic balance weight for compressors
将Fe、Mn、C粉末按比例混合在真空下熔炼，熔炼后经N2气雾化制成预合金化的Fe-12Mn-0.5C椭圆形粉末，粉末粒度小于147μm，粉末流动性为30s/50g。其中，Fe-12Mn-0.5C指锰含量为12wt%，碳含量为0.5wt%，余下为铁。Mix Fe, Mn, and C powders in proportion and smelt them under vacuum. After smelting, they are atomized with N 2 to make pre-alloyed Fe-12Mn-0.5C oval powders. The powder particle size is less than 147μm, and the powder fluidity is 30s/ 50g. Among them, Fe-12Mn-0.5C means that the manganese content is 12wt%, the carbon content is 0.5wt%, and the rest is iron.
将粒度为5～20μm的WC粉末与Fe-12Mn-0.5C粉末混合，Fe-12Mn-0.5C与WC的质量比为97:3，并经机械球磨混合30min。再添加质量分数为0.4wt%的硬脂酸锂润滑剂，并在V型混料机中混合90min。粉末混合均匀后，将混合粉末采用8.0m/s的高速压制成形，即得到密度为7.77g/cm3的压坯。将平衡块压坯在分解氨保护气氛下经过网带炉，其中在1120℃段烧结1小时，得到密度为7.80g/cm3的高密度无磁平衡块。最后，进行去毛刺处理得到最终成品。WC powder with a particle size of 5-20 μm was mixed with Fe-12Mn-0.5C powder, the mass ratio of Fe-12Mn-0.5C to WC was 97:3, and mixed by mechanical ball milling for 30 minutes. Then add a lithium stearate lubricant with a mass fraction of 0.4 wt%, and mix in a V-type blender for 90 minutes. After the powders are uniformly mixed, the mixed powders are pressed at a high speed of 8.0 m/s to obtain a green compact with a density of 7.77 g/cm 3 . The balance weight compact was passed through a mesh belt furnace under a protective atmosphere of decomposed ammonia, and sintered at 1120°C for 1 hour to obtain a high-density non-magnetic balance weight with a density of 7.80g/cm 3 . Finally, deburring is performed to obtain the final product.
实施例3：压缩机用高密度无磁平衡块的制备Example 3: Preparation of high-density non-magnetic balance weight for compressors
将Fe、Mn、C粉末按比例混合在真空下熔炼，熔炼后经N2气雾化制成预合金化的Fe-14Mn-0.3C椭圆形粉末，粉末粒度小于147μm，粉末流动性为28s/50g。其中，Fe-14Mn-0.3C指锰含量为14wt%，碳含量为0.3wt%，余下为铁。Mix Fe, Mn, and C powders in proportion and smelt them under vacuum. After smelting, they are atomized by N 2 gas to make pre-alloyed Fe-14Mn-0.3C oval powders. The powder particle size is less than 147μm, and the powder fluidity is 28s/ 50g. Among them, Fe-14Mn-0.3C means that the manganese content is 14wt%, the carbon content is 0.3wt%, and the rest is iron.
将粒度为5～20μm的WC粉末与Fe-14Mn-0.3C粉末混合，Fe-14Mn-0.3C与WC的质量比为92:8，并经机械球磨混合30min。再添加质量分数为0.5wt%的硬脂酸锂润滑剂，并在V型混料机中混合90min。粉末混合均匀后，将混合粉末采用6.0m/s的高速压制成形，即得到密度为7.75g/cm3的压坯。将平衡块压坯在分解氨保护气氛下经过网带炉，其中1250℃段烧结1小时，得到密度为7.79g/cm3的高密度无磁平衡块。最后，进行去毛刺处理得到最终成品。WC powder with a particle size of 5-20 μm was mixed with Fe-14Mn-0.3C powder, the mass ratio of Fe-14Mn-0.3C to WC was 92:8, and mixed by mechanical ball milling for 30 minutes. Then add a lithium stearate lubricant with a mass fraction of 0.5 wt%, and mix in a V-type blender for 90 minutes. After the powders are mixed evenly, the mixed powders are compacted at a high speed of 6.0 m/s to obtain a compact with a density of 7.75 g/cm 3 . The balance weight compact was passed through a mesh belt furnace under a protective atmosphere of decomposed ammonia, and sintered at 1250°C for 1 hour to obtain a high-density non-magnetic balance weight with a density of 7.79g/cm 3 . Finally, deburring is performed to obtain the final product.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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