CN103820807B - Device and method for producing hydrogen and generating electricity - Google Patents
Device and method for producing hydrogen and generating electricity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103820807B CN103820807B CN201410076942.8A CN201410076942A CN103820807B CN 103820807 B CN103820807 B CN 103820807B CN 201410076942 A CN201410076942 A CN 201410076942A CN 103820807 B CN103820807 B CN 103820807B
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical group [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JIDUBFKLNRRLDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Pt].[C] Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt].[C] JIDUBFKLNRRLDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKKHZAFYZVALMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotungsten;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].[W]=O GKKHZAFYZVALMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tin Chemical compound [Ni].[Sn] CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ONGZMKPEWCAXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-] Chemical compound [Cl+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-] ONGZMKPEWCAXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005120 petroleum cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种产氢发电的装置及其方法。其中，所述装置包括：电化学池以及设置在电化学池内将电化学池分为阳极室和阴极室的离子交换膜，在阴极室和阳极室内分别设置有阳极和阴极，阳极与阴极通过导线与电阻相连接；其特征在于：阳极由能高效电氧化相应底物的催化剂及阳极基底组成，阴极采用具有较低析氢过电位的材料；阳极室中盛有上述底物及中性或碱性的电解质溶液，阴极室内盛放有中性或酸性的电解质溶液，且所述底物能被上述催化剂催化氧化并进一步在阴极室的作用下产生氢气。本发明可以在不加直流电的情况下产生氢气，且能实现发电，此外还可以作为氢气的储存技术，具有广阔的应用前景。
The invention discloses a hydrogen generating device and a method thereof. Wherein, the device includes: an electrochemical cell and an ion-exchange membrane arranged in the electrochemical cell to divide the electrochemical cell into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. An anode and a cathode are respectively arranged in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, and the anode and the cathode pass through a wire It is connected with a resistor; it is characterized in that: the anode is composed of a catalyst and an anode substrate that can efficiently electrooxidize the corresponding substrate, and the cathode is made of a material with a low hydrogen evolution overpotential; the anode chamber contains the above substrate and neutral or alkaline The electrolyte solution in the cathode chamber is filled with a neutral or acidic electrolyte solution, and the substrate can be catalyzed and oxidized by the catalyst and further generate hydrogen gas under the action of the cathode chamber. The invention can generate hydrogen without adding direct current, and can realize power generation. In addition, it can also be used as a hydrogen storage technology, and has broad application prospects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于应用化学和新能源领域，具体涉及一种能同时发电、产氢的装置和方法。The invention belongs to the fields of applied chemistry and new energy, and in particular relates to a device and method capable of simultaneously generating electricity and hydrogen.
背景技术Background technique
氢气是一种无污染和可再生的能源，具有能量密度高，可存储运输等特点。随着能源危机及清洁能源的需求增加，氢气作为一种高热值的清洁能源物质而备受人们关注。目前氢气的产生技术主要包括煤气化、石油裂解、生物质转化、电解水、太阳能光解水、微生物发酵等，但是上述这些传统的技术中往往会产生较多的污染物或者存在能耗较大、转化效率不高等问题。同时由于氢气的储存及运输成本较高，也影响了它的广泛应用。因此，从含氢物质中开发环境友好的氢气产生技术具有重要的意义。Hydrogen is a pollution-free and renewable energy with high energy density, storage and transportation. With the energy crisis and the increasing demand for clean energy, hydrogen, as a clean energy substance with high calorific value, has attracted people's attention. At present, hydrogen generation technologies mainly include coal gasification, petroleum cracking, biomass conversion, electrolysis of water, solar photolysis of water, microbial fermentation, etc. However, these traditional technologies often produce more pollutants or have higher energy consumption. , conversion efficiency is not high and so on. At the same time, due to the high storage and transportation costs of hydrogen, it also affects its wide application. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop environmentally friendly hydrogen generation technologies from hydrogen-containing substances.
甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖、尿素等作为典型的含氢物质广泛存在于自然界中，易于储存和运输，尤其尿素更是在动物尿液中大量存在。同时上述物质在燃料电池技术中已经可以作为阳极燃料实现电催化氧化发电，以此类物质为底物开发的电化学产氢技术，不仅具有良好的能量效率，也具有良好的环境效益。然而目前从此类底物中获取氢的电化学技术往往需要额外施加直流电，这会使其在一些场合的应用受到限制。为此本发明的目的是开发一种不需要额外施加直流电即可实现从甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖、尿素等底物中产生氢气的技术，且该技术能同时产生电能。Methanol, ethanol, glucose, urea, etc., as typical hydrogen-containing substances, widely exist in nature and are easy to store and transport, especially urea, which exists in large quantities in animal urine. At the same time, the above-mentioned substances can be used as anode fuels in fuel cell technology to realize electrocatalytic oxidation power generation. The electrochemical hydrogen production technology developed using such substances as substrates not only has good energy efficiency, but also has good environmental benefits. However, the current electrochemical techniques for obtaining hydrogen from such substrates often require additional application of direct current, which limits their application in some occasions. For this reason the purpose of the present invention is to develop a kind of technology that can realize producing hydrogen from substrates such as methanol, ethanol, glucose, urea without additionally applying direct current, and this technology can produce electric energy simultaneously.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种能将相应底物自发转化为氢气和电能的电化学装置，该装置不需施加直流电即可产生氢其，且可同时实现发电的功能。本发明的产氢发电装置简单、环保、节能且转化效率高。The object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device capable of spontaneously converting corresponding substrates into hydrogen and electrical energy. The device can generate hydrogen without applying direct current, and can realize the function of generating electricity at the same time. The hydrogen generating power generation device of the invention is simple, environment-friendly, energy-saving and has high conversion efficiency.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种产氢发电的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：电化学池以及设置在电化学池内将电化学池分为阳极室和阴极室的离子交换膜，在阴极室和阳极室内分别设置有阳极和阴极，阳极与阴极通过导线与电阻相连接；其特征在于：阳极由能高效电氧化相应底物的催化剂及阳极基底组成，阴极采用具有较低析氢过电位的材料；阳极室中盛有上述底物及中性或碱性的电解质溶液，阴极室内盛放有中性或酸性的电解质溶液，且所述底物能被上述催化剂催化氧化并进一步在阴极室的作用下产生氢气。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a device for producing hydrogen to generate electricity, characterized in that the device includes: an electrochemical cell and an electrochemical cell arranged in the electrochemical cell to divide the electrochemical cell into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber The ion exchange membrane is provided with an anode and a cathode in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber respectively, and the anode and the cathode are connected to a resistor through a wire; it is characterized in that: the anode is composed of a catalyst and an anode substrate that can efficiently electrooxidize the corresponding substrate, and the cathode is made of A material with a lower hydrogen evolution overpotential; the anode chamber contains the above substrate and a neutral or alkaline electrolyte solution, and the cathode chamber contains a neutral or acidic electrolyte solution, and the substrate can be catalyzed by the above catalyst Oxidation and further generation of hydrogen under the action of the cathode chamber.
优选的，所述阳极基底是碳布、石墨、碳毡、钛片、钛网或镍网；所述催化剂是铂碳、铂钌碳、铂-氧化钨或镍-锡合金；所述阴极的材料是铂或镍合金。Preferably, the anode substrate is carbon cloth, graphite, carbon felt, titanium sheet, titanium mesh or nickel mesh; the catalyst is platinum carbon, platinum ruthenium carbon, platinum-tungsten oxide or nickel-tin alloy; The material is platinum or nickel alloy.
优选的：所述底物为甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖或尿素。Preferably: the substrate is methanol, ethanol, glucose or urea.
优选的：所述阳极室内的电解质溶液为硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾；所述阴极室内的电解质溶液为硫酸盐水溶液、磷酸盐水溶液、硫酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液。Preferably: the electrolyte solution in the anode chamber is sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the electrolyte solution in the cathode chamber is an aqueous sulfate solution, an aqueous phosphate solution, sulfuric acid aqueous solution or hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.
优选的：所述离子交换膜采用双极性膜。Preferably: the ion exchange membrane adopts a bipolar membrane.
优选的：所述电化学池由耐酸耐碱腐蚀的材料制成。Preferably: the electrochemical cell is made of acid and alkali resistant materials.
优选的：所述耐酸耐碱腐蚀的材料为聚四氟乙烯、有机玻璃或无机玻璃。Preferably: the acid and alkali corrosion resistant material is polytetrafluoroethylene, plexiglass or inorganic glass.
优选的：所述催化剂涂覆于阳极基底上。Preferably: the catalyst is coated on the anode substrate.
优选的：所述电阻两端并联有电压表，用于测量电阻两端的电压。Preferably: a voltmeter is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor for measuring the voltage at both ends of the resistor.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种利用上述装置进行产氢发电的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：在阳极基底上涂覆催化剂；将阴极室和阳极室用离子交换膜分隔；在阳极室内加入底物和中性或碱性的电解质溶液，所述底物能被上述涂覆在阳极基底上的催化剂电催化氧化；在阴极室内加入中性或酸性的电解质溶液；在阳极与阴极之间通过导线外接一电阻，电阻两端并联电压表，用于测量电阻两端的电压；涂覆于阳极基底上的催化剂将阳极室内的底物催化氧化，释放出电子和质子，电子经外电路传递到阴极，产生电能；而质子则通过电解质传递到阴极，在阴极质子和电子结合，产生氢气。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for generating hydrogen by using the above-mentioned device, the method comprising the following steps: coating the catalyst on the anode substrate; separating the cathode chamber and the anode chamber with an ion exchange membrane; adding A substrate and a neutral or alkaline electrolyte solution, the substrate can be electrocatalytically oxidized by the above-mentioned catalyst coated on the anode substrate; a neutral or acid electrolyte solution is added in the cathode chamber; passing between the anode and the cathode A resistor is connected externally to the wire, and a voltmeter is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor to measure the voltage at both ends of the resistor; the catalyst coated on the anode substrate catalyzes the oxidation of the substrate in the anode chamber, releasing electrons and protons, and the electrons are transferred to the cathode through the external circuit , to generate electrical energy; while protons are transferred to the cathode through the electrolyte, where protons and electrons combine to produce hydrogen.
本发明的优点是，不需要外接直流电即可产生氢气，且所用底物为自然界中广泛存在的甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖、尿素等，节省能源；反应过程中不会产生污染物，较环保；同时能够产生电能，可实现对外供电。The advantage of the present invention is that hydrogen can be generated without external direct current, and the substrates used are methanol, ethanol, glucose, urea, etc. widely present in nature, saving energy; no pollutants will be produced during the reaction, which is more environmentally friendly; at the same time It can generate electric energy and realize external power supply.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的装置示意图；Fig. 1 is a device schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2是阴极室收集到的氢气体积随时间的变化示意图Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the change in the volume of hydrogen gas collected in the cathode chamber over time
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1，本发明的产氢发电装置包括电化学池以及设置在电化学池内将电化学池分为阳极室和阴极室的双极性膜，在阴极室和阳极室内分别设置有阳极和阴极，阳极与阴极通过导线与电阻相连接，电阻两端并联有电压表，用于测量电阻两端的电压。阳极由能高效电氧化相应底物的催化剂材料及阳极基底组成，所述底物在燃料电池技术中已经可以作为阳极燃料实现电催化氧化发电，例如甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖、尿素等，上述底物盛放在阳极室内；阳极基底为碳布、石墨、碳毡、钛片、钛网或镍网，催化剂材料为铂碳、铂钌碳、铂-氧化钨或镍-锡合金；上述催化剂材料涂覆于阳极基底上。阴极采用具有较低析氢过电位的材料，例如铂或镍合金；阳极室和阴极室中都盛有电解质溶液，阳极室中的电解质可以是中性的硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾等，或者碱性的氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等；阴极室内的电解质溶液可以由硫酸盐或者磷酸盐水溶液等中性电解质或硫酸、盐酸等酸性电解质组成。阴极室和阳极室由双极性膜分隔开来。双极性膜可以是阳双极性膜、阴双极性膜或双极性膜。电化学池可以由耐酸耐碱腐蚀的材料如聚四氟乙烯、有机玻璃、无机玻璃等材料制成。Referring to Fig. 1, the hydrogen production power generation device of the present invention comprises an electrochemical cell and is arranged in the electrochemical cell and divides the electrochemical cell into an anode chamber and a bipolar membrane of a cathode chamber, and an anode and a cathode are respectively arranged in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber , the anode and the cathode are connected to the resistor through a wire, and a voltmeter is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor to measure the voltage at both ends of the resistor. The anode is composed of a catalyst material and an anode substrate that can efficiently electrooxidize the corresponding substrate. The substrate can be used as an anode fuel in the fuel cell technology to realize electrocatalytic oxidation power generation, such as methanol, ethanol, glucose, urea, etc. The above substrates It is placed in the anode chamber; the anode substrate is carbon cloth, graphite, carbon felt, titanium sheet, titanium mesh or nickel mesh, and the catalyst material is platinum carbon, platinum ruthenium carbon, platinum-tungsten oxide or nickel-tin alloy; the above catalyst materials are coated with on the anode base. The cathode adopts a material with a low hydrogen evolution overpotential, such as platinum or nickel alloy; both the anode chamber and the cathode chamber contain an electrolyte solution, and the electrolyte in the anode chamber can be neutral sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, chlorine Potassium chloride, etc., or alkaline sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.; the electrolyte solution in the cathode chamber can be composed of neutral electrolytes such as sulfate or phosphate aqueous solution, or acid electrolytes such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The cathode and anode compartments are separated by a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane can be an anodic bipolar membrane, a cathodic bipolar membrane, or a bipolar membrane. The electrochemical cell can be made of materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, plexiglass, and inorganic glass that are resistant to acid and alkali and corrosion.
本发明的产氢发电过程为：涂覆于阳极基底上的催化剂将阳极室内的底物催化氧化，释放出电子和质子，电子经由导线和电阻组成的外电路传递到阴极，产生电能；而质子则通过电解质传递到阴极，在阴极质子和电子结合，产生氢气。The hydrogen generation power generation process of the present invention is: the catalyst coated on the anode substrate catalyzes the oxidation of the substrate in the anode chamber, releasing electrons and protons, and the electrons are transferred to the cathode through an external circuit composed of wires and resistors to generate electric energy; Then it is delivered to the cathode through the electrolyte, where protons and electrons combine to produce hydrogen.
实施例：用图1所示的示意图构造一电化学池，阳极基底用长方形商业碳布，面积为6cm2，碳布表面上涂敷60％Pt-Ru／C催化剂，Pt的负载量为1mg cm-2；阴极采用长方形铂片，面积为3.4cm2，阳极室内盛有2.5mol／L的甲醇、0.26mol L-1硫酸钠和0.5mol L-1的氢氧化钠混合溶液16mL；阴极室内盛有0.1mol L-1的硫酸，阴极室和阳极室用双极性膜分隔。此电化学池即能对外供电，外接50欧姆的外电阻时，电阻两端电压为0.172V，按阳极面积求算输出电能的功率密度达到了0.693W m-2。阴极收集到的氢气体积随着反应时间的增加而逐渐增加，如图2所示，阴极最大产氢速率可达0.65m3m-3d-1。Embodiment: Construct an electrochemical cell with the schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1, the anode substrate is made of rectangular commercial carbon cloth, the area is 6cm 2 , coated with 60% Pt-Ru/C catalyst on the carbon cloth surface, the loading capacity of Pt is 1mg cm -2 ; the cathode adopts a rectangular platinum sheet with an area of 3.4cm 2 , and the anode chamber contains 16mL of a mixed solution of 2.5mol/L methanol, 0.26mol L -1 sodium sulfate and 0.5mol L -1 sodium hydroxide; Containing 0.1mol L -1 of sulfuric acid, the cathode chamber and the anode chamber are separated by a bipolar membrane. The electrochemical cell can supply power to the outside. When an external resistor of 50 ohms is connected, the voltage across the resistor is 0.172V, and the power density of the output electric energy calculated according to the area of the anode reaches 0.693W m -2 . The volume of hydrogen collected by the cathode gradually increases with the reaction time, as shown in Figure 2, the maximum hydrogen production rate of the cathode can reach 0.65m 3 m -3 d -1 .
综上所述，本发明能够克服现有技术的不足，提供一种简单、环保、节能且转化效率高的产氢发电的装置和方法，在不需要外接直流电的情况下即可产生氢气，应用场合不受限制，因而应用领域宽，可以解决现有技术中的产氢方法应用领域受限的问题。In summary, the present invention can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a simple, environmentally friendly, energy-saving and high conversion efficiency device and method for hydrogen production and power generation, which can generate hydrogen without external direct current. The occasion is not limited, so the application field is wide, and the problem of the limited application field of the hydrogen production method in the prior art can be solved.
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，故不能仅此限定本发明实施的范围，即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰，皆应在本发明涵盖的范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, so the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited, that is, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the description should all be within the scope of the present invention. Inside.
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