Based on velocity limiter and the safety tongs linked system of elevator
Technical field
The invention belongs to special equipment elevator, relate to a kind of safety protection apparatus for elevator, specifically, based on velocity limiter and the safety tongs linked system of elevator.
Background technology
Elevator governor and safety tongs linked system prevent elevator overspeed and disconnected safety guard of restricting, and is one important safety defence line of protection passenger safety.No matter being in the installation supervision and inspection of elevator, or in the annual periodical survey of elevator, is all a quite crucial project to the inspection of velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system.And reach 2 years according to " elevator surveillance inspection and periodical survey rule " elevator governor operating cycles, or velocity limiter action occurs what abnormal, velocity limiter each regulator site envelope note was damaged, should carry out responsiveness verification to velocity limiter.
Car operationally, pulls governor rope by velocity limiter fag end, and velocity limiter is rotated; When cage operation exceeds the speed limit, velocity limiter touches governor rope tensioning electric switch, cuts off elevator safety circuit, elevator is stopped.If do not stop after the action of governor rope tensioning electric switch and continue overspeed, ratchet on velocity limiter can snap in brake wheel, the governor sheave stopping making brake wheel and connect together, by the friction force between governor rope and grooving, makes governor rope not move with car again; Pull safety tongs link gear when car continues descending by governor rope, safety tongs is pressed from both sides in orbit, and car stops.
In prior art, the governor rope of elevator governor safety tongs linked system is employing closed circular, as shown in Figure 1.Mainly two places, installation site of elevator governor: one, for there being machine room elevator, velocity limiter is arranged in the elevator(lift) machine room of roof; Its two, for machine-roomless lift, velocity limiter is arranged on the top of elevator hoistways, and two kinds of mounting meanss all need to install governor rope tension sheave at the corresponding shaft bottom of this elevator, and main existing defects is as follows:
Manufacture view
Governor rope pattern of wants ring-type circulation of the prior art, its total length is equivalent to the twice of elevator hoistways bottom-to-top-height, especially for high-rise or high-rise building, substantially increases the manufacturing cost of elevator.
Installation aspect
According to " elevator surveillance inspection and periodical survey rule " movable parts keeped in repair and to check and there is one piece of horizontal clearance area being not less than 0.5m × 0.6m in the place of artificial emergency operation, its free height is not less than 2m, it can thus be appreciated that, velocity limiter is installed in machine room, take machine room space; If velocity limiter to be arranged on the top of elevator, installation personnel is difficult to directly touch, and installs extremely inconvenient.
Inspection aspect
When elevator governor needs to verify, first will take off governor rope, even if for there being machine room elevator, it is also more difficult that velocity limiter will take off governor rope in elevator(lift) machine room; Say nothing of machine-roomless lift, velocity limiter is arranged on elevator hoistways inner top, and the governor rope taken off on velocity limiter is just more difficult.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defect, the velocity limiter providing a kind of structure simple, reasonable in design, with low cost, convenient for installation and maintenance and safety tongs linked system.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Based on velocity limiter and the safety tongs linked system of elevator, comprise the velocity limiter being arranged on elevator compartment top, on velocity limiter and upper end be fixedly connected with elevator top, lower end and the governor rope be fixedly connected with bottom elevator, governor rope is led and finely tunes and the guiding regulating mechanism whether be tensioned for moment detection governor rope, the lift reel coaxially arranged with velocity limiter, the interlinked mechanism that velocity limiter drives lift reel to rotate together by it, lift steel cable on lift reel, and to be positioned at bottom lift car and to be driven the safety tongs of its action by lift steel cable by push and pull system.
The mode that velocity limiter is arranged on elevator car top has multiple, by the realization such as fixed mount, permanent seat; Lift reel also can be replaced by the part that can realize said function, as: cylinder, rolling wheel etc.; Tensioning guiding regulating mechanism mainly coordinates velocity limiter to use, play the guiding role on the one hand, the opposing party plays tension to governor rope, detect governor rope by the governor rope tensioning electric switch moment of setting whether to be tensioned again on the one hand, to ensure that governor rope and velocity limiter have enough friction force, velocity limiter is made to realize synchronous axial system when elevator runs; To exceed the speed limit descending process at lift car, interlinked mechanism action, realizes being synchronized with the movement of velocity limiter and lift reel; Push and pull system is the existing mature technology be applied in velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system.
Specifically, described interlinked mechanism comprises the ratchet be arranged on velocity limiter end face, between velocity limiter with lift reel coaxial with the two arrange and with lift the ratchet that is fixedly connected with of reel.Ratchet on velocity limiter mates with ratchet, and when lift car hypervelocity is descending, namely ratchet is stuck in ratchet, and velocity limiter then drives lift reel to play rotation with one by the cooperation of the two.
Further, described guiding regulating mechanism by with velocity limiter be vertically reference symmetry arrange tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel form; Wherein, tensioning guide wheel is positioned at velocity limiter upper end, stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end, and governor rope is around on the left of velocity limiter and the right side of tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel.
In order to velocity limiter school procuratorial organ just; described guiding regulating mechanism also comprises and to be connected adjusting connector for regulating tensioning guide wheel tensioning governor rope state with tensioning guide wheel by rigid connector, and is arranged on governor rope tensioning electric switch elevator safety protective circuit being in normally off.Adjusting connector is connected with tensioning guide wheel by rigid connector, and it to be applied to power on governor rope, the governor rope carrying out tensioning more easily with this or throw off on velocity limiter by regulating the horizontal position of this rigid connector to change it to tensioning guide wheel.As: regulating spring, regulate lock, the two practical function or the object reached basically identical.
Governor rope is when being tensioned state, and the governor rope tensioning electric switch be arranged in elevator safety protective circuit is in normally off, and now elevator safety loop is in on-state, and elevator can normally run.If governor rope ruptures, then the non-tensioning of velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel moves right, and corresponding element moves, and namely can touch governor rope tensioning electric switch and disconnect, and the safety protection loop of elevator disconnects, and elevator is out of service.
Further, described guiding regulating mechanism also comprises the adjustment support in " U " type, and described adjusting connector and governor rope tensioning electric switch are all arranged on and regulate in support.The benefit of this design is: velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel three are fixed on same device, the bearing of three is identical, according to physical knowledge, what this device bore is internal force, and governor rope can be avoided to apply side force to lift car.
Further, the governor rope head group that the connection fag end place that described governor rope upper end is connected with elevator hoistways top is also provided with the overall degree of tension of adjustable governor rope is closed.The conjunction of governor rope head group is the main stretching device of governor rope, velocity limiter tensioning guiding mechanism is coordinated to use, under ensureing the prerequisite that is tensioned completely at governor rope, walk around tensioning guide wheel and be positioned at the governor rope of velocity limiter upper end and walk around the governor rope that stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end and be on same vertical straight line.Governor rope can be avoided like this to apply overturning couple to lift car.Governor rope head group is combined into existing proven technique, therefore does not repeat.
In one embodiment, the present invention also comprises installation housing, and described velocity limiter, lift reel are all arranged on to be installed in housing, meanwhile, offers the hole passed for lift steel cable and governor rope in the bottom of this installation housing.The two ends of installing housing have the hole of installing rotating shaft, the rotating shaft of lift reel is arranged in this hole respectively, simultaneously, this rotating shaft, through the middle through-hole of velocity limiter, under elevator normal operating condition, is rotated by the frictional force drives speed device between governor rope and velocity limiter, lift reel keeps static, when elevator overspeed is descending, ratchet is stuck in ratchet, and velocity limiter drives lift reel to rotate together.
On the basis of said structure, described installation housing is arranged on the sedan-chair top of lift car by fixed mount, and described adjustment support and fixed mount are fastenedly connected and keep geo-stationary.There is no particular restriction for the Material selec-tion of installation housing and fixed mount, and it can select current conventional material on the market, according to actual condition, also can select the good material of quality.
Principle of design of the present invention: sedan-chair top velocity limiter being arranged on lift car, meanwhile, is replaced by a lift reel be connected with velocity limiter by the governor rope of routine lift safety tongs and lifts safety tongs; Change the design of governor rope closed annular, be equipped with the velocity limiter on elevator car top by a vertical governor rope in elevator hoistways, the rotation realizing velocity limiter runs synchronous with elevator; Achieve identical object with the mechanism more simplified, more reasonably topology layout, in all directions from manufacture, installation, maintenance, inspection four aspects the linked system of speed limiter for car of elevator and safety tongs is optimized, is upgraded.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention not only structure simplify, reasonable in design, and with low cost, realize convenient.
(2) the present invention adopts a vertical governor rope to instead of the closed annular structure of existing governor rope, meanwhile, governor rope is directly connected with elevator hoistways top and bottom, eliminates at the complicated clamping system of elevator pit, clamping system is directly designed on elevator car top, on the one hand, achieve identical object, ensure that the tensioning of governor rope, on the other hand, save manufacturing cost, more on the one hand, be more convenient for safeguarding, checking.
(3) velocity limiter is arranged on the sedan-chair top of lift car by the present invention, be reserved with the space for staff's emergency operation, have for machine room elevator relative to what velocity limiter is arranged on machine room, save the space of machine room, particularly for velocity limiter being arranged on the machine-roomless lift at elevator hoistways top, solve the defect of velocity limiter installation, maintenance, inspection inconvenience.
(4) when velocity limiter is checked, advantage of the present invention is embodied in emphatically the machine-roomless lift that velocity limiter is arranged on hoistway inner top, the present invention only need regulate tensioning guide wheel to be applied to power on governor rope by adjusting connector, tensioning guide wheel can be unclamped, easy disengagement governor rope, carries out velocity limiter verification; Special in machine-roomless lift, elevator can be reached the position of more convenient operation by inspection staff, upper elevator car top completes velocity limiter verifying work, is very easy to the verification to velocity limiter; And the parts such as velocity limiter, governor rope tensioning electric switch, governor rope tightening device, governor rope tensioning electric switch all compare concentrated setting on sedan-chair top, the maintenance for velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system is also more convenient.
(5) in the present invention, velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel three are fixed on same device, the bearing of three is identical, according to physical knowledge, its power of bearing is internal force, the advantage of this design is, efficiently avoid governor rope and side force is applied to lift car, thus ensure the driving safety of lift car.
(6) in the present invention, governor rope head group closes the use of cooperation velocity limiter tensioning guiding mechanism, both can meet when regulating governor rope tensile force and have larger setting range, under ensureing again the prerequisite be tensioned completely at governor rope; Walk around tensioning guide wheel be positioned at the governor rope of velocity limiter upper end and walk around the governor rope that stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end and be on same vertical straight line, governor rope can be avoided like this to apply overturning couple to lift car.
(7) the present invention compared with prior art, not only possesses novelty and creativeness, and its material is common material, cheap, possesses very high practicality and the market competitiveness, for it is applied on a large scale, established solid foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art.
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram at velocity limiter and lift reel position in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the lateral plan of Fig. 3.
Wherein, the title corresponding to Reference numeral: 1-governor rope head group is closed, 2-tensioning guide wheel, 3-velocity limiter, 4-lifts reel, and 5-lifts steel cable, 6-stator wheel, 7-velocity limiter electric switch, 8-governor rope, 9-safety tongs, 10-adjusting connector, 11-installs housing, 12-fixed mount, 13-push and pull system, 14-ratchet, 15-ratchet, 16-governor rope tensioning electric switch, 17-regulates support.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.Embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to the following example.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 2 to 4, present embodiments provide a kind of velocity limiter based on elevator and safety tongs linked system, this linked system is based upon velocity limiter and is arranged on the basis on elevator compartment top, in conjunction with the governor rope of one way, simplify the velocity limiter of existing elevator and the complicated structure of safety tongs linked system, improve the advantage of the present invention in manufacturing cost, installation, inspection and maintenance etc.
Specifically, the velocity limiter that provides of the present embodiment and safety tongs linked system mainly comprise velocity limiter 3, safety tongs 9, governor rope 8, the regulating mechanism that leads, lift reel 4 and lift the parts such as steel cable 5 and form.Wherein, velocity limiter is coaxially arranged with lift reel, can realize velocity limiter drive the object lifting reel and rotate together thereupon by interlinked mechanism.Interlinked mechanism by the ratchet 14 be arranged on velocity limiter 3 end face, and between velocity limiter with lift reel coaxial with the two arrange and with lift the ratchet 15 that is fixedly connected with of reel and form.Velocity limiter and lift reel are arranged on the sedan-chair top of lift car, its set-up mode is as follows: velocity limiter and lift reel are all arranged on to be installed in housing 11, the two ends of installing housing have the hole of installing rotating shaft, the rotating shaft of lift reel is arranged in this hole respectively, simultaneously, this rotating shaft, through the middle through-hole of velocity limiter, offers the hole passed for lift steel cable and governor rope in the bottom of this installation housing; Velocity limiter, lift reel and installation housing are integrally arranged on the sedan-chair top of lift car by fixed mount 12.
Governor rope in the present embodiment is one way rope, and its upper end is fixedly connected with elevator top, lower end is fixedly connected with bottom elevator.The governor rope head group that the connection fag end place be connected with elevator top at its upper end is also provided with the overall degree of tension of adjustable governor rope closes 1, and governor rope head group is combined into prior art, as preferably, and this governor rope head combined optional regulating spring.Governor rope walks around velocity limiter, and under enough tensile forces, velocity limiter rotates under the friction force effect of governor rope and velocity limiter race, and the elevator speed of the velocity limiter race pitch circle speed be driven is consistent.
In order to make those skilled in the art, being designed with in the present invention is familiar with more clearly, first the method for existing speed limiter for car of elevator and safety tongs linkage test is introduced below: the electric safety device of short circuit velocity limiter and safety tongs, car is descending with inspection speed, artificial action speed limiter, observes car stop situation.The method is for having for machine room elevator, and action speed limiter is fairly simple, can at elevator(lift) machine room direct control.For machine room, major part is all adopt mechanical type or electromagnetic type structure, is carried out action by the bracing wire in control housing or button, is recovered velocity limiter.And the problem that said method runs into usually is: speed limiter for car of elevator and safety tongs linkage test possibly action to governor rope tensioning electric switch, in existing elevator governor and safety tongs linked system, governor rope tensioning electric switch is in elevator pit.If high-storey, operating personal carrys out fallback at elevator(lift) machine room and elevator pit and seems very inconvenient.For machine-roomless lift, the bracing wire in control housing or button are usually inoperative, cannot action or cannot recover velocity limiter, and governor rope tensioning electric switch, and the top of velocity limiter again in elevator hoistways of machine-roomless lift, operation is inconvenience extremely.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the parts such as velocity limiter 3, velocity limiter electric switch 7, governor rope tensioning electric switch 16 all compare concentrated setting on sedan-chair top, so that operation.When elevator overspeed is descending, first can touch governor rope tensioning electric switch, cut off vital circuit, elevator is stopped, when elevator does not stop and continuing descending, just touches velocity limiter of the present invention and safety tongs linked system.
In prior art, when elevator governor needs to verify, first governor rope will be taken off.It is quite difficult that conventional elevator governor and safety tongs linked system will take off governor rope, and particularly machine-roomless lift, is arranged on elevator hoistways inner top by velocity limiter, the more difficult governor rope taken off on velocity limiter.For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the present embodiment arranges guiding regulating mechanism on the sedan-chair top of lift car, and its Main Function is that the degree of tension of adjustment governor rope to velocity limiter regulates and lead in the direction of velocity limiter up-downgoing.
Specifically, lead regulating mechanism comprise with velocity limiter be vertically reference symmetry arrange tensioning guide wheel 2 and stator wheel 6; Wherein, tensioning guide wheel is positioned at velocity limiter upper end, stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end, and governor rope is around on the left of velocity limiter and the right side of tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel; Tensioning guide wheel 2 is also connected with by rigid connector and regulates the adjusting connector 10 of its tensioning governor rope state, and as preferably, adjusting connector is preferably regulating spring; When governor rope taken off by needs, only tensioning guide wheel need be regulated to be applied to power on governor rope by adjusting connector, tensioning guide wheel can be unclamped, easy disengagement governor rope, carry out velocity limiter verification.
Further, the regulating mechanism that leads also comprises the governor rope tensioning electric switch 16 being arranged on and elevator safety protective circuit being in normally off.Governor rope is when being tensioned state, and the governor rope tensioning electric switch 16 be arranged in elevator safety protective circuit is in normally off, and now elevator safety loop is in on-state, and elevator can normally run.If governor rope ruptures, then the non-tensioning of velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel moves right, and corresponding element moves, and namely can touch governor rope tensioning electric switch and disconnect, and the safety protection loop of elevator disconnects, and elevator is out of service.
In the present embodiment, the lift steel cable 5 of lift safety tongs, first around on lift reel, is connected with push and pull system 13 after its lower end passes from the hole mounting casing, and drives safety tongs 9 action by push and pull system.Wherein, push and pull system, safety tongs are existing mature technology, and therefore, therefore not to repeat here.
Working process of the present invention is as follows: first, and velocity limiter rotates, lift reel and ratchet motionless, when lift car hypervelocity is descending, touches governor rope tensioning electric switch, cut off elevator safety circuit, elevator is stopped.If do not stop after the action of governor rope tensioning electric switch and continue overspeed, ratchet on velocity limiter can snap in ratchet, after ratchet coordinates with ratchet, velocity limiter drives and drives lift reel to rotate together by ratchet thereupon, and velocity limiter and lift reel are clock-wise fashion, now, lift reel upward movement is then followed around the lift steel cable on lift reel, lift steel cable is upwards lifting safety tongs by interlocking system, and safety tongs is pressed from both sides in orbit, and lift car stops.
It is the descending linked system of speed limiter for car of elevator safety tongs that the present invention is not only suitable for, can also according to actual conditions, change installation site and suitable adjustment develop into the up linked system of speed limiter for car of elevator safety tongs and Elevator weight sensor velocity limiter safety tongs linked system.
According to above-described embodiment, just the present invention can be realized well.What deserves to be explained is; under prerequisite based on above-mentioned principle of design; for solving same technical matters; even if some making on architecture basics disclosed in this invention are without substantial change or polishing; the essence of the technical scheme adopted is still the same with the present invention, therefore it also should in protection scope of the present invention.