The seed germination method of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building plant
Affiliated field:
The invention belongs to biological technical field, particularly, relate to the quick germination method of two kinds of paris plant Yunnan Paris polyphylla (P.yunnanensis) and gross weight building (P.mairei).
Background technology:
Paris polyphylla is the general designation of Trilliaceae (Trilliaceae) Paris (Paris) plant.The paris plant whole world has 24 kinds, is abroad mainly distributed in the torrid zone and the cool temperate zone area of Continental Europe, and China has 19 kinds to be mainly distributed in the ground such as cloud, expensive, river.As famous and precious medicinal plant, the steroidal compounds containing in its rhizome, has the effects such as hemostasis, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, is one of primary raw material of the famous Chinese patent drug such as " Yunnan Baiyao ", " palace blood is peaceful ".Yunnan Province's climatic resources is abundant, has the various climate types such as the torrid zone, subtropics, temperate zone, frigid zone; With a varied topography, there are river valley, basin, hills, mountain region, plateau etc.Various landform are interspersed, and soil types complexity, for plant provides the multifarious ecological condition of growth, evolution, is one of main distribution ground of China Paris polyphylla resource.Paris plant is widely distributed in Yunnan, and all there is distribution on the ground such as Kunming, Zhaotong, Qujing, mountain of papers, Red River, Dali, Lijing, the Baoshan, Nujiang.From 700m-3000m not etc., the ground average temperature of the whole year 15 degree left and right that distribute, annual precipitation 650mm-1600mm not etc., does not reach as high as 2000mm(Nujiang Area to distribution height above sea level).Paris plant seed germination resting stage is long, breaking dormancy difficulty, germination rate is low, general planting method is gathered and is often needed 7 years left and right time from sowing to medicinal material, the method of the seed germination of prior art report often needs more than 4 months, greatly the restriction of degree the development utilization of Paris polyphylla resource, also make field steal the main channel scraping out in order to obtain this resource.In recent years due to Paris polyphylla resources requirement is gone up gradually, wild Paris polyphylla lacks protection, suffers that predation formula excavates, and some ground that distribute have been difficult to see the wild community of Paris polyphylla.By this technology, can realize the fast-germination of Paris polyphylla seed, greatly shorten its self-sow cycle; reduce cultivation cost; protect wild resource, prevented exhaustive exploitation, for its sustainable use and development provides material base, scientific basis and technical support.
Summary of the invention:
Object of the present invention aims to provide the technology of a kind of convenient and swift Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building fast-germination.
The object of the invention is to be achieved by following technical scheme:
Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building germination method, select the disease-free nothing of gathering the then Paris polyphylla seed that goes mouldy, and removes arillus, soaks sowing, constant temperature culture.
As described in method, select the thick river sand seed dressing after cleaning, rub to the red arillus of outer covering of the seed and peel off.
As described in method, the seed isothermal vibration of removing after arillus is soaked in 20 ℃ of water, soak time is no more than 24 hours, every two hours changes water once.
As described in method, sowing is to select to fill the plastic crate of sowing media, the matrix of 5cm is spread at the basket end, after Paris polyphylla seed after soaking is mixed thoroughly with matrix, evenly be sprinkled upon in sowing basket, cover one deck above and be no more than the matrix of 1cm, guarantee that seed is not exposed in air; Sowing basket is put into the tank that is filled with water, make moisture inverse osmosis until infiltrate whole basket sowing media, rear taking-up sowing basket control water, till not having large quantity of moisture to ooze out.
As described in method, the sowing basket by control after water is put into the indoor cultivation of constant temperature culture, 20 ± 1 ℃ of temperature; The sowing media moisturizing of should regularly watering, humidity is controlled at 30%-40%, and after 50-60 days, germination rate can reach more than 70%.
As described in method, choose cultivation matrix sowing, described cultivation matrix is that volume ratio is peat composed of rotten mosses soil: rotten system is grown soil: perlite=1:1:1.
As as described in method, select the disease-free Paris polyphylla seed of gathering then, remove after arillus through thick river sand, 20 ℃ of isothermal vibrations soak and are no more than 24 hours, every two hours change water once, after Paris polyphylla seed after soaking is mixed thoroughly with matrix, at the bottom of being evenly sprinkled upon basket, be covered with 5cm, volume ratio is peat composed of rotten mosses soil: in the sowing media of humus soil: perlite=1:1:1, cover the matrix that one deck is no more than 1cm above, guarantee that seed is not exposed in air, sowing basket is put into the tank that is filled with water, make moisture inverse osmosis until infiltrate whole basket sowing media, rear taking-up sowing basket control water, sowing basket after control water is put into the indoor cultivation of constant temperature culture, 20 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, the sowing media moisturizing of regularly watering, humidity is controlled at 30%-40%, and after 50-60 days, germination rate reaches 70%.
Method of the present invention can more specifically be summarized as follows: choose the disease-free seed of wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building of gathering then, thick river sand seed dressing after cleaning, rub to the red arillus of outer covering of the seed and peel off and (remove after arillus, Yunnan Paris polyphylla thousand grain weigth is 27.22g, and gross weight building thousand grain weigth is 32.8g).By the Yunnan Paris polyphylla and the each 200g of gross weight building seed that remove after arillus, divide into groups according to mono-group of 50g, except 50g contrast, all isothermal vibration is soaked in 20 ℃ of water, and soak time is respectively 12h, 18h, 24h, and every 2h changes water once.Selection fills peat composed of rotten mosses soil: humus soil: the mixed-matrix of perlite=1:1:1 sowing basket (the wide * of long * high=60cm*40cm*10cm) is sowed, bottom matrix laying depth is 5cm, seed after soaking is mixed thoroughly with sowing media, evenly be sprinkled upon in sowing basket, cover the matrix that one deck is no more than 1cm above, guarantee that seed is not exposed in air; Sowing basket is put into the tank that is filled with water, make moisture inverse osmosis until infiltrate whole basket sowing media, rear taking-up sowing basket control water, till not having large quantity of moisture to ooze out.Sowing basket after control water is put into the indoor cultivation of constant temperature culture, 20 ± 1 ℃ of temperature; The sowing media moisturizing of should regularly watering, humidity is controlled at 30%-40%, observes sprouting result after 50-60 days.
So far, relate to paris plant Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building fast-germination technology in prior art, its sprout time is all longer than achievement of the present invention, and the present invention is all better than prior art on sprout time and germination rate Bearing performance.
Embodiment:
Further illustrate essentiality content of the present invention with embodiments of the invention below, but do not limit the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1:
One, materials and methods:
Test in December, 2012-2013 and carry out in Lijiang County In Yunnan Province city Pei Feng gardening company base year December, choose wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed and sow experiment.Choose humus soil as sowing media, after red arillus outside coarse sand is rubbed removal Paris polyphylla seed, sowing, to the large Tanaka who improves after matrix, is above covered shade net and is shaded.Under field conditions (factors), through one-year age, observe Paris polyphylla seed germination situation.
Two, results and analysis:
Under 12 months natural conditions, wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla germination rate is only 30% left and right, and mainly due to planted in fall, most of seed enters dormancy very soon.Therefore without fast-germination processing,, there is certain restriction to Yunnan Paris polyphylla seed germination rate in sowing under field conditions (factors).Traditional cultivation method can not effectively improve the utilization and exploitation efficiency of wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla resource.
Embodiment 2:
One, materials and methods:
Tested in the 10-12 month in 2012 and carry out in Lijiang County In Yunnan Province city Pei Feng gardening company base, choose the healthy disease-free seed of wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building of gathering then, thick river sand seed dressing after cleaning, rub to the red arillus of outer covering of the seed and peel off and (remove after arillus, Yunnan Paris polyphylla thousand grain weigth is 27.22g, and gross weight building thousand grain weigth is 32.8g).By the Yunnan Paris polyphylla and the each 200g of gross weight building seed that remove after arillus, divide into groups according to mono-group of 50g, except 50g contrast, all isothermal vibration is soaked in 20 ℃ of water, and soak time is respectively 12h, 18h, 24h, and every 6h changes water once.Selection fills peat composed of rotten mosses soil: rotten system is grown the mixed-matrix sowing basket (the wide * of long * high=60cm*40cm*10cm) of soil: perlite=1:1:1 and sowed, bottom matrix laying depth is 5cm, seed after soaking is mixed thoroughly with sowing media, evenly be sprinkled upon in sowing basket, upper covering one deck is no more than the matrix of 1cm, guarantees that seed is not exposed in air; Sowing basket is put into the tank that is filled with water, make moisture inverse osmosis until infiltrate whole basket sowing media, rear taking-up sowing basket control water, till not having large quantity of moisture to ooze out.Sowing basket after control water is placed in to normal temperature laboratory and cultivates, room temperature remains between 10-20 ℃; The sowing media moisturizing of regularly watering, humidity is controlled at 30%-40%, observes and sprout result after 90 days.
Two, results and analysis:
The germination rate comparison (incubated at room temperature 10-20 ℃) under different soak times of the different Paris polyphylla seeds of table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, different soak times have certain influence for Paris polyphylla seed germination, and soak time is too short can not make the effective stripping of inclusion, and long soaking time may cause seed anoxic and death.Under similarity condition, the germination rate of Yunnan Paris polyphylla will be higher than gross weight building.
Under artificial condition, because indoor cultivation temperature is not strictly controlled, part seed is still in resting state, and the seed germination cycle is longer, and germination rate is fall flat also.But the present embodiment has illustrated soak time and has had certain influence for Paris polyphylla seed germination.
Embodiment 3:
One, materials and methods:
Tested in the 10-12 month in 2013 and carry out in proving ground, Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences of Lijiang County In Yunnan Province city Lijing alpine garden, choose the disease-free seed of wild Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building of gathering then, thick river sand seed dressing after cleaning, rub to the red arillus of outer covering of the seed and peel off and (remove after arillus, Yunnan Paris polyphylla thousand grain weigth is 27.22g, and gross weight building thousand grain weigth is 32.8g).By the Yunnan Paris polyphylla and the each 200g of gross weight building seed that remove after arillus, divide into groups according to mono-group of 50g, except 50g contrast, all isothermal vibration is soaked in 20 ℃ of water, and soak time is respectively 12h, 18h, 24h, and every 2h changes water once.Selection fills peat composed of rotten mosses soil: rotten system is grown the mixed-matrix sowing basket (the wide * of long * high=60cm*40cm*10cm) of soil: perlite=1:1:1 and sowed, bottom matrix laying depth is 5cm, seed after soaking is mixed thoroughly with sowing media, evenly be sprinkled upon in sowing basket, cover the matrix that one deck is no more than 1cm above, guarantee that seed is not exposed in air; Sowing basket is put into the tank that is filled with water, make moisture inverse osmosis until infiltrate whole basket sowing media, rear taking-up sowing basket control water, till not having large quantity of moisture to ooze out.Sowing basket after control water is put into the indoor cultivation of constant temperature culture, 20 ± 1 ℃ of temperature; The sowing media moisturizing of should regularly watering, humidity is controlled at 30%-40%, observes sprouting result after 50-60 days.
Two, results and analysis:
Paris polyphylla seed germination rate comparison (20 ± 1 ℃ of constant temperature culture) after soaking under the different incubation times of table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate of constant temperature culture will substantially exceed incubated at room temperature, and its sprouting cycle also shortens greatly, and within 50 days, observed result can reach 70% left and right, and after 60 days, germination rate is higher.Temperature condition has played vital effect breaking in Paris polyphylla seed dormancy, in conjunction with the embodiments two and embodiment tri-known, in seed immersion process, change in time water and can accelerate effective stripping that seed itself suppresses to sprout chemical substance, seed germination is played to certain effect.To sowing media, moisturizing is necessary in the training period because Yunnan Wild Paris polyphylla seed germination generally rainy season arrive after, damp condition is a key factor of its sprouting, for the good sowing media of gas permeability, controlled humidity is advisable at 30-40%.
Excellent effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:
1, the analysis of system the result of the test of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and gross weight building seed germination under different condition, screened the optimum sprouting condition of suitable this technology, and explained the preferred reason of this condition.
2, for the present situation that is not easy to break after two kinds of paris plant seed dormancies, analyze and point out to select the seed of gathering then, utilize coarse sand to remove arillus, soak leaching retention chemical substance and constant temperature and determine the matching method of wet process, having solved Paris polyphylla seed, to enter resting stage very fast, resting stage is long, the critical problem that should not sprout.
Although 3, prior art can solve Paris polyphylla seed germination problem from different perspectives; but the cycle of relatively sprouting is longer; germination rate is not high; the average sprouting cycle is all higher than 90d; the technology of the present invention can effectively shorten the Paris polyphylla seed germination time on prior art basis; 50d can reach 70% above germination rate, for produce and resource extent utilization greatly reduced time cost, improved efficiency.
4, the realization of Paris polyphylla seed quick-speed germination technology; to the expanding propagation of these wild genunie medicinal materials; vital effect has been played in the reduction of reproductive-cost; protect wild resource simultaneously; prevent exhaustive exploitation, for this wild resource sustainable use and development provides material base, scientific basis and technical support.