CN103800073A - Novel multifunctional medical diagnosis and measurement instrument for general practitioner - Google Patents
Novel multifunctional medical diagnosis and measurement instrument for general practitioner Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型的全科医生用多功能诊断与测量仪，它的组成：包括被测量诊断的人0，各种组合式传感器1，信号调理电路2，多路模拟开关3，蓝牙通信(USB接口)4，数据采集卡5，设备驱动6，面板程序7，应用程序8，虚拟仪器开发平台9，便携式PC10，其中组合传感器根据测量的生物医学信号性质进行分类，传感器采集信号由蓝牙通信(或USB接口)传输。仪器结构为PCMCIA总线与便携式PC结合，且PC机内可自动生成电子病历与处方，同时录入病人的健康档案，全科医生专家辅助医疗系统可帮助其进行快速、准确地诊断。本发明结构简单、实用，便于携带，适合全科医生的职业特点要求。
The invention discloses a new type of multifunctional diagnostic and measuring instrument for general practitioners, which consists of: a person to be measured and diagnosed 0, various combined sensors 1, a signal conditioning circuit 2, a multi-channel analog switch 3, bluetooth Communication (USB interface) 4, data acquisition card 5, device driver 6, panel program 7, application program 8, virtual instrument development platform 9, portable PC 10, wherein the combined sensor is classified according to the nature of the biomedical signal measured, and the signal collected by the sensor is Bluetooth communication (or USB interface) transmission. The structure of the instrument is the combination of PCMCIA bus and portable PC, and the PC can automatically generate electronic medical records and prescriptions, and at the same time enter the patient's health records. The invention is simple in structure, practical, easy to carry, and is suitable for the occupational characteristic requirements of general practitioners.
Description
Technical field
General practitioner is generally a many-side people with outpatient service formal layout commonly encountered diseases, frequently-occurring disease and general emergency case; Another feature of community general practitioner work is to make house calls, and general practitioner is often visited and processed the patient of family with the form of visit to the parents of schoolchildren or young workers, sets up hospital bed set up at a patient's home separately and medical archive separately according to patient's different situation separately.
Background field
State Council points out about setting up in the instruction (No. (2011) 23, promulgated by the State Council) of general practitioner system: " set up general practitioner system and be ensure and improve urban and rural residents' health in the urgent need to.China is a developing country that has population more than 1,300,000,000, and along with the raising of economic development and living standards of the people, urban and rural residents are more and more higher to the requirement of improving health conditions; Meanwhile, the unhealthful factor that industrialization, urbanization and variation of ecology and environment are brought is more and more, and aged tendency of population and change of disease spectrum also propose new demand to medical and health services.General practitioner is the medical person that degree of integration is higher, mainly basic unit bear prevention and health care, the diagnosis and treatment of commonly encountered diseases frequently-occurring disease and change the place of examination, patients ' recovery and the integrated service such as chronic disease management, health control, be called as " porter " of residents ' health.Set up general practitioner system, the effect of the general practitioner of bringing into play, is conducive to fully implement the policy of putting prevention first, and makes the health care health of serving the people better ".
Therefore along with China's general practitioner system is generally set up, general practitioner must have the medical treatment and the diagnostic instruments that are applicable to own job demand.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of novel general practitioner multifunction medical diagnosis and measuring instrument.Object of the present invention is in view of job specification, feature and the needs of general practitioner, overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies that existing general curative diagnosis and gauge are applied in general medical practice aspect, fully apply the new technique of biomedical sensor in recent years, microelectronics new technique and virtual instrument technique, simultaneously in conjunction with small-signal processing, general three-dimensional image processing algorithm and medical assistance specialist system.The present invention is the implementation for China's general practitioner system, and necessary basic medical utensil is provided.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of novel general practitioner multifunction medical diagnosis and measuring instrument.Composition of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprise the people 0 of measured diagnosis, various combined sensors 1, signal conditioning circuit 2, multiway analog switch 3, Bluetooth communication (USB) 4, data collecting card 5, device drives 6, panel program 7, application program 8, virtual instrument development platform 9, portable PC 10.(PC can generate electronic health record and prescription 11, the patient's of typing simultaneously health account 12, general practitioner expert medical assistance system 13 automatically.)
Further improvement of the present invention is:
1. the design of combined sensor 1 of the present invention, its ingredient as shown in Figure 2.The theory of this design, is to combine with biomedicine signals type according to biomedical sensor type, realizes the signal conditioning circuit of each sensor with fpga chip programming simultaneously.Specific as follows:
1) bioelectric measurement combination sensor, completes cardiovascular system, nerve and electromyographic signal collection, comprising: electrocardiosignal, and EEG signals, electromyographic signal, also has retina, eye and the nystagmus signal of telecommunication, electro-gastric signals etc.
2) acoustical signal is measured combination sensor, completes the signals collecting of physiological sound, comprising: cardiechema signals, otoacoustic emission signal, joint tone signal, muscle signals, joint tone signal, lungs sound and respiratory murmur signal etc.
3) pressure signal is measured combination sensor, completes the collection of blood pressure signal, comprising: the indirect measuring-signal of blood pressure, dynamic non-invasive blood pressure measuring-signal etc.
4) impedance signal is measured combination sensor, completes the signals collecting of measuring body composition, comprising: whole body impedance measurement signal, segment impedance measuring-signal.
5) picture signal gathers combination sensor, the optical pickocff mainly comprising: fluorescent optical sensor, impedance imaging sensor, ultra sonic imaging sensor.Be mainly used in the picture signal collections such as auditory meatus, throat, nasal cavity, eyes, skin, tongue fur, liver, kidney.
2. one-dimensional signal biomedical sensor being gathered and picture signal are through signal conditioning circuit, and multiway analog switch is linked by the system based on virtual instrument structure of Bluetooth communication (USB interface) pcmcia bus.
3. portable PC built-in electronic case history and patient health archives, exploitation simultaneously has the auxiliary expert system of general practitioner outpatient service feature.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. the present invention is on the hardware platform take universal portable computer as core, can, by the own Definition of design of general practitioner, have virtual guidance panel, a kind of computer diagnosis instrument system that diagnostic function is realized by diagnostic software.General practitioner combined reconfiguration medical diagnosis apparatus, is meeting under the prerequisite of general practitioner use, and volume is little, lightweight, is easy to carry.
2. the present invention adopts virtual instrument based on the pcmcia bus agent structure as instrument, and pcmcia bus system cost is low, and the speed of service is fast, volume compact.The present invention can form complicated distributed fault diagnostic system by information autobahn simultaneously, carries out remote diagnosis.Replace the existing diagnostic apparatus of hardware architecture herein for the virtual instrument based on software architecture, can also reduce purchase and the maintenance cost of diagnostic apparatus.
3. there is a not high enough deficiency of degree of accuracy because of portable instrument hardware handles, but the present invention utilizes software to make up this deficiency, for example physiology small-signal processing, 3-D view are processed etc., so just can reduce many with drifting about, the discrete analog hardware that needs calibration, improves precision, speed, the repeatability of diagnostic apparatus greatly.
4. agent structure of the present invention is virtual instrument system, and it has merged the powerful hardware resource of computer, has broken through the restriction of existing diagnostic apparatus at aspects such as date processing, demonstration, storages, has greatly strengthened the function of diagnostor.Diagnostic apparatus is concentrated signal analysis, demonstration, storage, printing and other management to pay by computer processing, takes full advantage of the powerful date processing of computer, transmission and issue capability, makes diagnostic apparatus become more flexible, simple.
5. agent structure of the present invention is virtual instrument system, and general practitioner can be revised function and the panel of instrument in use easily and flexibly, and communication, timing and the Trigger Function of diagnostic apparatus is set.
6. use the general practitioner of diagnostic apparatus according to the own demand constantly changing, freely to bring into play the imaginative power of oneself, conveniently set up diagnostic system and expansion and upgrading at any time.Because virtual instrument hardware and software has all been formulated open industrial standard, therefore, general practitioner can using and managing unified on virtual instrument standard diagnostic apparatus.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is multifunction medical diagnosis and measuring instrument composition diagram for a kind of novel general practitioner
Fig. 2 multiple combination biomedical sensor, signal conditioning circuit, the integrated figure of multichannel input analog switch
Fig. 3 general practitioner expert medical assistance system construction drawing
Fig. 4 general practitioner Multifunction diagnosing and measuring instrument schematic diagram
Wherein: the people 0 who is diagnosed; Multiple combination biomedical sensor (bioelectric measurement combination sensor; Acoustical signal is measured combination sensor; Pressure signal is measured combination sensor; Impedance signal is measured combination sensor; Picture signal gathers combination sensor) 1; Signal conditioning circuit (FPGA realizes signal conditioning circuit) 2; Multichannel input analog switch 3; Bluetooth communication (Bluetooth communication usb interface module) 4; Data collecting card 5; Device drives 6; Panel program 7; Application program 8; Virtual instrument development platform 9; Portable PC10; Electronic health record 11; Health account 12; General practitioner expert medical assistance system 13; Power supply 14; Man-machine interface 15; Inference machine module 16; Explanation module 17; Knowledge acquisition module 18; Medical information integrated database 19; Medical expert knowledge storehouse 20; Therapeutic instrument (PXI module) 21; PCMCIA 22
Concrete implementing measure
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the open food safety detecting system that the present invention is based on cell phone platform is elaborated.
1. the selection of biomedical sensor
Bioelectric measurement electrode: name of product (Chinese): external electrode (trade name: EnSite NavX); Specifications and models: EN0010; Name of product (English): Surface Flectrode Kit; Manufacturing country: the U.S.; Production firm's Chinese: Sheng Youda medical supplies company limited; Properties of product structure and composition: this product comprises external electrode sheet (2 large electrode sheets and 4 small electrode sheets), 10 electrocardioelectrodes, 1 reference electrode and 1 data module; Application range of products: when external electrode and EnSite Electrophysiological mapping instrument are used in conjunction with, can be used for showing the position of electrode catheter in heart.
Body temperature trans: name of product: CW100 body temperature trans; Products: the temperature sensor of thermosensitive resistance type, is mainly used in measuring in the body of animal and shell temperature.After being connected with RM6240 or RM6280 series physiology record and analysis process system, directly calling its measurement of bldy temperature software kit and can carry out measurement of bldy temperature; Technical specification: 1mm (diameter) * 2mm (length) or 2mm (diameter) * 8mm (length); Precision: 1%, 5000 ohm/25 degrees Celsius.
Heart sound transducer: HKY-06A type heart sound transducer adopts novel high polymer polymeric material microphony sensing element to gather heartbeat and other body surface artery signal of beating, then passes through the processing of Highgrade integration signal processing circuit.Output low impedance power signal, can directly drive earphone, also can connect computer and record, and with Mp3 or the storage of Wav form, can record cardiechema signals and see hear sounds collection of illustrative plates by giving recording software as an addition, carries out atlas analysis.Can be used for clinical auscultation, hear sounds analysis, the fields such as phonocardiogram analysis of spectrum.This product adopts novel high polymer polymeric material microphony sensing element as knowing sound head, and integrated signal processing, epoxy encapsulation, profile are small and exquisite; Output high-fidelity, Low ESR, power signal, strong anti-interference performance; Power supply, output all adopt connector to connect development interface are provided simultaneously, are user-friendly to or secondary development.Sensor function: can carry out clinical auscultation by earphone; Be connected with computer by recorded audio signals cable, realize the record to cardiechema signals, preserve; Software interface can be seen hear sounds audio signal waveform collection of illustrative plates intuitively.
Pressure transducer: name of product: BP Pump2 un-wound blood-pressure; Product brand: U.S. fluke FLUKE; Product introduction: BP-Pump 2 provides ambulatory blood pressure to simulate to test non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor, comprises arm-type and wrist formula cuff.It can be tested gas leakage and measure static pressure and excess pressure valve in addition.Also optional synchronous ECG simulator, and utilize gate test circuit to carry out noise suppressed to un-wound blood-pressure is tested, its its high-precision sensor model can reach the requirement of EN1060-3; Static pressure scope: 0mmHg～+ 400mmHg (53kPa); Pressure measxurement unit: kPa, mmHg, cmH2O, inH2O, PSI; Pressure measurement range: 0mmHg～+ 400mmHg; Pressure measxurement resolution: 0.1kPa, 1.0mmHg, 1.0cmH2O, and 0.1psi; Pressure measxurement accuracy (BP Pump 2L): 0～300mmHg (reading ± 0.5% ± 1mmHg); 301～400mmHg (reading ± 2%).
Pulse transducer: model: HK-2000A; Adopt Highgrade integration technique that force sensing element (PVDF piezoelectric film), sensitivity temperature compensating element,, temperature-sensing element, signal conditioning circuit circuit are integrated in sensor.Piezoelectric type principle acquired signal, analog signal output, output is synchronized with the pulse signal of pulse wave, and pulse wave is once exported a positive pulse.This product can be used for pulse frequency and detects, as the heart rate test in motion, body-building apparatus equipment.
Grip force cell: brand: space flight constant force; Model: BK-WL120; Material crystals structure: monocrystalline; Output signal: analogue type; Degree of protection 1; The linearity: 0.5 (%F.S.); Sluggish: 0.5 (%F.S.); Repeatability: 0.5 (%F.S.); Sensitivity: 1.0 or 1.5.Feature: volume is little, performance is high, rational in infrastructure, easy to use, is applicable to fitness test system.Supply body weight sensor and vital capacity sensor simultaneously.
Medical flow transducer: the description of product: Fei Lite FS serial gas flow.Sensor is that MEMS (MEMS) the flow sensing chip technology of Xi Xiang company of U.S. employing independent research is medical breathing machine, anesthetic machine and other armarium and device design specially.This product adopts directly and measures, the airway obstruction of having avoided bypass measurement to bring; Vapour lock (pressure loss) is low; Moisture or aqueous vapor all can not brought destructive damage to sensor, thereby the mode that also can adopt sterilization to soak is sterilized.Product has the multiple way of output convenient for choosing.It is 1200SLPM that sensor can be measured maximum stream flow.With traditional thermal sensor comparison, response time shortens greatly, makes accurately to detect the variation of respiratory flow, thereby the disease of accurately check, diagnosis human respiratory becomes possibility.Product technology parameter and type selecting: range 0～800,1200SLPM; Running voltage: 8～18V; The way of output: linearity, simulation; Full-span output: 4.5V; Precision: ± 1.5%; Reading: repeatability ± 0.75% reading; Output at zero point: 0V; Sensor response time: 50msec; Power consumption: 50W; Operating temperature :-20～+ 70 ℃; Calibration gas: air; Line: 6 core shieldings, PS/2; Mechanical interface: 22 millimeters medical or according to user require customization.
Ultra sonic imaging: Siemens Acuson S2000 color ultrasound machine.ACUSON S2000 cardiovascular ultrasonic system can provide remarkable picture quality and the highest clinical diagnosis performance, and its Flow with Color Doppler Ultrasound System has realized the successful change of the application of outstanding image quality, the workflow based on expert knowledge system, adaptive ergonomic design and innovation.ACUSON S2000 Flow with Color Doppler Ultrasound System is based upon on the basis of the advanced acoustic technique of a new generation of Siemens, adopt unique MiCro Pinless (MP) needle-free probe interface technology in industry, optimized image quality, there is outstanding 2D, 3D, 4D and doppler imaging, strict application conditions meets the demands, allow you have a taste of image detail not seen before, obtain the clinical advantage of being brought by industry frontier technology.Workflow software based on expert think tank adopts learning-oriented mode identification technology, collect ten million famous expert's knowledge and experience, be equipped with the data base of true clinical case, automatically identification anatomical structure and mark, and measurements and calculations automatically, have accelerated the workflow of clinical examination, and brand-new eSieScan has significantly shortened the review time, reduce the taking of system, improved patient's circulation.
Its display adopts 19 inches of high resolution flat liquid crystal displays, no matter under any lighting condition, can observe qualitative picture, and display also has comprehensive adjustable free arm, facilitates its location; Advanced systems technology and probe technologies have strengthened the penetration power of image; Especially for the patient of technology to analyze difficulty, electric energy obtains the image of high-quality; S2000 adopts Open architecture design, and the compatibility of popping one's head between the ultrasonic platform of ACUSON has realized the maximization of investment, and has brand-new superpower cost performance, fully meets your clinical demand.
2. instrument bus, bluetooth module and USB interface
Instrument of the present invention adopts pcmcia bus, it be the abbreviation of English " PERSONAL COMPUTER MEMORY CARD INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION " (PC RAM (random access memory) card international federation), PCMCIA is International Standards Organization and the trade community of a You300Duo Ge member company, this is organized into and stands on 1989, object is to set up an integrated circuit international standard, improves the interchangeability of mobile computer.This computer desired strength is high, and energy consumption is low, and size is little, and all very high to the requirement of these several performances.PCMCIA has promulgated the basis for 68 pin PC card standards of RAM (random access memory) card in 1991, two kinds of interface standards of CardBus and ZV have newly been formulated again in 95 years, make notebook can connect PCI equipment, as High_speed NIC, video capture/video conference card, SCSI card etc.
Bluetooth communication: the BLK-MD-BC04-B of Bo Lu section bluetooth module is based on CSR BC04 External chip design, built-in aerial.Bluetooth specification: V2.0+EDR; Output: Class 2; Application interface: PIO, AIO, UART, USB, PCM, UART; Supply voltage: 3.3V; Meet ROHS standard; Size: 27mm*13mm*2mm.
USB interface chip: brand: Philips, model: PDIUSBD12.It is the USB device of a cost and function optimization.It is used in the microcontroller of system based on microcontroller and communication system conventionally in High Speed General parallel interface.It also supports local DMA conversion.Realize USB interface by modular method, and allow designer to select best system microcontroller.Its motility, has reduced development time and risk, and reduces investment.Feature: meet universal serial bus specification 2.0 versions (basic rate); High performance USB interface device, and integrated SIE, FIF0 memorizer, transceiver and manostat; Meet the classification specification of most devices; Can the plug into high speed parallel interface (2 megabyte/second) of any external microcontroller or microprocessor; Completely independently dma operation; Integrated many structures FIFO memorizer of 320 bytes; Double buffering scheme has increased handling capacity, and has simplified real-time Data Transmission; Message transmission rate; Message transmission rate: 1Mbytes/s (batch mode), the 1Mbits/s (synchronous mode) of realization; The usb bus of software control; Programmable clock frequency output; Inner electrification reset and low-voltage reset circuit; S028 and TSSOP28 encapsulation mode; Two voltage-operated patterns, 3.3 ± 0.3V or 5V supply voltage scope are 4.0～5.5V; The bulk transfer of multiple interrupt mode and synchronous transfer.
3. general practitioner expert medical assistance system
General practitioner expert medical assistance system as shown in Figure 3
Effect aspect the classified storage of medical information is along with the develop rapidly of information technology, the sharp increase of medical science and technology document, and it is very difficult something that medical worker will obtain rapidly, accurately and all sidedly required information from vast as the open sea documents and materials
Feelings, with regard to the publication amount of present professional science and technology document, medical worker can not accomplish each moment every aspect of career development all to grasp, all understand, can only be with the regular hour, select the professional science and technology information of some aspects to understand, so more need computer to bring into play the classification memory action to medical information.The classification memory action of medical expert's system to medical information, be mainly the storage of medical information being carried out high power capacity, having particular content to divide concrete fund by the classification of medical information or classification, comprise by the space of the using value of medical information, existence or place, provide or the role that grasps, time of having are raw and the storage of classifying such as the angle of disease kind of carrier, character, degree and observation.
One of subject with fastest developing speed in the world today at the effect medical science aspect the gathering of medical information, analysis and judgment, be associated with many frontier branches of science, make medical worker's information requirement present the feature of variation, stratification, the degree of depth, ageing, the user of different levels needs the inferior information of different processing stages.Utilize specialist system to gather to combine to medical information and comment, just become a ring of most critical.By gathering of medical information combined and commented, the information that has value is carried out to comprehensive Analysis and judgments.Make medical worker become more readily available the information of valuable directive significance, this is also most important to the realization of medical informatics self-value.
, in daily medical science work, often can aspect inquiry, reference, combine with medical information the effect medical worker aspect retrieval, the reference of medical information, they not only need relevant documentation & info, document clue, bibliography data or
Information reference data, and more focus on the full text of the information content, the document that obtain the degree of depth or more comprehensive documentation & info answer or definite answer for inquiry problem, yet need to utilize convenient, fast, abundant Internet resources to obtain relevant multidate information simultaneously.Therefore the specialist system that utilizes computer to provide completes inquiry, the reference to medical information, can save a lot of manpowers, comprises energy and time.In the situation that modern computer is realized connection to global networks, utilize computer to complete inquiry and the reference to medical information especially, its effect is incomparable without comparable its effect.
The application of specialist system in medical diagnosis.Medical diagnosis, treatment specialist system are exactly the principle and method of design that uses specialist system, the computer program of the thinking process establishment of simulative medicine expert diagnosis, treatment disease, it can help doctor to solve complicated medical problem, as diagnosis, the aid for the treatment of, particularly, to those wet-nose doctors, can help them to improve diagnostic skill, for patient provides best diagnosis scheme for referencial use.
4. small-signal processing
The progress of modern biomedical is inseparable with the development of biomedical measurement and instrument, and the product that biomedical measurement and instrument are physics, chemistry, information science to combine with biology, medical science with the various modern technologies take electronic technology as representative.
Biomedical measurement belongs to weak signal measurement substantially.
On the one hand, reflection organism physiology and chemistry changes signal or parameter are faint mostly.On the other hand, in order to reduce the interference to organism normal activity or to prevent the interference to organism normal activity or prevent the injury to organism, in measurement, always reduce as much as possible measured quantity of sampling quantity, thereby cause measured signal fainter.So biomedical measurement belongs to small-signal measurement category, there is the common feature of weak signal measurement, require the highly sensitive of measuring system, resolving power is strong, suppresses noise and capacity of resisting disturbance good.
Image reconstruction, three-dimensional visualization, utilize a series of image reconstruction 3-D view model, thereby provide realistic three-dimensional medical image true to nature, be convenient to multi-angle, observe position on three-dimensional space, size, geometry and the relation between biological tissue around at many levels, thereby sick body and surrounding tissue thereof are carried out to qualitative and quantitative analysis, to improving accuracy and the correctness of diagnosis.
Therefore small-signal processing aspect application envelope Mean Filtering Algorithm detects in real time small-signal algorithm for details, see the appendix, and image is processed and carried out suitable secondary application and development with business 3-D view process software.
5. the operation instruction of instrument
A distinguishing feature of general practitioner work is to make house calls, general practitioner is often visited and is processed the patient of family with the form of visit to the parents of schoolchildren or young workers, in the time making house calls, bring instrument of the present invention, referring to Fig. 1, can be according to diagnosis patient's concrete condition, by one in combined sensor 1, several or whole measurements (diagnosis) installation of sensors is at the suitable position of patient body, by the Virtual Instrument control on screen of portable computer and the whole instrument of operation, by the data of measuring, generate electronic health record, general practitioner is diagnosed according to the data of apparatus measures, hold a consultation by general practitioner expert medical assistance system for difficult miscellaneous diseases, output electronic prescription according to diagnostic result, simultaneously automatically by case history, check result and prescription automatic input patient's health account.Appendix
Envelope Mean Filtering Algorithm detects small-signal in real time
EMF algorithm research to as if a kind of gradual, nonperiodic signal of being uniformly distributed in random noise of being submerged in completely.The feature of signal is: slowly, not sudden change, is not periodically in small-signal variation, and the amplitude of noise signal is very large, and tens of small-signal amplitude times are arrived hundred times often.
A signal that is mixed with random noise can represent with following formula:
Y(t)＝S(t)+N(t)
S in formula (t) is useful signal, and N (t) is random noise.
If random noise meets following characteristics: mathematic expectaion is 0.2. noise profile bounded, and be similar to and be uniformly distributed.Noise spectrum is much larger than the frequency spectrum of useful signal.Useful signal S (t), can detect by EMF algorithm.
First EMF algorithm detects the envelope that dyes noise cancellation signal Y (t), the average of then using envelope and lower envelope line as signal S (t) if estimated value. measuring system is sampled to analogue signal Y (t), and what can obtain quantizing dyes noise cancellation signal discrete columns:
Y(n)＝S(n)+N(n)
Envelope is consistent with the waveform of useful signal, and no matter its amplitude is such as what.In other words,, as long as can accurately estimate the envelope up and down that contains noise signal, so, the Estimation of Mean that useful signal just can be used lower envelope line out.
The estimation formulas of envelope is:
In formula, u (n) is coenvelope line; L (n) is lower envelope line; A is attenuation.Useful signal estimated value s (n), the average of available upper lower envelope is expressed as:
s(n)＝[u(n)+l(n)]/2
The calculating of EMF algorithm is carried out in real time, and often sampling should be carried out, just can obtain immediately a new estimated value, and this feature advantage in Real-time Collection process control system is fairly obvious.
S (n) to Y (n) variation in envelope insensitive, this makes to dye most high-frequency noise in noise cancellation signal and is filtered.Only have in the time that upper or lower envelope line run into the signal of higher magnitude and saltus step occurs, s (n) just there will be a saltus step, and its amplitude is only the half of the hopping amplitude of envelope.
In order to make upper and lower envelope can follow the variation of useful signal, in the algorithm for estimating of lower envelope, introduced an attenuation a, the introducing of this attenuation is the key of EMF algorithm.According to the basic functional principle analysis of EMF algorithm, its value should approximate the maximum rate of change Δ max of useful tempolabile signal, that is:
α＝γΔ
max≈max(|(s(i)-s(i-1))|
0＜i≤n)
In formula, γ is attenuation quotient.Variation that like this could tracking signal, the amplitude that useful signal is subdued in the too small meeting of a value, a value the conference noise contribution that makes to export in s (n) increase.Conventionally all can have an estimation roughly to the change rate signal of s (n), therefore a value is definite not so difficult.
The discrete series s (n) estimating in employing formula, due to by sound pollution, there will be stair-stepping saltus step, for smooth waveform, adopt real-time sliding formwork average algorithm to carry out curve smoothing to s (n) again, sliding formwork average computation formula is as follows in real time:
In formula, avg (n) is the average output of real-time sliding formwork, and M calculates the average data length of sliding formwork.M is when larger, and the error of calculation in formula is less, can ignore.And M is larger, average data length is also larger, just better to the inhibition of noise, and curve is just more level and smooth, but the time delay of output signal is also larger.
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