CN103794872A - Super-miniature Beidou navigation antenna based on broadband short circuit loading structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于宽带短路加载结构和超小型化的北斗导航天线，包括上层介质板、下层介质板和设置在上层介质板和下层介质板之间的短路柱；所述上层介质板的背面印刷有贴片和短路金属带，上层介质板的正面设置有L探针馈电结构。所述北斗导航天线的长*宽*高为35mm*35mm*15mm，电尺寸为0.13λ×0.13λ×0.057λ。本发明的北斗导航天线同时满足微带天线小型化和带宽这一对矛盾的需求、突破在一定电尺寸下微带天线带宽的限制，提出了一种新型基于短路加载结构的宽带化技术，并将此技术应用于超小型化微带天线，使的本专利发明的超小型天线满足北斗导航B3频段的使用要求。
The invention discloses a Beidou navigation antenna based on a broadband short-circuit loading structure and miniaturization, comprising an upper dielectric board, a lower dielectric board and a short-circuit column arranged between the upper dielectric board and the lower dielectric board; the upper dielectric board SMD and short-circuit metal strips are printed on the back, and an L-probe feeding structure is arranged on the front of the upper dielectric board. The length*width*height of the Beidou navigation antenna is 35mm*35mm*15mm, and the electrical dimension is 0.13λ×0.13λ×0.057λ. The Beidou navigation antenna of the present invention satisfies the contradictory requirements of microstrip antenna miniaturization and bandwidth at the same time, breaks through the limitation of microstrip antenna bandwidth under a certain electrical size, and proposes a new broadband technology based on short-circuit loading structure, and Applying this technology to an ultra-miniature microstrip antenna makes the ultra-miniature antenna of the invention meet the requirements for the use of the B3 frequency band of Beidou Navigation.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of antenna, relate to a kind of microstrip antenna and satellite navigation aerial, especially a kind of based on broadband short circuit loading structure and subminiaturized Big Dipper navigation antenna.
Background technology:
Along with the fast development of Satellite Navigation Technique, many countries have all set up the satellite navigation system of oneself, the Big Dipper two generations (Compass) navigation system is China's global positioning satellite navigation system of development voluntarily, the GPS of the Shi Ji U.S., the 3rd ripe satellite navigation system after Muscovite GLONASS.Can be in the world round-the-clock, round-the-clock provides the highly reliable location of high accuracy, navigation, time service service for all types of user.In the middle of navigation system, terminal guidance antenna plays vital effect, and this patent is intended to invent a kind of Big Dipper navigation antenna of subminiaturized single frequency, makes it meet the user demand of handheld terminal or miniaturization array.
Microstrip antenna, as a kind of antenna form of extensive use, compares other forms of antenna and more easily realizes miniaturization.Traditional microstrip antenna miniaturization technology comprises that paster fluting loads [1, H.Iwasaki, " Acircularly polarized small-size microstrip antenna with a cross slot, " IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., vol.44, no.10, pp.1399-1401, Oct.1996.], floor fluting loads [2, H.D.Chen, " Compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna with slotted ground plane, " Electron.Lett., vol.38, no.13, pp.616-617, and short circuit loading technique [3 Jun.2002.], X.H.Tang, H.Wong, Y.L.Long, Q.Xue, andK.L.Lau, " Circularly Polarized Shorted Patch Antenna on High Permittivity Substrate With Wideband, " IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., vol.60, no.3, pp.1588-1592, Mar.2012.].This wherein short circuit loading technique can make the resonance frequency of microstrip antenna obviously decline, have and compare the better miniaturization effect of other several technology.
The designed navigation antenna object of this patent is the instructions for use in order to meet handheld terminal and array in Big Dipper B3 frequency range, within size need to be limited in 35mm (length) * 35mm (wide) * 15mm (height), electricity size is only 0.13 λ × 0.057, λ × 0.13 λ, λ is the space wavelength that antenna resonant frequency is corresponding, traditional microstrip antenna size that does not use any miniaturization should be in 0.5 λ left and right, so this patent requires the microstrip antenna of design can be referred to as miniature micro wave antenna.Apply existing short circuit loading technique, antenna resonant frequency can be transferred to B3 frequency range centre frequency 1.268GHz, but the bandwidth obtaining can not meet the bandwidth requirement of B3 frequency range far away.This is that bandwidth and miniaturization are the requirements of conflict because for traditional microstrip antenna, and the bandwidth of antenna can reduce along with reducing of size.Microstrip antenna itself is a kind of narrow-band antenna, and miniaturization later bandwidth also just must cannot satisfy the demands far away.This is also that why short circuit loads miniaturization technology and had a lot of years, can not obtain the reason of extensive use but this miniature micro wave antenna almost loses bibliographical information.
Traditional broadband technology of microstrip antenna comprises increases antenna height, adopt the methods such as air dielectric, the U-shaped groove of paster, L probe feed, but these methods are sacrificed antenna volume or the miniaturization technology based on paster often.The subminaturization microstrip antenna effect that broadband technology based on paster proposes for this patent is also not obvious, this is because of the microstrip antenna for little electric size like this, paster has become very little to the impact of whole microstrip antenna, and that short-circuit structure plays a part antenna is most crucial, so, invent a kind of broadband technology loading based on short circuit and seem most important.
In the middle of the analytical method of microstrip antenna, Transmission line method is a kind of wherein the most frequently used method.In this method, the paster of microstrip antenna is regarded as the transmission line of two sections of certain lengths, and transmission line two parallel resistances of two sections of loadings and electric capacity represent radiation impedance.Meanwhile, the method for utilizing lamped element to carry out analysis distribution formula structure is widely used in the middle of antenna analysis.This patent combines these two kinds of methods, the short circuit loading structure of microstrip antenna has been carried out to the circuit modeling of lamped element, and this model and microstrip antenna transmission line model are combined, and has obtained the transmission line model of short circuit loaded microstrip antenna.And take Circuit theory as basis, this model has been carried out to broadband research, and the achievement in research of this model is applied in antenna practical structures, invent a kind of novel broadband short circuit loading technique, and this technology has been applied in the middle of miniature micro wave antenna.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to load for existing short circuit the problem of Miniaturized Microstrip Antennas bandwidth deficiency, for can meet the demand of microstrip antenna miniaturization and this conflict of bandwidth, the restriction of breakthrough microstrip antenna bandwidth under certain electric size simultaneously, a kind of novel broadband technology based on short circuit loading structure has been proposed, and this technology is applied to subminaturization microstrip antenna, the ultra-small antenna of this patent invention making meets the instructions for use of Big Dipper navigation B3 frequency range.
The object of the invention is to solve by the following technical programs:
Based on broadband short circuit loading structure and subminiaturized Big Dipper navigation antenna, comprise top dielectric plate, layer dielectric plate and be arranged on top dielectric plate and layer dielectric plate between short circuit post; The back up of described top dielectric plate has paster and short circuit metal tape, and the front of top dielectric plate is provided with L probe feed structure.
The wide * height of long * of described Big Dipper navigation antenna is 35mm*35mm*15mm, and electricity is of a size of 0.13 λ × 0.057, λ × 0.13 λ.
The dielectric constant of described top dielectric plate and layer dielectric plate is all 2.65F4b, and the thickness of top dielectric plate is 1mm, and the thickness of layer dielectric plate is 2mm.
Described short circuit post is cuboid copper post, and it is of a size of 1mm*1mm*15mm.
Described L probe feed structure is made up of sheet metal and the circular copper post being connected on sheet metal, and this sheet metal is printed on the front of top dielectric plate.
Described paster comprises four grooves, increases the direction coefficient of the greatest irradiation direction of antenna; Described short circuit metal tape comprises that phase place that four not isometric minor matters are used for adjusting two orthogonal modes is to realize circular polarization radiation.
Between described top dielectric plate and layer dielectric plate, be filled with air.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) use short circuit loading technique significantly to reduce microstrip antenna overall dimensions, the antenna that is applied to triones navigation system B3 frequency range of this patent design only has 35mm*35mm*15mm, and its applicable hand-held set is used.Electricity size only has 0.13 λ × 0.057, λ × 0.13 λ, is the microstrip antenna of seeing so far the electric size minimum of delivering, can be referred to as miniature micro wave antenna.
(2) use simulative method to study to short circuit loading technique, a kind of Novel short circuit loading broad-band technology of having utilized Circuit theory design, special construction makes antenna meet bandwidth in extra small electric size to meet instructions for use, well solves know clearly microstrip antenna electricity size and this conflict demand of bandwidth.
(3) ripe Circuit theory is introduced to microstrip antenna designs, the novel design process proposing has promotional value.For the more special microstrip antenna of design performance in future provides reference.
(4) antenna has used the structure that double-deck F4B printed board copper post supports, very easily processing.Compare the Miniaturized Microstrip Antennas that uses high dielectric constant plate, the employing of air dielectric also makes the extremely low and radiation efficiency of antenna cost increase to some extent.
(5) emulation and measured data prove, this patent design Big Dipper B3 band antenna is all less than 3dB in whole B3 frequency range axial ratio, at 1.23GHz---and the very wide scope standing internal wave of 1.38GHz is than being all less than 1.2.What antenna emulation was used is AnsoftHFSS13 simulation software finite element algorithm, and what antenna actual measurement was used is the antenna near-field test macro in vector network analyzer and microwave dark room.Measurement result as shown in the drawing.The actual measurement of antenna and emulation standing-wave ratio contrast as shown in figure 12, and actual measurement and simulated gain Circular polarization ratio contrast as shown in figure 13, and antenna actual measurement normalized radiation pattern and axial ratio are as shown in Figure 14,15,16.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
End view is overlooked for antenna 1 in Fig. 1-1; Fig. 1-2 is antenna 1 structural representation;
Fig. 2 antenna 1 transmission line model;
Fig. 3 antenna 1 FEM Numerical Simulation and Simulation results input impedance comparison diagram;
Fig. 4 antenna 2 structure vertical views;
Fig. 5 antenna 2 FEM Numerical Simulations and Simulation results input impedance comparison diagram;
Fig. 6 antenna 3 vertical views;
Fig. 7 antenna 3 FEM Numerical Simulations and Simulation results input impedance comparison diagram;
Fig. 8 antenna 2 antenna 3 input impedance finite element simulation comparison diagrams;
Fig. 9 antenna 123 reflection coefficient comparison diagrams;
End view is overlooked in Figure 10-1 Big Dipper B3 band antenna (antenna 4);
Figure 10-2 Big Dipper B3 band antennas (antenna 4) structural representation;
The graph of a relation of Figure 11 minor matters length L 11 and L12 and antenna greatest irradiation axis of orientation ratio;
The actual measurement of Figure 12 antenna standing wave ratio and simulation comparison figure;
Figure 13 antenna axial ratio and gain actual measurement simulation comparison figure;
Figure 14-1 antenna 1.258GHz measured drawing;
Figure 14-2 antenna 1.258GHz emulation normalized radiation pattern;
Figure 15-1 antenna 1.268GHz measured drawing;
Figure 15-2 antenna 1.268GHz emulation normalized radiation pattern;
Figure 16-1 antenna 1.278GHz measured drawing;
Figure 16-2 antenna 1.278GHz emulation normalized radiation pattern.
Wherein: 1 is top dielectric plate; 2 is layer dielectric plate; 3 is short circuit post; 4 is paster; 5 is short circuit metal tape; 6 is L probe feed structure.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
Referring to Fig. 1-1,1-2,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-1,10-2,11,12,13,14-1,14-2,15-1,15-2,16-1,16-2, first this patent proposes a kind of traditional short circuit loaded microstrip antenna as prototype antenna, as shown in Fig. 1-1,1-2, this antenna is denoted as antenna 1.In antenna 1, four short circuit metal tapes are drawn from microstrip antenna paster, extend to antenna four angles around by a coupling gap, pass through metal column direct short-circuit from four angles to metal floor, above-mentioned this part formed the short circuit loading structure of whole antenna, adopting four short circuits to load is the symmetry for radiation pattern.In addition antenna 1 also adopts L probe feed to realize impedance matching.In order better the characteristic of short circuit loaded microstrip antenna to be analyzed, this patent has adopted circuit with lumped element modelling, short circuit loading structure is carried out circuit modeling and this model is carried on microstrip antenna transmission line model, obtained short circuit loaded microstrip antenna transmission line model as shown in Figure 2.In Fig. 2, part among dotted line frame is the circuit model of the short-circuit structure that proposes of this patent, part correspondence beyond dotted line frame be the traditional microstrip antenna transmission line model not loading [4, R.Munson, " Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays; " IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., vol.22, no.1, pp.74-78, Jan.1974.].In lamped element in dotted line frame, L3 represents respectively horizontal metal band and vertical metal column with L5, and the gap between them is represented by C6.
After having set up the transmission line model of antenna 1, this patent uses finite element emulation software Ansoft HFSS to carry out emulation to antenna 1 model is actual, and obtains the impedance curve of antenna.Re-use afterwards circuit simulating software AWR Microwave Office transmission line model is carried out to modeling and simulation, thereby the impedance curve that uses the tune tool function in software to adjust the realistic model of the antenna that makes the input impedance of transmission line model and obtain from Ansoft HFSS to model element parameter value matches, and matching result as shown in Figure 3.
The circuit model of the short circuit loading structure that this patent is set up is actually a LC series resonant circuit, and according to Circuit theory, as shown in Equation 1, and the expression formula of its quality factor as shown in Equation 2 for the expression formula of its resonance frequency.
Can be found out by formula 1, no matter be electric capacity or the inductance increasing in resonant tank, its resonance frequency all can decline, but increase the words of inductance, its quality factor can increase (as shown in Equation 2), and quality factor and bandwidth are inversely proportional to, this means that the method by increasing inductance can make the bandwidth in whole loop reduce; Contrary, if its resonance frequency is declined by increasing the method for electric capacity, bandwidth can increase to some extent.Through the checking of circuit simulation, this theory is applicable to the short circuit loaded microstrip antenna transmission line model that this patent proposes completely.
Corresponding, this patent is attempted this Circuit theory in the middle of the realistic model of antenna.Be easy to find out, the length that in actual antennas, short circuit loads and inductance L 3 and the L5 of short circuit loaded circuit model are directly proportional, and gap and capacitor C 6 between them is directly proportional, can suppose, reduce L3 and L5, increase C6, namely reduce the length of two sections of short circuit metal-loaded bands, then design a kind of new construction and increase coupling gap length between them and become a kind of method of the possible whole beamwidth of antenna of increase, next this patent will be verified this hypothesis.
First this patent has been set up another antenna model as shown in Figure 4, be referred to as antenna 2, compare antenna 1, adopt a kind of novel coupling structure of this patent invention: increased two ends metal minor matters, length is labeled as respectively as L5 and L6, the coupling gap length that this has been equivalent to increase between two sections of metal tapes, has also been equivalent to increase the C6 in Fig. 2 circuit model.In addition be no matter that antenna realistic model or other parameters of transmission line model or component value are all consistent with antenna 1, Ansoft HFSS and AWR Microwave Office simulation result are as shown in Figure 5, can see that both have well obtained coupling, its resonance frequency is compared antenna 1 and is also dropped to 2.20GHz from 2.55GHz.
For can and antenna 2 contrast, this patent has been set up antenna 3 models in the shorter short circuit metal band of another one use and longer coupling gap, as shown in Figure 6.The length of L3 significantly reduces, and the length of L5 and L6 slightly increases, for the ease of relatively, the length L 5 of two minor matters and L6 through adjustment make the resonance frequency of antenna 3 and antenna 2 just the same.Through Ansoft HFSS, emulation obtains impedance curve, reducing the L3 in circuit model and increase the antenna feed impedance Curve Matching that C6 obtains input impedance curve that circuit model obtains and Ansoft HFSS emulation, as shown in Figure 7.Finally the input impedance of antenna 2 and antenna 3 and S parameter are contrasted, as shown in Figure 8,9, can find out, the bandwidth of antenna 3 has had obvious increase with respect to antenna 2.This that is to say, adopt the Novel short circuit structure of antenna 3 can make bandwidth in situation that antenna resonant frequency is constant increase to some extent, this patent is summarized in the important parameter of the transmission line model of antenna 1,2,3 and realistic model in the middle of table 1, can find out that initial hypothesis has obtained checking.This novel broadband short circuit loading technique can become a kind of effective technology to miniature micro wave antenna compensation bandwidth.
| Antenna | Inductance L | 5 | Capacitor C 6 | L5&L6 size | L3 | Resonance frequency | |
| 1 | 1.28nH | 1.19 |
0 | 14.5mm | 2.55 |
||
| 2 | 1.28nH | 3.3pF | 5.5mm | 14.5mm | 2.2 |
||
| 3 | 0.36nH | 7.8pF | 7.5mm | 7mm | 2.2GHz |
1,2,3 contrasts of table 1 antenna
After this patent based on this art designs a miniature micro wave antenna that is applied to Big Dipper navigation, as shown in Figure 10-1,10-2, be labeled as antenna 4.Antenna adopts the structure of the F4B printed panel that upper and lower two layers of dielectric constant is 2.65, the middle air dielectric that uses, around four short circuit copper posts support total, compare antenna 3, on paster, opened four grooves to increase the direction coefficient of greatest irradiation direction of antenna, the phase place that in short circuit loaded ribbon, many four not isometric minor matters are used for adjusting two orthogonal modes is to realize circular polarization radiation more.For convenient processing, paster part and short circuit metal strap portions have been printed on the back side of top dielectric plate, and L probe feed has been printed on top dielectric plate front.
As shown in figure 10, concrete numerical value is as follows for the concrete size marking of Big Dipper B3 frequency range navigation antenna of the present invention:
| Parameter | G | L | h | h1 | fx | fy | Lf |
| Numerical value (mm) | 35 | 26 | 15 | 0.8 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 6.1 |
| Parameter | Wf | W | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 |
| Numerical value (mm) | 2.5 | 1 | 4 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 9.5 |
| Parameter | L7 | L8 | L9 | L10 | L11 | L12 | L13 |
| Numerical value (mm) | 1 | 5 | 3.5 | 9 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 5 |
The processing of antenna completes with dielectric constant 2.65F4b printed circuit board (PCB) form, and one is divided into two-layerly up and down, and thickness is respectively 1mm and 2mm.What short circuit post used is 1mm*1mm*15mm cuboid copper post, and what in feed L probe, vertical component used is cylinder copper post.
(1) it is long that overall dimension of the present invention only has 35mm() * 35mm(is wide) * 15mm(is high), electric size is only that the short circuit of 0.13 λ × 0.057, λ × 0.13 λ loads microminiature Big Dipper B3 navigation microstrip antenna.
(2) adopt novel Analog Circuits Analysis method, short circuit is loaded and carries out theory analysis, use Circuit theory to instruct the broadband design of short circuit loading structure.
(3) invent a kind of short circuit loading structure of new structure, through checking, the bandwidth of miniature micro wave antenna has been increased, met instructions for use.
(4) use upper and lower two-layer printed board structure, the air between two parts makes antenna weight significantly reduce radiation efficiency to be increased.And the extremely low easy manufacture of cost.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, when can utilizing the method for above-mentioned announcement and technology contents to make a little change or being modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be the content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification of above embodiment being done according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
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| CN104681980A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Double-coupling short-circuit loading GNSS (global navigation satellite system) navigation antenna |
| CN109216908A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-15 | 华南理工大学 | It is a kind of width axis than wave beam double frequency round polarized Beidou antenna |
| CN111446543A (en) * | 2020-02-16 | 2020-07-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Single-feed dual-circular polarization directional antenna with extremely-low frequency ratio and antenna system |
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| CN104681980A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Double-coupling short-circuit loading GNSS (global navigation satellite system) navigation antenna |
| CN104681980B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2017-05-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Double-coupling short-circuit loading GNSS (global navigation satellite system) navigation antenna |
| CN109216908A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-15 | 华南理工大学 | It is a kind of width axis than wave beam double frequency round polarized Beidou antenna |
| CN109216908B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2023-11-10 | 华南理工大学 | Dual-band circularly polarized Beidou antenna with wide axial ratio beam |
| CN111446543A (en) * | 2020-02-16 | 2020-07-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Single-feed dual-circular polarization directional antenna with extremely-low frequency ratio and antenna system |
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Application publication date: 20140514 |