CN103779856B - Many choppers rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification - Google Patents
Many choppers rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of many choppers and rise, with positive warm type resistance combined classification, the fault current limiter hindered.It is an object of the present invention to provide that cost is relatively low, be applicable to 500KV and many choppers of above rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, improve safe operation of electric network.Technical scheme: many choppers rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, from bus successively through main circuit breaker DL0, 1st component level rises resistance unit and is connected to power transmission line direction, 1st component level rises on resistance unit 2nd to the n-th 1 component level in parallel successively and rises resistance unit, a least significant end resistance Rn in parallel, wherein the i-th component level rise resistance unit connected with resistance Ri by the i-th chopper DLi, described 1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd component level rises between resistance unit through high voltage isolator G1, G2 connects, described resistance Rn two ends connect overvoltage protection spark gap FZ1 respectively, FZ2 ground connection, wherein n takes arbitrary natural number of 3～9, 1≤i≤n 1.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of many choppers and rise, with positive warm type resistance combined classification, the fault current limiter hindered.It is suitable for
In power grid security device technique field.
Background technology
Along with the continuous growth of China's regional power grid population size, constantly putting into operation of heavy-duty generator group
And the interconnection of each large regional grid, Power System Shortcuts levels of current increases day by day, many area power grids short
Road electric current, oneself is through meeting or exceeding the maximum permissible value that electric power code is limited.Short circuit current excessive (as
Reach 63kA or more than 80kA), make electrical network face the security threat that cannot cut-off close-in fault, make simultaneously
Become heat effect, dynamo-electric effect excessive, have a strong impact on the safe operation of electrical network.
Short-circuit fault of power system has the biggest harm to high voltage electric equipment itself and the properly functioning of system
Property.It is in particular in: 1. dynamic, the thermally-stabilised effect of short circuit current may damage electrical equipment.On the one hand,
When short circuit current flows through electrical equipment, strong heat effect can cause conductor or the damage of its insulation.The opposing party
Face, during conductor short circuit current flow, is impacted by the biggest electric power, causes conductor deformation, even damages；
2. when short trouble occurs, in electrical network, voltage can reduce, especially voltage at short circuit trouble point substantially under
Fall, has a strong impact on customer power supply, even causes device damage and the consequence such as cause product quality defective；③
System is short-circuited and is equivalent to change electric network composition, necessarily causes the change of power distribution in system.No matter
Be short-circuited at which point, electromotor output active power all by decline, but the input power of electromotor by
Prime mover or inflow determine, it is impossible to change immediately, and the imbalance of electromotor input and output is inevitable
Cause rotation speed change, consequently, it is possible to cause the electromotor of paired running to lose synchronization, destroy system stability, very
To causing large-area power-cuts；The most asymmetric ground short circuit fault produce out-of-balance current can cause serious not
The generation of balancing flux, and then cause being formed the biggest induced potential in the communication line that transmission line of electricity is neighbouring,
Thus cause the person peace of the electromagnetic interference to communication system, serious entail dangers to communication equipment and operation maintenance personnel
Entirely.
At present both at home and abroad the nominal short-circuit of the fertile most of primary cut-out of institute of power equipment manufacturer is opened
Power-off stream, typically at below 63kA, is difficult to meet system needs and cut-offs the requirement of bigger short circuit current, Er Qiesui
Constantly expanding and on national network continuous reinforcement of net capacity, this contradiction can be more and more prominent.Although
Use the method changing electric network composition can solve the suppression problem of grid short circuit electric current, but compromise electricity simultaneously
The motility of network operation and economy, the most also increase the difficulty of different section Up Highway UHW load variations allotment.Cause
This, how limiting system short-circuit fault electric current has become in modern power network development faced one and can not avoid
Important technical and economic problems.
The electrical network requirement to fault current limiter: fault current limiter FCL is a kind of concatenation electrically setting in the line
Standby.When it is normal, impedance is zero or the least, and during fault, impedance is the biggest.Technology requirement to fault current limiter
Mainly there is the following aspects:
(1), time properly functioning, current-limiting apparatus is Low ESR or zero impedance state, the active power of system and nothing
Merit power attenuation is little, and have no effect (pressure drop is zero) to system；
(2) fault occur after, device should be able to action in very short time, fault current arrive first peak
Effective limiting short-circuit current before value；
(3) there are certain limit capacity and current limliting time；
(4) control simply, without high speed short trouble detection technique:
(5) side effect such as system transient modelling vibration, overvoltage are not caused during action；
(6) correct operation of the equipment such as relay protection is not affected；
(7) device has auto-reset function and repeatedly continuous action ability；
(8) cost and the operating cost of equipment are low, the volume and weight that can bear, and reliability is high, maintenance
Amount and maintenance cost are low.
The practical progress of fault current limiter:
1) national situations
The degree come into one's own along with FCL improves day by day, and domestic a lot of institutional unitses put into its research and application.
In the United Nations of CAS Electrical Engineering Research Institute, first three-phase high temperature of China of many unit joint research exploitations surpasses
Lead current limiter successfully by 3500A(virtual value) be restricted to 635A(virtual value), and transcient short circuit time waveform without
Sudden change.Controlled interest group company by Tianjin mechanotronics and Yundian Yingna Superconductive Cable Co., Ltd., Beijing combines and grinds
The 220kV superconducting magnetic saturation type FCL of system, successfully put into reality application, is to hang in the world at present in 2007
The superconductive current limiter that electric pressure is the highest, capacity is maximum of net trail run.The Central China University of Science and Technology research based on
The FCL of series compensation employs the closing switch u of triggered vacuum gap or the operation of high speed repulsive force mechanism and draws, tool
Action speed Shanghai Communications University is had to propose a kind of magnetic switch type fault current limiter being applicable to mesohigh electrical network
Structure, and have developed a 220kV/50A current limiter prototype.Huadong Metallurgy College proposes a kind of by general
Energising feels topological with the lossless resistor formula current limiter of IGBT bridge composition and obtains national patent Zhejiang big
Learn the 10kW500A/2500A band alternating current bypass current-limiting inductance developed and use the New Solid of coupling transformer
Current limiter model machine passes through to test at power test station, Shaoxing in December, 2006,
2) abroad instance
From early 1990s, after EPRI releases solid-state FCL scheme, abroad in terms of solid-state current limiter
Research obtain huge progress.At the beginning of 1993, at the ArmyPower of New Jersey Mort Monmouth
It is mounted with a 6.6MW's being made up of inverse parallel GTO on the 4.6kV alternating-current feeding circuit of Center
Solid circuit breaker, average operating current is 800A, in the time internal cutting off event of the fault 300H S that is short-circuited
Barrier, plays the effect of being effectively protected；Westinghouse Electric cooperates with EPRI, produces one (13.8kV, 675A)
FCL(and solid circuit breaker SSCB combines), the transformer station being arranged on PSE ＆ G in February, 95 puts into fortune
Row 124J；Northeastern Japan Utilities Electric Co. and Hitachi, Ltd have developed (Distribution Current Limiting
Device, DCLD) assay device, and tested.
SFCL engineering research document abroad report is more, and SFCL engineering research document abroad report is more,
Its engineer applied aspect is the bridge circuit type 2.4 developed nineteen ninety-five Lockheed martin company (U.S.) earlier
The superconductive current limiter of kV/80A；Have developed again index in General Atomics company in 1999 is 15kV
The bridge circuit type superconducting current limiter of/20kA；ABB AB of Switzerland developed at 1996 and 2002 the most respectively
The resistive superconducting current limiter of 1.2MVA and 6.4MVA: 2004, Toshiba company of Japan profit
The superconductive current limiter of 66kV750A with superconductive high temperature material development.
In addition Japanese fuji motor in 1994 is developed jointly out by vacuum switch and GTO with company of Kansai Electric Power
The 400V distribution blended learning constituted in parallel.ACEC Transport in 1998 and
GEC-Alsthom develops the hybrid fault current limiter of AC/DC, and has formed commercialization.
In sum, existing domestic and international producer and research institution not yet form 500KV and above
And it is prone to the fault current limiter technology of through engineering approaches application.And it is currently in the 500KV electric pressure of conceptual phase
The cost of superconductive failure current limiter experimental prototype be up to 8,000 ten thousand-1 hundred million yuans.But a 500KV's
The gross investment of transformer station is only 3-5 hundred million yuans.So cost is difficult to carry out the popularization of large-scale engineering standard configurationization
Application.Its two, current current limiter is many to be controlled inductance element with Power Electronic Technique or superconductor technology and seals in short
Loop, road, but edit according to the rationale of traditional arc extinction, such as University of Fuzhou professor Zhang Guansheng,
In " electrical equipment rationale " China Machine Press [1989] of Xi'an Communications University professor Wang Jimei trial
Described affect alternating current arc extinguish circuit parameter as follows:
Supply voltage: its value is the biggest, then the maximum recovering voltage is the biggest, and blow-out is the most difficult.
Arc current: its value is the biggest, then power is the biggest, and blow-out is the most difficult.The waveform of arc current is to blow-out
Also have an impact, it is desirable to the waveform of arc current has longer zero to stop the phase.
Power-factor angle: in circuit, inductive proportions is the biggest, then power-factor angle is the biggest, and blow-out is more difficult to.
Alternating-current switch electrical equipment is carried out breaking capacity test, for current current limiter inductance to switch blow-out is
The most disadvantageous factor, is also the reason that should not promote of current inductive type current limiter.
Actual count shows with analysis, and fault current limiter is only arranged in high pressure or supergrid, just has reality
Border engineer applied is worth, and just can highlight its superiority in technology and economic aspect.Because high-voltage fence holds
Carrying on a shoulder pole the main trend conveying task of power system, what the reliability of restrictor apparatus proposed extremely Xun carves wants
Asking, the fault current limiter engineered solution being currently applied to high-voltage fence is few.Superconduction type fault current limiter
Currently it is also difficult to power electronics type fault current limiter promote.The solution of existing engineer applied mainly has two
Kind: 1. install current-limiting reactor additional；2. current limiter based on series resonance-type is installed additional.High-voltage fence the most both at home and abroad
In mostly use current-limiting reactor to carry out limiting short-circuit current, its shortcoming is the increase in system impedance, consumes a large amount of
Idle, have impact on economy and the safety of electrical network.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, it is provided that a kind of cost is relatively low,
The many choppers being applicable to 500KV and above rise, with positive warm type resistance combined classification, the fault hindered
Current limiter, to improve the safety of operation of power networks.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of many choppers rise resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Fault current limiter, it is characterised in that: rise resistance unit through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level successively from bus
Being connected to power transmission line direction, the 1st component level rises on resistance unit 2nd to the (n-1)th component level in parallel successively and rises resistance unit,
A least significant end resistance Rn in parallel, wherein the i-th component level rises resistance unit by the i-th chopper DLi and resistance Ri string
Connection, described 1st component level rise resistance unit and the 2nd component level rise resistance unit between through high voltage isolator G1,
G2 connects, and described resistance Rn two ends connect overvoltage protection spark gap FZ1, FZ2 ground connection respectively, its
Middle n takes arbitrary natural number of 3～9,1≤i≤n-1；
Wherein resistance R1 to Rn is tap or the high-power positive temperature system of controllable adjustable gear of band tap
The thermal resistor of number material, the resistance size under described resistance R1, R2 to Rn room temperature is by the jumping of integral multiple
Change relation and be gradually increased.
Described resistance R1 to Rn resistance after short circuit current heats up is 10～100 times of resistance under room temperature；Described
Resistance under resistance R1, R2 to Rn room temperature is gradually increased by the multiple proportion of 5～30 times.
Described resistance R1 to Rn is metal or its alloy of the resistive type high-melting-point value with positive temperature coefficient
Material, is placed in vacuum or SF6Middle insulation-encapsulated.
Described resistance R1 to Rn is dystectic conducting ceramic material and conducting high polymers thing, is placed in true
Sky or SF6Middle insulation-encapsulated.
Described main circuit breaker DL0 is SF6Chopper or vacuum circuit breaker；Described i-th chopper DLi uses
SF6Chopper, vacuum circuit breaker, oil-break or IGCT electronic power switch.
Described overvoltage protection spark gap FZ1, FZ2 are the Zinc-Oxide Arrester of voltage levels.
Described resistance R1 to Rn uses material to be tungsten filament, nickel wire, molybdenum filament, platinum filament, iron wire, copper wire, ferrum
Copper-tungsten, dilval, nickel cobalt (alloy), Perminvar, tungsten-rhenium wire, tungsten nickel cobalt, tungsten-molybdenum alloy,
Tungsten nickel or tungsten-rhenium alloy, or the high-temperature alloy body that adulterated by other rare earth metal or be
Nitride conductivity ceramics: zirconium nitride ZrN, titanium nitride TiN, silicon oxynitride Si2N2O, niobium nitride NbN；
Boride conductivity ceramics: MoB2、ZrB2、TiB2、LaB6、HfB2、CrB2、TaB2、NbB2、UB2、WB2、
MoB、ThB2；
Silicide conductive pottery: MoSi2、NbSi2、Cr3Si、Cr3Si2、CrSi2、ZrSi2、Mg2Si、TiSi2、
WSi2、VSi2；
And by rear-earth-doped nitride or boride, or the conductive ceramic body material of silicide, or
For selecting conducting polymer materials, including by conductive polymeric composite and filled-type conducting polymer material
Material is constituted；Filled-type includes: carbon black filled type, metal filled type, blending type；Typically conduct electricity height
Molecular material is: polyacetylene PA, polyaniline PAN, polypyrrole PPX, polythiophene PTH, poly-to benzene PPP,
The Power Resistor that the materials such as poly-phenylethylene PPV make.
Described resistance R1 to Rn is the high-power thermal resistor device of cement mo(u)ld, ceramic mould positive temperature coefficient, or
Person is the resistor of the honeycomb structured body of above material.
If n takes 3, under room temperature the resistance of resistance R1, R2, R3 be respectively 0.0025 Ω, 0.05 Ω, 1
Ω；When n takes 4, under room temperature the resistance of resistance R1, R2, R3, R4 be respectively 0.001 Ω, 0.01 Ω,
0.1Ω、1Ω。
Described chopper is the most integrated with the assembly of described resistance to be placed in a SF6 gas cabinet closed,
Combine integrated construction unit with GIS to manufacture.
To chopper DL1, DL2, the sequence control method of DL3 ... .DLn-1 action in this programme design
For, by the action of the 1st chopper DL1 elder generation, according to along for DL2, DL3 ... .DLn-1, finally it is only master
Chopper DL0 trips, and in the trip(ping) circuit of each chopper, all adds previous stage breaker open operation position
Auxiliary contact as locking use, after guaranteeing that previous stage switch has cut-off really, rear stage could disconnect
's.As the 1st chopper DL1 trips after disjunction first, the separating brake auxiliary contact Guan Bi of the 1st chopper DL1,
Series connection has been connected the trip(ping) circuit to the 2nd chopper DL2 and has been controlled, at the trip signal of the 2nd chopper DL2
During arrival, the method making a kind of sequential control locking of the 2nd reliable separating brake of chopper DL2.
Current-limiting resistor is mainly by refractory metal or its alloy or the resistance temperature of conducting ceramic material
The characteristic of coefficient: vary with temperature and quickly rise the principle of resistance.
Temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance: the resistance of conductive material varies with temperature and changes, the proportionality constant of its change claims
For temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, represent with α.The resistance value of most metals increases with the rising of temperature, then α
For on the occasion of, referred to as positive temperature coefficient；But some material (such as carbon) rises high resistance with temperature to be reduced, then α
For negative value, referred to as negative temperature coefficient.If the temperature of conductive material is t0Time resistance be R, then
R=R0[1+α(t-t0)]
If as a example by the tungsten filament material of bulb, when being set as 1 Ω under room temperature, after bulb is lighted, lamp
Bubble (under the conditions of vacuum environment) internal temperature is up to 2500 DEG C, and the fusing point of tungsten 3387 DEG C, the resistance of tungsten
Temperature coefficient α=4.5 × 10-3DEG C, R=R0[1+4.5×10-3(2500 DEG C-20 DEG C)]=11.35 times, i.e. exist
When temperature reaches 2500 DEG C, when the resistance value of tungsten filament is than room temperature cold conditions, add about 11.35 times, be referred to as positive temperature
The material of coefficient.
When electrical network major loop occurs three-phase shortcircuit, short circuit current typically than load current big 10-20 times,
The heat Q=0.24I that the resistance sealed in this programme produces accordingly2Rt, it is seen that heat produced by resistance with
Square being directly proportional of electric current, accordingly, because the effect of temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, resistance also produces quickly
Appreciate, thus play and utilize pure resistance to increase and limit the purpose of grid short circuit electric current.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is classification parallel PTC critesistor in current limiter,
Owing to short circuit current will produce heat, when short trouble occurs, semistor resistance will improve,
Play metering function.When the present invention is properly functioning, the impedance of current-limiting apparatus is the least, and power attenuation is little, and short-circuit
Resistance is sealed in higher during fault.The resistive impedance of resistor sealed in will not cause transient oscillation to cause overvoltage to endanger
Evil.The present invention still keeps bigger impedance when reclosing, it is ensured that chopper disjunction safety.The present invention has certainly
Dynamic reset and repeatedly continuous action ability, equipment cost is low, safe and reliable, and maintenance cost is low, easy through engineering approaches
Popularization and application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1.
Short circuit current distribution and schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is to rise resistance in embodiment 1 first.
Fig. 3 is the short circuit current distribution after the 1st chopper DL1 cut-offs in embodiment 1 and schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: as it is shown in figure 1, the present embodiment is a kind of many choppers and positive warm type resistance combined classification liter
The fault current limiter of resistance, rises resistance unit and is connected to transmission of electricity through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level from bus successively
Line direction, the 1st component level rises on resistance unit 2nd component level in parallel successively and rises resistance unit and a resistance R3,
Wherein the 1st component level rise resistance unit be in series by the 1st chopper DL1 and resistance R1, the 2nd component level
Rise resistance unit to be in series with resistance R2 by the 2nd chopper DL2.1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd
Component level rises and connects through disconnecting switch G1, G2 between resistance unit.Resistance R3 two ends connect overvoltage respectively and protect
Protect spark gap FZ1, FZ2 ground connection.All choppers (DL0～DL3) and all resistance in the present embodiment
The assembly of (R1～R3) is the most integrated to be placed in a SF6 gas cabinet closed, integrated with GIS combination
Construction unit manufacture.
Resistance R1, R2, R3(commercially available prod in the present embodiment) it is tap or the controllable adjustable of band tap
The thermal resistor of the high-power PTC material of gear, by switching switch contact group and motorized motions machine
Structure and adjustable resistor of constituting, its power is configured by the maximum short circuit power of relevant voltage grade.
In this programme resistance R1, R2, R3 selected cold conditions (room temperature) and hot (short circuit time close to fusing point also
Leave suitable surplus temperature) in the case of resistance rise the high melting-point gold of the positive temperature coefficient being significantly up to about 10 times
Belong to and alloy or conducting ceramic material.Resistance R1, R2, R3 resistance size at normal temperatures presses integral multiple
Saltus step and the relation that is gradually increased is incremented by, in this example, under room temperature, the resistance value ratio of resistance R1, R2, R3 is 0.0025
Ω: 0.05 Ω: 1 Ω=1:20:400.
Material selected by resistance R1, R2, R3 be high-power, high voltage is pressure, high-melting-point value (fusing point
Material more than 1000 DEG C) the metal of positive temperature coefficient and alloying metal or nonmetal or metal and non-gold
Belong to the composite of doping, for the composite being blended by metal material and ceramic silicon silicate material, such as cement
Type, the high-power thermal resistor device of ceramic mould positive temperature coefficient, or the honeycomb structured body of above material
Resistor.
Metal mold is had the alloy fled rheostat of positive temperature coefficient, such as iron wire, nickel wire, tungsten filament, molybdenum filament, platinum
Silk and alloy body, dilval, nickel cobalt (alloy), Perminvar, tungsten nickel cobalt, tungsten nickel or W-Re
The binary such as alloy material, the High-temperature-resoxidation-resistant oxidation-resistant alloy type resistor of ternary.
Resistor material can also be by conducting ceramic material, the polymeric material of conduction, has positive simultaneously
The function of temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, concrete material may is that 1. nitride conductivity ceramics, such as zirconium nitride ZYN, nitrogen
Change titanium TiN, silicon oxynitride, niobium nitride, 2. carbide conductivity ceramics, 3. boride conductivity ceramics, MoB2、
ZrB2、TiB2、LaB6、HfB2、CrB2、TaB2、NbB2、UB2、WB2、MoB、ThB2Deng ceramic material, 4.
Silicide conductive pottery, MoSi2、NbSi2、Cr3Si、Cr3Si2、CrSi2、ZrSi2、Mg2Si、TiSi2、
WSi2、VSi2Deng conductive material.Described resistor material can be conductive polymer type resistor, including by multiple
Mould assembly conducting polymer composite and filled-type conducting polymer composite are constituted.Filled-type includes: carbon black filled type,
Metal filled type, blending type.Conductive material, typical conducting polymer composite is: 1. polyacetylene PA,
2. polyaniline PAN, 3. polypyrrole PPX, 4. polythiophene PTH, 5. poly-to benzene PPP, the most poly-phenylethylene PPV
Composite conducting material Deng macromolecule conducting material and conventional polymer thereof with metal dust alloy.
Resistance R1, R2, R3 are by insulating ceramics or high temperature resistant, polymeric material cladding, and are placed in vacuum
Or it is filled with SF6In protection structure in gas glass tubing or quartz ampoule or other resistant to elevated temperatures earthenware body.Resistance
If the material of R1, R2, R3 select metal alloy compositions such as iron wire, nickel wire, tungsten, tungsten-rhenium wire, iron-nickel alloy,
The material such as tungsten-bast alloy, iron cobalt nickel alloy need to install additional and prevent oxide protective layer, be installed on vacuum or fill
There is SF6In protection structure in gas glass tubing or quartz ampoule or other resistant to elevated temperatures earthenware body.
In this example, main circuit breaker DL0 is SF6Chopper or vacuum circuit breaker, the 1st chopper DL1 and the 2nd
Chopper DL2 uses SF6The solid state electrical electronics such as chopper, vacuum circuit breaker, oil-break or IGCT
Switching device, electric pressure be 110KV, 220KV, 500KV, 750KV, 1000KV etc. any one
Voltage levvl.In the present embodiment, chopper can be that device can also be placed in by discrete with the connection of resistance
SF6 gas is pressed GIS enclosed construction manufacture.
The operation principle of the present embodiment is as follows: in fault-free under normal circumstances, main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st break
Road device DL1, the 2nd chopper DL2 and high voltage isolator G1, G2 are all at closing position, and load is by mother
Line flows to line direction, and line load electric current is connected access on main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st chopper DL1
Resistance R1=0.0025 Ω, when this resistor runs, power attenuation is about 3～4KW, relatively small.
When there is alternate or metallic short circuit over the ground in circuit, the 1st, the protective relaying device of the 2nd chopper divides
Not starting, by the 1st chopper DL1 elder generation fast trip, break is the intrinsic opening time of chopper
T=20～30ms, after the 1st chopper DL1 tripping operation, short circuit current flows to the 2nd component level respectively and rises resistance unit and resistance
R3。
1, as when D3 point (see figure 1) is short-circuited, short circuit current flows through resistance R1, resistance R1's
Temperature rapid increase, its resistance value is quickly increased to about original 10 times, is i.e. improved extremely by 0.0025 Ω
During 0.025 Ω, the 2nd component level rises resistance unit and the 1st component level rises resistance cell impedance relation and constitutes
R2:R1=0.05 Ω: 0.025 Ω=2:1 relation, the 2nd component level rises resistance unit and serves shunting action.Such as figure
Shown in 2, it is assumed that 500KV system incipient short electric current is 70KA, system internal resistance R0=500/70=7.14 Ω,
Now 70KA flow to the 1st component level rise resistance unit electric current be Id=(2/3)×[Ue/(R0+R1//R2)]=(2/3)
× 500KV/ (7.14 Ω+0.0167 Ω)=46.575KA, flow through the 2nd component level rise resistance unit electric current be
23.28KA, and the capacity that cut-offs of the 1st chopper DL1 is 63KA, can meet its requirement cut-offfing capacity.
2 as it is shown on figure 3, after the 1st chopper DL1 cut-offs, short circuit current all pours into the 2nd component level
Rise resistance unit and resistance R3, owing to R2 is positive temperature coefficient material resistance, after short circuit current, R2 temperature
Drastically raising, its resistance also raises more than 10 times, 0.05 Ω of original cold conditions rise to 0.5 Ω, this resistance
It is 1 Ω: 0.5 Ω=2:1 with R3 resistance ratio, as described above, flows through the short circuit electricity of second servo loop DL2
Stream is
Id=(2/3) × [Ue/ (R0+R2//R3)]=(2/3) × [500KV/ (7.14 Ω+0.333 Ω)]=44.55KA,
2nd chopper DL2 rupturing capacity is 63KA, has possessed safe breaking capacity.
3, after the 2nd chopper DL2 cut-offs, all of short circuit current flows to resistance R3, makes R3 temperature drastically
Raise, 1 Ω rise to 10 Ω, seal in major loop, short circuit current I=500KV/ (7.14 Ω+10 Ω)=29.17KA,
From there through this device, short circuit current is limited within 63KA, make rupturing capacity at the main circuit breaker DL0 of 63KA
Realize the device of the safe disjunction to 70KA short circuit current.
Calculate about resistance R1 loss power when properly functioning, P=I2× R, 500KV circuit conveying merit
Rate is 1,000,000 kilowatts, Ie=1250A, P=12502× 0.0025=3.9KW, the suitable three-phase of this power
The power consumption of floor air conditioner, is lost about 20,000 degree of electricity by load curve year, and power supply department is in expense
Can bear, and the power consumed when load is relatively low can be less.
Relay protection and secondary control loop design circuit breaker trip order are as follows: as being short-circuited former when D3 point
During barrier, by the 1st chopper DL1 quickly first tripping, the time is 10-20ms, when the 1st chopper DL1 tripping
After tripping the 2nd chopper DL2 again, after the 2nd chopper DL2 closing circuit seals in the 1st chopper DL1 separating brake
Auxiliary magnet as locking, it is ensured that could disconnect after the 1st chopper DL1 separating brake, when the 1st chopper DL1,
2nd chopper DL2 produces holding time about 30-40ms after all disconnecting, and has sealed in resistance R3 in major loop,
R3 1 Ω that appreciated rises to about 10 Ω, and the switch off time about 50-80ms of general main circuit breaker DL0, in design
Require before the movement time of main circuit breaker DL0 relay protection setting, complete resistance R3Liter temperature rise hindered
Journey, final purpose is the purpose making to realize in main circuit breaker DL0 loop current limliting.Theoretical Calculation, major loop
After short circuit current seals in R3=10 Ω, short circuit current is dropped to 500KV/ (7.14 Ω+10 by 70KA
Ω)=29.17KA, the chopper that so rupturing capacity can be made to be 63KA safety can cut-off under 70KA electric current,
This device has, due to critesistor, the high resistance characteristic that thermal resistance value can keep 1-10 minute simultaneously, can make
When greatly reducing combined floodgate when coinciding with permanent fault of the reclosing of main circuit breaker DL0 and secondary reclosing
Fault curre, resistance is the impedance of purely resistive simultaneously, creates the best to the arc extinguishing of primary cut-out
Loading condition.
For improving the movement time of the 2nd chopper DL2 switch, can also be by the 2nd chopper in Practical Project
DL2 switched power electronic solid state device realizes, through multistage string thyristor device in parallel, GTO,
The high-power turn-off device such as IGBT, IGCT controls through light-operated or alternate manner through multistage connection in series-parallel can be quick
Turn-off circuit electric current, can complete movement time in 5ms-10ms.Such 1st chopper DL1, the 2nd break
Switch off time total for road device DL2 completes in caning be controlled in 20-30ms.Guarantee main circuit breaker DL0 adjust into
In the switch off time such as time of 50-100ms, R3 resistance significantly is made to appreciate.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 4, the present embodiment is a kind of many choppers and positive warm type resistance combined classification liter
The fault current limiter of resistance, the structure & working mechanism of the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1.Depend on from bus
Secondary rising resistance unit through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level and be connected to power transmission line direction, it is single that the 1st component level rises resistance
In unit, parallel connection the 2nd successively, the 3rd component level rise resistance unit and a resistance R4, and wherein the 1st component level rises resistance
Unit is in series with resistance R1 by the 1st chopper DL1, and the 2nd component level rises resistance unit by the 2nd open circuit
Device DL2 is in series with resistance R2, and the 3rd component level rises resistance unit by the 3rd chopper DL3 and resistance R3
It is in series.1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd component level rises between resistance unit through disconnecting switch G1, G2
Connect.Resistance R4 two ends connect overvoltage protection spark gap FZ1, FZ2 ground connection respectively.Resistance under room temperature
The resistance of R1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 0.001 Ω, 0.01 Ω, 0.1 Ω, 1 Ω.
Claims (9)
1. chopper more than a kind and positive warm type resistance combined classification rise the fault current limiter of resistance, it is characterised in that:
Rise resistance unit and be connected to power transmission line direction through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level from bus successively, the 1st component
Level rises on resistance unit 2nd to the (n-1)th component level in parallel successively and rises resistance unit, a least significant end resistance Rn in parallel,
Wherein the i-th component level rise resistance unit connected with resistance Ri by the i-th chopper DLi, described 1st component level rises
Resistance unit and the 2nd component level rise and connect through high voltage isolator G1, G2 between resistance unit, described resistance Rn
Two ends connect overvoltage protection spark gap FZ1, FZ2 ground connection respectively, and wherein n takes arbitrary nature of 3～9
Number, 1≤i≤n-1；
Wherein resistance R1 to Rn is tap or the high-power positive temperature system of controllable adjustable gear of band tap
The thermal resistor of number material, the resistance size under described resistance R1, R2 to Rn room temperature is by the jumping of integral multiple
Change relation and be gradually increased；
Described resistance R1 to Rn resistance after short circuit current heats up is 10～100 times of resistance under room temperature；Institute
The resistance stated under resistance R1, R2 to Rn room temperature is gradually increased by the multiple proportion of 5～30 times.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described resistance R1 to Rn is the resistive type high-melting-point value with positive temperature coefficient
Metal or its alloy material, be placed in vacuum or SF6Middle insulation-encapsulated.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described resistance R1 to Rn is that dystectic conducting ceramic material or conducting polymer gather
Compound, is placed in vacuum or SF6Middle insulation-encapsulated.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described main circuit breaker DL0 is SF6Chopper or vacuum circuit breaker；Described i-th breaks
Road device DLi uses SF6Chopper, vacuum circuit breaker, oil-break or IGCT electronic power switch.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described overvoltage protection spark gap FZ1, FZ2 are that the zinc oxide of voltage levels is kept away
Thunder device.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described resistance R1 to Rn uses material to be tungsten filament, nickel wire, molybdenum filament, platinum filament, ferrum
Silk, copper wire, ferrum copper-tungsten, dilval, nickel cobalt (alloy), Perminvar, tungsten-rhenium wire, tungsten nickel cobalt,
Tungsten-molybdenum alloy, tungsten nickel, or the high-temperature alloy body that adulterated by other rare earth metal or be
Nitride conductivity ceramics: zirconium nitride ZrN, titanium nitride TiN, silicon oxynitride Si2N2O, niobium nitride NbN；
Boride conductivity ceramics: MoB2、ZrB2、TiB2、LaB6、HfB2、CrB2、TaB2、NbB2、UB2、
WB2、MoB、ThB2；
Silicide conductive pottery: MoSi2、NbSi2、Cr3Si、Cr3Si2、CrSi2、ZrSi2、Mg2Si、TiSi2、
WSi2、VSi2；
And by rear-earth-doped nitride or boride, or the conductive ceramic body material of silicide, or
For conducting polymer materials, including by conductive polymeric composite and filled-type conducting polymer composite structure
Become；Filled-type includes: carbon black filled type, metal filled type, blending type；Conducting polymer composite is:
Polyacetylene PA, polyaniline PAN, polypyrrole PPX, polythiophene PTH, poly-to benzene PPP, polyphenyl Asia second
The Power Resistor that alkene PPV material makes.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described resistance R1 to Rn is the high-power heat of cement mo(u)ld or ceramic mould positive temperature coefficient
Sensitive resistor.
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: if n takes 3, under room temperature, the resistance of resistance R1, R2, R3 is respectively 0.0025
Ω、0.05Ω、1Ω；When n takes 4, under room temperature, the resistance of resistance R1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 0.001
Ω、0.01Ω、0.1Ω、1Ω。
Many choppers the most according to claim 1 rise the failure current limit of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification
Device, it is characterised in that: described chopper is the most integrated with the assembly of described resistance is placed in a SF6 closed
In gas cabinet, combine integrated construction unit with GIS and manufacture.
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