CN103777570A - Machining error rapid detection and compensation method based on NURBS curved surface - Google Patents
Machining error rapid detection and compensation method based on NURBS curved surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于NURBS曲面的加工误差快速检测补偿方法，包括：1）对设计的NURBS曲面进行分析，选取一系列特征点作为待测序列P；2）根据设计的NURBS曲面用机床加工曲面，然后对待测序列P中的待测点进行测量，得到实测序列Q’；3）计算实测序列Q’与待测序列P之间的偏差，若偏差小于等于加工精度，则不需要调整；若有偏差大于加工精度，根据偏差对待测序列P进行调整，得到补偿序列W；4）根据补偿序列W对控制点C进行调整，得到补偿曲面，根据补偿曲面加工，得到与设计的NURBS曲面误差较小的加工曲面。本发明方法能够提高在机测量方法对自由曲面加工精度的检测效率并对自由曲面进行补偿加工。
The invention discloses a method for quickly detecting and compensating processing errors based on NURBS curved surfaces, including: 1) analyzing the designed NURBS curved surface, and selecting a series of feature points as the sequence P to be measured; 2) processing the designed NURBS curved surface with a machine tool surface, and then measure the points to be measured in the sequence to be measured P to obtain the measured sequence Q'; 3) Calculate the deviation between the measured sequence Q' and the sequence to be measured P, if the deviation is less than or equal to the machining accuracy, no adjustment is required; If the deviation is greater than the machining accuracy, adjust the measured sequence P according to the deviation to obtain the compensation sequence W; 4) Adjust the control point C according to the compensation sequence W to obtain the compensation surface, and process according to the compensation surface to obtain the error of the designed NURBS surface Smaller machining surfaces. The method of the invention can improve the detection efficiency of the machining accuracy of the free-form surface by the on-machine measurement method and can perform compensation processing on the free-form surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine tooling field, be specifically related to a kind of mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface.
Background technology
Along with the development of the industries such as aviation, automobile and mould, the application of free form surface in Element Design is more and more extensive, and the processing of free form surface has also had higher requirement to precision and efficiency.In order to improve the machining precision of free form surface, generally need to measure mismachining tolerance, assess and compensate, the non-rotating symmetry of free form surface, out-of-shape, the irregular feature of structure make the measurement of free form surface become very complicated.Rapidly the mismachining tolerance of free form surface is carried out to precision measurement and assesses have very important meaning for the free form surface of machining high-precision.
The measurement of free form surface mainly can be divided into off-line measurement and two kinds of modes of on-machine measurement.Offline inspection technology based on three coordinate measuring machine can be used for measuring the accuracy detection of free form surface, but this measurement need to be carried workpiece, clamping and location again, and this process can be brought certain reorientation error, the precision that impact is measured.On-machine measurement technology is directly the part after digital control processing to be measured in CNC milling machine, and this has been avoided the reorientation error problem in off-line measurement method.On-machine measurement has two kinds of contact type measurement and non-contact measurements, has had multiple measuring principle to realize at present the position of any on curved surface is measured.
By realizing the assessment to surface machining accuracy to the measurement of series of points on curved surface, the error that obtains processing curve distributes, thereby determines the strategy of error compensation.Mainly contain at present following several for the measurement scheme of Free-Form Surface Machining error: 1, tested curved surface is detected to path planning, then measure one by one the point on curved surface, and the desirable cad model of testing result and part is analyzed, find the deviation of each measuring point, thereby the mismachining tolerance that obtains curved surface, it represents that patent is " online test method of the surface machining accuracy of complex parts " CN201210266355.6; 2, according to machining path design measuring route, point on point-to-point measurement curved surface, the face shape error data of Real-time Collection measuring point, the obtaining of face shape error data of realizing whole surface of the work, it represents that patent is " the free form surface in-situ measuring method based on machining tool " CN201010530776.6; 3, measure the molded line in curved surface features cross section, obtain the error of the true molded line point that the measurement molded line point of curved surface each characteristic cross-section is corresponding with it, be used for detecting the precision of curved surface, it represents that patent is " a kind of detection method of complex-curved blade " CN201310021045.2.
Nurbs surface can accurately represent complicated free form surface, and the shape of curved surface is determined by reference mark, weight factor and knot vector, can adjust former curved surface by changing knot vector, reference mark and weight factor.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the detection efficiency of on-machine measurement method to Free-Form Surface Machining precision and free form surface to be compensated to processing, the invention provides a kind of mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface.
A mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface, comprises the following steps:
1) knot vector UV and the reference mark C information of the nurbs surface to design are analyzed, and on the nurbs surface of design, choose series of features point as sequence P to be measured;
2) according to knot vector UV and the reference mark C machine tooling curved surface of the nurbs surface of design, then measure with the tested point that measuring head is treated in order-checking row P, obtain surveying sequence Q ';
3) calculate the deviation between actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured, if deviation is less than or equal to machining precision, do not need to adjust;
If there is deviation to be greater than machining precision, treat order-checking row P according to deviation and adjust, be compensated sequence W;
4) according to compensation sequence W, reference mark C is adjusted, be compensated curved surface, according to compensation Machining of Curved Surface, obtain the processing curve less with the nurbs surface error designing.
In step 1), as preferably, described sequence P to be measured comprises the point of knot vector UV on the corresponding curved surface in node place and the essential characteristic point on curved surface, and described essential characteristic point is curved surface extreme point and curvature minimax point.Above-mentioned point is larger to the control of nurbs surface, larger on the impact of nurbs surface, select above-mentionedly as sequence P to be measured, be finally compensated sequence W by adjusting sequence P to be measured, can be compensated and compensate more accurately curved surface, finally obtain the processing curve that error is less.
Step 2) in, measure with the tested point that measuring head is treated in order-checking row P, comprising: unload process tool, contact type measurement head is arranged on machine tool chief axis, and when measurement, X-axis is consistent with tested point in sequence P to be measured with Y-axis coordinate, obtain Z axis coordinate figure, Z axis coordinate figure need to be eliminated deviation x
wherein R surveys the radius of a ball in contact type measurement head, and θ is measuring point principal direction slope, and θ is curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction angulation of surveying ball and surface intersection place in contact type measurement head.
In step 3), calculate the deviation between actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured, treating order-checking row P according to deviation adjusts, be compensated sequence W, specifically comprise: the error between the Z axis coordinate of the tested point that the eyeball in calculating actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured are corresponding, deducts this error at sequence P to be measured and be compensated sequence W.
In step 4), according to compensation sequence, W adjusts reference mark C, is compensated curved surface, specifically comprise: set machining precision eps, calculate biased sequence D ' according to compensation sequence W and sequence P to be measured, if each Error Absolute Value is all less than or equal to eps in biased sequence D ', curved surface does not need to adjust; If have at least an error d ' absolute value to be greater than eps in biased sequence D ', curved surface needs to adjust; Reference mark C corresponding with the middle d ' of biased sequence D ' on curved surface is adjusted, the amount that the corresponding reference mark C of d ' adjusts is passed through
calculate, wherein
w
i,jthe weight factor being associated with reference mark C, N
i,kand N (u)
j,l(v) be respectively the standard B spline Basis of u to k time and v to l time, ε
i,jfor the vector that the corresponding reference mark C of d ' adjusts, q is the three-dimensional coordinate of tested point corresponding with d ' on curved surface, and q is the three-dimensional coordinate of eyeball corresponding with d ' on curved surface.Reference mark C is after adjusting, and measurement sequence and the biased sequence new according to curved surface remeasure, calculation deviation again, and then adjust, until curved surface adjustment completes.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
Adopt the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface of the present invention to carry out measurement, assessment and the compensation at machine to Free-Form Surface Machining precision rapidly, maximum feature is by the measurement of unique point on curved surface is compensated to curved surface rapidly, to complete detection, assessment and compensation to Free-Form Surface Machining precision.High efficiency measurement has improved the applicability of on-machine measurement in reality processing greatly.The method that the present invention proposes is not limited only to contact measuring head, applicable equally for most of other forms of on-machine measurement equipment, has broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the step schematic diagram that the present invention is based on the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method of nurbs surface;
Fig. 2 is a nurbs surface and the structural representation of curved surface being analyzed to rear selected tested point thereof;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation to the measured deviation x that on mean camber of the present invention, measuring point curvature causes;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of design curved surface and processing curve;
Fig. 5 is the mismachining tolerance distribution plan between design curved surface and processing curve;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of design curved surface and compensation curved surface.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, for the present invention is based on the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method of nurbs surface, comprise the following steps:
1) knot vector UV and the reference mark C information of the nurbs surface to design are analyzed, and on the nurbs surface of design, choose series of features point as sequence P to be measured;
Sequence P to be measured comprises the point of knot vector UV on the corresponding curved surface in node place and the essential characteristic point on curved surface, and essential characteristic point is curved surface extreme point and curvature minimax point;
2) according to the knot vector UV of the nurbs surface of design and reference mark C area of computer aided lathe processing curve, then measure with the tested point that measuring head is treated in order-checking row P, obtain surveying sequence Q ';
Measure with the tested point that measuring head is treated in order-checking row P, comprising: unload process tool, contact type measurement head is arranged on machine tool chief axis, when measurement, X-axis is consistent with tested point in sequence P to be measured with Y-axis coordinate, obtains Z axis coordinate figure, Z axis coordinate figure need to be eliminated deviation x
wherein R surveys the radius of a ball in contact type measurement head, and θ is measuring point principal direction slope, and θ is curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction angulation of surveying ball 2 and actual contact point 4 intersections in contact type measurement head;
3) error between the tested point Z axis coordinate that the eyeball in calculating actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured are corresponding, deducts this error at sequence P to be measured and is compensated sequence W, if deviation is less than or equal to machining precision, does not need to adjust;
If there is deviation to be greater than machining precision, treat order-checking row P according to deviation and adjust, be compensated sequence W;
4) according to compensation sequence W, reference mark C is adjusted, be compensated curved surface, according to compensation Machining of Curved Surface, obtain the processing curve less with the nurbs surface error designing;
According to compensation sequence, W adjusts reference mark C, be compensated curved surface, specifically comprise: set machining precision eps, calculate biased sequence D ' according to compensation sequence W and sequence P to be measured, if each Error Absolute Value is all less than or equal to eps in biased sequence D ', curved surface does not need to adjust; If have at least an error d ' absolute value to be greater than eps in biased sequence D ', curved surface needs to adjust; The reference mark C of tested point p corresponding with d ' on curved surface is adjusted, the amount that reference mark C adjusts is passed through
Calculate, wherein
W
i,jthe weight factor being associated with reference mark C, N
i,kand N (u)
j,l(v) be respectively the standard B spline Basis of u to k time and v to l time, ε
i,jfor the vector that reference mark C adjusts, q is the three-dimensional coordinate of tested point corresponding with d ' on curved surface, and q is the three-dimensional coordinate of eyeball corresponding with d ' on curved surface.
As shown in Figure 2, be one 3 × 3 times, size is 100mm × 100mm, reference mark C the nurbs surface of totally 49, its knot vector u={0,0,0,0,0.2674,0.5,0.7401,1,1,1,1}, v={0,0,0,0,0.2753,0.5,0.7536,1,1,1,1}, reference mark C={ (0,0,20), (0,17,20) ..., (100,100,20) }.The machining precision requiring is 0.02mm.
121 points on curved surface are the sequence P to be measured selecting, P={ (2.0084,3.5678,20.0063), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0812) ... (95.4523,97.3105,18.0836) }, its corresponding uv parameter is as follows: u=v={0.02,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,0.98}.
According to the knot vector UV of the nurbs surface of design and reference mark C area of computer aided lathe processing curve, machine tooling curved surface, after Free-Form Surface Machining completes, unload process tool, contact type measurement head (RenishawRMP600) is arranged on machine tool chief axis, as shown in Figure 3, contact type measurement head comprises to be surveyed ball 2 and connects the chaining pin 1 of surveying ball 2, activate contact type measurement head, first chaining pin 1 length and survey ball 2 radiuses are demarcated, then treating order-checking row P measures, obtain surveying sequence Q, Q={ (2.0084, 3.5678, 20.0227), (1.9917, 15.3949, 20.0947), (95.4523, 97.3105, 18.6855), measured data in actual measurement sequence Q is processed, eliminate the measured deviation x causing due to measuring point curved surface 3 curvature, obtain revised actual measurement sequence Q ', deviation is passed through
calculate, wherein R is the radius of surveying ball 2 in contact type measurement head, and θ is measuring point principal direction slope, in contact type measurement head, surveys curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction angulation 6 of ball 2 and actual contact point 4 intersections.5 is the theoretical position of tested point, and Z axis coordinate figure need to deduct deviation x,
Q′={(2.0084,3.5678,20.0226),(1.9917,15.3949,20.0914),…,(95.4523,97.3105,18.1205)}。
As shown in Figure 4, be the structural representation at reference mark 8, processing curve 9 and processing curve reference mark 10 of design curved surface 7, design curved surface.
Remember h(h=1,2,3 ...) inferior to tested point adjust operation after reference mark C be C
h={ c
h1, c
h2..., c
hM, the quantity that M is reference mark, in the present embodiment, M is 49, the measurement sequence P of correspondence on the curved surface obtaining
h={ p
h1, p
h2..., p
hN, N is the number in sequence P to be measured, in the present embodiment, N is 121, the biased sequence D of measuring point place
h={ d
h1, d
h2..., d
hN, D
h'={ d
h1', d
h2' ..., d
hN' in maximal value be d
kmax, d
kmax'.
To design surface information, sequence P to be measured and actual measurement sequence Q ' and input to computing machine, set machining precision eps=0.003mm, program calculates biased sequence D according to actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured, its mismachining tolerance distributes as shown in Figure 5, as can be seen from Figure 5, the undesirable 0.003mm machining precision of curvature portion region processing precision, need to carry out error compensation.D={d
1, d
2..., d
121}={ 0.0163,0.0102 ..., 0.0369}, d
max=d
121=0.0369>eps, relatively the size of every and machining precision eps in D, as every machining precision eps that is all less than or equal in D, is input to the design surface information of lathe without adjustment, can reach desired machining precision.When a certain d in every in D is greater than eps, i.e. above-mentioned situation, d
max=d
121=0.0369>eps=0.003, need first on curved surface with d
121corresponding tested point p in corresponding sequence P to be measured
121reference mark C adjust.
Calculate the error between the tested point Z axis coordinate that eyeball in actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured are corresponding, obtain biased sequence D ', D '={ 0.0162,0.0102 ..., 0.0369}, deduct this error at sequence P to be measured and be compensated sequence W, W is as follows for compensation sequence:
W={(2.0084,3.5678,19.990),(1.9917,15.3949,20.071),…,(95.4523,97.3105,18.0467)}。
Design surface information, sequence P to be measured and actual measurement sequence W are inputed to computing machine, and setting machining precision is still eps '=0.003mm, calculates biased sequence D ' according to compensation sequence W and sequence P to be measured, D '=0.0162,0.0102 ..., 0.0369}, d
max'=d
121'=0.0369>eps ', relatively every and machining precision eps ' size in D ', in the time that in D ', a certain d ' is greater than eps ', adjusts the reference mark C of tested point p corresponding with d ' on curved surface, and the amount that reference mark C adjusts is passed through
Calculate, wherein
W
i,jthe weight factor being associated with reference mark, N
i,kand N (u)
j,l(v) be respectively the standard B spline Basis of u to k time and v to l time, ε
i,jfor the vector that this reference mark C adjusts, the three-dimensional coordinate that q is this tested point, q is the three-dimensional coordinate of the actual measuring point that this tested point is corresponding.
Calculate the measurement sequence P on curved surface
h' and biased sequence D
h', if d
kmax' be less than eps ', curved surface adjustment completes, and the curved surface obtaining is compensation curved surface.Due to d
max'=d
121'=0.0369>eps ', therefore, first will on curved surface with d
121' corresponding tested point p
121reference mark C adjust, this reference mark C adjust amount pass through
calculate, wherein
w
i,jthe weight factor being associated with reference mark, N
i,kand N (u)
j,l(v) be respectively the standard B spline Basis of u to k time and v to l time, ε
i,jfor the vector that this reference mark C adjusts, q is this tested point p
121three-dimensional coordinate, q is this tested point p
121corresponding actual measuring point q
121three-dimensional coordinate.Each time adjust measure sequence and biased sequence as follows:
The 1st time:
C
1′={(0,0,19.9867),(0,17,19.9907),…,(100,100,19.9306)}；
P
1′={(2.0084,3.5678,20.0028),(1.9917,15.3949,20.0727),…,(95.4523,97.3105,18.0637)}；D
1′={0.0127,0.0053,…,0.0176}，d
1max′=d
1,71′=0.0231>eps′；
The 2nd time:
C
2′={(0,0,19.9822),(0,17,19.9903),…,(100,100,19.9069)}；
P
2′={(2.0084,3.5678,19.9992),(1.9917,15.3949,20.0731),…,(95.4523,97.3105,18.0568)}；D
2′={0.0093,0.0054,…,0.0101}，d
2max′=d
2,46′=0.0171>eps′；
…………
…………
…………
The 15th time:
C
15′={(0,0,19.9763),(0,17,19.9874),…,(100,100,19.9355)}；
P
15′={(2.0084,3.5678,19.9927),(1.9917,15.3949,20.0744),…,(95.4523,97.3105,18.0496)}；D
15′={0.0026,0.0034,…,0.0029}，d
15max′=d
15,15′=0.0074>eps′；
The 16th time:
C
16′={(0,0,19.9759),(0,17,19.9857),…,(100,100,19.9338)}；
P
16′={(2.0084,3.5678,19.9925),(1.9917,15.3949,20.0735),…,(95.4523,97.3105,18.0482)}；D
16′={0.0024,0.0025,…,0.0015}，d
16max′=d
16,11′=0.0027<eps′；
Be compensated curved surface 11, as shown in Figure 6, for design curved surface 12 and compensation curved surface 11, wherein, design curved surface 7 and design curved surface 12 are same curved surface, are the curved surface that just starts design, according to compensation curved surface 11, workpiece is compensated to processing, mismachining tolerance between the processing curve obtaining and design curved surface 12 is less than or equal to machining precision eps=0.003mm, meets processing request, improves the machining precision of design curved surface.
Claims (7)
1. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) knot vector UV and the reference mark C information of the nurbs surface to design are analyzed, and on the nurbs surface of design, choose series of features point as sequence P to be measured;
2) according to knot vector UV and the reference mark C machine tooling curved surface of the nurbs surface of design, then measure with the tested point that measuring head is treated in order-checking row P, obtain surveying sequence Q ';
3) calculate the deviation between actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured, if deviation is less than or equal to machining precision, do not need to adjust;
If there is deviation to be greater than machining precision, treat order-checking row P according to deviation and adjust, be compensated sequence W;
4) according to compensation sequence W, reference mark C is adjusted, be compensated curved surface, according to compensation Machining of Curved Surface, obtain the processing curve less with the nurbs surface error designing.
2. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1), described sequence P to be measured comprises the point of knot vector UV on the corresponding curved surface in node place and the essential characteristic point on curved surface.
3. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described essential characteristic point is curved surface extreme point and curvature minimax point.
4. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 2) in, measure with the tested point that measuring head is treated in order-checking row P, comprising: unload process tool, contact type measurement head is arranged on machine tool chief axis, when measurement, X-axis is consistent with tested point in sequence P to be measured with Y-axis coordinate, obtains Z axis coordinate figure, Z axis coordinate figure need to be eliminated deviation x
wherein R surveys the radius of a ball in contact type measurement head, and θ is measuring point principal direction slope.
5. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described θ is curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction angulation of surveying ball and surface intersection place in contact type measurement head.
6. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 3), calculate the deviation between actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured, treating order-checking row P according to deviation adjusts, be compensated sequence W, specifically comprise: the error between the Z axis coordinate of the tested point that the eyeball in calculating actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured are corresponding, deducts this error at sequence P to be measured and be compensated sequence W.
7. the mismachining tolerance fast detecting compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 4), according to compensation sequence, W adjusts reference mark C, be compensated curved surface, specifically comprise: set machining precision eps, calculate biased sequence D ' according to compensation sequence W and sequence P to be measured, if each Error Absolute Value is all less than or equal to eps in biased sequence D ', curved surface does not need to adjust; If have at least an error d ' absolute value to be greater than eps in biased sequence D ', curved surface needs to adjust; Reference mark C corresponding with the middle d ' of biased sequence D ' on curved surface is adjusted, the amount that the corresponding reference mark C of d ' adjusts is passed through
calculate, wherein
w
i,jthe weight factor being associated with reference mark C, N
i,kand N (u)
j,l(v) be respectively the standard B spline Basis of u to k time and v to l time, ε
i,jfor the vector that the corresponding reference mark C of d ' adjusts, q is the three-dimensional coordinate of tested point corresponding with d ' on curved surface, and q is the three-dimensional coordinate of eyeball corresponding with d ' on curved surface.
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| CN114355841A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波大学 | A Method for Measuring Points Planning in Sub-regions of Complex Surfaces |
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| CN115625595A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-01-20 | 太原理工大学 | A Quantitatively Controlled Blade Polishing Method |
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| CN113977359A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-28 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Hollow fan blade profile grinding and polishing tool path correction method based on wall thickness constraint |
| CN114547786A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-27 | 宁波大学 | Method for planning measuring points of bent and twisted thin-wall blade in consideration of machining deformation |
| CN114355841A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-15 | 宁波大学 | A Method for Measuring Points Planning in Sub-regions of Complex Surfaces |
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