CN103769705B - A kind of Multifunctional main axis mechanism for dark aperture spark machined - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional main shaft mechanism for electric discharge machining of deep and small holes, which belongs to the technical field of micro special machining. The multifunctional spindle mechanism includes a rotating spindle mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a normally closed clip mechanism, a sealing mechanism, a brush mechanism, a wire changing mechanism, a normally open clip mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and a connecting mechanism; the rotating spindle mechanism, a transmission mechanism, and a normally closed clip Mechanism, sealing mechanism, brush mechanism and wire changing mechanism are fixedly installed on the upper mounting plate, and the normally open clip mechanism is installed on the lower mounting plate; the upper mounting plate is connected with the lower mounting plate through a guide mechanism, maintaining a relative freedom of movement in the z direction ; The upper mounting plate is connected to the z-axis top plate through a connecting mechanism, and the lower mounting plate is connected to the z-axis bottom plate through a connecting mechanism. The mechanism is oriented to the film cooling group hole processing on the hot end parts of aero-engines and gas turbines, and can realize multiple functions of the tool electrode's forward-push creep feeding, high-precision rotation, hollow high-pressure flushing, and online electrode replacement.

Description

A Multifunctional Spindle Mechanism for Deep and Small Hole EDM

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro special processing, and in particular relates to a multifunctional spindle mechanism for electric discharge machining of deep and small holes.

Background technique

The aero-engine is developing towards a high thrust-to-weight ratio and low fuel consumption. The key to improving engine performance is to increase the gas temperature before the turbine. Since the temperature in front of the turbine has exceeded the temperature limit of the turbine blade material, film cooling technology is widely used to reduce the temperature of the turbine blade wall. In order to improve the cooling efficiency and reduce the amount of cooling gas, the air film holes on the turbine blades and flame tubes of aero-engines are required to have small apertures, variable apertures (Φ0.2-0.8mm), complex spatial positions, and large numbers (dozens of holes on a single part) from one to several hundred). Similar to aeroengine turbine blades, gas turbine blades are also designed with film cooling holes.

EDM machining of deep and small holes such as gas film holes has the advantages of low equipment cost, high processing efficiency, and thin recasting layer thickness. However, due to the large depth-to-diameter ratio of the deep and small holes of the air film cooling hole and the rapid electrode wear, it is not only necessary to use a slender hollow electrode with a length of 200-400mm, but also requires the wire feeding spindle to have electrode feed compensation, electrode hollow high-pressure internal flushing , Electrode high-precision rotation, electrode easy to replace a variety of functions.

At present, the spindle mechanism for deep and small holes such as gas film holes mainly uses the electrode chuck and high-pressure flushing liquid sealing structure integrated on the rotating spindle. The chuck clamps the rear end of the electrode and the front end of the electrode is restricted by the guide. , Feed compensation electrode loss. This kind of push-back spindle structure has the problem of long electrode length and low rigidity between the chuck and the guide, which may cause two disadvantages: if the gap between the guide and the electrode is too large, the rotation radial runout error at the end of the electrode will be large, Affects the aperture accuracy and processing efficiency; if the gap between the guide and the electrode is too small, the electrode advances and retreats with greater frictional resistance and is prone to bending. Moreover, this kind of spindle mechanism often adopts the sealing plug to compress the electrode, which makes the operation process of electrode replacement not easy enough.

In the small-sized micro-hole (diameter Φ0.1 ~ 0.3mm) EDM, the peristaltic feed spindle mechanism has been adopted, through the alternate opening and closing of the normally closed clip and the normally open clip and the relative feed movement of the double clips, It can realize the close-distance feeding of the electrode and the guide directly at the lower end of the micro-electrode. In this way, the electrode between the electrode clamp and the guide is short and has high rigidity, which can avoid the feeding bending of the fine electrode. However, for the processing of special high-temperature materials for aero-engines and gas turbines, and a large number of film cooling holes on a single blade, in order to achieve high efficiency, high dimensional accuracy, and process a group of holes in one clamping, it is also required to hollow the electrode with high-pressure flushing, high-precision rotation, A multifunctional spindle mechanism that combines the function of automatic electrode replacement and creep feed.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole EDM, which is characterized in that the multifunctional spindle mechanism includes a rotating spindle mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a normally closed clip mechanism, Sealing mechanism, electric brush mechanism, wire changing mechanism, normally open clip mechanism, guiding mechanism, connecting mechanism; rotating spindle mechanism, transmission mechanism, normally closed clip mechanism, sealing mechanism, electric brush mechanism and wire changing mechanism are fixedly installed on the upper mounting plate 16, the normally open clip mechanism is installed on the lower mounting plate 11; the upper mounting plate 16 is connected with the lower mounting plate 11 through a guiding mechanism, maintaining a relative movement freedom in the z direction; the upper mounting plate 16 is connected with the z-axis top plate 6 through a connecting mechanism , the lower mounting plate 11 is connected to the z-axis bottom plate 1 through a connecting mechanism.

The specific connection relationship of the rotating spindle mechanism is as follows: the sleeve 54 is in clearance fit with the rotating spindle 45, the rotating spindle 45 is in interference fit with the upper angular contact bearing 49 and the inner ring of the lower angular contact bearing 58, and the outer ring of the upper angular contact bearing 49 is in contact with the upper ring. Bearing seat 50 transition fit, lower angular contact bearing 58 outer ring and lower bearing seat 59 transition fit, upper bearing gland 48 and upper bearing seat 50 are fixedly connected with eighth screw 47, upper bearing gland 48 presses upper angular contact bearing 49 The outer ring pre-tightens the upper angular contact bearing 49, the lower angular contact bearing 58, the lower bearing gland 57 and the lower bearing seat 59 are fixedly connected by the ninth screw 56, the fourth sealing ring 46 is in a circular groove with the rotating main shaft 45, and the upper bearing gland 48 Squeeze connection, the dustproof sealing ring 55 is connected with the round groove of the lower bearing gland 57 and the sleeve 54 by extrusion, the upper bearing seat 50, the lower bearing seat 59 and the transition plate 19 are fixedly connected with the fourth screw 23, and the transition plate 19 and The upper mounting plate 16 is fixedly connected with the fifth screw 24, and the large synchronous pulley 53 is connected with the rotating main shaft 45 with the flat key 51 and the second circlip 52.

The specific connection relationship of the transmission mechanism is as follows: the push rod 65 passes through the rectangular horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45 for circumferential positioning, cooperates with the lower pressing block 84 and the pressing block 83 for radial positioning, and the upper pressing plate 64, the lower pressing plate 66 and The push rod 65 is fixedly connected by bolts 67 and nuts 68, the radial lock nut 70 is fixedly connected with the fine thread of the rotating main shaft 45, the radial lock nut 70 is connected with the lower pressure plate 66 by the second compression spring 69, and the centering plate 71 is bonded and firmly connected with the radial lock nut 70, the first electromagnet 62 is threadedly connected with the electromagnet bracket 63, the electromagnet bracket 63 is fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate 16 with the second screw 15, and the two first electromagnets 62 is installed symmetrically with respect to the rotating main shaft 45, and the power transmitted by the upper platen 64 and the lower platen 66 is provided by the first electromagnet 62, so that the first electromagnet 62 pushes the push rod 65 and the combined force direction is downward.

The specific connection relationship of the normally closed clip mechanism is: the normally closed clip member is installed on the normally closed clip sleeve 79, the normally closed clip sleeve 79 is connected to the rotating main shaft 45 with a set screw 82, and the locking hoop 77 is connected to the normally closed clip sleeve 79. Closed clip sleeve 79 is fixedly connected with interference fit; briquetting block 83 is fixedly connected with two-claw chuck 78 with interference fit, and briquetting block 83 is clearance-fitted with normally closed clip sleeve 79, and is used for third compression with normally closed clip sleeve 79 The spring 81 is connected, the third compression spring 81 is isolated from the normally closed clamp sleeve 79 by the first gasket 80, the locking hoop 77 is matched with the outer tapered surface of the two-jaw chuck 78, and the push rod 65 is matched with the pressure block 83 in clearance;

The normally closed clip mechanism is powered by the first electromagnet 62, and the power is transmitted by the upper platen 64 and the lower platen 66 to realize electrode creep feed and high-precision rotation separation control, and to realize opening and closing at any rotational circumferential position of the rotating spindle 45 Control; the executive part of the normally closed clamp mechanism is a two-jaw chuck 78 with a tapered surface, which realizes the precise control of the clamping force, opening and closing position and stroke of the electrode 10; in realizing EDM, the normally closed clamp mechanism The electrode 10 is driven to servo-feed and rotate at the same time.

The specific connection relationship of the sealing mechanism is as follows: the guide block 88, the elastic sealing plug 85, the lower block 84 and the rotating main shaft 45 have a clearance fit, are sequentially loaded into the inner hole of the rotating main shaft 45, and are axially positioned by the inner shaft shoulder of the rotating main shaft 45 ; The elastic sealing plug 85 is connected with the guide pressing block 88 through the fourth compression spring 87 and the second gasket 86, the protruding shaft of the elastic sealing plug 85 is matched with the tapered surface of the guiding pressing block 88, and the lower pressing block 84 is in clearance fit with the push rod 65 ;

The sealing mechanism realizes the sealing of the high-pressure working fluid in the inner cavity of the main shaft when the electrode 10 is fed through the cooperation of the outer cylindrical surface of the electrode 10 and the inner conical surface of the elastic sealing plug 85; in order to realize the separation of the elastic sealing plug 85 from the electrode 10, the elastic seal is opened and closed. controllable way.

The specific connection relationship of the brush mechanism is: two semicircular insulating sleeves 60 are docked with the rotating main shaft 45 for clearance fit, axially positioned, the conductive ring 61 is bonded and fixedly connected with the insulating sleeve 60; the brush holder 91 is connected with the electromagnetic The iron bracket 63 is fixedly connected, the electric brush 89 and the insulating tube 90 are in clearance fit, the insulating tube 90 is in clearance fit with the brush holder 91, the Phillips screw 92 is threaded to the brush holder 91, and the brush 89 and the Phillips screw 92 are compressed by the fifth The spring 94 is connected, the Phillips screw 92 is connected with the fifth compression spring 94 with an insulating washer 93; the brush 89 is connected with a pole of the pulse power supply with a wire, the brush 89 is squeezed and connected with the conductive ring 61, and the conductive ring 61 is connected with the locking hoop 77 are connected with wires;

The brush mechanism uses a separate insulating structure to connect the rotating spindle 45 and the conductive ring 61 to realize electrical isolation between the conductive ring 61 and the rotating spindle 45, thereby realizing electrical isolation of the rotating spindle 45 while supplying power to the electrode 10.

The specific connection relationship of the wire changing mechanism is: the water tank 29 is fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate 16 with screws, the water pipe 25 is fixed with the upper mounting plate 16 with the sixth screw 28, and the first sealing ring 27, the first retaining ring 26 and the water tank 29 are extruded and connected, the rotating main shaft 45 is extruded and connected with the water tank 29 through the third seal ring 43 and the second retaining ring 44, the axis of the rotating main shaft 45 coincides with the axis of the lower thread hole of the water tank 29; the upper guide 37 and the silk changing shaft 39 transition fits, the lower guide 42 and the thread changing shaft 39 are clearance fit and connected with splines, n root silk storage tubes 38 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and are spaced with the upper guide 37 and the lower guide 42; The gap between the sleeves of 16 cooperates with the radial positioning, the wire changing shaft 39 is squeezed and connected with the water tank 29 by the second sealing ring 41, the water tank gland 30 is fixedly connected with the water tank 29 with the seventh screw 40, the water tank gland 30 is connected with the wire changing shaft 39 is connected with the first compression spring 32, the first compression spring 32 is isolated from the wear-resistant gasket 31 with the wire changing shaft 39, the lower guide 42 is squeezed and connected with the water tank 29, and the axis of the lower wire hole in the water tank 29 is at the wire storage tube 38 On the circumference; the ratchet 33 and the wire changing shaft 39 are fixedly connected by the flat key 34 and the first elastic retaining ring 35, the handle 36 and the wire changing shaft 39 are positioned radially with clearance, and the handle 36 is matched with the rectangular groove in the right support 96 Axial positioning; ratchet 101 is connected with handle 36 with pin shaft 113, cotter pin 112, and the two ends of torsion spring 114 stretch into ratchet 101, handle 36 keyways respectively to ensure ratchet 101 and ratchet 33 stable pressing; Positioning block 95, The third spacer 98 and the right support 96 are fixedly connected with the eleventh screw 97; the bearing pin 100 is fitted with the right support 96 in clearance, and is connected with the handle 36 with the extension spring 99;

The wire changing mechanism pushes the wire changing shaft 39 to rotate through the ratchet wheel 33, and ensures the rotation angle of the ratchet wheel 33 through the positioning block 95, so that the electrode automatically falls to replace the electrode; after the wire changing shaft 39 is rotated to change the wire, it rotates through the lower guide 42 Squeeze to realize the switching of wire changing, wire changing shaft 39 and water tank 29 sealing functions.

The wear-resistant gasket 31 and the lower guide 42 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which reduces the sliding friction with the water tank 29 and reduces loss.

The specific connection relationship of the normally open clip mechanism is: the normally open clip bracket 72 is fixedly connected with the lower mounting plate 11 with the first screw 12, the normally open clip sleeve 73 is fixedly connected with the normally open clip bracket 72, the guide seat 74 is connected with the The normally open clip sleeve 73 is clearance fit and threaded, and the guide 75 is in clearance fit with the guide seat 74. The normally open clip sleeve 73 fixes the guide 75 in the axial direction; the normally open clip static pressure block 102 and the normally open clip sleeve 73 bonding and fixed connection, the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 and the normally open clip sleeve 73 are in clearance fit, the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 and the normally open clip sleeve 73 are connected by the sixth compression spring 104 and the fourth gasket 105 The pin shaft seat 109 is fixedly connected with the normally open clip bracket 72, the pin shaft 107 is in clearance fit with the pin shaft seat 109, positioned by the cotter pin, the connecting rod 108 is in clearance fit with the pin shaft 107, the ball 106 is in contact with the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 Clearance fit, the connecting rod 108 is connected with the dynamic pressure block 103 of the normally open clip through the ball 106, the second electromagnet 110 is threaded with the normally open clip bracket 72, and the connecting rod 108 is pressed;

The normally open clip mechanism adjusts the pretightening force of the sixth compression spring 104 by replacing the fourth gasket 105 with different thickness, and balances the thrust of the second electromagnet 110 to change the rotation angle of the connecting rod 108 to realize the stroke control of the dynamic pressure block 103 of the normally open clip , so as to realize the control of the clamping force of the electrode 10 by the normally open clip mechanism; the circular motion of the connecting rod 108 is converted into the linear motion of the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 by rolling the ball 106, avoiding the connection rod 108 and the normally open clip dynamic pressure block The relative sliding generated when 103 is directly connected reduces wear and improves the accuracy of repeated motion; through the relative movement of the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 and the normally open clip static pressure block 102, the opening and closing of the normally open clip mechanism is realized, thereby realizing the electrode 10 Clamping and loosening.

The guide mechanism is two cylindrical pins, the first cylindrical pin is threadedly connected with the lower mounting plate 11, and the pin shaft is guided, and the second cylindrical pin is clearance-fitted with the upper mounting plate 16, and the pin shaft is guided;

The cylindrical pins in the guide mechanism ensure the axial alignment accuracy of the normally closed clip mechanism on the upper mounting plate 16 and the normally open clip mechanism on the lower mounting plate 11 during relative movement;

The peristaltic feeding of the electrode is comprehensively realized through the guidance of the guiding mechanism, the coordinated opening and closing of the normally closed clip mechanism and the normally open clip mechanism, and the axial feed drive of the normally closed clip.

The connection mechanism includes a clamping mechanism, a water connection mechanism, and an electrical connection mechanism;

The clamping mechanism is a combined chuck, the upper pneumatic chuck 8, the upper pull nail 22, and the upper positioning piece 21 are combined chucks, and the upper mounting plate 16 and the z-axis top plate 6 pass through the upper pneumatic chuck 8, the positioning piece 21, The upper pull nail 22 is fixedly connected; the lower pneumatic chuck 3, the lower nail 14, and the lower positioning piece 13 are combined chucks, and the lower mounting plate 11 and the z-axis bottom plate 1 pass through the lower pneumatic chuck 3, the lower positioning piece 13, and the lower nail 14 Fixed;

The water connection mechanism includes an adapter water pipe 9 and a water pipe 25, the adapter water pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the z-axis top plate 6, the water pipe 25 is fixedly connected to the upper mounting plate 16, and the water pipe 25 and the adapter water pipe 9 pass through the first sealing ring 27, The first retaining ring 26 is extruded and connected;

Described electrical connection mechanism comprises electric plug 18 and electric socket 5, and electric plug support 17 is connected with upper mounting plate 16, and electric plug 18 is connected with electric plug support 17, and electric plug 18 and electric socket 5 are aviation plugs, and electric socket The bracket 4 is fixedly connected with the z-axis top plate 6 , and the electric socket 5 is fixedly connected with the electric socket bracket 4 .

The structure of the water tank 29 is used for the electrode hollow high-pressure liquid flushing to realize the flow and supply of high-pressure coolant when the electrode 10 rotates; the transfer pipe 9 and the water pipe 25 are statically sealed by the O-ring to supply the water tank 29 with high-pressure liquid; the rotating main shaft 45 The high-pressure working fluid in the water tank 29 flows to the inner cavity of the rotating main shaft 45 when the rotating main shaft 45 drives the electrode to rotate through the dynamic sealing of the O-shaped sealing ring.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention can realize functions such as electrode-forward peristaltic feeding, high-precision rotation, and hollow high-pressure flushing, which is conducive to improving the electrode feeding stiffness and spindle servo stability, and improving the dimensional accuracy and depth-to-diameter ratio of deep and small holes. Improve chip removal ability and improve processing efficiency.

2. The power is provided by the symmetrical arrangement of the electromagnet, and the power is transmitted through the fixed connection of the disc block (upper platen and lower platen) with the push rod and the rotating spindle, so as to realize the electrode peristaltic feed and high-precision rotation separation control, and can be rotated The arbitrary circumferential position of the main shaft controls the opening and closing of the sealing mechanism and the normally closed clip mechanism. This symmetrical structure is beneficial to power transmission and output power control, and does not require positioning requirements for the rotation angle of the main shaft, which can reduce hardware costs and is easy to control.

3. The two-jaw chuck with the conical surface can realize the precise control of the electrode clamping force, opening and closing position, and stroke, and the symmetrical structure of the two-jaw chuck can improve the stability of the spindle rotation movement and the electrode servo feed movement.

4. The sealing of the high-pressure flushing liquid on the electrode is designed as a controllable opening and closing method, which not only realizes the sealing of the inner cavity of the rotating spindle when it is closed, but also facilitates the peristaltic feeding and replacement of the electrode when it is opened. The disc-shaped block is used to transmit power, the push rod synchronously drives the normally closed clip mechanism, and the sealing mechanism opens and closes, which effectively simplifies the structure and makes the control easier.

5. A separate insulation structure is used to realize the insulation of the electrode power supply and the rotating spindle, and a conductive ring with a small radial size is used to directly connect the processing pulse power to the tool electrode. In this way, when the main shaft rotates, the small radial dimension of the conductive ring can reduce the sliding friction speed of the brush in contact with it, so as to reduce the wear of the brush; the direct connection mode of pulse electricity can reduce the resistance during the conduction process of pulse electricity, which is beneficial to reduce Power loss during pulsed electrical conduction.

6. Through the wire changing mechanism, multiple electrodes can be replaced online, and the ratchet mechanism can be used to precisely control the rotation angle, lower guide and water tank extrusion connection to realize wire changing and sealing function switching. This online wire changing method can reduce the wire changing time and solve the high-pressure working fluid sealing problem caused by the wire changing.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of the multifunctional spindle;

Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the upper mounting plate;

Fig. 3 is a closed structure diagram of a normally closed clip;

Fig. 4 is the opening structure diagram of the normally open clip;

Fig. 5 is a sealed closed structure diagram;

Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of sealing and opening;

Fig. 7 is a push rod structural diagram;

Figure 8 is a structural diagram of the brush;

Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of the silk changing shaft;

Fig. 10 is a structural diagram of the spline of the thread changing shaft;

Fig. 11 is a structure diagram of the ratchet of the thread changing shaft;

Figure 12 is a pawl positioning structure diagram;

Figure 13 is a structural diagram of the lower mounting plate;

Fig. 14 is the opening structure diagram of the normally open clip;

Figure 15 is a closed structure diagram of the normally open clip;

Figure 16 is a Z-axis structure diagram;

Among them: 1-z-axis bottom plate; 2-lower pneumatic chuck pad; 3-lower pneumatic chuck; 4-electric socket bracket; 5-electric socket; 6-z-axis top plate; 7-z-axis guide rail; 8-up Pneumatic chuck; 9-transfer water pipe; 10-electrode; 11-lower mounting plate; 12-first screw; 13-lower positioning piece; 14-pull-down nail; 15-second screw; 16-upper mounting plate; 17 -electric plug bracket; 18-electric plug; 19-transition plate; 20-third screw; 21-upper positioning piece; 22-pull nail; 23-fourth screw; 24-fifth screw; - the first retaining ring; 27- the first sealing ring; 28- the sixth screw; 29- water tank; 30- water tank gland; 31- wear-resistant gasket; 32- the first compression spring; Key; 35-the first elastic retaining ring; 36-handle; 37-upper guide; 38-silk storage tube; 39-filament changing shaft; 40-seventh screw; 41-second sealing ring; - the third sealing ring; 44- the second retaining ring; 45- the rotating main shaft; 46- the fourth sealing ring; 47- the eighth screw; 48- the upper bearing cover; 49- the upper angular contact bearing; ;51-flat key; 52-second circlip; 53-big synchronous pulley; 54-sleeve; 55-dust seal ring; 56-ninth screw; 57-lower bearing gland; Bearing; 59-lower bearing seat; 60-insulating sleeve; 61-conductive ring; 62-first electromagnet; 63-electromagnet bracket; 64-upper pressure plate; 65-push rod; 66-lower pressure plate; 67 -bolt; 68-nut; 69-second compression spring; 70-radial lock nut; 71-aligning disc; 72-normally open clip bracket; 73-normally open clip sleeve; -guide; 76-workpiece; 77-locking hoop; 78-two-jaw chuck; 79-normally closed clip sleeve; 80-first gasket; 81-third compression spring; 82-set screw; 83 -pressing block; 84-lower pressing block; 85-elastic sealing plug; 86-second gasket; 87-fourth compression spring; 88-guiding pressing block; 89-electric brush; 90-insulating tube; 91-electric brush Seat; 92-the tenth screw; 93-insulating gasket; 94-the fifth compression spring; 95-location block; 96-right support; 97-the eleventh screw; 98-the third gasket; 100-first pin shaft; 101-pawl; 102-normally open clip static pressure block; 103-normally open clip dynamic pressure block; 104-sixth compression spring; 105-fourth gasket; 106-ball; 107- 108-connecting rod; 109-pin seat; 110-the second electromagnet; 112-cotter pin; 113-the third bearing pin; 114-torsion spring.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

1. Mechanical constitution and assembly connection relationship of the present invention

The multifunctional spindle mechanism used for deep and small hole EDM, as shown in Figure 1-16, the multifunctional spindle mechanism includes a rotating spindle mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a normally closed clip mechanism, a sealing mechanism, an electric brush mechanism, and a wire changing mechanism. Mechanism, normally open clip mechanism, guide mechanism, connecting mechanism; rotating spindle mechanism, transmission mechanism, normally closed clip mechanism, sealing mechanism, electric brush mechanism and wire changing mechanism are fixedly installed on the upper mounting plate 16, and the normally open clip mechanism is installed on the lower On the mounting plate 11; the upper mounting plate 16 is connected with the lower mounting plate 11 through a guide mechanism, maintaining a relative movement freedom in the z direction; the upper mounting plate 16 is connected with the z-axis top plate 6 through a connecting mechanism, and the lower mounting plate 11 is connected through a connecting mechanism to the z-axis base plate 1.

The rotary spindle mechanism is shown in Figures 1-2. The specific connection relationship of the rotary spindle mechanism is: the sleeve 54 is in clearance fit with the rotary spindle 45, and the rotary spindle 45 is in interference fit with the upper angular contact bearing 49 and the inner ring of the lower angular contact bearing 58. , the outer ring of the upper angular contact bearing 49 is transition fit with the upper bearing seat 50, the outer ring of the lower angular contact bearing 58 is transition fit with the lower bearing seat 59, the upper bearing gland 48 is fixedly connected with the upper bearing seat 50 with the eighth screw 47, and the upper bearing The gland 48 presses the upper angular contact bearing 49 and the outer ring pre-tightens the upper angular contact bearing 49 and the lower angular contact bearing 58, the lower bearing gland 57 and the lower bearing seat 59 are fixedly connected with the ninth screw 56, and the fourth sealing ring 46 is connected with the rotating Main shaft 45 round groove, upper bearing gland 48 extrusion connection, dustproof sealing ring 55 and lower bearing gland 57 round groove, sleeve 54 extrusion connection, upper bearing seat 50, lower bearing seat 59 and transition plate 19 use the first Four screws 23 are fixedly connected, the transition plate 19 is connected with the fifth screw 24 of the upper mounting plate 16, and the large synchronous pulley 53 is connected with the flat key 51 and the second circlip 52 with the rotating main shaft 45.

The transmission mechanism is shown in Figure 2-Figure 8. The specific connection relationship of the transmission mechanism is: the push rod 65 passes through the rectangular horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45 for circumferential positioning, cooperates with the lower pressing block 84 and the pressing block 83 for radial positioning, and the upper pressing block 84 The pressure plate 64, the lower pressure plate 66 and the push rod 65 are fixedly connected by bolts 67 and nuts 68, the radial lock nut 70 is fixedly connected with the fine thread of the rotating main shaft 45, and the radial lock nut 70 and the lower pressure plate 66 are connected by the first The two compression springs 69 are connected, the self-aligning disk 71 is bonded and fixedly connected with the radial lock nut 70, the first electromagnet 62 is connected with the electromagnet bracket 63 with threads, and the electromagnet bracket 63 and the upper mounting plate 16 are connected with the second screw 15 Fixedly connected, the two first electromagnets 62 are installed symmetrically with respect to the rotating main shaft 45, the first electromagnet 62 has a certain distance from the upper pressure plate 64 when it is powered off, and the electromagnet 62 is energized and elongated to push the upper pressure plate 64 and the push rod 65 to Move down.

Wherein, the certain distance between the first electromagnet 62 power-off and the upper pressure plate 64 depends on the moving range of the electromagnet push rod. The distance between the pressure plate 64 is about 0.5 mm, that is, there is a gap of 0.5 mm between the first electromagnet 62 and the upper pressure plate 64 when the power is off, and the push rod of the first electromagnet 62 moves 1 mm when the power is turned on, pushing the upper pressure plate 64 to move 0.5 mm .

The normally closed clip mechanism is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The specific connection relationship of the normally closed clip mechanism is: normally closed clip components (locking hoop 77, two-jaw chuck 78, first gasket 80, third compression spring 81 , briquetting block 83) is installed on the normally closed clip sleeve 79, the normally closed clip sleeve 79 is fixedly connected with the rotating main shaft 45 with the set screw 82, and the locking hoop 77 is fixedly connected with the normally closed clip sleeve 79 with interference fit; The briquetting block 83 is fixedly connected with the two-jaw chuck 78 with an interference fit, the briquetting block 83 is in clearance fit with the normally closed clip sleeve 79, and is connected with the normally closed clip sleeve 79 with the third compression spring 81, and the third compression spring 81 is connected with the normally closed clip sleeve 79. The closed clip sleeve 79 is isolated by the first gasket 80, the locking hoop 77 cooperates with the outer tapered surface of the two-jaw chuck 78, and the push rod 65 and the pressure block 83 are clearance-fit; position, there is a certain distance between the push rod 65 and the pressure block 83 in the axial direction, and the two-jaw chuck 78 presses the locking hoop 77 to clamp the electrode 10; the push rod 65 moves downward, pushing the pressure block 83 and the two-jaw chuck 78 to Moving down and away from the locking band 77, the two-jaw chuck 78 recovers its shape, releasing the electrode 10.

The normally closed clip actuator is a two-jaw chuck 78 with a tapered surface fit, which can realize precise control of the clamping force, opening and closing position and stroke of the electrode 10 . The normally closed clip makes the two-jaw chuck 78 elastically deform to clamp and loosen the electrode 10 through the cooperation of the conical surface and the inner cylindrical surface; by replacing the gasket 80 with different thickness and adjusting the preload of the compression spring 81, the locking can be adjusted The clamping force of the hoop 77 on the two-jaw chuck 78 realizes precise control of the clamping force of the two-jaw chuck 78 on the electrode 10 and ensures that the two-jaw chuck 78 clamps the electrode 10 stably. The opening and closing position and stroke are precisely controlled by changing the slot width of the two jaws of the two-jaw chuck 78 and the taper angle of the outer cone surface of the chuck.

The sealing mechanism is shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. The specific connection relationship of the sealing mechanism is: the guide block 88, the elastic sealing plug 85, the lower pressing block 84 and the rotating main shaft 45 are in clearance fit, and are sequentially loaded into the inner hole of the rotating main shaft 45, and pass through The inner shaft shoulder of the rotating main shaft 45 is axially positioned, the protruding shaft of the elastic sealing plug 85 cooperates with the tapered surface of the guide pressing block 88, and the lower pressing block 84 cooperates with the push rod 65 in clearance; the elastic sealing plug 85 and the guiding pressing block 88 pass through the fourth compression The spring 87 is connected to the second washer 86, and the fourth compression spring 87 is preloaded. The push rod 65 cooperates with the circumferential positioning of the rectangular horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45 gaps, and coordinates the radial positioning with the lower pressure block 84 and the pressing block 83 clearance, and the push rod 65 moves axially in the rectangular horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45.

The sealing mechanism adopts the matching method between the outer cylindrical surface of the tool electrode 10 and the inner conical surface of the elastic sealing plug 85, that is, under the pressure of the push rod 65, the elastic sealing plug 85 deforms and compresses the electrode, so that the high-pressure working fluid can flow in the inner cavity of the main shaft when the electrode 10 is fed. seal. In the non-deformed state, the inner hole of the elastic sealing plug 85 is about 0.3mm larger than the diameter of the electrode 10. The push rod 65 pushes the lower pressing block 84 and the elastic sealing plug 85 to move upwards, and the outer cylindrical surface of the inner convex shaft of the elastic sealing plug 85 presses the guiding pressing block 88 inner conical surface, the protrusion deforms elastically inwardly in the axial direction, the inner hole of the elastic sealing plug 85 shrinks and compresses the electrode 10, the outer ring of the elastic sealing plug 85 is pressed against the bottom surface of the guide block 88, and the outer ring of the elastic sealing plug 85 elastically deforms outward Compress the inner cavity of the rotating main shaft 45 to realize the sealing of the high-pressure working fluid in the inner cavity of the rotating main shaft 45 on the upper part of the elastic sealing plug 85 , and the high-pressure working fluid flows to the workpiece 76 through the hollow inner cavity of the electrode 10 .

In order to separate the elastic seal plug 85 from the tool electrode 10 when the electrode is creeping or replacing the electrode, the elastic seal is designed in a controllable opening and closing mode; the power is transmitted through the upper pressure plate 64 and the lower pressure plate 66 to reach The rod 65 and the push rod 65 synchronously drive the opening and closing of the normally closed clip and the opening and closing of the elastic sealing plug 85 . The push rod 65 is at the limit position on the rectangular horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45. There is a certain distance between the briquetting block 83 and the push rod 65. The normally open clip mechanism is closed, and the push rod 65 pushes the lower briquetting block 84 to seal and close. The push rod 65 moves downward along the rectangular horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45, pushes the pressing block 83, the normally closed clip mechanism opens, and the elastic sealing plug 85 leaves the guide pressing block 88 under the pretightening force of the fourth compression spring 87, and the elastic sealing plug 85 Return to shape and the seal breaks.

The brush mechanism is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 8. The specific connection relationship of the brush mechanism is: two semicircular insulating sleeves 60 are docked with the rotating main shaft 45 for clearance fit, axial positioning, the conductive ring 61 is glued to the insulating sleeve 60 The brush holder 91 is fixedly connected with the electromagnet support 63, the electric brush 89 and the insulating tube 90 are in clearance fit, the insulating tube 90 is in clearance fit with the brush holder 91, the Phillips screw 92 is threaded with the brush holder 91, and the electric The brush 89 is connected with the cross screw 92 with the fifth compression spring 94, and the cross screw 92 is connected with the fifth compression spring 94 with the insulating gasket 93; Pressure connection, the conductive ring 61 is connected with the locking band 77 with a wire.

The brush mechanism uses a separate insulating structure to connect the rotating spindle 45 and the conductive ring 61 to realize electrical isolation between the conductive ring 61 and the rotating spindle 45, thereby realizing electrical isolation of the rotating spindle 45 while supplying power to the electrode 10.

As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 9-Fig. 12 for the wire changing mechanism, the specific connection relationship of the wire changing mechanism is: the water tank 29 is fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate 16 with screws, and the water pipe 25 and the upper mounting plate 16 are fixed with the sixth screw 28. Connected, through the extrusion connection of the first sealing ring 27, the first retaining ring 26 and the water tank 29; The axis of the lower thread hole coincides; the upper guide 37 is in transition fit with the thread changer shaft 39, the lower guide 42 and the thread changer shaft 39 are in clearance fit and connected by splines, n pieces of silk storage tubes 38 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and there is a gap between the upper guide 37 and the lower guide 42 Cooperate; the wire changing shaft 39 and the sleeve gap fixedly connected to the upper mounting plate 16 cooperate with radial positioning, the wire changing shaft 39 and the water tank 29 are squeezed and connected with the second seal ring 41, and the water tank gland 30 and the water tank 29 are connected with the seventh sealing ring 41. The screw 40 is fixedly connected, the water tank gland 30 is connected with the first compression spring 32 with the wire changing shaft 39, the first compression spring 32 is isolated with the wear-resistant gasket 31 with the wire changing shaft 39, and the lower guide 42 is squeezed and connected with the water tank 29, The axis of the lower wire hole in the water tank 29 is on the circumference of the wire storage tube 38; the ratchet 33 and the wire changing shaft 39 are fixedly connected by the flat key 34 and the first elastic circlip 35, and the handle 36 and the wire changing shaft 39 are radially positioned with clearance , the handle 36 and the rectangular groove clearance in the right support 96 coordinate axial positioning; the ratchet 101 is connected with the handle 36 with a pin shaft 113 and a cotter pin 112, and the two ends of the torsion spring 114 respectively extend into the ratchet 101 and the keyway of the handle 36 to ensure that the ratchet Claw 101 and ratchet 33 are stably pressed together; positioning block 95, third spacer 98 are fixedly connected with right support 96 with eleventh screw 97; pin shaft 100 is clearance fit with right support 96, and is connected with handle 36 with extension spring 99;

The wire change mechanism is designed as a wire change shaft 39 that can arrange multiple electrodes in a circle. The ratchet 33 is used to push the wire change shaft 39 to rotate, and the positioning block 95 is used to limit the rotation angle of the ratchet 33, so that the electrode automatically falls to replace the electrode. By changing the position of the positioning block 95 by changing the third spacer 98 with different thicknesses, the limit rotation angle of the handle 36 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the rotation angle of the wire changing shaft 39, and ensuring the relative position of the wire storage tube 38 and the lower wire hole of the water tank 29 when changing wires.

The specific action process is: the electrode 10 falls freely on the upper part of the axis of the rotating spindle 45 without restraint, and stops when it reaches the closed normally open clip mechanism, so as to realize the online installation of the electrode 10 . The axis of the wire storage tube 38 coincides with the axis of the rotating main shaft 45, and the electrode 10 in the wire storage tube 38 falls freely under the action of gravity. Under the condition that the seal is opened, the normally closed clip is opened, and the normally open clip is closed, the electrode 10 reaches the normally open clip mechanism stop at the position, the wire changing mechanism creeps to feed the electrode 10 to the set position; the electrode 10 in the rotating spindle 45 is worn out, the normally closed clip mechanism, the sealing mechanism, and the normally open clip mechanism are opened, and the high-pressure working fluid is started to rush the electrode 10 out of the replacement. Wire mechanism, so as to realize the replacement process of wire loading and unloading.

After the wire changing shaft 39 rotates and changes the wire, the lower guide 42 of the polytetrafluoroethylene material rotates and extrudes to realize changing the wire, changing the wire shaft 39 and the sealing function switching of the water tank 29. The surface of the water tank 29 and the bottom surface of the lower guide 42 are extruded and connected by the first compression spring 32. The lower guide 42 is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and corresponds to the lower silk holes of the n silk storage tubes 38. hole, the silk changing shaft 39 is isolated from the inner cavity of the water tank 29 to realize sealing; the positioning block 95 limits the handle 36, and the limit rotation angle of the silk changing shaft 39 is 1/2n circle each time, and the ratchet 33 rotates intermittently, and the water tank 29 lower silk holes are respectively Corresponding to the plane between the lower wire holes of the lower guide 42 and the lower wire holes of the lower guide 42, the wire changing and sealing function switching are realized; the lower guide 42 adopts polytetrafluoroethylene material to reduce sliding friction with the water tank 29.

The specific action process: the lower guide 42 rotates with the wire changing shaft 39, the axis of the wire storage tube 38 coincides with the axis of the lower wire hole of the water tank 29, and the electrode 10 falls to replace; The plane between the guide 42 holes is pressed tightly to realize the sealing of the water tank 29; the wire changing shaft 39 continues to rotate 1/2n circle, and the next electrode is replaced, so that the wire changing and sealing function can be switched by pushing the wire changing shaft 39 to rotate 1/2n circle . The materials of wear-resistant pad 31 and lower guide 42 are polytetrafluoroethylene, which can reduce sliding friction and reduce wear and tear.

The normally open clip mechanism and the guide mechanism are shown in Figures 1 and 13-15. The specific connection relationship of the normally open clip mechanism is: normally open clip components (normally open clip static pressure block 102, normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103, Compression spring 104, spacer 104, ball 106) are installed on the normally open clip sleeve 73, normally open clip sleeve 73 is connected with normally open clip support 72, normally open clip support 72 and lower mounting plate 11 use the first The screw 12 is fixedly connected, the guider seat 74 and the normally open clip sleeve 73 are clearance fit and threaded, the guider 75 is clearance fit with the guider seat 74, and the normally open clip sleeve 73 axially fixes the guider 75; the normally open clip The static pressure block 102 is bonded and fixedly connected with the normally open clip sleeve 73, the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 is in clearance fit with the normally open clip sleeve 73, and the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 and the normally open clip sleeve 73 use the sixth The compression spring 104 and the fourth spacer 105 are connected; the pin shaft seat 109 is fixedly connected with the normally open clip bracket 72, the pin shaft 107 is in clearance fit with the pin shaft seat 109, positioned by the cotter pin, the connecting rod 108 is in clearance fit with the pin shaft 107, The ball 106 is in clearance fit with the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103, the connecting rod 108 is connected with the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 through the ball 106, the second electromagnet 110 is threadedly connected with the normally open clip bracket 72, and the connecting rod 108 is pressed;

The normally open clip mechanism adjusts the pretightening force of the sixth compression spring 104 by replacing the fourth gasket 105 with different thickness, and balances the thrust of the second electromagnet 110 to change the rotation angle of the connecting rod 108 to realize the stroke control of the dynamic pressure block 103 of the normally open clip , so as to realize the control of the clamping force of the electrode 10 by the normally open clamp mechanism.

The normally open clip mechanism converts the circular motion of the connecting rod 108 into the linear motion of the normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 by using the rolling connection of the ball 106 . The connecting rod 108 rotates and presses the ball 106, and the ball 106 rotates and simultaneously pushes the dynamic pressure block 103 of the normally open clip to move linearly toward the static pressure block 102 of the normally open clip; similarly, the dynamic pressure block 103 of the normally open clip faces away from the static pressure block 102 of the normally open clip Linear movement, the pressing ball 106 linearly moves and rotates, and pushes the connecting rod 108 to rotate. The ball 106 rotates to avoid relative sliding when the connecting rod 108 and the dynamic pressure block 103 of the normally open clip are directly connected, thereby reducing wear and improving repeating motion accuracy.

The normally open clip mechanism realizes the opening and closing of the normally open clip through the relative movement of the dynamic and static pressure blocks. The normally open clip dynamic pressure block 103 moves relative to the normally open clip static pressure block 102 to clamp and release the electrode 10 .

The guide mechanism is two cylindrical pins, the first cylindrical pin is threadedly connected with the lower mounting plate 11, and the pin shaft is guided, and the second cylindrical pin is clearance-fitted with the upper mounting plate 16, and the pin shaft is guided;

The cylindrical pins in the guide mechanism ensure the axial alignment accuracy of the normally closed clip mechanism on the upper mounting plate 16 and the normally open clip mechanism on the lower mounting plate 11 during relative movement.

The connection mechanism is shown in Figure 1, Figure 13, and Figure 16. The connection mechanism includes a clamping mechanism, a water connection mechanism, and an electrical connection mechanism.

The clamping mechanism is a combination chuck, the upper pneumatic chuck 8, the upper pull nail 22, and the upper positioning piece 21 are combined chucks, and the upper mounting plate 16 and the z-axis top plate 6 pass through the upper pneumatic chuck 8, the positioning piece 21, the upper pull The nail 22 is fixed; the lower pneumatic chuck 3, the pull-down nail 14, and the lower positioning piece 13 are combined chucks, and the lower mounting plate 11 and the z-axis bottom plate 1 are fixed through the lower pneumatic chuck 3, the lower positioning piece 13, and the lower positioning nail 14 .

The water connection mechanism includes an adapter water pipe 9 and a water pipe 25, the adapter water pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the z-axis top plate 6, the water pipe 25 is fixedly connected to the upper mounting plate 16, and the water pipe 25 and the adapter water pipe 9 pass through the first sealing ring 27, the first The retaining ring 26 is extruded and connected.

Electric connection mechanism comprises electric plug 18 and electric socket 5, and electric plug support 17 is connected with upper mounting plate 16, and electric plug 18 is connected with electric plug support 17, and electric plug 18 and electric socket 5 are aviation plugs, and electric socket support 4 It is fixedly connected with the z-axis top plate 6, and the electric socket 5 is fixedly connected with the electric socket bracket 4.

The structure of the sealed water tank 29 is used for the electrode hollow high-pressure liquid flushing to realize the flow and supply of high-pressure coolant when the electrode 10 rotates; the transfer pipe 9 and the water pipe 25 are statically sealed by the O-ring to supply the high-pressure liquid to the water tank 29; the rotating spindle 45 passes through The O-ring dynamic seal realizes that the high-pressure working fluid in the water tank 29 flows to the inner cavity of the rotating main shaft 45 when the rotating main shaft 45 drives the electrode to rotate.

The main shaft mechanism comprehensively realizes the electrode creeping feed through the double clamps of the normally open clip mechanism and the normally closed clip mechanism coordinating the axial feed drive of the normally open and normally closed clips and the guidance of the two cylindrical pins 111 in the guide mechanism. The opening and closing drive of the normally closed clip mechanism is powered by the first electromagnet 62 and the disc block (upper platen 64, lower platen 66) transmits power to realize electrode peristaltic feed and high-precision rotation separation control, and the normally closed clip mechanism Opening and closing control can be realized at any rotational circumferential position of the main shaft 45 . The power transmitted by the disk block is provided by the symmetrically arranged first electromagnets 62 , so that the first electromagnets 62 push the push rod 65 in a direction of resultant force downward. In the realization of EDM, the normally closed clamp mechanism drives the electrode to servo feed and rotate at the same time; after each hole is processed, the electrode rotation stops, and the accumulated electrode loss is compensated by the electrode peristaltic feed motion. The two cylindrical pins 111 ensure the axial alignment accuracy of the normally closed clip mechanism on the mounting plate 16 and the normally open clip mechanism on the mounting plate 11 during relative movement.

The specific action process of servo feed and rotary motion in EDM is as follows: the push rod 65 and the upper platen 64 are centered and fixedly connected, the two first electromagnets 62 are symmetrically placed relative to the center of the push rod 65, and the first electromagnet 62 is disconnected. Electricity, there is a fixed distance between the first electromagnet 62 and the upper pressure plate 64, the push rod 65 is at the upper limit position of the horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45 under the pre-tightening force of the second compression spring 69, the normally closed clip mechanism is closed, and the sealing mechanism is closed, The rotating main shaft 45 rotates, and the electrode 10 rotates with the rotating main shaft 45 and moves axially with the upper mounting plate 16 for feed compensation;

The specific action process of the electrode creeping feed movement is: the rotating main shaft 45 stops rotating, the push rod 65 stops at any angular position in the circumferential direction of the rotating main shaft 45, the first electromagnet 62 is energized, and the first electromagnet 62 push rod stretches out and pushes upward. Pressure plate 64, push rod 65 move downwards, open normally closed clip mechanism, sealing mechanism, close normally open clip mechanism, and normally closed clip mechanism moves upward along with upper mounting plate 16; Under the pretightening force of the second compression spring 69, move upward to the limit position on the horizontal hole of the rotating main shaft 45, the normally closed clip mechanism is closed, the sealing mechanism is closed, and the normally open clip mechanism is opened to complete the electrode peristaltic feeding.

Example

2. The specific operation steps and action process of gas film hole processing

As shown in Figure 1, take the processing of a row of air film holes with an inclination angle of 40° to the blade surface and Φ0.5mm as an example to illustrate the specific operation steps and action process.

(1) Electrode Installation

Connect the main shaft with the Z axis, each of the wire storage tubes 38 has a Φ0.4mm electrode to be replaced, and the lower guide 42 seals the water tank 29; the first electromagnet 62 is energized, the second electromagnet 110 is energized, and the normally closed clip mechanism and sealing mechanism Open, the normally open clip mechanism is closed, push the handle 36 to make the electrode 10 fall freely to the position of the normally open clip mechanism, feed the electrode 10 to the set position, the first electromagnet 62 is powered on, and the second electromagnet 110 is powered off; push the handle 36 makes the lower guide 42 seal the water tank 29.

(2) Workpiece positioning

First, the workpiece 76 is positioned at the hole position to be processed, as shown in Figure 1, the rough positioning motor drives the Z-axis base plate 1 to move, drives the main shaft to make the guide 75 a certain distance from the surface of the workpiece 76, and adjusts the tool chuck angle positioning axis of the workpiece, The inclination angle between the surface of the electrode 10 and the workpiece 76 is 40°.

(3) Servo processing

Start the pulse power supply, one pole is connected to the workpiece 76, and one pole is connected to the electrode 10 through the electric socket 5, the electric plug 18, the electric brush 89, the conductive ring 61, the wire, the locking collar 77, and the two-jaw chuck 78; the z-axis motor drives the The mounting plate 16 and the electrode 10 move downward until the electrode 10 and the workpiece 76 discharge; start the water pump to supply liquid to the rotating main shaft 45 and the electrode 10 through the transfer pipe 9, the water pipe 25, and the water tank 29, and start the rotating motor through the large synchronous pulley 53 Drive the rotating spindle 45 and the electrode 10 to rotate, start the servo processing program to drive the spindle to move and process the hole; after completing the hole processing, turn off the pulse power supply, water pump, rotating motor, and servo processing program, and move the electrode 10 back through peristaltic feed; move the workpiece to the next hole. Repeat (3) until the loss of the electrode 10 reaches a predetermined value.

(4) Replace the electrode

The first electromagnet 62 is energized, the second electromagnet 110 is powered off, the normally closed clip mechanism and the sealing mechanism are opened, the normally open clip mechanism is opened, the water pump is started, the residual electrode is flushed out by water pressure, and the water pump is closed; the first electromagnet 62 Power on, power on the second electromagnet 110, push the handle 36 to make the electrode to be replaced freely fall to the position of the normally open clip mechanism, feed the electrode to be replaced to the set position, power on the first electromagnet 62, and power off the second electromagnet 110 Push the handle 36 to make the lower guide 42 seal the water tank 29 ; Repeat (3)(4) until all holes are processed.

Claims (12)

1. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining, characterized in that the multifunctional spindle mechanism includes a rotating spindle mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a normally closed clip mechanism, a sealing mechanism, an electric brush mechanism, and a wire changing mechanism , normally open clip mechanism, guide mechanism, connecting mechanism; rotating spindle mechanism, transmission mechanism, normally closed clip mechanism, sealing mechanism, electric brush mechanism and wire changing mechanism are fixedly installed on the upper mounting plate (16), and the normally open clip mechanism is installed On the lower mounting plate (11); the upper mounting plate (16) is connected with the lower mounting plate (11) through a guide mechanism, and a relative movement degree of freedom in the z direction is maintained; the upper mounting plate (16) is connected with the z-axis top plate (6) through a connecting mechanism ) connection, the lower mounting plate (11) is connected to the z-axis base plate (1) through a connecting mechanism; The guide mechanism is two cylindrical pins, the first cylindrical pin is threadedly connected with the lower mounting plate (11), and the pin shaft is guided, and the second cylindrical pin is clearance-fitted with the upper mounting plate (16), and the pin shaft is guided; The cylindrical pins in the guide mechanism ensure the axial alignment accuracy of the normally closed clip mechanism on the upper mounting plate (16) and the normally open clip mechanism on the lower mounting plate (11) during relative movement; The peristaltic feeding of the electrode is comprehensively realized through the guidance of the guiding mechanism, the coordinated opening and closing of the normally closed clip mechanism and the normally open clip mechanism, and the axial feed drive of the normally closed clip. 2. according to a kind of multifunctional main shaft mechanism that is used for electric discharge machining of deep small hole described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the specific connection relation of described rotating main shaft mechanism is: sleeve (54) and rotating main shaft ( 45) Clearance fit, interference fit between the rotating main shaft (45) and the inner ring of the upper angular contact bearing (49) and the lower angular contact bearing (58), transition fit between the outer ring of the upper angular contact bearing (49) and the upper bearing seat (50), The outer ring of the lower angular contact bearing (58) is transitionally fitted with the lower bearing seat (59), the upper bearing gland (48) is fixedly connected to the upper bearing seat (50) with the eighth screw (47), and the upper bearing gland (48) is pressed Tighten the outer ring of the upper angular contact bearing (49) and pre-tighten the upper angular contact bearing (49) and the lower angular contact bearing (58), and connect the lower bearing gland (57) and the lower bearing seat (59) with the ninth screw (56) , the fourth sealing ring (46) is squeezed and connected with the circular groove of the rotating main shaft (45) and the upper bearing gland (48), and the dustproof sealing ring (55) is connected with the circular groove of the lower bearing gland (57) and the sleeve (54 ) extrusion connection, the upper bearing seat (50), the lower bearing seat (59) and the transition plate (19) are fixedly connected with the fourth screw (23), and the transition plate (19) and the upper mounting plate (16) are connected with the fifth screw (24) is fixedly connected, and large synchronous pulley (53) is connected with flat key (51), the second circlip (52) with rotating main shaft (45). 3. according to claim 1, a kind of multifunctional main shaft mechanism for electric discharge machining of deep small hole is characterized in that, the specific connection relation of described transmission mechanism is: push rod (65) passes through rotating main shaft ( 45) Rectangular horizontal hole circumferential positioning, radial positioning with the clearance of the lower pressing block (84) and pressing block (83), the upper pressing plate (64), the lower pressing plate (66) and the push rod (65) through the bolt ( 67), the nut (68) is fixedly connected, the radial lock nut (70) is fixedly connected with the fine thread of the rotating main shaft (45), and the radial lock nut (70) is connected with the lower pressure plate (66) with the second compression spring (69) is connected, the self-aligning disk (71) is bonded with the radial lock nut (70), and the first electromagnet (62) is threadedly connected with the electromagnet support (63), and the electromagnet support (63) and The upper mounting plate (16) is fixedly connected with the second screw (15), and the two first electromagnets (62) are symmetrically installed relative to the rotating main shaft (45), and the upper pressure plate (64) and the lower pressure plate (66) transmit The power is provided by the first electromagnet (62), so that the first electromagnet (62) pushes the push rod (65) and the resultant force direction is downward. 4. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, the specific connection relationship of the normally closed clip mechanism is: the normally closed clip member is installed on the normally closed On the clip sleeve (79), the normally closed clip sleeve (79) is connected to the rotating main shaft (45) with a set screw (82), and the locking hoop (77) is interference fit with the normally closed clip sleeve (79) Fixed connection; briquetting block (83) is fixedly connected with two-jaw chuck (78) with interference fit, and briquetting block (83) and normally closed clip sleeve (79) are clearance fit, and normally closed clip sleeve (79) uses the first The three compression springs (81) are connected, the third compression spring (81) is isolated from the normally closed clip sleeve (79) by the first gasket (80), and the locking hoop (77) is connected to the outer cone of the two-jaw chuck (78). surface fit, the push rod (65) and the pressure block (83) are clearance fit; The normally closed clip mechanism is powered by the first electromagnet (62), and transmits the power through the upper platen (64) and the lower platen (66), so as to realize the electrode creep feed and high-precision rotation separation control, and realize the control on the rotating spindle (45 ) to control the opening and closing of the circumferential position of any rotation; the executive part of the normally closed clamp mechanism is a two-jaw chuck (78) with a tapered surface fit, which realizes the precise control of the clamping force, opening and closing position and stroke of the electrode (10) ; In the realization of EDM, the normally closed clip mechanism drives the electrode (10) to servo feed and rotate at the same time. 5. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, the specific connection relationship of the sealing mechanism is: guide block (88), elastic sealing plug (85), the lower pressing block (84) and the rotating main shaft (45) have a clearance fit, are loaded into the inner hole of the rotating main shaft (45) in turn, and are axially positioned by the inner shaft shoulder of the rotating main shaft (45); the elastic sealing plug (85) and The guide pressing block (88) is connected through the fourth compression spring (87) and the second gasket (86), the protruding shaft of the elastic sealing plug (85) cooperates with the tapered surface of the guiding pressing block (88), and the lower pressing block (84) Clearance fit with the push rod (65); The sealing mechanism realizes the sealing of the high-pressure working fluid in the inner cavity of the main shaft when the electrode (10) is fed through the cooperation between the outer cylindrical surface of the electrode (10) and the inner conical surface of the elastic sealing plug (85); (10) Detachment, the elastic seal is a controllable way of opening and closing. 6. according to claim 1, a kind of multifunctional main shaft mechanism for electric discharge machining of deep and small holes is characterized in that, the specific connection relationship of said brush mechanism is: two semicircular insulating sleeves (60 ) butt joint with the rotating main shaft (45) for clearance fit, axial positioning, the conductive ring (61) and the insulating sleeve (60) are bonded and fixed; the brush holder (91) is fixed with the electromagnet bracket (63), and the brush (89) fits with the insulating tube (90) clearance, the insulating tube (90) and the brush holder (91) clearance fits, the Phillips screw (92) and the brush holder (91) are threaded, the brush (89) and the cross Screw (92) is connected with the fifth compression spring (94), and the cross screw (92) is connected with the fifth compression spring (94) with insulating gasket (93); The electric brush (89) is extruded and connected with the conductive ring (61), and the conductive ring (61) is connected with the locking hoop (77) with a wire; The brush mechanism adopts a separate insulating structure to connect the rotating main shaft (45) and the conductive ring (61), so as to realize electrical isolation between the conductive ring (61) and the rotating main shaft (45), thereby realizing the rotation of the main shaft (45) while supplying power to the electrode (10) Galvanic isolation. 7. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, the specific connection relationship of the wire changing mechanism is: the water tank (29) and the upper mounting plate (16) is fixedly connected with screws, and the water pipe (25) is fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate (16) with the sixth screw (28), through the first sealing ring (27), the first retaining ring (26) and the water tank (29) Extruded connection, the rotating main shaft (45) and the water tank (29) are extruded and connected through the third sealing ring (43) and the second retaining ring (44), the axis of the rotating main shaft (45) coincides with the axis of the lower thread hole of the water tank (29) ; The upper guide (37) is transitionally matched with the wire changing shaft (39), the lower guide (42) and the changing wire shaft (39) are clearance fit and connected with splines, n root wire storage tubes (38) are circumferentially evenly distributed, and are connected with the upper guide ( 37), the lower guide (42) clearance fit; the wire changing shaft (39) cooperates with the sleeve clearance on the upper mounting plate (16) for radial positioning, and the wire changing shaft (39) and the water tank (29) use the second The sealing ring (41) is extruded and connected, the water tank gland (30) is fixedly connected with the water tank (29) with the seventh screw (40), and the water tank gland (30) and the wire changing shaft (39) are connected with the first compression spring (32 ) connection, the first compression spring (32) is isolated from the wire changing shaft (39) by a wear-resistant gasket (31), the lower guide (42) is squeezed and connected with the water tank (29), and the axis of the lower wire hole in the water tank (29) Be on the circumference of the wire storage tube (38); the ratchet (33) and the wire changing shaft (39) are fixedly connected by the flat key (34) and the first elastic retaining ring (35), and the handle (36) is connected with the wire changing shaft ( 39) Radial positioning with clearance, the handle (36) cooperates with the rectangular groove in the right support (96) for axial positioning; the ratchet (101) and the handle (36) use pin shaft (113), cotter pin (112) connection, the two ends of the torsion spring (114) extend into the pawl (101) and the keyway of the handle (36) to ensure the stable pressing of the pawl (101) and the ratchet (33); the positioning block (95), the third spacer (98 ) is fixedly connected with the right support (96) with the eleventh screw (97); the bearing pin (100) is matched with the right support (96) in clearance, and is connected with the handle (36) with an extension spring (99); The wire change mechanism pushes the rotation position of the wire change shaft (39) through the ratchet (33), and ensures the rotation angle of the ratchet (33) through the positioning block (95), so that the electrode automatically falls to replace the electrode; the wire change shaft (39) After rotating and changing the wire, the lower guide (42) is rotated and extruded to realize the switching of the sealing function of the wire changing, the wire changing shaft (39) and the water tank (29). 8. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 7, characterized in that, the structure of the water tank (29) is used for hollow and high-pressure flushing of the electrode to realize the electrode (10) Flow and supply of high-pressure coolant during rotation; the rotating main shaft (45) realizes high-pressure working fluid in the water tank (29) flowing to the inner cavity of the rotating main shaft (45) when the rotating main shaft (45) drives the electrode to rotate through O-ring dynamic sealing. 9. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 7, characterized in that, the wear-resistant gasket (31) and the lower guide (42) adopt polytetrafluoroethylene Material, reduce the sliding friction with water tank (29), reduce loss. 10. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, the specific connection relationship of the normally open clip mechanism is: the normally open clip bracket (72) and The lower mounting plate (11) is fixedly connected with the first screw (12), the normally open clip sleeve (73) is fixedly connected with the normally open clip bracket (72), the guide seat (74) is connected with the normally open clip sleeve (73) Clearance fit, screw connection, clearance fit between the guide (75) and the guide seat (74), the normally open clamp sleeve (73) axially fixes the guide (75); the normally open clamp static pressure block (102) and the normally open clamp The open clip sleeve (73) is bonded and fixedly connected, the normally open clip dynamic pressure block (103) is in clearance fit with the normally open clip sleeve (73), and the normally open clip dynamic pressure block (103) is connected to the normally open clip sleeve (73) ) is connected with the sixth compression spring (104) and the fourth gasket (105); the pin shaft seat (109) is fixedly connected with the normally open clip bracket (72), and the pin shaft (107) and the pin shaft seat (109) are in clearance fit , through the cotter pin positioning, the connecting rod (108) and the pin shaft (107) clearance fit, the ball (106) and the normally open clip dynamic pressure block (103) clearance fit, the connecting rod (108) and the normally open clip dynamic pressure block ( 103) Connected by balls (106), the second electromagnet (110) is threaded with the normally open clip bracket (72), and the connecting rod (108) is pressed; The normally open clip mechanism adjusts the pretightening force of the sixth compression spring (104) by replacing the fourth gasket (105) of different thickness, and changes the rotation angle of the connecting rod (108) in balance with the thrust of the second electromagnet (110) to realize the normal open clip mechanism. The stroke control of the clip dynamic pressure block (103), thereby realizing the control of the clamping force of the electrode (10) by the normally open clip mechanism; the circular motion of the connecting rod (108) is converted into the normally open clip dynamic pressure block by using the ball (106) rolling The linear motion of (103) avoids the relative sliding generated when the connecting rod (108) and the normally open clip dynamic pressure block (103) are directly connected, reduces wear and improves the repeatability of motion accuracy; through the normally open clip dynamic pressure block (103) The relative movement with the static pressure block (102) of the normally open clip realizes the opening and closing of the normally open clip mechanism, thereby realizing the clamping and loosening of the electrode (10). 11. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 1, wherein the connection mechanism includes a clamping mechanism, a water connection mechanism, and an electrical connection mechanism; The clamping mechanism is a combined chuck, the upper pneumatic chuck (8), the upper pull nail (22), and the upper positioning piece (21) are combined chucks, and the upper mounting plate (16) and the z-axis top plate (6) pass through The upper pneumatic chuck (8), the positioning piece (21), and the upper pull nail (22) are fixedly connected; the lower pneumatic chuck (3), the pull nail (14), and the lower positioning piece (13) are combined chucks, and the lower installation The plate (11) is fixedly connected to the z-axis bottom plate (1) through the lower pneumatic chuck (3), the lower positioning piece (13) and the pull-down nail (14); The water connection mechanism includes a transfer pipe (9) and a water pipe (25), the transfer pipe (9) is fixedly connected with the z-axis top plate (6), the water pipe (25) is fixedly connected with the upper mounting plate (16), and the water pipe ( 25) Squeeze connection with the transfer water pipe (9) through the first sealing ring (27) and the first retaining ring (26); Described electrical connection mechanism comprises electric plug (18) and electric socket (5), and electric plug bracket (17) is connected with upper mounting plate (16), and electric plug (18) is fixedly connected with electric plug bracket (17), and electric Plug (18) and electric socket (5) are aviation plugs, and electric socket support (4) is connected with z-axis top plate (6), and electric socket (5) is fixedly connected with electric socket support (4). 12. A multifunctional spindle mechanism for deep and small hole electric discharge machining according to claim 11, characterized in that the transfer pipe (9) and the water pipe (25) are statically sealed to the water tank by an O-shaped sealing ring. (29) High pressure liquid supply.