CN103767046A - Device and method for processing fruit and vegetables containing high anthocyanin content - Google Patents
Device and method for processing fruit and vegetables containing high anthocyanin content Download PDFInfo
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- CN103767046A CN103767046A CN201210398997.1A CN201210398997A CN103767046A CN 103767046 A CN103767046 A CN 103767046A CN 201210398997 A CN201210398997 A CN 201210398997A CN 103767046 A CN103767046 A CN 103767046A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the food processing field, particularly relates to a device for processing fruit and vegetables (such as red-flesh apples) containing high anthocyanin content. The device for processing the fruit and vegetables containing the high anthocyanin content is formed by a water seal breaking system which is formed by a raw material buffering tank (1), an elevator (2) and a breaker (3); the elevator (2) and the breaker (3) are airproof; a discharge hole (12) of the raw material buffering tank (1) is connected with a feed hole (21) of the elevator (2) in an airproof mode; the height of a discharge hole (22) of the elevator (2) is higher than a discharge hole (12) of the raw material buffering tank (1) and accordingly the raw material buffering tank (1) and the elevator (2) are formed into a U-shaped communicating vessel; the discharge hole (22) of the elevator (2) is connected with a feed hole (31) of the breaker (2) in an airproof mode. The invention also relates to a method for processing the fruit and vegetables containing the high anthocyanin content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to food processing field.Especially, the present invention relates to the apparatus and method of the fruits and vegetables (for example red meat apple) for processing high anthocyanidin content.
Background technology
Anthocyanidin (Anihocyanidin), claims again anthocyanidin, is that nature one class is extensively present in the water-soluble natural pigment in plant (particularly flowering plant (angiosperm)).According to the preliminary statistics, 27 sections, contain anthocyanidin in the plant of 73 genus.Anthocyanidin belongs to flavone compound, and it is also the main present-color material in plant petals, and the multicoloured color major parts such as fruit, vegetables, flowers are relevant with it.Anthocyanidin, under the different pH value condition of plant cell vacuole, makes petal present multicoloured color, and for example, it takes on a red color under acid condition, and under alkali condition, is blue, and the depth of color and the content of anthocyanidin are proportionate.
Known cyanine have kind more than 20 at present, is mainly present in having in plant: pelargonidin (Pelargonidin), cyanidin or Flos Hibisci Mutabilis pigment (Cyanidin), delphinidin or delphinidin (Delphindin), paeonidin (Peonidin), morning glory pigment (Petunidin) and malvidin (Malvidin).The basic structural unit of anthocyanidin is, the flavylium ion type cation of muttering, i.e. and pattern aglycon, it is shown in formula 1 below.Under field conditions (factors), anthocyanidin seldom exists with free state, and mainly exists with glucosides form.Under nature, anthocyanidin is normal in plant for example, forms anthocyanin with various monose (, glucose, rhamnose, galactolipin, arabinose etc.) by glycosidic bond.At present, oneself knows that naturally occurring anthocyanin has kind more than 250.
Formula I: the basic structural unit of anthocyanidin
In recent years, anthocyanidin was constantly pursued by people due to its good functional characteristic.Especially, the good functional characteristic of anthocyanidin at least comprises following aspect.
Anthocyanidin is as a kind of natural food colour, safe, nontoxic, aboundresources, and there is certain nutrition and pharmacological action, there is huge application potential at aspects such as food, cosmetic, medicine.At present, to the research of the anthocyanidin history of existing nearly 40 years.Particularly, from since the eighties in 20th century, Chinese scholars conducts in-depth research the various anthocyanidin of various plants.In 20 end of the centurys, international food and agricultural organization and WHO combine and forbid that synthetic dyestuffs are used as after food coloring, and the range of application of anthocyanidin further expands.Anthocyanidin becomes the desirable resource of the alternative synthetic food color of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad.
In addition, research shows, not a kind of good natural edible red pigment still of anthocyanidin, and there is beauty treatment, beauty treatment, lipopenicillinase, fat-reducing and the anti-ageing important physiological function of waiting for a long time.The Main Function of anthocyanidin is to remove free radical.Research shows, many and old relevant disease, and as heart disease, cancer, arthritis, wrinkle, disease of eye, Kieren Perkins disease and degenerative brain disorder etc., the oxidation all causing with free radical is relevant.Therefore, anthocyanidin has huge application potential in prevention with in treating this type of disease.In addition, the pharmacological research of Anthocyanins is found, it has the erythrolabe of promotion to synthesize, improve the multiple pharmacologically actives such as circulation, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory.Therefore, anthocyanidin can also be used for improvement kopiopia.Current experimental applications proves, and anthocyanidin has direct or indirect prophylactic treatment effect to nearly 100 various diseases.
In recent years, the antitumor action of anthocyanidin more and more receives people's concern.There are some researches show, anthocyanidin has lethal effect to human tumor cells, and multiple cancer cell is all had to inhibitory action in various degree as breast cancer cell, prostate gland cancer cell etc.Gao Aixia etc. (2008) utilize lung cancer in nude mice cell transplantation knurl model to observe, the inhibitory action of anthocyanidin to nude mice tumor growth.Their result shows, anthocyanidin can make the vigor of NCI-H460 cell obviously decline, inhibited to NCI-H460 cell, and this effect has time and dose dependent, can induce the apoptosis of NCI-H460 cell, and anthocyanidin also can suppress the growth of transplanted tumor in nude mice in vivo.
Due to the above-mentioned good functional characteristic of anthocyanidin, therefore the fruit and the fruit juice that are rich in anthocyanidin also become the health products and the beverage that liked by people.At present, though it is very ripe to obtain the tradition of the Juice technique of squeezing the juice from fruits and vegetables, but for the fruits and vegetables that have special processing process requirement, often can not reach desirable processing effect.For example, for being rich in the fruits and vegetables of anthocyanidin, traditional technique of squeezing the juice, because fruits and vegetables are exposed to for a long time under air in process, the factor such as slow of enzyme-deactivating, causes the oxidizable compositions such as the anthocyanidin comprising in fruits and vegetables by heavy damage.In thus obtained Juice, anthocyanidin content significantly reduces, and cannot meet people's demand.Therefore, this area is in the urgent need to processing unit (plant) and the method for improvement, to obtain the Juice that keeps high anthocyanidin content from the fruits and vegetables that are rich in anthocyanidin.
Summary of the invention
In the present invention, except as otherwise noted, otherwise Science and Technology noun used herein has the implication that those skilled in the art understand conventionally.Meanwhile, in order to understand better the present invention, provide definition and the explanation of relational language below.
As used herein, term " air-tightness " refers to, in working order under, the inner space of instrument, device or equipment and external environment are gas-insulated, also, gas exchange can not be carried out under in working order in the inner space of external environment and instrument, device or equipment.As used herein, term " air-tightness connection " refers to, it is gas-insulated descending in working order the inner space of connecting portion and external environment, and also, gas exchange can not be carried out under in working order in the inner space of external environment and connecting portion.It is well known in the art that air-tightness connects, and it includes but not limited to, air-tightness is threaded, and air-tightness frosted connects, and air-tightness rubber connects etc.In apparatus and method of the present invention, can use any air-tightness interconnection technique.
As used herein, term " is rich in the fruits and vegetables of anthocyanidin " and refers to, anthocyanidin content is the fruits and vegetables of 100PPM at least, such as but not limited to, red meat apple, purple sweet potato, cowberry, european cranberry, blueberry, grape, elder are red, blackcurrant, purple carrot, red cabbage, or other dark fruits and vegetables.
As used herein, term " inert gas " refers to, the gas not reacting with anthocyanidin or its any mixture, for example helium, neon, argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or its any mixture.In the present invention, particularly preferred inert gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide or its any mixture.
As used herein, term " fluid-tight " refers to, forms and seals with liquid.In the present invention, particularly preferred fluid-tight medium is water, for example, from the soft water after evaporator condensation (oxygen content is extremely low).Optionally, fluid-tight medium also can comprise washing agent or bactericidal agent.
As used herein, term " clear juice " refers to, take the fruits and vegetables of fresh, ripe appropriateness as raw material, through broken, squeezing, clarification, filter and Juice that optional concentrated, sterilization, the operation such as filling are made; Term " turbid juice " refers to, take the fruits and vegetables of fresh, ripe appropriateness as raw material, through broken, squeezing, filter and Juice that optional concentrated, sterilization, the operation such as filling are made.
An object of the present invention is to solve following problems: use traditional squeeze the juice and Juice that concentration technology and device obtain in, anthocyanidin loss is serious, added value of product is low, can only be used as the auxiliary material of beverage, and can not be used as the base-material of health products or the major ingredient of beverage.Therefore, one object of the present invention is, processing unit (plant) and the method for improvement is provided, and farthest to avoid the destruction of the anthocyanidin to fruits and vegetables in processing (squeezing the juice) process, thereby obtains the Juice that keeps high anthocyanidin content.
Therefore, in one aspect, the invention provides a kind of device of processing fruits and vegetables, it comprises, by raw material surge tank (1), and the water seal crushing system of elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3) composition, wherein,
Elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3) are bubble-tight; And the discharging opening (12) of raw material surge tank (1) is connected with charging aperture (21) air-tightness of elevator (2), and the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is in height higher than the discharging opening (12) of raw material surge tank (1), thereby raw material surge tank (1) structurally forms U-shaped linker with elevator (2); And the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is connected with charging aperture (31) air-tightness of disintegrating machine (3).
In the present invention, raw material surge tank (1) itself can be bubble-tight, can not be also bubble-tight.In a preferred embodiment, raw material surge tank (1) is not bubble-tight, and for example, by (add liquid in raw material surge tank (1), water), discharging opening (12) is carried out to fluid-tight, thereby obtain the air-tightness of elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3).
In a preferred embodiment, raw material surge tank (1) has charging aperture (11), thereby fruit vegetable materials can enter raw material surge tank (1) via charging aperture (11).In a further preferred embodiment, charging aperture (11) is in height higher than discharging opening (12), thereby fruit vegetable materials can, under the effect of gravity, move to discharging opening (12) from charging aperture (11).In alternate embodiment, raw material surge tank (1) also has power transmission, thereby fruit vegetable materials can be sent to discharging opening (12) from charging aperture (11).
In the present invention, raw material surge tank (1) can be any container of any shape, for example, conical (as infundibulate), cylindrical, pyramid, prismatic, or irregularly shaped, or the combination of any these shapes.But preferably, raw material surge tank (1) is funnel-shaped container, wherein, discharging opening (12) is positioned at the bottom of container, thereby, can for example,, by add liquid (, water) in funnel-shaped container, easily carry out fluid-tight to discharging opening (12).
In a preferred embodiment, raw material surge tank (1) also has water inlet (13) and delivery port (14), so that add liquid in raw material surge tank (1).In a preferred embodiment, washing agent and/or bactericidal agent enter in raw material surge tank (1) by water inlet (13), and discharge by delivery port (14), thereby raw material surge tank (1) can also be used for fruit vegetable materials to clean and/or sterilizing.
In the present invention, raw material surge tank (1) can be made up of any material for the manufacture of container, for example, and glass, plastics, metal, alloy, macromolecular material etc.
In the present invention, elevator (2) can be the elevator of any type known in the art, as long as it is bubble-tight, and can promote solid material, and not promote liquid (for example, water).This type of elevator can be for example screw elevator, scraper lifting machine, bucket elevator, band elevator etc.
In a preferred embodiment, the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is in height higher than water inlet (13), thereby avoids entering disintegrating machine (3) for the liquid of fluid-tight raw material surge tank from discharging opening (22).
In a preferred embodiment, elevator (2) also has air inlet (23) and exhaust outlet (24), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to elevator (2), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In the present invention, disintegrating machine (3) can be the disintegrating machine of any type known in the art, as long as it is bubble-tight, and fruit vegetable materials can be broken for to fruit-and-vegetable puree.In a preferred embodiment, disintegrating machine (3) is cold beater or negative pressure disintegrating machine.
In a preferred embodiment, disintegrating machine (3) also has air inlet (33) and exhaust outlet (34), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to disintegrating machine (3), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, disintegrating machine (3) also comprises slag notch (35), for removing the residue of fruit vegetable materials.In a preferred embodiment, slag notch (35) can use liquid seal method and/or convertible sluice gate to seal, to avoid the intrusion of air (particularly oxygen).In a preferred embodiment, disintegrating machine (3) also comprises holding vessel (36), for storing fruit-and-vegetable puree.In a preferred embodiment, disintegrating machine (3) also comprises pump (37), and it is for pumping fruit-and-vegetable puree from discharging opening (32).
In a preferred embodiment, device of the present invention also comprises juice extractor (4), and it is bubble-tight, and its charging aperture (41) is connected with discharging opening (32) air-tightness of disintegrating machine (3).
In the present invention, juice extractor (4) can be the juice extractor of any type known in the art, as long as it is bubble-tight, and can squeeze the juice to fruit-and-vegetable puree.For example, juice extractor (4) can be spiral juice extractor, and nitrogen spiral juice extractor is filled in for example sealing.
In a preferred embodiment, juice extractor (4) also has air inlet (43) and exhaust outlet (44), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to juice extractor (4), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, juice extractor (4) also comprises slag notch (45), remaining residue after squeezing the juice for removal.In a preferred embodiment, slag notch (45) can use liquid seal method and/or convertible sluice gate to seal, to avoid the intrusion of air (particularly oxygen).In a preferred embodiment, juice extractor (4) also comprises holding vessel (46), for storing the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables.In a preferred embodiment, juice extractor (4) also comprises pump (47), and it is for pumping turbid fruits and vegetables juice from discharging opening (42).
In a preferred embodiment, device of the present invention also comprises vacuum evaporator (5).
In a preferred embodiment, vacuum evaporator (5) is bubble-tight, and its charging aperture (51) is connected with discharging opening (42) air-tightness.Described vacuum evaporator (5) optionally also comprises heater, for the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables is carried out to enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration.
In a preferred embodiment, vacuum evaporator (5) also has air inlet (53) and exhaust outlet (54), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to vacuum evaporator (5), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, device of the present invention also comprises enzymolysis settling tank (6) and filtration system (7).
In a preferred embodiment, enzymolysis settling tank (6) and filtration system (7) are all bubble-tight, and the charging aperture (61) of enzymolysis settling tank (6) is connected with discharging opening (52) air-tightness of vacuum evaporator (5), the discharging opening (62) of enzymolysis settling tank (6) is connected with charging aperture (71) air-tightness of filtration system (7).Enzymolysis settling tank comprises enzyme in (6), for the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables is carried out to enzymolysis clarification.This fermentoid includes but not limited to, amylase, pectase, α-amylase and/or acid protease.Filtration system (7) is for the Juice of clarifying through enzymolysis is filtered, thus generation fruit-vegetable clear juice.
In a preferred embodiment, enzymolysis settling tank (6) also has air inlet (63) and exhaust outlet (64), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to enzymolysis settling tank (6), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, filtration system (7) also has air inlet (73) and exhaust outlet (74), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to filtration system (7), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.In a preferred embodiment, filtration system (7) is ultrafiltration system.
In a preferred embodiment, device of the present invention also comprises sterilizer (8).
In a preferred embodiment, sterilizer (8) is bubble-tight, and is connected with discharging opening (72) air-tightness of the discharging opening (42) of juice extractor (4) or the discharging opening (52) of vacuum evaporator (5) or filtration system (7).Sterilizer (8) is for the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables or fruit-vegetable clear juice are carried out to sterilizing, thereby obtains final product, the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables or the fruit-vegetable clear juice of high anthocyanidin content.
In a preferred embodiment, sterilizer (8) also has air inlet (83) and exhaust outlet (84), it for example, for (being filled with inert gas to sterilizer (8), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, device of the present invention is between filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8), or at sterilizer (8) afterwards, also comprise inspissator (9), it is for further concentrated to fruit-vegetable clear juice.Inspissator (9) can be for example vacuum decker, or negative pressure thickener.
It should be understood that device of the present invention need to not have air inlet and exhaust outlet at each assembly place.Device of the present invention can have air inlet and exhaust outlet at the one or more assemblies place that is selected from elevator (2), disintegrating machine (3), juice extractor (4), vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8), for example, (to be filled with inert gas in whole device, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.
In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that after enzyme-deactivating step, the anthocyanidin in Juice will can be easily not oxidized again.Therefore, after enzyme-deactivating, can be without again Juice being carried out to inert gas shielding.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7) and/or sterilizer (8) can not comprise air inlet and exhaust outlet, and can not be bubble-tight.
Although enzymatic browning stops or substantially stopping after enzyme-deactivating step; but for fear of the non-enzymatic browning under oxygen existence condition; preferably; vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8) are bubble-tight; and carry out inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) protection.
Further, consider that vacuum evaporator (5) moves under negative pressure state, the air content of itself is very low, and filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8) are very short to the processing time of material, the non-enzymatic browning of material in these three assemblies is negligible, therefore, for the consideration of cost-saving and operation ease, also can only (for example carry out inert gas to enzymolysis settling tank (6), nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) protection, and not to vacuum evaporator (5), filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8) carry out inert gas shielding.
In a preferred embodiment, fruits and vegetables are the fruits and vegetables (for example a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. and berry) that are rich in anthocyanidin,, blackcurrant red such as but not limited to, red meat apple, purple sweet potato, cowberry, european cranberry, blueberry, grape, elder, purple carrot, red cabbage, or other dark fruits and vegetables.
In one aspect, the invention provides a kind of method of processing fruits and vegetables, it comprises the following steps:
1) under the condition of starvation, by fruit vegetable materials fragmentation;
2), under the condition of starvation, to squeezing the juice through broken fruit vegetable materials, and the juice squeezing is separated with material residue, thereby obtain the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1) in, for example, by water seal and/or use inert gas (, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), by isolated to fruit vegetable materials and oxygen.
In a further preferred embodiment, carry out step 1 with water seal crushing system as defined above).
In a further preferred embodiment, carry out step 1 as follows): (for example use liquid, water) sealing raw material surge tank (1) discharging opening (12), and with inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) fill elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3), to drain the air in device; Then fruit vegetable materials is added in raw material surge tank (1), and enter disintegrating machine (3) via elevator (2), carry out fragmentation.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 2) in, for example, by using inert gas (, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), by isolated to the fruit vegetable materials through broken (, fruit-and-vegetable puree) and oxygen.
In a further preferred embodiment, use juice extractor (4) as defined above carry out step 2).
In a preferred embodiment, carry out step 2) before, for example, with inert gas (, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) filling juice extractor (4), to drain air wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1) in, with liquid (for example, water) sealing raw material surge tank (1) discharging opening (12), and with inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) fill elevator (2), disintegrating machine (3) and juice extractor (4), to drain air wherein.
In a preferred embodiment, enter juice extractor (4) through broken fruit vegetable materials (, fruit-and-vegetable puree) from disintegrating machine (3), squeeze, thereby obtain the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables.Optionally, the turbid juice of described fruits and vegetables is carried out to further enzyme-deactivating and concentrate with (in advance), to improve its stability and anthocyanidin content.For example, can use as defined above vacuum evaporator (5) to carry out further enzyme-deactivating to the turbid juice of described fruits and vegetables and (in advance) concentrates.Further preferably, for example, to carry out sterilizing (, using pasteurization) through the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables of enzyme-deactivating and (in advance).
In a preferred embodiment, described fruits and vegetables are the fruits and vegetables (for example a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. and berry) that are rich in anthocyanidin, such as but not limited to, red meat apple, purple sweet potato, cowberry, european cranberry, blueberry, grape, elder are red, blackcurrant, purple carrot, red cabbage, or other dark fruits and vegetables.
In a preferred embodiment, described method also comprises, the turbid juice of obtained fruits and vegetables is processed, to obtain fruit-vegetable clear juice.
In a further preferred embodiment, as follows the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables is processed, to obtain fruit-vegetable clear juice:
3) the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables is carried out to enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration;
4) to step 3) product carry out enzymolysis clarification;
5) to step 4) product filter;
6) to step 5) product concentrate and sterilizing, thereby obtain fruit-vegetable clear juice.
In a preferred embodiment, step 3)-6) be to carry out under the condition of starvation.In a preferred embodiment, in step 3)-6) in, use inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) to carry out starvation.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that after enzyme-deactivating step, the anthocyanidin in Juice will can be easily not oxidized again.Therefore, after enzyme-deactivating, can be without again Juice being carried out to inert gas shielding.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, step 3)-6) can under the condition of starvation not, carry out.
But, although enzymatic browning stops or substantially stopping after enzyme-deactivating step, for fear of the non-enzymatic browning under oxygen existence condition, preferably, and step 3)-6) be to carry out under the condition of starvation.In a preferred embodiment, in step 3)-6) in, use inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) to carry out starvation.
Further, consider that (in advance) concentration process moves conventionally under negative pressure state, air content in this process is very low, and very short to the processing time of material in filtration and sterilization process, the non-enzymatic browning of material in these three processes is negligible, therefore, for the consideration of cost-saving and operation ease, also step 4 only) under the condition of starvation, (for example carry out, (for example use inert gas, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) carry out starvation), and step 3) and 5)-6) under the condition of starvation not, carry out.
In a preferred embodiment, use vacuum evaporator (5) as defined above carry out step 3).In a preferred embodiment, at the temperature of 75-98 ℃, carry out enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration.
In a preferred embodiment, use enzymolysis settling tank (6) and filtration system (7) as defined above carry out steps 4)-5).In a preferred embodiment, use amylase, pectase, α-amylase, acid protease or its any combination to carry out enzymolysis clarification.In a preferred embodiment, at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, carry out enzymolysis clarification.
In a preferred embodiment, use sterilizer (8) and inspissator (9) as defined above carry out steps 6).In a preferred embodiment, use pasteurization to carry out sterilizing.For example, at the temperature of 90-121 ℃, carry out pasteurize 15-120s.
In a preferred embodiment, the turbid juice of the fruits and vegetables through sterilizing or clear juice are carried out filling so that store.
In a preferred embodiment, in whole device of the present invention, all tank bodies, pump, equipment and pipeline are air-tightness and connect.In a preferred embodiment, in whole method of the present invention, material, from entering water seal crushing system, with isolate from outer air, and moves under the protection of inert gas.
The beneficial effect of the invention
For the traditional handicraft and device of processing fruits and vegetables, material is exposed under air conventionally completely.And, due to the restriction of traditional handicraft and device structure, in whole process, after fruit vegetable materials fragmentation, its point directly contacting with air is more, and this makes anthocyanidin in product very easily because of oxidized loss (loss late is greater than 30% conventionally).
Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention, by liquid seal method and inert gas shielding method, has fully completely cut off oxygen in the process of Juice, thereby realizes the anthocyanidin that keeps high-load in the Juice obtaining (turbid juice and clear juice).Especially, for fruit and vegetable materials, the anthocyanidin loss≤20% (use traditional method and apparatus to add man-hour, the anthocyanidin loss in Juice is generally >=30%) in Juice, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate >=80%, 5-HMF production rate≤10mg/kg.Therefore, method and apparatus of the present invention, in the process of Juice, has farthest reduced the destruction to anthocyanidin and has avoided the loss of anthocyanidin.
(2) the present invention utilizes the apparatus and method of simple possible, has farthest reduced the loss of anthocyanidin in garden stuff processing process, and realization of industrialization is simple, convenient, feasible, and the Juice raw material of high added value can be provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention solved that tradition is squeezed the juice and the fruits and vegetables (for example a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. and berry) of concentration technology to high anthocyanidin content in the heavy damage of anthocyanidin, reduce the anthocyanidin loss in this type of garden stuff processing process, and effectively suppressed product oxidation, enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that following drawings and Examples are only for the present invention is described, rather than restriction to scope of the present invention.With the following detailed description of preferred embodiment, it is obvious that various objects of the present invention and favourable aspect will become to those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 has schematically described an example of water seal crushing system of the present invention, it comprises raw material surge tank (1), elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3), wherein, elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3) they are bubble-tight; And the discharging opening (12) of raw material surge tank (1) is connected with charging aperture (21) air-tightness of elevator (2), and the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is in height higher than the discharging opening (12) of raw material surge tank (1), thereby raw material surge tank (1) structurally forms U-shaped linker with elevator (2); And the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is connected with charging aperture (31) air-tightness of disintegrating machine (3).Raw material surge tank (1) also comprises charging aperture (11), water inlet (13) and delivery port (14); Elevator (2) also comprises air inlet (23) and exhaust outlet (24); Disintegrating machine (3) also comprises discharging opening (32), air inlet (33), exhaust outlet (34), slag notch (35), holding vessel (36), and pump (37).
As shown in Figure 1, raw material surge tank (1) and elevator (2) interconnect as a whole, in raw material surge tank (1), can add liquid, for example water, for example, from the soft water after evaporator condensation (its oxygen content is extremely low), thereby make raw material surge tank (1) and elevator (2) structurally form a U-shaped linker.Elevator (2) is all bubble-tight with disintegrating machine (3), and air-tightness connects each other.The slag notch (35) of disintegrating machine can use liquid seal method and/or convertible sluice gate to seal, thereby whole crushing system can be in airtight conditions.
Before processing fruits and vegetables; for example, with liquid (water) sealing raw material surge tank (1); and be filled with inert gas (for example nitrogen) in elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3), make whole system under inert gas shielding.Fruit vegetable materials enters raw material surge tank from charging aperture (11), for example, under the buffering of liquid (water), slowly fall into tank under Action of Gravity Field at the bottom of.In the time that material builds up to a certain degree, keep liquid level, open elevator (2), thereby material is promoted to discharging opening (22), and falls into disintegrating machine (3) and carry out fragmentation.Enter in surge tank (36) through broken puree, skin slag is removed via slag notch (35).In whole process, due to material completely in sealing inert gas shielding under, therefore, effectively completely cut off oxygen, avoided the anthocyanidin in material destroyed.
Fig. 2 has schematically described an example of juice extractor of the present invention (4), and it is bubble-tight, and comprises charging aperture (41), discharging opening (42), air inlet (43), exhaust outlet (44), and slag notch (45).
Seen by Fig. 2, juice extractor (4) is bubble-tight, and charging aperture (41) is connected with discharging opening (32) air-tightness of water seal crushing system.Before production, in juice extractor (4), be filled with inert gas (for example nitrogen), make whole juice extractor (4) under inert gas shielding.Produce while beginning, pump in juice extractor (4) through pump (37) through broken fruit-and-vegetable puree.Fruit-and-vegetable puree is after squeezing, and fruit juice (turbid juice) is discharged through the discharging opening (42) of juice extractor (4), and residue is discharged through slag notch (45).Slag notch (45) can use liquid seal method and/or convertible sluice gate to seal, thereby whole system can be in airtight conditions.Juice extractor (4) also can comprise holding vessel (46), be used for storing the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables, and/or juice extractor (4) also can comprise pump (47), for turbid fruits and vegetables juice is pumped to (figure does not show) from discharging opening (42).
Fig. 3 has schematically described an example of vacuum evaporator of the present invention (5), it is bubble-tight, and comprises charging aperture (51), discharging opening (52), air inlet (53), and exhaust outlet (54).Before production, in vacuum evaporator (5), be filled with inert gas (for example nitrogen) through air inlet (53), make whole vacuum evaporator (5) under inert gas shielding.Produce while beginning, the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables enters in vacuum evaporator (5) through charging aperture (51).The turbid juice of fruits and vegetables, after enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration, is discharged through discharging opening (52).In addition, produce while beginning, also can pass through exhaust outlet (54) inert gas is discharged, thereby make whole vacuum evaporator (5) under negative pressure state.
Fig. 4 has schematically described an example of enzymolysis settling tank of the present invention (6), it is bubble-tight, and comprises charging aperture (61), discharging opening (62), air inlet (63), and exhaust outlet (64).Before production, in enzymolysis settling tank (6), be filled with inert gas (for example nitrogen) through air inlet (63), make whole enzymolysis settling tank (6) under inert gas shielding.Produce while beginning, enter in enzymolysis settling tank (6) through charging aperture (61) through the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables of enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration.The turbid juice of fruits and vegetables, after enzymolysis clarification, is discharged through discharging opening (62).
Fig. 5 has schematically described an example of filtration system of the present invention (7), it is bubble-tight, and comprises charging aperture (71), discharging opening (72), air inlet (73), and exhaust outlet (74).Before production, in filtration system (7), be filled with inert gas (for example nitrogen) through air inlet (73), make whole filtration system (7) under inert gas shielding.Produce while beginning, enter in filtration system (7) through charging aperture (71) through the Juice of enzymolysis clarification.Juice after filtering, is discharged through discharging opening (72).
Fig. 6 has schematically described an example of sterilizer of the present invention (8), and it is bubble-tight, and comprises charging aperture (81), discharging opening (82), air inlet (83), and exhaust outlet (84).Before production, in sterilizer (8), be filled with inert gas (for example nitrogen) through air inlet (83), make whole sterilizer (8) under inert gas shielding.Produce while beginning, filtered Juice enters in sterilizer (8) through charging aperture (81).Juice, after sterilizing, is discharged through discharging opening (82).
It should be understood that Fig. 1-6 are only exemplary.Device of the present invention need to not have air inlet and exhaust outlet at each assembly place.Due to device in all component Dou Shi UNICOM and be air-tightness connect, therefore, device of the present invention can have air inlet and exhaust outlet at the one or more assemblies place that is selected from elevator (2), disintegrating machine (3), juice extractor (4), vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8); By air inlet and the exhaust outlet of setting like this, can in whole device (all component), be filled with inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), deaeration (particularly oxygen) wherein.In addition; as described in detail above; vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7) and/or sterilizer (8) can not comprise air inlet and exhaust outlet; and can not bubble-tight; because after enzyme-deactivating, can be without again Juice being carried out to inert gas shielding.
The specific embodiment
Referring now to the following embodiment that is intended to illustrate the present invention (and non-limiting the present invention), the present invention is described.Those skilled in the art know, and embodiment describes the present invention with way of example, and are not intended to limit the present invention's scope required for protection.
the measuring method of anthocyanidin content, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate
The method of measuring the method for the anthocyanidin content in fruits and vegetables and Juice, the method for measuring polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and measurement 5-HMF production rate is all well known in the art.Referring to for example, Shi Yue, Zhang Xiuling, Zou Yang .pH differential method is measured the research of anthocyanidin content in blackberry, blueberry residue. food industry science and technology .2007,12,56-57; Cheng Jianjun. the research of polyphenol oxidase enzyme kinetics and reaction process in apple pear. Food Science .2002,8 (23), 69-71; With Leandro F.Damasceno, Fabiano A.N.Fernandes, Margarida M.A.Magalhaes, Edy S.Brito.Non-enzymatic browning in clarified cashew apple juice during thermal treatment:Kinetics and process control.Food Chemistry.2008,106,172-179, it is all integrated with herein by reference.In the following embodiments, measure anthocyanidin content, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate by these known methods.
Use comprises raw material surge tank (1), elevator (2), disintegrating machine (3), juice extractor (4), vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7), the device of the present invention of sterilizer (8) and inspissator (9) is processed red meat apple, wherein, the elevator (2) using is screw elevator, the disintegrating machine (3) using is cold beater, the juice extractor (4) using is spiral juice extractor, the filtration system (7) using is Horizontal separator, disk centrifuge and ultrafiltration unit, and the condition using comprises, in vacuum evaporator (5), with the preheating temperature apple juice 20-30s of 75-98 ℃, carry out enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration, in enzymolysis settling tank (6), use amylase, pectase, α-amylase and acid protease (overall consumption is at 100-400ppm), enzymolysis clarification 40-90min at 30-60 ℃, in filtration system, it is 2500-4000rpm/min that Horizontal separator is set, and it is 5500-6500rpm/min that disk centrifuge is set, and carries out tandem Separation of Solid and Liquid, supernatant after centrifugal enters ultrafiltration unit again, uses the milipore filter of 150-350kDa molecular weight ranges to filter, the sterilising conditions using is 90-121 ℃, 15-120s.In whole device, with the discharging opening of water-stop raw material surge tank (1), make raw material surge tank (1) and elevator (2) and the U-shaped groove of extraneous formation; Elevator (2) is connected with disintegrating machine (3) air-tightness, and utilizes the U-shaped groove of water seal to make disintegrating machine (3) and outside air isolated; And, whole device is carried out to inert gas shielding with nitrogen.Before starting to process red meat apple, in whole device, be filled with nitrogen, fully get rid of inner air.
The procedure of processing of red meat apple is as follows:
1) before starting to process red meat apple, in whole device (comprising elevator (2), disintegrating machine (3), juice extractor (4), connecting pipe and tank body therebetween), be filled with nitrogen, fully get rid of inner air;
2) by hydrolock feed (, with water-stop raw material surge tank (1)), under the condition of isolated air, use screw elevator that red meat apple is sent in cold beater, carry out fragmentation;
3) enter in the spiral juice extractor of closed inert gas (nitrogen) protection through broken puree, squeeze the juice, and juice slag is separated, thereby obtain apple juice;
4) apple juice enters in vacuum evaporator and carries out enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration, and adjustment temperature is 75-98 ℃, and be 20-30s preheating time;
5) in entering the enzymolysis settling tank of inert gas (nitrogen) protection, the turbid juice of pre-concentration carries out enzymolysis clarification, hydrolysis temperature is adjusted into 30-60 ℃, uses amylase, pectase, α-amylase and acid protease (overall consumption is at 100-400ppm);
6) fruit juice after enzymolysis enters filtration system: first enter Horizontal separator, carry out centrifugal with 2500-4000rpm/min; Then enter disk centrifuge, carry out centrifugal with 5500-6500rpm/min; Supernatant after finally centrifugal enters ultrafiltration unit, uses the milipore filter of 150-350kDa molecular weight ranges to filter, to obtain apple clear juice;
7), sterilizing, cooling, filling concentrated to apple clear juice, sterilising conditions is 90-121 ℃, 15-120s, thus obtain final product, the apple clear juice of high anthocyanidin content.
In the present embodiment, step 4) and 6)-7) (, vacuum evaporator (5), filtration system (7), sterilizer (8) and inspissator (9)) do not carry out inert gas shielding.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15-16%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 89-91%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.7-4.0mg/kg.
Except the disintegrating machine adopting is negative pressure disintegrating machine, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15-16%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 89-91%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.5-4.0mg/kg.
Except in vacuum evaporator with 80-96 ℃ of go out enzyme and pre-concentration, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 16-17%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 94-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.5-3.9mg/kg.
Except in vacuum evaporator with 85-95 ℃ of go out enzyme and pre-concentration, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 16-17%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 94-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.6-3.9mg/kg.
Except in vacuum evaporator with 92-94 ℃ of go out enzyme and pre-concentration, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 16-18%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 94.5-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.6-4.2mg/kg.
Embodiment 6.
Except in vacuum evaporator with 93 ℃ of go out enzyme and pre-concentrations, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15-16.5%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 94.5-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.9-4.1mg/kg.
Except carrying out enzymolysis clarification with 45-58 ℃ in enzymolysis settling tank, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15-16%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 94.5-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.9-4.1mg/kg.
Except carrying out enzymolysis clarification with 48-55 ℃ in enzymolysis settling tank, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15-16%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 95-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.7-4.1mg/kg.
Embodiment 9.
Except carrying out enzymolysis clarification with 50 ℃ in enzymolysis settling tank, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15.5-16.2%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 95-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.9-4.1mg/kg.
Embodiment 10.
Except sterilising conditions is 97-115 ℃, outside 15-20s, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 16.5-17%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 95-96.5%, and 5-HMF production rate is 4.2-4.4mg/kg.
Except sterilising conditions is 98-105 ℃, outside 15-20s, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 16-17%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 95-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 4.2-4.5mg/kg.
Except sterilising conditions is 100 ℃, outside 15-20s, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 15-16%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 95-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.2-3.9mg/kg.
Except sterilising conditions is 100 ℃, outside 17s, adopt the method and apparatus identical with embodiment 1, processing red meat apple also obtains red meat apple clear juice.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is 14.7-16.5%, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 95-96%, and 5-HMF production rate is 3.8-4.3mg/kg.
Comparing embodiment
Use comprises that the device of the normal conventional of elevator, disintegrating machine, juice extractor, enzyme-removal machine, enzymatic vessel, filtration system, evaporimeter, sterilization machine processes red meat apple.Wherein, the elevator using is scraper lifting machine, the disintegrating machine using is cutter pick breaker, the juice extractor using is belt press, the enzyme-removal machine using is tube heater, the evaporimeter using is quadruple effect falling film evaporator, the filtration system Horizontal separator, disk centrifuge and the ultrafiltration unit that use, and the sterilization machine using is bushing type bus sterilization machine; And the condition using comprises, juice extractor air bag air pressure is 1-5bar; In enzyme-removal machine, adjustment steam pressure is 4-6bar, with the temperature of 85-95 ℃ to the fruit juice just having squeezed out go out enzyme process 60-90s; In enzymolysis settling tank, use amylase and pectase (overall consumption is at 100-400ppm), enzymolysis clarification 60-120min at 30-60 ℃; In filtration system, adjustment Horizontal separator is 2500-4000rpm/min, and disk centrifuge is 5500-6500rpm/min, carries out tandem Separation of Solid and Liquid, supernatant after centrifugal enters ultrafiltration unit again, uses the milipore filter of 150-350kDa molecular weight ranges to filter; In evaporimeter, with the temperature concentrated apple juice of 75-98 ℃; The sterilising conditions using is 90-121 ℃, 15-120s.In whole device, be general common fruit and vegetable juice processing equipment, all devices and tank body all do not carry out inert gas shielding.
Procedure of processing as an example of red meat apple example is as follows:
1) material is promoted to cutter pick breaker by scraper lifting machine, carries out fragmentation and enters temporary tank;
2) through broken puree by pump pump to belt press, squeeze the juice, and by juice slag separate, thereby obtain apple juice;
3) apple juice enters and goes out in enzyme device, at the temperature of 85-95 ℃, keeps 60-90s, to guarantee the endogenous enzyme inactivation in fruit juice;
4) enter in enzymolysis settling tank and carry out enzymolysis clarification through the turbid juice of the enzyme that goes out, hydrolysis temperature is adjusted into 30-60 ℃, uses amylase and pectase (overall consumption is at 100-400ppm);
5) fruit juice after enzymolysis enters filtration system: first enter Horizontal separator, carry out centrifugal with 2500-4000rpm/min; Then enter disk centrifuge, carry out centrifugal with 5500-6500rpm/min; Supernatant after finally centrifugal enters ultrafiltration unit, uses the milipore filter of 150-350kDa molecular weight ranges to filter, to obtain apple clear juice;
6), sterilizing, cooling, filling concentrated to apple clear juice, sterilising conditions is 90-121 ℃, 15-120s, thus obtain final product.
Measure the anthocyanidin loss of the red meat apple clear juice obtaining, polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate and 5-HMF production rate.Result demonstration, anthocyanidin loss is > 30%(approximately 55%, fruit juice is brown redness), polyphenol oxidase enzyme inhibition rate is 85-90%, 5-HMF production rate is 15-18mg/kg.Cause the principal element of anthocyanidin content decline to be, material is exposed under air with squeeze the juice (particularly before enzyme-deactivating) in process completely broken, causes anthocyanidin and polyphenols promptly oxidized, and the bad change of fruit juice color and luster is serious.
Although the specific embodiment of the present invention has obtained detailed description, those skilled in the art will appreciate that according to disclosed all instructions, can carry out various modifications and changes to details, and these change all within protection scope of the present invention.Four corner of the present invention is provided by claims and any equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. process a device for fruits and vegetables, it comprises, by raw material surge tank (1), and the water seal crushing system of elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3) composition, wherein,
Elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3) are bubble-tight; And
The discharging opening (12) of raw material surge tank (1) is connected with charging aperture (21) air-tightness of elevator (2), and the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is in height higher than the discharging opening (12) of raw material surge tank (1), thereby raw material surge tank (1) structurally forms U-shaped linker with elevator (2); And the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is connected with charging aperture (31) air-tightness of disintegrating machine (3).
2. the device of claim 1, wherein,
For example, raw material surge tank (1) is not bubble-tight, and for example, by (add liquid in raw material surge tank (1), water), discharging opening (12) is carried out to fluid-tight, thereby obtain the air-tightness of elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3);
For example, the charging aperture (11) of raw material surge tank (1) is in height higher than discharging opening (12);
For example, raw material surge tank (1) also has power transmission;
For example, raw material surge tank (1) can be any container of any shape, for example, conical (as infundibulate), cylindrical, pyramid, prismatic, or irregularly shaped, or the combination of any these shapes; Preferably, raw material surge tank (1) is funnel-shaped container, and wherein, discharging opening (12) is positioned at the bottom of container;
For example, raw material surge tank (1) also has water inlet (13) and delivery port (14);
For example, raw material surge tank (1) can be made up of any material for the manufacture of container, for example, and glass, plastics, metal, alloy, macromolecular material.
3. the device of claim 1 or 2, wherein,
For example, elevator (2) is screw elevator, scraper lifting machine, bucket elevator, band elevator;
For example, the discharging opening (22) of elevator (2) is in height higher than water inlet (13);
For example, elevator (2) also has air inlet (23) and exhaust outlet (24);
For example, disintegrating machine (3) is cold beater or negative pressure disintegrating machine;
For example, disintegrating machine (3) also has air inlet (33) and exhaust outlet (34);
For example, disintegrating machine (3) also comprises slag notch (35); Preferably, slag notch (35) can use liquid seal method and/or convertible sluice gate to seal;
For example, disintegrating machine (3) also comprises holding vessel (36) and/or pump (37).
4. the device of claim 1-3 any one, wherein, described device also comprises juice extractor (4), and it is bubble-tight, and its charging aperture (41) is connected with discharging opening (32) air-tightness of disintegrating machine (3);
For example, juice extractor (4) can be spiral juice extractor, and nitrogen spiral juice extractor is filled in for example sealing;
For example, juice extractor (4) also has air inlet (43) and exhaust outlet (44);
For example, juice extractor (4) also comprises slag notch (45); Preferably, slag notch (45) can use liquid seal method and/or convertible sluice gate to seal;
For example, juice extractor (4) also comprises holding vessel (46) and/or pump (47).
5. the device of claim 1-4 any one, wherein, described device also comprises vacuum evaporator (5), enzymolysis settling tank (6), filtration system (7), sterilizer (8) and/or inspissator (9);
For example, vacuum evaporator (5) is bubble-tight, and its charging aperture (51) is connected with discharging opening (42) air-tightness;
For example, vacuum evaporator (5) optionally also comprises heater;
For example, enzymolysis settling tank (6) and filtration system (7) are all bubble-tight, and the charging aperture (61) of enzymolysis settling tank (6) is connected with discharging opening (52) air-tightness of vacuum evaporator (5), the discharging opening (62) of enzymolysis settling tank (6) is connected with charging aperture (71) air-tightness of filtration system (7);
For example, sterilizer (8) is bubble-tight, and is connected with discharging opening (72) air-tightness of the discharging opening (42) of juice extractor (4) or the discharging opening (52) of vacuum evaporator (5) or filtration system (7);
For example, inspissator (9) is between filtration system (7) and sterilizer (8), or at sterilizer (8) afterwards.
6. a method of processing fruits and vegetables, it comprises the following steps:
1) under the condition of starvation, by fruit vegetable materials fragmentation;
2), under the condition of starvation, to squeezing the juice through broken fruit vegetable materials, and the juice squeezing is separated with material residue, thereby obtain the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables.
7. the method for claim 6, wherein, in step 1) in, for example, by water seal and/or use inert gas (, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), by isolated to fruit vegetable materials and oxygen;
For example, right to use requires the water seal crushing system defining in 1-5 any one carry out step 1);
For example, carry out step 1 as follows): (for example use liquid, water) sealing raw material surge tank (1) discharging opening (12), and with inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) fill elevator (2) and disintegrating machine (3), to drain the air in device; Then fruit vegetable materials is added in raw material surge tank (1), and enter disintegrating machine (3) via elevator (2), carry out fragmentation.
8. the method for claim 6 or 7, wherein, in step 2) in, for example, by using inert gas (, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide), by isolated to the fruit vegetable materials through broken (, fruit-and-vegetable puree) and oxygen;
For example, right to use requires 4 defined juice extractors (4) carry out step 2);
For example, carry out step 2) before, for example, with inert gas (, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) filling juice extractor (4), to drain air wherein;
For example, in step 1) in, with liquid (for example, water) sealing raw material surge tank (1) discharging opening (12), and with inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) fill elevator (2), disintegrating machine (3) and juice extractor (4), to drain air wherein;
For example, enter juice extractor (4) through broken fruit vegetable materials (, fruit-and-vegetable puree) from disintegrating machine (3), squeeze, thereby obtain the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables;
Optionally, the turbid juice of described fruits and vegetables being carried out to further enzyme-deactivating concentrated with (in advance).
9. the method for claim 6-8 any one, wherein, described method also comprises, the turbid juice of obtained fruits and vegetables is processed, to obtain fruit-vegetable clear juice;
For example, as follows the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables is processed, to obtain fruit-vegetable clear juice:
3) the turbid juice of fruits and vegetables is carried out to enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration;
4) to step 3) product carry out enzymolysis clarification;
5) to step 4) product filter;
6) to step 5) product concentrate and sterilizing, thereby obtain fruit-vegetable clear juice;
For example, step 3)-6) be to carry out under the condition of starvation; For example, in step 3)-6) in, use inert gas (for example, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide) to carry out starvation;
For example, step 3)-6) can under the condition of starvation not, carry out;
For example, right to use requires 5 defined vacuum evaporators (5) carry out step 3); For example, at the temperature of 75-98 ℃, carry out enzyme-deactivating and pre-concentration;
For example, right to use requires 5 defined enzymolysis settling tanks (6) and filtration system (7) carry out steps 4)-5); For example, use amylase, pectase, α-amylase, acid protease or its any combination to carry out enzymolysis clarification; For example, at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, carry out enzymolysis clarification;
For example, right to use requires 5 defined sterilizers (8) and inspissator (9) carry out steps 6); For example, use pasteurization to carry out sterilizing; For example, at the temperature of 90-121 ℃, carry out pasteurize 15-120s;
For example, described method also comprises, the turbid juice of the fruits and vegetables through sterilizing or clear juice are carried out filling so that store.
10. the method for claim 6-9 any one, wherein said fruits and vegetables are the fruits and vegetables (for example a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. and berry) that are rich in anthocyanidin, such as but not limited to, red meat apple, purple sweet potato, cowberry, european cranberry, blueberry, grape, elder are red, blackcurrant, purple carrot, red cabbage, or other dark fruits and vegetables.
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