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CN103739184B - Method for drying and direct blending combustion of domestic sludge by using dry-process cement kiln waste heat - Google Patents

Method for drying and direct blending combustion of domestic sludge by using dry-process cement kiln waste heat Download PDF

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CN103739184B
CN103739184B CN201410027957.5A CN201410027957A CN103739184B CN 103739184 B CN103739184 B CN 103739184B CN 201410027957 A CN201410027957 A CN 201410027957A CN 103739184 B CN103739184 B CN 103739184B
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sludge
kiln
cement
drying
dry
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CN103739184A (en
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唐富顺
杨宏斌
陈晓菲
刘峥
秦国军
侯爵
李平
韦立宁
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GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER
Guilin University of Technology
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GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER
Guilin University of Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y02P40/121Energy efficiency measures, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods

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  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用干法水泥窑余热干化生活污泥及直接掺烧处理的方法。市政污泥先与氢氧化钠、丙三醇、二甘醇胺、烷基苯磺酸钠和水形成的添加剂混合,再计量加入煤粉和熟石灰后,在干化回转窑内被引入的干法水泥窑窑头余风或发电锅炉后的烟气干化。干化污泥混合物以空气泵的高压气间隔直接打入干法水泥窑窑尾与分解炉间的上升烟道内与窑内水泥原料混合掺烧。本发明不仅可以将干法水泥窑协同处置城市生活污泥过程中的臭味排放得到有效的控制,显著改善了作业环境,而且干化污泥混合物可直接入干法水泥窑窑尾掺烧成水泥熟料,对干法水泥窑生产工艺温度等参数影响较小,不影响水泥品质,达到对干法水泥窑余热和污泥有机质热量的利用,以及实现生活污泥的安全协同处置,具有显著的环境与经济效应。

The invention discloses a method for drying domestic sludge by utilizing waste heat of a dry process cement kiln and directly blending and burning it. Municipal sludge is first mixed with additives formed by sodium hydroxide, glycerol, diglycolamine, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and water, and then metered into coal powder and slaked lime, the dry sludge introduced into the drying rotary kiln Drying of residual air from the kiln head of French cement kilns or flue gas after power generation boilers. The dried sludge mixture is directly injected into the ascending flue between the kiln tail of the dry process cement kiln and the calciner through the high-pressure air interval of the air pump, and mixed with the cement raw materials in the kiln for blending and burning. The invention can not only effectively control the odor emission in the co-processing of urban domestic sludge in the dry process cement kiln, and significantly improve the working environment, but also the dry sludge mixture can be directly put into the tail of the dry process cement kiln for blending and firing Cement clinker has little influence on parameters such as the production process temperature of the dry process cement kiln, does not affect the quality of cement, achieves the utilization of the waste heat of the dry process cement kiln and the heat of the organic matter of the sludge, and realizes the safe co-processing of the domestic sludge. environmental and economic effects.

Description

利用干法水泥窑余热干化生活污泥及直接掺烧处理的方法The method of drying domestic sludge by using waste heat of dry process cement kiln and directly blending and burning it

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种利用干法水泥窑余热干化城市生活污泥以便于直接入窑掺烧处理的方法,特别是一种利用干法水泥窑生产线余热发电锅炉后烟气以及窑头余风干化城市生活污泥,并直接入窑掺烧处理的方法。 The invention relates to a method for drying urban domestic sludge by using the waste heat of a dry-process cement kiln so that it can be mixed and fired directly into the kiln for treatment, especially a method for drying the flue gas after the power generation boiler by using the waste heat of the dry-process cement kiln production line and the residual air of the kiln head Municipal domestic sludge is directly put into the kiln for blending and burning treatment.

背景技术 Background technique

随着我国经济的持续发展,城市污水处理容量快速增长,污泥产生量急剧增加。十一五期末,全年全国湿污泥产量最高达到了2850万吨。仅就广西区为例,城市污水处理容量即呈快速增长趋势,2010年末,全区污水处理厂污泥年产量达到115万吨/年。我国现阶段污泥的主要处置方式是脱水后直接进行填埋或农业利用等(其中农业利用约占44.8%、陆地填埋约占31%)。由于污水处理厂产生的污泥含有大量的难降解的有机物、病菌以及少量的重金属(铜、镍、锌、镉、铬、铅、砷、汞等)和复杂的无机物成份,采用填埋、堆肥等处置方式不仅占用土地资源和对人类的健康造成严重的危害、还会造成恶臭、温室气体排放和土壤重金属污染等二次污染。由于我国工业经济高速发展,产生大量的污水处理厂污泥,现有的处置方式占用了大量的耕地和造成重金属污染所形成的严峻形势,已成为当今我国日益突出的社会矛盾和环保难题。 With the continuous development of my country's economy, the capacity of urban sewage treatment has increased rapidly, and the amount of sludge generated has increased sharply. At the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the annual national wet sludge production reached a maximum of 28.5 million tons. Taking Guangxi as an example, the urban sewage treatment capacity has shown a rapid growth trend. At the end of 2010, the annual sludge output of sewage treatment plants in the whole district reached 1.15 million tons per year. At present, the main disposal methods of sludge in my country are direct landfill or agricultural utilization after dehydration (of which agricultural utilization accounts for about 44.8%, and landfill accounts for about 31%). Since the sludge produced by the sewage treatment plant contains a large amount of refractory organic matter, germs and a small amount of heavy metals (copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic, mercury, etc.) and complex inorganic components, landfill, Disposal methods such as composting not only occupy land resources and cause serious harm to human health, but also cause secondary pollution such as odor, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil heavy metal pollution. Due to the rapid development of my country's industrial economy, a large amount of sludge from sewage treatment plants is produced. The existing disposal methods occupy a large amount of cultivated land and cause heavy metal pollution. The severe situation has become an increasingly prominent social contradiction and environmental protection problem in our country today.

在国际上,欧、日等一些发达国家早在2005年就禁止工业和生活污泥填埋,污水处厂(站)生产的污泥主要采用污泥热干化焚烧的方式进行处理,近年来污泥热干化焚烧技术在西方工业发达国家得到了广泛的推广,成为污泥处理的主要方式。现在世界各国对污泥处理处置的方向是走无害化、减量化、资源化的发展道路。我国也于2009-02-18颁布《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策(试行)》,鼓励采用干化焚烧方式,提高污泥的热能利用效率,无害化、减量化和资源化将成为我国污泥处理与处置的主要方向。近几年我国在上海等地开始引进国外成熟的污泥单独的干化焚烧技术与设备建立示范工程,但该设备造价高(以日处理350吨湿污泥的全套设备造价达到8000万元左右)和运行成本大(每吨湿污泥处理费用约为350元),在我国及尤其广西区现阶段经济能力下要大规模推广较为困难。现阶段我国消化吸收国外先进的污泥直接单独干化焚烧技术、开发适合我国国情的污泥减量化技术仍处于研发阶段,仍需解决设备投资大和运行本高的难题,并且无法处理聚合硫酸铁等无机絮凝剂产生的污泥。以垃圾焚烧厂、热电厂等与其他物料进行的混合焚烧技术国内已取得了一定的应用经验。但由于垃圾焚烧厂、热电厂都有发电的要求,实际运行中大量接收热值低的污泥较为困难,满足不了日益增长的污水处理厂污泥处理容量要求。 Internationally, some developed countries such as Europe and Japan banned industrial and domestic sludge landfills as early as 2005, and the sludge produced by sewage treatment plants (stations) is mainly treated by sludge thermal drying and incineration. Sludge thermal drying and incineration technology has been widely promoted in western industrialized countries and has become the main method of sludge treatment. At present, the direction of sludge treatment and disposal in all countries in the world is to take the development path of harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization. On February 18, 2009, my country also promulgated the "Technical Policy for Sludge Treatment and Disposal and Pollution Prevention of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants (Trial)", encouraging the use of dry incineration methods to improve the thermal energy utilization efficiency of sludge, harmless, and reduce And resource utilization will become the main direction of sludge treatment and disposal in my country. In recent years, my country has begun to introduce foreign mature sludge drying and incineration technology and equipment in Shanghai and other places to establish demonstration projects, but the cost of this equipment is high (the cost of a complete set of equipment for processing 350 tons of wet sludge per day reaches about 80 million yuan ) and high operating costs (about 350 yuan per ton of wet sludge treatment), it is difficult to promote it on a large scale in my country and especially in Guangxi at the current stage of economic capacity. At this stage, my country is still in the research and development stage of digesting and absorbing foreign advanced sludge direct drying and incineration technology, and developing sludge reduction technology suitable for my country's national conditions. It still needs to solve the problems of large equipment investment and high operating cost, and it is impossible to process polymeric sulfuric acid. Sludge produced by inorganic flocculants such as iron. The mixed incineration technology of waste incineration plants, thermal power plants, etc. and other materials has obtained certain application experience in China. However, since waste incineration plants and thermal power plants have power generation requirements, it is difficult to receive a large amount of sludge with low calorific value in actual operation, which cannot meet the increasing sludge treatment capacity requirements of sewage treatment plants.

由于污水处理厂污泥中除了含有有机物外往往还含有无机物,这些无机物主要含有SiO2、A12O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO等成分,与许多建筑材料成分相似(例如表一)。利用干化后的污泥与水泥原料共烧不仅可以利用污泥的有机物热值(例如表二),还可以作为水泥生产的原料,同时污泥中含有的重金属被熟料吸收,从而达到无害化、减量化、资源化,生态效果较好。因此,国家鼓励利用水泥窑炉掺烧污水处理厂污泥等的技术研究,为污泥处置寻求新的方式,以克服污泥单独干化焚烧技术的高能耗缺点。例如,广西区现有大小水泥厂240多家,“十一五”结束后全区水泥产能总量已达到8780 吨/年,新型干法水泥比例占到81%,现已有12 个市建有年产超过100 万吨的新型干法水泥生产线,这为采用与水泥原料混合焚烧处理广西区城市污水处理厂污泥创造了有利的条件。因此,利用水泥窑炉干化掺烧污水处理厂污泥的减量化技术与装备将是我国一些地区生活污泥处理与处置的新途径。 In addition to organic substances, sludge from sewage treatment plants often also contains inorganic substances. These inorganic substances mainly contain SiO 2 , A1 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO and other components, which are similar to the components of many building materials (such as Table one). The co-firing of dried sludge and cement raw materials can not only utilize the calorific value of organic matter in sludge (such as Table 2), but also be used as raw materials for cement production. At the same time, heavy metals contained in sludge are absorbed by clinker, so as to achieve no harm, reduction, and resource utilization, and the ecological effect is good. Therefore, the state encourages the use of cement kilns to blend and burn sewage treatment plant sludge, etc., to find new ways for sludge disposal, so as to overcome the high energy consumption shortcomings of sludge drying and incineration technology alone. For example, there are more than 240 large and small cement factories in Guangxi. After the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the total cement production capacity in the region has reached 8,780 tons per year, and the proportion of new dry process cement accounts for 81%. There is a new dry-process cement production line with an annual output of more than 1 million tons, which creates favorable conditions for the use of mixed incineration with cement raw materials to treat sludge from urban sewage treatment plants in Guangxi District. Therefore, using cement kiln to dry and co-fire sewage treatment plant sludge reduction technology and equipment will be a new way of domestic sludge treatment and disposal in some areas of our country.

表一、污泥灰分中无机化合物的含量 (wt%)  Table 1. Content of inorganic compounds in sludge ash (wt%)

污泥产地Sludge origin SiO2 SiO 2 Al2O3 Al 2 O 3 Fe2O3 Fe2O3 _ Na2ONa 2 O K2OK 2 O MgOMgO CaOCaO 柳州Liuzhou 52.2852.28 17.4417.44 10.8310.83 0.340.34 2.292.29 1.791.79 4.364.36 桂林Guilin 43.3543.35 19.4519.45 11.3411.34 0.510.51 2.492.49 2.262.26 4.854.85 (水泥原料)粘土(cement raw material) clay 66.3266.32 15.8615.86 5.085.08 <1.50<1.50 <2.50<2.50 1.401.40 1.091.09 (水泥原料)煤灰(cement raw material) coal ash 53.8453.84 30.4230.42 5.165.16 -- -- 1.301.30 4.524.52

表二、污泥的含水量及燃烧热值特性 Table 2. Water content and combustion calorific value characteristics of sludge

污泥产地Sludge origin 含水量 (wt%)Moisture content (wt%) 干化污泥燃烧热 (kJ/kg)Combustion heat of dried sludge (kJ/kg) 桂林Guilin 87.3787.37 30713071 柳州Liuzhou 80.1680.16 27232723

    干化回转窑水泥生产线的窑头冷却余风和窑尾预热器C1分离器出口的烟气等仍含有不低的热量。以广西区内的兴安海螺和扶绥海螺二家公司的约210T/h(即210吨/小时)熟料生产能力的干化回转窑生产线为例,窑头余风温度约为360-400℃,其中进入发电锅炉的余风约为18-20万m3/h,同时从C1分离器出口的烟气温度约为340-350℃,烟气流量约为22-26万m3/h。上述烟气经发电锅炉后的烟气温度仍高达210℃左右,是可再利用来干化城市生活污泥较理想的热源,可以节省能源成本。 The kiln head cooling residual air of the drying rotary kiln cement production line and the flue gas at the outlet of the kiln tail preheater C1 separator still contain a lot of heat. Take the drying rotary kiln production line with clinker production capacity of about 210T/h (210 tons/hour) of Xing'an Conch and Fusui Conch in Guangxi as an example. The residual air temperature at the kiln head is about 360-400°C. The residual air entering the power generation boiler is about 180,000-200,000 m 3 /h, while the temperature of the flue gas exiting the C1 separator is about 340-350°C, and the flow rate of the flue gas is about 220,000-260,000 m 3 /h. The flue gas temperature after the above-mentioned flue gas passes through the power generation boiler is still as high as 210°C, which is an ideal heat source that can be reused to dry urban domestic sludge, which can save energy costs.

    城市生活污泥中含有一部分易腐化分解的有机质,在适宜的条件下,会分解释放出强烈难闻的气味和有毒有害的气体。因此,污泥干化处理过程会产生浓度较高的恶臭气体,例如硫化氢、硫醇及甲硫醇,它们是污泥脱臭的主要控制指标。尤其是硫醇及甲硫醇粘附性很强,吸附在织物等衣物上产生难言的恶臭。因而,现有的余热干化城市生活污泥的方法中,无论是采用间接干化或直接干化的方法,都不可避免地产生大量的上述恶臭气体,直接以及因设备泄漏造成作业产区的环境恶化。若将含有大量恶臭气体的干化尾气入窑焚烧,须将水汽分离,这将造成污泥的处置成本和装置投入的显著增加,并且大量的分离后的尾气入窑会造成水泥窑的工况严重波动;若将含有大量恶臭气体的干化尾气引入到水泥窑的排放系统,需增加吸收溶剂和吸收塔,并且吸收下来的硫化氢、硫醇及甲硫醇面临二次污染与处理的难题。这也是目前水泥生产产家不愿积极参与利用水泥窑炉干化掺烧污水处理厂污泥的困境之一。因此,有必要创新发展一种新的干化回转窑水泥生产线协同干化掺烧处置城市生活污泥的方法。 Municipal domestic sludge contains a part of organic matter that is perishable and decomposed. Under suitable conditions, it will decompose and release a strong unpleasant smell and toxic and harmful gases. Therefore, the sludge drying process will produce high concentrations of malodorous gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and methyl mercaptan, which are the main control indicators for sludge deodorization. In particular, mercaptan and methyl mercaptan are highly adhesive, and when adsorbed on clothes such as fabrics, they produce unspeakable stench. Therefore, in the existing methods for drying municipal domestic sludge with waste heat, no matter the method of indirect drying or direct drying is adopted, a large amount of the above-mentioned malodorous gases will inevitably be produced, which will directly and cause pollution in the production area due to equipment leakage. Environmental degradation. If the dry tail gas containing a large amount of malodorous gas is put into the kiln for incineration, the water vapor must be separated, which will cause a significant increase in sludge disposal costs and equipment investment, and a large amount of separated tail gas will cause cement kiln working conditions. Severe fluctuations; if the dry tail gas containing a large amount of malodorous gas is introduced into the discharge system of the cement kiln, it is necessary to increase the absorption solvent and the absorption tower, and the absorbed hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and methyl mercaptan face the problem of secondary pollution and treatment . This is also one of the predicaments that cement producers are reluctant to actively participate in the use of cement kilns to dry and burn sludge from sewage treatment plants. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate and develop a new method of co-drying and co-firing the drying rotary kiln cement production line to dispose of municipal domestic sludge.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种利用干法水泥窑余热干化城市生活污泥,干化时将硫化氢、硫醇及甲硫醇等恶臭气体组分固化到干化固相中,并将干化后的混合物直接入窑掺烧成水泥成分的处理方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dry urban domestic sludge utilizing the waste heat of dry process cement kiln. It is a treatment method in which the melted mixture is directly put into the kiln and mixed and fired to form cement components.

具体步骤为:  The specific steps are:

1)将污水厂的脱水污泥与煤粉、熟石灰和添加剂混合均匀,呈大小不均匀的粒状即污泥混合物;混合过程中,熟石灰吸收污泥中的水份水化,添加剂吸收并抑制污泥中臭味气体散发出来;所述煤粉、熟石灰和添加剂的质量分别为脱水污泥质量的10-12%、8-15%和1-3%;所述添加剂为氢氧化钠、丙三醇、二甘醇胺、烷基苯磺酸钠和水混合形成的乳化混合液,混合液中各组分的质量百分比为:氢氧化钠12-15%、丙三醇8-10%、二甘醇胺15-25%、烷基苯磺酸钠4-6%和水44-61%。 1) Mix the dewatered sludge from the sewage plant with coal powder, slaked lime and additives evenly to form a granular sludge mixture of uneven size; during the mixing process, the slaked lime absorbs the water in the sludge to hydrate, and the additives absorb and inhibit the sludge The smelly gas in the mud emits; the quality of the coal powder, slaked lime and additives are respectively 10-12%, 8-15% and 1-3% of the dewatered sludge quality; the additives are sodium hydroxide, glycerine Alcohol, diglycolamine, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and water are mixed to form an emulsified mixed solution. The mass percentage of each component in the mixed solution is: sodium hydroxide 12-15%, glycerol 8-10%, di Glycolamine 15-25%, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate 4-6% and water 44-61%.

2)将干法水泥窑窑头余风(温度为360-400℃)或发电锅炉后的烟气(温度约为210℃),通过引风机和旋风管输入到回转式干化窑即干化回转窑内。 2) The residual air from the kiln head of the dry process cement kiln (temperature is 360-400°C) or the flue gas after the power generation boiler (temperature is about 210°C) is input to the rotary drying kiln through the induced draft fan and the cyclone pipe, that is, the drying and rotating inside the kiln.

3)在干化回转窑的入口风管上置有污泥入口,将步骤1)所得污泥混合物机械输送到污泥入口处落入风管内,借助于风管内的旋风力将污泥混合物吹带入干化回转窑内;污泥混合物在干化回转窑内吸收烟气或余风的热量干化40-60分钟,使干化后的污泥混合物含水量小于10%;干化过程中,硫化氢、硫醇及甲硫醇恶臭气体组分与熟石灰反应生成硫化盐、醇盐等,以及被添加剂吸收,使恶臭气体组分固化到固相干化颗粒物料(即干化污泥混合物)中。 3) There is a sludge inlet on the inlet air pipe of the drying rotary kiln, and the sludge mixture obtained in step 1) is mechanically transported to the sludge inlet and falls into the air pipe, and the sludge mixture is blown by the cyclone force in the air pipe. Bring it into the drying rotary kiln; the sludge mixture absorbs the heat of flue gas or residual air in the drying rotary kiln and dries for 40-60 minutes, so that the water content of the dried sludge mixture is less than 10%; during the drying process, The malodorous gas components of hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and methyl mercaptan react with slaked lime to generate sulfide, alkoxide, etc., and are absorbed by additives, so that the malodorous gas components are solidified into solid-phase dry granular materials (that is, dried sludge mixture) middle.

其中:(1)污泥混合物进料量为:2.0-2.5T/h; Among them: (1) The feed amount of the sludge mixture is: 2.0-2.5T/h;

(2)引入的发电锅炉后的烟气(温度约为210℃)流量为:18-22万m3/h,或窑头余风(温度约为360-400℃)流量为:10-12万m3/h; (2) The flow rate of flue gas (temperature about 210°C) introduced after the power generation boiler is: 180,000-220,000 m 3 /h, or the flow rate of residual air at the kiln head (temperature is about 360-400°C): 100,000-120,000 m 3 /h;

4)干化回转窑排出的含水烟气引入水泥厂原有的烟气处理系统进行处理。 4) The water-containing flue gas discharged from the drying rotary kiln is introduced into the original flue gas treatment system of the cement plant for treatment.

5)步骤3)干化回转窑所得到固相干化颗粒物料(即干化污泥混合物)经球磨粉碎后进入加料仓,以空气泵的高压气间隔打入干法水泥窑窑尾与分解炉间的上升烟道内,燃烧分解后与窑内原料混合掺烧成水泥熟料,掺入量不大于水泥窑熟料生产能力的10%;空气泵压入的高压空气补充提供部分污泥燃烧需要的氧气,使污泥分解燃烧更完全;掺烧过程中,干化污泥混合物中所含有机质和煤粉提供热值补充污泥掺烧所需的热量,使水泥生产系统计量工艺参数波动最小,生产工艺温度参数不超出允许的±50℃波动范围;污泥中所含无机物组分以及干化污泥混合物中固化所含钙质无机组分则进入到水泥组成中成为水泥熟料,计量加入的氧化钙使污泥混合物本身在接近熟料熔化化学计量配比的工艺条件下熟化,迅速与生产线本身的原料熟化混合熔融,避免了污泥成分在高温熟化阶段的熟化不匀;而干化污泥混合物中固化所含恶臭气体组分被上升烟道内1000℃以上的高温分解成SO2,含碳有机物成分被高温燃烧分解成CO2,随分解炉上升烟气进入分解炉前段水泥生产系统由水泥生产线尾气处理系统处理后排放。 5) Step 3) The solid-phase dry granular material (that is, the dry sludge mixture) obtained by drying the rotary kiln is ball milled and then enters the feeding bin, and is driven into the tail of the dry-process cement kiln at intervals by the high-pressure air of the air pump and decomposed In the ascending flue between furnaces, after burning and decomposing, it is mixed with raw materials in the kiln and fired into cement clinker. The amount of mixing is not more than 10% of the clinker production capacity of the cement kiln; the high-pressure air injected by the air pump is supplemented to provide part of the sludge combustion. The required oxygen makes the sludge decompose and burn more completely; during the co-firing process, the organic matter and coal powder contained in the dried sludge mixture provide calorific value to supplement the heat required for the co-combustion of the sludge, which makes the measurement process parameters of the cement production system fluctuate Minimum, the temperature parameters of the production process do not exceed the allowable fluctuation range of ±50°C; the inorganic components contained in the sludge and the calcareous inorganic components solidified in the dried sludge mixture enter into the cement composition to become cement clinker The calcium oxide metered in makes the sludge mixture mature under the process conditions close to the clinker melting stoichiometric ratio, and quickly mixes and melts with the raw materials of the production line itself, avoiding the uneven curing of the sludge components in the high-temperature curing stage; The solidified odorous gas components in the dried sludge mixture are decomposed into SO 2 by the high temperature above 1000°C in the ascending flue, and the carbon-containing organic components are decomposed into CO 2 by high temperature combustion, and the flue gas enters the front section of the calciner with the rising flue gas of the calciner The cement production system is discharged after being treated by the tail gas treatment system of the cement production line.

本发明既利用了干法水泥窑余热、生活污泥的热值和残余组分,又减少了生活污泥干化掺烧过程中恶臭气体的排放,改善了生产作业环境,并且不影响水泥生产工艺和水泥品质。 The invention not only utilizes the waste heat of the dry process cement kiln, the calorific value and residual components of domestic sludge, but also reduces the discharge of malodorous gas during the drying and blending of domestic sludge, improves the production and operation environment, and does not affect cement production Workmanship and cement quality.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明添加剂的制备流程图。 Fig. 1 is the preparation flowchart of additive of the present invention.

图2为本发明利用干法水泥窑余热干化城市生活污泥并直接掺烧处理的方法流程图。 Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method for drying municipal domestic sludge by using the waste heat of a dry process cement kiln and directly blending and burning it.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

以下通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但应了解本发明不仅仅限定于所述实施例。 The present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the examples.

实施例: Example:

实施设备1:230T/h生料进料量的干法水泥生产线。 Implementation equipment 1: 230T/h dry process cement production line with raw material feed.

实施设备2:回转式干化窑,内腔直径约0.8米和长度约18米,内腔壁交错布置有约20cm长的折型抄板。 Implementation equipment 2: Rotary drying kiln, the inner cavity has a diameter of about 0.8 meters and a length of about 18 meters, and the walls of the inner cavity are staggered with folding planks about 20 cm long.

生活污泥来源:某市政脱水活性污泥,含水率约80.05%,可灼烧物(有机物)含量约13.95%,干化污泥热值约6000 kJ/kg(大卡),残存无机物含量约6.0%(其中含SiO2 52.28%、Al2O3 17.44%、Fe2O3 10.83%、 Na2O 0.34%、K2O 2.29%、MgO 1.79%、CaO 4.36%等)。 The source of domestic sludge: a municipal dewatered activated sludge, with a moisture content of about 80.05%, a content of combustible matter (organic matter) of about 13.95%, a calorific value of dried sludge of about 6000 kJ/kg (kcal), and a content of residual inorganic matter About 6.0% (including SiO 2 52.28%, Al 2 O 3 17.44%, Fe 2 O 3 10.83%, Na 2 O 0.34%, K 2 O 2.29%, MgO 1.79%, CaO 4.36%, etc.).

(1)将氢氧化钠、丙三醇、二甘醇胺、烷基苯磺酸钠和水,分别按质量百分比15%、10%、20%、5%和50%称量后,将氢氧化钠和水溶解混合,再依次加入丙三醇、二甘醇胺和烷基苯磺酸钠,搅拌混合均匀,形成乳化混合液,即为添加剂混合液,该混合物可稳定保存一个月以上。 (1) After weighing sodium hydroxide, glycerol, diglycolamine, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and water according to mass percentages of 15%, 10%, 20%, 5% and 50% respectively, the hydrogen Dissolve and mix sodium oxide and water, then add glycerol, diglycolamine and sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate in sequence, stir and mix evenly to form an emulsified mixed solution, which is the additive mixed solution, and the mixture can be stored stably for more than one month.

(2)将污水厂脱水活性污泥每批次投入10吨到混料仓内,边搅拌边加入0.3吨步骤1)所得添加剂混合液,随后加入1吨已磨细煤粉和0.8吨熟石灰8%继续混合均匀;混合后的污泥混合物呈大小不均匀的固相粒状。 (2) Put 10 tons of dewatered activated sludge from the sewage plant into the mixing bin, add 0.3 tons of the additive mixture obtained in step 1) while stirring, and then add 1 ton of finely ground coal powder and 0.8 tons of slaked lime8 %Continue to mix evenly; the mixed sludge mixture is in the shape of solid phase particles with uneven size.

(3)将水泥生产线发电锅炉排出的温度为210℃烟气不经省煤器,通过单独设置的引风机和旋风风管输入到干化回转窑内,烟气引入量约为22万m3/h。 (3) The flue gas discharged from the power generation boiler of the cement production line with a temperature of 210°C is input into the drying rotary kiln through a separately installed induced draft fan and cyclone air pipe without passing through the economizer, and the flue gas introduced is about 220,000 m 3 /h.

干化回转窑的运行参数维持窑炉运转速度1.5-2.0转/min之间,炉体预热3小时。以皮带输送机将步骤2)所得预混合好的污泥混合物输入送到干化回转窑入口风管上的加料斗里,落入风管内,借助风管内的旋风风力将污泥混合物吹带入干化回转窑内进行回转干化;污泥混合物进料量控制在2.4 T/h,干化时间通过控制窑炉运转速度加以调整控制,使污泥混合物在干化回转窑内干化时间不少于60分钟;当干化回转窑运转速度为1.5转/min时,干化后的污泥混合物含水量经测定为8.89%。 The operating parameters of the drying rotary kiln are maintained at a kiln operating speed of 1.5-2.0 rpm, and the furnace body is preheated for 3 hours. The pre-mixed sludge mixture obtained in step 2) is input to the hopper on the air duct at the inlet of the drying rotary kiln with a belt conveyor, and falls into the air duct, and the sludge mixture is blown into the Rotary drying is carried out in the drying rotary kiln; the feed rate of the sludge mixture is controlled at 2.4 T/h, and the drying time is adjusted and controlled by controlling the kiln operating speed, so that the drying time of the sludge mixture in the drying rotary kiln will not vary. Less than 60 minutes; when the drying rotary kiln operating speed is 1.5 rpm, the water content of the dried sludge mixture is measured to be 8.89%.

(4)干化回转窑出料口处落下的干化污泥混合物转运到球磨机球磨1小时研磨粉碎,干化回转窑窑尾排出的含水蒸气烟气引入到水泥厂的烟气处理系统进行处理后再排放;粉碎后的干化污泥混合物吊至新型干法水泥生产线分解炉与上升烟道处的操作平台上并注入到单独设置的进料仓里,以空气泵的高压气间隔打入新型干法水泥生产线分解炉底处的烟道入窑掺烧;空气泵每间隔20s打一次料,每次打入的干化污泥混合物料为3.2 kg。 (4) The dried sludge mixture falling from the outlet of the drying rotary kiln is transferred to the ball mill for 1 hour of grinding and crushing, and the steam-containing flue gas discharged from the tail of the drying rotary kiln is introduced into the flue gas treatment system of the cement plant for treatment Then discharge; the crushed dry sludge mixture is hoisted to the operation platform at the calciner and the ascending flue of the new dry process cement production line and injected into the separately set feeding bin, and injected by the high-pressure air of the air pump at intervals The flue at the bottom of the decomposition furnace of the new dry process cement production line is fed into the kiln for mixed combustion; the air pump pumps the material every 20s, and the mixed material of the dried sludge is 3.2 kg each time.

以空气泵的高压气将干化污泥混合物间隔打入新型干法水泥生产线分解炉底处的烟道入窑掺烧,其目的是要解决物料入窑困难问题,并可使物料入窑后能迅速得到分散,同时空气泵压入的高压空气可补充提供部分污泥燃烧需要的氧气,使污泥分解燃烧更完全。另外,更重要的原因是间隔进料可以使水泥窑生产工艺参数稳定平衡快,波动较小。由于干化污泥混合物本身的有机物具有大量的热值,通过计算加入的煤进一步提供了足够的热量,这样可使水泥窑生产工艺温度参数不超出允许的波动范围。本实施例中,污泥入窑掺烧后,新型干法水泥生产线煅烧回转窑内的温度仅下降了10℃。同时计量加入的氧化钙可使污泥混合物本身在接近熟料熔化化学计量配比的工艺条件下熟化,可迅速与生产线本身的原料熟化混合熔融,避免了污泥成分在高温熟化阶段的熟化不匀。 Use the high-pressure air of the air pump to drive the dried sludge mixture into the flue at the bottom of the decomposition furnace of the new dry process cement production line at intervals and enter the kiln for blending. It can be quickly dispersed, and at the same time, the high-pressure air pressed by the air pump can supplement and provide the oxygen needed for part of the sludge combustion, so that the sludge can be decomposed and burned more completely. In addition, the more important reason is that feeding at intervals can make the production process parameters of cement kiln stable and balanced quickly, with less fluctuation. Since the organic matter in the dried sludge mixture itself has a large amount of calorific value, the added coal can further provide enough heat through calculation, so that the temperature parameters of the cement kiln production process will not exceed the allowable fluctuation range. In this example, after the sludge is blended into the kiln, the temperature in the calcining rotary kiln of the new dry process cement production line only drops by 10°C. At the same time, the calcium oxide metered in can make the sludge mixture mature under the process conditions close to the stoichiometric ratio of clinker melting, and can be quickly mixed and melted with the raw materials of the production line itself, which avoids the insufficiency of the sludge components in the high-temperature curing stage. uniform.

实施例过程中,在生活污泥干化掺烧过程中添加煤粉、熟石灰和添加剂后,臭味的排放强度从2级以上降为1级以下,作业点的臭味强度从5级降为1级,具有明显的臭味去除效果。并且干化污泥入窑掺烧后水泥凝结时间、强度和性质等性能不仅没有下降,反而有所增强。通过实施例,说明了本方法在利用水泥生产过程的余热干化污泥同时可以将处置过程中的污泥臭味排放得到有效的控制,显著改善了作业环境,干化污泥混合物能入窑掺烧成水泥熟料,达到了水泥生产过程中余热的利用和污泥的协同处置,表明了本方法的可行性和创新性。 In the process of the embodiment, after adding coal powder, slaked lime and additives in the process of domestic sludge drying and co-combustion, the emission intensity of the odor is reduced from above level 2 to below level 1, and the odor intensity at the operating point is reduced from level 5 to Class 1, with obvious odor removal effect. Moreover, after the dried sludge is blended into the kiln and fired, the cement setting time, strength and properties not only do not decrease, but are enhanced. Through the examples, it is illustrated that this method can effectively control the sludge odor emission during the disposal process while using the waste heat in the cement production process to dry the sludge, which significantly improves the working environment, and the dried sludge mixture can be put into the kiln Blending and burning cement clinker can achieve the utilization of waste heat in the cement production process and the co-processing of sludge, which shows the feasibility and innovation of this method.

结果如下: The result is as follows:

(1)臭味排放: (1) Odor emission:

干化过程中,生活污泥单独进干化回转窑而不添加其他物料时,干化2小时后,可在试验点厂区外大约2公里处可感觉到明显的恶臭味,但没有恶心感。而在试验点附近50米范围内,作业人员易感显著,尤其是投料处个别操作人员,出现恶心感。作业人员所穿戴的工作服换下后第二天仍能在衣物上闻到臭味。当正常添加煤粉、熟石灰和添加剂后,在试验点厂区外大约2公里处已闻不到恶臭味,在试验点附近50米范围内,作业人员有轻微的臭味感。在投料处,操作人员仍能易感臭味,但没有恶心感。作业人员所穿戴的工作服换下后第二天在衣物上已闻不到臭味。因此,在生活污泥干化掺烧过程中添加煤粉、熟石灰和添加剂后,臭味的排放强度从2级以上降为1级以下,作业点的臭味强度从5级降为1级,具有明显的臭味去除效果。 During the drying process, when the domestic sludge enters the drying rotary kiln alone without adding other materials, after 2 hours of drying, you can feel an obvious foul smell about 2 kilometers away from the factory area of the test site, but there is no nausea . However, within 50 meters near the test point, the operators are significantly susceptible, especially some operators at the feeding place, feel sick. After the working clothes worn by the workers were changed, the odor could still be smelled on the clothes the next day. After normal addition of coal powder, slaked lime and additives, the stench can no longer be smelled about 2 kilometers away from the factory area of the test point, and within 50 meters near the test point, the workers have a slight sense of smell. At the feeding place, the operator is still susceptible to the odor, but there is no nausea. After the working clothes worn by the workers were changed, there was no smell on the clothes the next day. Therefore, after adding coal powder, slaked lime and additives in the process of domestic sludge drying and co-combustion, the emission intensity of odor will be reduced from level 2 to below level 1, and the odor intensity at the operating point will be reduced from level 5 to level 1. Has obvious odor removal effect.

在生产作业操作区10米范围内收集检测无组织排放的臭味浓度为:H2S浓度小于0.015mg/m3,甲硫醇浓度小于0.0055mg/m3,基本达到1级厂界标准。收集检测该水泥厂的烟囱排放口,已检测不到H2S和甲硫醇,这有可能即使干化后的排放烟气含有微量臭味但已被水泥厂的除尘塔吸收。另外,试验过程中水泥厂的烟囱排放气中SO2浓度试验前后都为10 mg/m3,说明污泥入窑掺烧对SO2排放的监测影响不大,水泥生产线的SO2排放仍在50 mg/m3国家特别排放限值以下。 The odor concentration collected and tested within 10 meters of the production operation area is: the concentration of H 2 S is less than 0.015mg/m 3 , and the concentration of methyl mercaptan is less than 0.0055mg/m 3 , basically reaching the first-level factory boundary standard. The chimney exhaust of the cement plant was collected and tested, and H 2 S and methyl mercaptan have not been detected, which may have been absorbed by the dust removal tower of the cement plant even though the exhausted flue gas after drying contains a small amount of odor. In addition, during the test, the concentration of SO 2 in the chimney exhaust gas of the cement plant was 10 mg/m 3 before and after the test, indicating that the mixed combustion of sludge into the kiln has little effect on the monitoring of SO 2 emissions, and the SO 2 emissions of the cement production line are still 50 mg/m 3 below the national special emission limit.

(2)水泥品质的比较: (2) Comparison of cement quality:

通过比较干化污泥混合物的入窑掺烧前后水泥品质的变化,可以从表三、表四和表五水泥品质的结果得到,本方法所得干化污泥混合物入水泥煅烧回转窑掺烧后水泥凝结时间、强度和性质等性能不仅没有下降,反而有所增强,表明了本方法的可行性。 By comparing the change of the cement quality before and after the dry sludge mixture is blended into the kiln, it can be obtained from the results of the cement quality in Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5. The performance of cement setting time, strength and properties not only did not decrease, but was enhanced, showing the feasibility of this method.

表三 污泥掺烧后水泥凝结时间的比较 Table 3 Comparison of cement setting time after sludge blending

试验性质experimental nature 初凝/minInitial setting/min 终凝/minFinal setting/min C3S/%C 3 S/% C2S/%C 2 S/% 正常生产normal production 142142 196196 42.5742.57 29.6329.63 污泥掺烧Sludge burning 137137 183183 45.7845.78 25.9825.98 GB 175-2007GB175-2007 ≥45≥45 ≤390≤390 50%~70%50%~70% 18%~30%18%~30%

表四 污泥掺烧后水泥强度的比较 Table 4 Comparison of cement strength after sludge blending

试验性质experimental nature 3d抗折/MPa3d bending resistance/MPa 3d抗压/MPa3d compression/MPa 28d抗折/MPa28d bending resistance/MPa 28d抗压/MPa28d compression/MPa 正常生产normal production 2.52.5 10.510.5 6.06.0 32.532.5 污泥掺烧Sludge burning 2.72.7 10.410.4 6.36.3 34.434.4 GB 175-2007GB175-2007 ≥2.5≥2.5 ≥10≥10 ≥5.5≥5.5 ≥32.5≥32.5

表五 污泥掺烧后水泥性能的比较 Table 5 Comparison of cement properties after sludge blending

试验性质experimental nature 烧失量/%Loss on ignition/% MgO/%MgO/% 碱含量/%Alkali content/% SO3/%SO 3 /% 细度/%Fineness/% 比表/(m2/kg)Specific table/(m 2 /kg) 正常生产normal production 0.370.37 1.691.69 0.240.24 0.130.13 2.72.7 359359 污泥掺烧Sludge burning 0.310.31 1.941.94 0.320.32 0.170.17 2.52.5 365365 GB 175-2007GB175-2007 ≤5.0≤5.0 ≤5.0≤5.0 ≤0.6≤0.6 ≤3.5≤3.5 ≤10≤10 ≥300≥300

Claims (1)

1. utilize dry-process cement rotary kiln waste heat mummification domestic sludge and directly mix and burn a method of processing, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
1) dewatered sludge of Sewage Plant is mixed with coal dust, white lime and additive, be size inhomogeneous granular be mud mixture; In mixing process, white lime absorbs the moisture content aquation in mud, and additive absorbs and suppresses odorous gas in mud and comes out; The quality of described coal dust, white lime and additive is respectively 10-12%, 8-15% and the 1-3% of dewatered sludge quality; Described additive is the emulsification mixed solution that sodium hydroxide, glycerol, diglycolamine, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and water are mixed to form, and in mixed solution, the mass percent of each component is: sodium hydroxide 12-15%, glycerol 8-10%, diglycolamine 15-25%, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate 4-6% and water 44-61%;
2) by temperature, be that the dry-process cement rotary kiln kiln hood lingering remnants of past customs or the temperature of 360-400 ℃ is 210 ℃ of flue gases after electricity generation boiler, by induced draft fan and tornadotron, being input to rotary type mummification kiln is in drying rotary kiln;
3) on the entrance airduct of drying rotary kiln, be equipped with mud entrance, step 1) gained mud mixture mechanical transport is fallen in airduct to mud ingress, by means of the cyclonic wind in airduct, mud mixture is blown and brought in drying rotary kiln; Mud mixture absorbs the heat mummification 40-60 minute of flue gas or the lingering remnants of past customs in drying rotary kiln, makes the mud mixture water content after mummification be less than 10%; In drying process, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and thiomethyl alcohol foul gas component are reacted with white lime and are generated sulphide salt, alkoxide, and are added agent absorption, and making foul gas component be cured to solid phase mummification granule materials is in dewatered sludge mixture;
Wherein: (1) described mud mixture inlet amount is: 2.0-2.5t/h;
(2) described temperature is that the flue gas flow after the electricity generation boiler of 210 ℃ is: 18-22 ten thousand m 3/ h; Described temperature is that 360-400 ℃ of kiln hood lingering remnants of past customs flow is: 10-12 ten thousand m 3/ h;
4) humid flue gas that drying rotary kiln is discharged is introduced the original smoke processing system in cement mill and is processed;
5) step 3) drying rotary kiln gained dewatered sludge mixture enters feeding chamber after ball mill pulverizing, with the high pressure gas interval of pneumatic pump, squeeze in the funnel uptake between dry-process cement rotary kiln kiln tail and decomposing furnace, after combustion decomposition, mix and mix calcination of cement clinker with raw material in kiln, incorporation is not more than 10% of cement kiln clinker throughput; The oxygen that provides part sludge incineration to need is provided the high-pressure air that pneumatic pump is pressed into, and makes sludge disintegration burning more complete; Mix in burning process, in dewatered sludge mixture, contained organic matter and coal dust provide calorific value to supplement mud to mix and burn required heat, make cement production system metering process parameter fluctuation minimum, production technique temperature parameter do not exceed permission ± 50 ℃ of fluctuation ranges; In mud, in contained inorganics component and dewatered sludge mixture, solidifying contained calcareous inorganic component enters into cement composition and becomes cement clinker, the calcium oxide being metered into makes this slaking under the processing condition that approach grog fusing stoichiometric of mud mixture, avoided sludge components irregular in the slaking in high-temperature maturing stage rapidly and the raw material slaking mixed melting of production line itself; And solidify contained foul gas component in dewatered sludge mixture, by 1000 ℃ of above pyrolytic decompositions in funnel uptake, become SO 2, carbonaceous organic material composition is resolved into CO by high-temp combustion 2, with decomposing furnace rising flue gas, enter after decomposing furnace leading portion cement production system is processed by cement producing line exhaust treatment system and discharge.
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