CN103738477A - Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs - Google Patents
Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs Download PDFInfo
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- CN103738477A CN103738477A CN201410036332.5A CN201410036332A CN103738477A CN 103738477 A CN103738477 A CN 103738477A CN 201410036332 A CN201410036332 A CN 201410036332A CN 103738477 A CN103738477 A CN 103738477A
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for replacing an upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs. The method includes 1), arranging a plurality of limiting tugs on the stem of a floating production storage and offloading oil tanker; 2), mounting protractors on the mooring anchor legs; 3), descending a tensioner to the sea floor and then tightening an anchor chain; 4), cutting a loosened anchor chain ring; 5), demounting the tensioner; 6), regulating heading of the oil tanker to be perpendicular to the anchor legs; 7), uplifting the upper anchor cable; 8), demounting an old upper anchor cable section head; 9), pulling a new upper anchor cable section head to the bottom of a single point; 10), mounting the new upper anchor cable section head; 11), connecting the new upper anchor cable section head with one section of the anchor chain to form a complete anchor leg; 12), releasing an underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand to a natural state and demounting the same; 13), remeasuring water entry angle of the anchor legs and water depth and position of an lower anchor cable section head of the anchor legs. By the application of the method, all construction work like recycling the old anchor cable and mounting the new anchor cable are realized under the condition of not releasing the floating production storage and offloading oil tanker; therefore, production efficiency and reliability are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the replacing method of anchor hawser, relate in particular to the replacing method of anchor hawser on a kind of mooring anchor leg.Belong to Offshore Engineering field.
Background technology
At present, inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system is a kind of single buoy mooring system that oil tanker (FPSO) unloaded in Floating Production storage that is widely used in.After field facility place in operation, through operation for many years, damaging easily appears in single point mooring's anchor leg.In each component part of mooring anchor leg, upper anchor hawser is because of the long-term state in repeatedly shrinking and stretching, and the probability of its damage is very large.Fracture of wire and pine strand are the frequent damaged conditions of upper anchor hawser, when damage acquires a certain degree, and desired safety weight value when the maximum safe load value that upper anchor hawser can bear will design lower than single buoy mooring system.If now meet with violent typhoon or tropical storm, attack, upper anchor hawser likely can rupture, and brings very big potential safety hazard to oil field production facility.Therefore, once the upper anchor hawser of mooring anchor leg, there is serious fracture of wire or other serious situations, need carry out mooring system safety assessment, and determine whether replace with anchor hawser, to ensure the safe operation of single buoy mooring system and other field facilities.
STP type single buoy mooring system mostly is the mooring system of 9 legs (being divided into 3 bunches, every bunch of 3 anchor legs, 5 °, interval, 120 °, each bunch of interval) form.Every mooring anchor leg version is identical, comprising: then the anchor hawser being directly connected with single-point floating drum is one section of anchor chain that clump weight or counterweight chain have been installed, and is then the combination of anchor hawser and anchor chain, is finally anchoring pile.
The mode that on APLXing single point mooring (SPM) anchor leg when Floating Production storage is unloaded oil tanker (FPSO) and normally produced, anchor hawser is changed is: Floating Production storage is unloaded to oil tanker (FPSO) and free, seabed is sunk in the water filling of single-point floating drum, then, remove old upper anchor hawser, newer upper anchor hawser be installed, finally, single-point and Floating Production storage are unloaded to oil tanker (FPSO) tieback.Owing to relating to Floating Production storage, unload oil tanker (FPSO) and free and the work such as tieback, therefore, its work capacity is huge, and carries out need stop production in oil field in the situation that, and production loss is comparatively serious.
In addition, at anchor leg, under water aspect tensioning tieback, at present, conventional method is by mechanical tensioning instrument, it is connected with the anchor chain for the treatment of tensioning, and by lifting the working chain of mechanical tightener, realizes the tensioning of anchor leg; Then, then by saturated diver complete anchor leg tieback.But this anchor leg tensioning method, because the process of mechanical tensioning and tensioning degree are not easy to control, and high to operation boats and ships performance requriements, boats and ships need be equipped with large-scale loop wheel machine or winch (more than being generally 150T).Thereby the selection aspect of operation resources on board is limited larger, vessel expenses is higher, and the method is subject to inside even from weather large (the high 1.5m of general comprehensive wave or following can enforcement lift), and construction speed is wayward.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that prior art exists, and provide the replacing method of anchor hawser on a kind of mooring anchor leg, all constructions such as it can realize the tensioning of anchor leg and cutting in the situation that not freeing Floating Production storage and unloading oil tanker (FPSO) and do not affect normal production, remove old anchor cable section header, reclaim old anchor hawser, new anchor cable section header is installed, the new anchor hawser of lay, anchor leg tieback; Having greatly reduced Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker (FPSO) and frees and the work such as tieback; Production efficiency and reliability have been improved.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme:
A replacing method for anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:
The first step: the stern that unloads oil tanker 3 in Floating Production storage is arranged several spacing tugboats, makes bow that Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker 3 to being near a constant angle;
Second step: by air dive person 6 installation hornwork on the wirerope of the mooring anchor leg 18 at same depth of water place, to measure the angle of entrance degree of upper anchor hawser;
The 3rd step: underwater hydraulic tensioner transferred to seabed and be installed to the counterweight anchor chain front end of pending anchor leg, then, starting underwater hydraulic tensioner anchor chain is tightened up, the anchor of tensioning simultaneously leg 18;
The 4th step: after 18 tensionings of anchor leg, select lax anchor chain chain link between two tension points to cut;
The 5th step: after having cut, discharge underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand 13, make the relaxed state of anchor leg in not stressing, then remove being connected of underwater hydraulic tensioners and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain by saturated diver 15;
The 6th step: old upper anchor hawser remove and new upper anchor hawser 30 installation processes in, adjust Floating Production storage and unload oil tanker 3 bows to vertical with pending anchor leg;
The 7th step: air dive support ship 25 and paving cable ship respectively alongside unload the port and starboard of oil tanker 3 in Floating Production storage, by air dive person 6, in single-point bottom, leading sheave and guide cable are installed, and upper anchor hawser is slightly up carried, make anchor cable section header 28 in the state of not stressing;
The 8th step: socket end dismantling devices 27 on anchor hawser in special use is transferred to single-point bottom, by air dive person 6, connection structure is partly installed on socket end and is fixed, then, use this instrument to remove old upper anchor cable section header;
The 9th step: use guide cable 32 that socket end 28 on new upper anchor hawser is drawn to single-point bottom;
The tenth step: the position of anchor cable section header 28 and angle in adjustment, new upper anchor cable section header 28 is installed;
The 11 step: on the deck of paving cable ship, socket end 27 under new anchor hawser is connected with the shot shackle 35 salvaging, this section of anchor chain 35 carries out tieback by the anchor chain with seabed, and forms a complete anchor leg;
The 12 step: after new upper anchor hawser 30 laies complete, underwater hydraulic tensioner unclamps, and fully discharge steel strand, make the length of steel strand surpass the distance between two anchor chains 35, then, respectively underwater hydraulic tensioner steel structure is connected with two sections of anchor chains 35 with end anchor, starts underwater hydraulic tensioner two sections of anchor chains 35 are drawn over to one's side; By saturated diver 15, two sections of anchor chains 35 are coupled together, just complete anchor chain 35 tiebacks, and form a complete anchor leg, discharge underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand to state of nature, remove;
The 13 step: after anchor hawser 35 has been changed, remeasure the depth of water, the position of rope socket 27 under the angle of entrance degree of anchor leg 18 and anchor leg; Meanwhile, calculate angular deviation value, and under the angle of entrance degree before changing with anchor hawser 35 and anchor leg, the depth of water, the position of rope socket 27 compares, normal to guarantee single-point anchor leg structure.
In the described first step, during saturation diving operation, the bow that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in Floating Production storage is to over against pending anchor leg, and allows to fluctuate ± 20 ° within the scope of; The bow that during air dive operation, oil tanker 3 is unloaded in Floating Production storage to pending anchor leg between become a set angle, this set angle is generally 90 °, and allows to fluctuate ± 5 ° within the scope of.
In described the 3rd step, underwater hydraulic tensioner comprises: an oil cylinder 7, steel structure 8, pumping plant 9, end anchor 14, steel strand 13 and oil pipe 11, wherein, pumping plant 9 is positioned on construction ship deck 10, by oil pipe 11, by power transmission to oil cylinder 7; Oil cylinder 7 is fixed in steel structure 8; One end of steel structure 8 is connected with standing rigging 12; One end of steel strand 13 is through oil cylinder 7, and the other end of steel strand 13 is connected with end anchor 14; End anchor 14 is connected with standing rigging 12; Start after pumping plant 9, oil cylinder 7 can be made bidirectional-movement along steel strand 13.
In described the 5th step, saturated diver 15 removed after being connected of underwater hydraulic tensioners and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain, saturation diving supports that ship 4 has two kinds of selections: the one: only at old upper anchor hawser end anchor chain installation under-water robot, reclaim rigging, by the paving cable ship 24 that is loaded with under-water robot, reclaim voluntarily old upper anchor hawser; The 2nd, by saturation diving, support that ship 4 reclaims old upper anchor hawser end voluntarily, older upper anchor hawser end is passed to paving cable ship 24, by paving cable ship 24, carry out further recovery operation.
In described the 6th step, adjust bow that Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker 3 to vertical with pending anchor leg, and allow bow that Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker 3 to fluctuating ± 5 ° within the scope of.
In described the 8th step, on upper anchor hawser, socket end dismantling devices 27 is mainly to be connected to form by hydraulic actuating cylinder and connection structure two parts; Concrete installation process is as follows:
(1) winch 33 steel ropes on paving cable ship 24 are connected with upper anchor hawser;
(2) remove the insurance of socket end pin rod, primer fluid cylinder pressure ejects socket end pin rod, and upper anchor hawser is separated with single-point; Now, anchor hawser weight is transferred on paving cable ship 24 winch 33 steel ropes, frees old upper anchor hawser and the fixedly anticreep rigging between single-point, and the winch 33 of paving cable ship 24 starts to reclaim anchor hawser.
In described the 9th step, for fear of new upper anchor cable section header 28, in decentralization process, anchor hawser causes damage because degree of crook surpasses specified value, need first in new upper anchor hawser 30 decentralization processs, and the attitude in water-: catenary carries out dynamic calculation; Then, by result of calculation, instruct decentralization process, that is: control anchor hawser lowering velocity and construction ship and move ship's speed degree, wherein, in decentralization process, need away from single-point, anchor hawser be unfolded as far as possible with time shift ship, dwindle degree of crook, make both form an optimized matching, it is minimum that anchor hawser degree of crook reaches.
In described the 11 step, when the shot shackle 35 salvaging cuts, the centre portion of anchor chain 35 is used the mode of D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle combination 34 to carry out tieback; Therefore, on anchor chain 35, cut again two chain links; After cutting, then one end of shackle combination 22 is connected with anchor chain 35, then, the newer upper anchor hawser 30+ anchor chain 35+D type shackle combination 34 of lay.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the replacing to upper anchor hawser, can unload under the in-service condition of production of oil tanker (FPSO) and carry out in Floating Production storage, having avoided Floating Production storage to unload oil tanker (FPSO) frees and the work such as tieback, its work capacity greatly reduces, and now oil field, in normal production status, has greatly reduced production loss and the quality loss in oil field.
(2) hydraulic tensioning is incorporated into underwater construction, has broken away from the method for traditional anchor leg mechanical tensioning to the harsh constraint requiring of construction ship performance, greatly increased resources on board choice, significantly reduced expense, meanwhile, improved production efficiency and reliability.
(3) socket end hydraulic dismounting/mounting tool of the present invention, makes air dive person in single-point bottom, carry out the dismounting of anchor cable section header and the installation convenience and high-efficiency that becomes, and the time of removing or installing a upper latching connector socket end is about one day.
(4) by anchor hawser attitude (catenary) in water in the installation of socket end on new anchor hawser and anchor hawser lay process is carried out to computational analysis, Calculation results is used for instructing anchor hawser decentralization process, anchor hawser can not damaged because of overflexing, protected anchor hawser.
(5) design and the application of D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle combination, both satisfied code requirement, had met again the requirement of construction convenience.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
When Fig. 1 is anchor chain cutting of the present invention, FPSO bow is to controlling schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is anchor leg angle of entrance degree instrumentation plan of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is underwater hydraulic tension equipment schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the tensioning and cutting schematic diagram of anchor leg of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is anchor hawser of the present invention schematic diagram separated with anchor chain.
Fig. 6 is that the old anchor hawser end of the present invention is recycled to deck schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that on anchor hawser of the present invention, socket end is removed and accommodation schematic diagram is installed.
Fig. 8 is socket end dismounting schematic diagram on anchor hawser of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is that on the new anchor hawser of the present invention, socket end draws to single-point bottom schematic view.
Figure 10 is that D type shackle of the present invention connects two sections of anchor chain schematic diagrams.
Major label description in figure:
1. lead spacing tugboat, 2. assist spacing tugboat, 3. oil tanker is unloaded in Floating Production storage, 4. ship is supported in saturation diving, 5. angle gage, 6. air dive person, 7. oil cylinder, 8. steel structure, 9. pumping plant, 10. construction ship deck, 11. oil pipes, 12. standing riggings, 13. steel strand, 14. end anchors, 15. saturated divers, 16. diving bells, 17.5T water wings, 18. anchor legs, 19. rigging combinations, 20. anchor leg clump weights, socket end dismantling devices on 21. special-purpose upper anchor hawsers, 22.D type shackle combination, 23. cutter link, 24. paving cable ships, 25. air dives are supported ship, 26. fenders, socket end under 27. anchor hawsers, anchor cable section header on 28., 29. stern A hang, 30. new upper anchor hawsers, 31. leading sheaves, 32. guide cables, 33. winches, 34. anchor chains.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1-Figure 10, the present invention adopts following steps:
Near the first step: as shown in Figure 1, unload the stern of oil tanker 3 in Floating Production storage and arrange several spacing tugboats, limit Floating Production by tugboat and store up and unload the rotation of oil tanker 3 under wind, wave, stream effect, make its bow to being in a constant angle; Wherein, the quantity of spacing tugboat and horsepower need unload the combined factors such as size, the impact of stormy waves stream, the impact of interior wave current, the tugboat of oil tanker 3 be handling according to Floating Production storage to be determined, is generally to assist spacing tugboats 2 to form by a spacing tugboat 1 of master with two; The spacing work that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in Floating Production storage is mainly divided into two kinds: the one, and saturation diving construction operation, the 2nd, latching connector dismounting construction operation on the upper anchor hawser of air dive; Between saturation diving operational period;
1. first, the bow that Floating Production storage is unloaded to oil tanker 3 is to being controlled at over against the direction of pending anchor leg, and now, Floating Production storage is unloaded oil tanker 3 and supported ship 4 to form maximum angle with saturation diving, for saturated diver 15 cuts anchor chain under water, creates the safest accommodation condition; Floating Production storage is unloaded the bow of oil tanker 3 to allowing fluctuation within the scope of ± 20 °.
2. on the upper anchor hawser of air dive during latching connector dismounting construction operation, Floating Production storage unload oil tanker 3 bows to pending anchor leg between become a set angle, this set angle is mainly considered to determine from the convenience of upper anchor hawser folding and unfolding, is generally 90 °; Floating Production storage is unloaded the bow of oil tanker 3 to allowing fluctuation within the scope of ± 5 °, and this quantity for spacing tugboat, horsepower are selected and the handling of single tugboat self has harsh requirement.No matter be saturation diving operation or air dive operation, all need to formulate spacing watchdog routine and expeditious measures safely and effectively, to guarantee the safety of construction ship.
Second step: as shown in Figure 2, air dive person 6 installs special angle gage 5 on the wirerope of the mooring anchor leg 18 at same depth of water place.General measure cluster anchor leg; Meanwhile, saturated diver 15 swims out of from diving bell 16, measures the depth of water and the position of rope socket under anchor leg, is generally: measure cluster anchor leg; Anchor hawser angle of entrance degree situation of change before and after changing in order to anchor hawser in auxiliary judgment, the effect that in judge, anchor hawser is changed.
The 3rd step: as shown in Figure 3, underwater hydraulic tensioner is transferred to seabed and combine 19 by rigging and be installed to pending anchor leg clump weight 20 front ends, 5T water wings 17 is installed under water to offset its deadweight on hydraulic tensioner.Then, start underwater hydraulic tensioner anchor chain tightened up, for saturated diver 15 carry out anchor chain under water not the cutting of band power create conditions; Meanwhile, tensioning anchor leg 18; Wherein, underwater hydraulic tensioner comprises: oil cylinder 7, steel structure 8, pumping plant 9, end anchor 14, steel strand 13 and oil pipe 11, pumping plant 9 is positioned on the construction ship deck 10 more than water surface, by oil pipe 11, by power transmission to oil cylinder 7; Oil cylinder 7 is fixed in steel structure 8, is integrated.One end of steel structure 8 is connected with standing rigging 12, and the other end of steel structure 8 is without connection.One end of steel strand 13 is through oil cylinder 7, and the other end of steel strand 13 is connected with end anchor 14; End anchor 14 is connected with standing rigging 12; Start after pumping plant 9, oil cylinder 7 can be made bidirectional-movement along steel strand 13, to reach the object of tensioning or loose ends anchor leg.In steel strand 13 tensioning processes, unnecessary 13 both sides, one end that have standing rigging 12 to connect from steel structure 8 of steel strand skid off.
The principle of work of underwater hydraulic tensioner is: adopt large-tonnage suspender belt or other riggings that the steel structure 8 being located at outside oil cylinder 7 is connected with two points of anchor chain respectively with end anchor 14, then, start and be positioned at the hydraulic power unit 9 on construction ship, by oil pipe 11, drive oil cylinder 7 to start stroke.
The 4th step: as shown in Figure 4, after 18 tensionings of anchor leg, select lax anchor chain chain link between two tension points to cut, during cutting, use diamond line cast-cutting saw or other parting tools to cut at cutter link 23 places.When selecting cutting position, need to consider a shot shackle that upper anchor hawser after cutting and end connect and the friction force between sea bed, can make its end anchor chain that (is no more than underwater hydraulic tensioner maximal dilation length) and stops upper anchor hawser in compared with short range bounce back and keep state of equilibrium.
The 5th step: as shown in Figure 6, after having cut, discharge underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand 13, make the relaxed state of anchor leg in not stressing, then by saturated diver 15, remove being connected of underwater hydraulic tensioners and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain, now, saturation diving supports that ship 4 can have two kinds of selections: the one, only at old upper anchor hawser end anchor chain installation under-water robot (ROV), reclaim rigging, and by the paving cable ship 24 that is loaded with under-water robot (ROV), reclaim voluntarily old upper anchor hawser; The 2nd, by saturation diving, support that ship 4 reclaims old upper anchor hawser end voluntarily, then passed to paving cable ship 24, by paving cable ship 24, carry out further recovery operation.Two kinds of methods all can, according to practice of construction situation, determine.
The 6th step: as shown in Figure 7, old upper anchor hawser remove and new upper anchor hawser 30 installation processes in, need to adjust Floating Production storage and unload oil tanker 3 bows to extremely vertical with pending anchor leg, now, paving cable ship 24, air dive support that ship 25 and position to be onstructed, single-point bottom are all closest ranges.In order to prevent collision, at paving cable ship 24, air dive, support, between ship 25 and single-point, fender 26 is installed.In dismounting during anchor cable section header 28, air dive person 6 is in single-point bottom operation, and due to the special construction of APL single-point, and auxiliary dismounting rigging can be installed on the rotation of single-point structure and rotational structure not simultaneously; Now, in order not affect construction, and guarantee diver's safety, the bow that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in Floating Production storage to should be controlled at ± 5 ° within the scope of.In addition, because upper anchor hawser has lost the spacing ability to single-point floating drum after being removed, if now meet with inclement weather (being generally typhoon), do not have better expeditious measures to implement, single buoy mooring system may be dangerous, therefore, before changing construction, upper anchor hawser needs first to determine on following 2-3 days time inland seas that weather can construct after all right.
The 7th step: as shown in Figure 7, by air dive support ship 25 and paving cable ship respectively alongside in Floating Production storage, unload the port and starboard of oil tanker 3, air dive person 6 installs leading sheave 31 and guide cable 32 in single-point bottom, and by guide cable, the instruments such as Lever Blocks is passed to single-point bottom; Single-point is not installed anchor hawser anticreep rigging on rotational structure, and on rotational structure and rotational structure, guide chain is not installed at single-point, upper anchor hawser is slightly up carried, to offset its gravity, make anchor cable section header 28 places, as far as possible in the state of not stressing, for the dismounting of upper anchor cable section header 28 creates favorable conditions.
The 8th step: under leading sheave helps, socket end dismantling devices 27 on anchor hawser in special use is transferred to single-point bottom, wherein, on upper anchor hawser, socket end dismantling devices 27 is mainly to be connected to form by hydraulic actuating cylinder and connection structure two parts; By diver, use guide chain that connection structure is partly installed on socket end and is fixed, its concrete installation process is as follows:
(1) winch cable on paving cable ship is connected with upper anchor hawser, to prevent from removing after socket end, anchor hawser falls;
(2) remove the insurance of socket end pin rod, primer fluid cylinder pressure ejects socket end pin rod, and upper anchor hawser is separated with single-point; Now, anchor hawser weight is transferred on the steel rope of paving cable ship 24 winches 33, frees old upper anchor hawser and the fixedly anticreep rigging between single-point, and the winch 33 of paving cable ship 24 starts to reclaim anchor hawser.
The 9th step: as shown in Figure 9, use guide cable 32 that new upper anchor cable section header 28 is drawn to single-point bottom (go to sea before construction, new upper anchor hawser 30 coils in the cylinder into paving cable ship 24 in advance).
1. for fear of new upper anchor cable section header 28 in decentralization process, anchor hawser causes damage because degree of crook surpasses specified value, needs first in new upper anchor hawser 30 decentralization processs the attitude in water-: catenary carries out dynamic calculation;
2. by result of calculation, instruct decentralization process, that is: control anchor hawser lowering velocity and construction ship and move ship's speed degree, wherein, in decentralization process, need away from single-point, anchor hawser be unfolded as far as possible with time shift ship, dwindle degree of crook, make both form an optimized matching, it is minimum that anchor hawser degree of crook reaches; In addition, for preventing causing latching connector on anchor hawser to occur with the situation of single-point bottom male centering because anchor hawser reverses, need latching connector under anchor hawser 27 transfer rigging in install a Universal rotary trochanter additional, tonnage determines according to actual conditions.
The tenth step: position and the angle of using anchor cable section header 28 in guide chain adjustment, accurately group is right to make itself and single-point bottom male, then, be fixed, and the pin rod of upper anchor cable section header 28 is put into pin-and-hole, use socket end dismantling devices 21 on special-purpose upper anchor hawser, pin rod is all headed into pin-and-hole erection insurance sheet, just completed the installation of new upper anchor cable section header 28.
The 11 step: on the deck of paving cable ship, socket end 27 under new anchor hawser is connected with the shot shackle 34 salvaging, this section of anchor chain 34 carries out tieback by the anchor chain with seabed, and forms a complete anchor leg.According to DNV(Det Norske Veritas) standard and APL type single-point anchor chain shape, the centre portion of cutting anchor chain 34 need be used the mode of D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle combination 22 to carry out tieback.Therefore, for anchor leg length before and after guaranteeing construction does not change, the length of D type shackle combination 22 need be taken into account, on anchor chain 34, cut again two chain links (having cut a chain link under water).After cutting, then one end of D type shackle combination 22 is connected with anchor chain 34, then, repaves and put new upper anchor hawser 30+ anchor chain 34+D type shackle combination 22.During lay, to consider equally the catenary state of new anchor hawser 30, and use the stern A of paving cable ship 24 to hang 29 assistance and pass through Xia Shuiqiao.
The 12 step: after new upper anchor hawser 30 laies complete, the distance being checked between two sections of anchor chains 34 by saturated diver 15.Underwater hydraulic tensioner unclamps, and fully discharge steel strand, make the length of steel strand surpass the distance between two anchor chains 35, then, respectively underwater hydraulic tensioner steel structure is connected with two sections of anchor chains 35 with end anchor, starts underwater hydraulic tensioner two sections of anchor chains 34 are drawn over to one's side.Another D type shackle in saturated diver's 15 use D type shackle combinations 22 couples together two sections of anchor chains 34, just completes anchor chain 34 tiebacks, and forms a complete anchor leg, and so far new upper anchor hawser 30 installations complete.Discharge underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand to state of nature, it is removed from anchor leg.
The 13 step: after anchor hawser has been changed, remeasure the depth of water, the position of rope socket 27 under the angle of entrance degree of anchor leg 18 and anchor leg, simultaneously, calculate angular deviation value, and under the angle of entrance degree before changing with anchor hawser and anchor leg, the depth of water, the position of rope socket 27 compares, and guarantees that single-point anchor leg structure is normal.
Main spacing tugboat, auxiliary spacing tugboat, Floating Production storage unload that oil tanker, saturation diving are supported socket end dismantling devices on ship, angle gage, oil cylinder, pumping plant, oil pipe, standing rigging, steel strand, end anchor, diving bell, 5T water wings, anchor leg, anchor leg clump weight, the upper anchor hawser of special use, spread that socket end, upper anchor cable section header, stern A under cable ship, air dive support ship, fender, anchor hawser hang, anchor hawser, leading sheave, guide cable, winch, anchor chain are prior art, and the technology of not specified (NS) is prior art.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a replacing method for anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:
The first step: the stern that unloads oil tanker (3) in Floating Production storage is arranged several spacing tugboats, makes bow that Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker (3) to being near a constant angle;
Second step: by air dive person (6) installation hornwork on the wirerope of the mooring anchor leg (18) at same depth of water place, to measure the angle of entrance degree of upper anchor hawser;
The 3rd step: underwater hydraulic tensioner transferred to seabed and be installed to the counterweight anchor chain front end of pending anchor leg, then, starting underwater hydraulic tensioner anchor chain is tightened up, simultaneously tensioning anchor leg (18);
The 4th step: after anchor leg (18) tensioning, select lax anchor chain chain link between two tension points to cut;
The 5th step: after having cut, discharge underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand (13), make the relaxed state of anchor leg in not stressing, then remove being connected of underwater hydraulic tensioner and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain by saturated diver (15);
The 6th step: old upper anchor hawser remove and new upper anchor hawser (30) installation process in, adjust Floating Production storage and unload oil tanker (3) bow to vertical with pending anchor leg;
The 7th step: air dive support ship (25) and paving cable ship respectively alongside unload the port and starboard of oil tanker (3) in Floating Production storage, by air dive person (6), in single-point bottom, leading sheave and guide cable are installed, and upper anchor hawser is slightly up carried, make anchor cable section header (28) in the state of not stressing;
The 8th step: socket end dismantling devices (27) on anchor hawser in special use is transferred to single-point bottom, by air dive person (6), connection structure is partly installed on socket end and is fixed, then, use this instrument to remove old upper anchor cable section header;
The 9th step: use guide cable (32) that socket end (28) on new upper anchor hawser is drawn to single-point bottom;
The tenth step: position and the angle of anchor cable section header (28) in adjustment, new upper anchor cable section header (28) is installed;
The 11 step: on the deck of paving cable ship, socket end (27) under new anchor hawser is connected with the shot shackle salvaging (35), this section of anchor chain (35) carries out tieback by the anchor chain with seabed, and forms a complete anchor leg;
The 12 step: after new upper anchor hawser (30) lay completes, underwater hydraulic tensioner unclamps, and fully discharge steel strand, make the length of steel strand surpass the distance between two anchor chains (35), then, respectively underwater hydraulic tensioner steel structure is connected with two sections of anchor chains (35) with end anchor, starts underwater hydraulic tensioner two sections of anchor chains (35) are drawn over to one's side; By saturated diver (15), two sections of anchor chains (35) are coupled together, just complete anchor chain (35) tieback, and form a complete anchor leg, discharge underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand to state of nature, remove;
The 13 step: after anchor hawser (35) has been changed, remeasure the depth of water, the position of rope socket (27) under the angle of entrance degree of anchor leg (18) and anchor leg; Meanwhile, calculate angular deviation value, and under the angle of entrance degree before changing with anchor hawser (35) and anchor leg, the depth of water, the position of rope socket (27) compares, normal to guarantee single-point anchor leg structure.
2. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described first step, during saturation diving operation, the bow that oil tanker (3) is unloaded in Floating Production storage is to over against pending anchor leg, and allows to fluctuate ± 20 ° within the scope of; The bow that during air dive operation, oil tanker (3) is unloaded in Floating Production storage to pending anchor leg between become a set angle, this set angle is generally 90 °, and allows to fluctuate ± 5 ° within the scope of.
3. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the 3rd step, underwater hydraulic tensioner comprises: an oil cylinder (7), steel structure (8), pumping plant (9), end anchor (14), steel strand (13) and oil pipe (11), wherein, pumping plant (9) is positioned on construction ship deck (10), by oil pipe (11), by power transmission to oil cylinder (7); Oil cylinder (7) is fixed in steel structure (8); One end of steel structure (8) is connected with standing rigging (12); One end of steel strand (13) is through oil cylinder (7), and the other end of steel strand (13) is connected with end anchor (14); End anchor (14) is connected with standing rigging (12); Start after pumping plant (9), oil cylinder (7) can be made bidirectional-movement along steel strand (13).
4. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the 5th step, saturated diver (15) removed after being connected of underwater hydraulic tensioner and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain, saturation diving supports ship (4) to have two kinds of selections: the one: only at old upper anchor hawser end anchor chain installation under-water robot, reclaim rigging, by the paving cable ship (24) that is loaded with under-water robot, reclaim voluntarily old upper anchor hawser; The 2nd, by saturation diving, support ship (4) to reclaim voluntarily old upper anchor hawser end, older upper anchor hawser end is passed to paving cable ship (24), by paving cable ship (24), carry out further recovery operation.
5. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the 6th step, adjust bow that Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker (3) to vertical with pending anchor leg, and allow bow that Floating Production storage unloads oil tanker (3) to fluctuating ± 5 ° within the scope of.
6. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described the 8th step, on upper anchor hawser, socket end dismantling devices (27) is mainly to be connected to form by hydraulic actuating cylinder and connection structure two parts; Concrete installation process is as follows:
(1) winch (33) steel rope that will spread on cable ship (24) is connected with upper anchor hawser;
(2) remove the insurance of socket end pin rod, primer fluid cylinder pressure ejects socket end pin rod, and upper anchor hawser is separated with single-point; Now, anchor hawser weight is transferred on the steel rope of paving cable ship (24) winch (33), frees old upper anchor hawser and the fixedly anticreep rigging between single-point, and the winch (33) of paving cable ship (24) starts to reclaim anchor hawser.
7. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the 9th step, for fear of new upper anchor cable section header (28) in decentralization process, anchor hawser causes damage because degree of crook surpasses specified value, need first in new upper anchor hawser (30) decentralization process, the attitude in water-: catenary carries out dynamic calculation; Then, by result of calculation, instruct decentralization process, that is: control anchor hawser lowering velocity and construction ship and move ship's speed degree, wherein, in decentralization process, need away from single-point, anchor hawser be unfolded as far as possible with time shift ship, dwindle degree of crook, make both form an optimized matching, it is minimum that anchor hawser degree of crook reaches.
8. the replacing method of anchor hawser on mooring anchor leg according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the 11 step, during the shot shackle salvaging (35) cutting, the centre portion of anchor chain (35) is used the mode of D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle combination (34) to carry out tieback; Therefore, on anchor chain (35), cut again two chain links; After cutting, then one end of shackle combination (22) is connected with anchor chain (35), then, newer upper anchor hawser (30)+anchor chain (the 35)+D type shackle combination (34) of lay.
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| CN105173001A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-12-23 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Limiting protector for anchor cable rope joint |
| CN105197188A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 中海石油（中国）有限公司番禹作业公司 | Underwater suspended dynamic back-jointing tool and back-jointing method of mooring anchor leg |
| CN105216972A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-06 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | The control method of mooring system many ships work compound and device |
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| CN117382808A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2024-01-12 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | A bottom-mounted online mooring anchor chain tensioning device and tensioning method |
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| CN105173001A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-12-23 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Limiting protector for anchor cable rope joint |
| CN105216972A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-06 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | The control method of mooring system many ships work compound and device |
| CN105197188A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 中海石油（中国）有限公司番禹作业公司 | Underwater suspended dynamic back-jointing tool and back-jointing method of mooring anchor leg |
| CN105366005A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-02 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Mooring anchor leg replacement method |
| CN105366005B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-06-16 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | A kind of replacing options of mooring anchor leg |
| CN106741668A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | The mounting process of floating production storage offloading's tieback |
| CN106741668B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-07-10 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | The mounting process of floating production storage offloading's tieback |
| CN110844003A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-02-28 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Method for replacing mooring anchor legs by lifting double ships |
| CN110962993B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-11-19 | 天津大学 | Abdicating unloading balancer for offshore floating artificial island anchor cable |
| CN110962993A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-07 | 天津大学 | The unloading balancer for the anchor cable of offshore floating artificial island |
| CN111766665A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-10-13 | 安徽光纤光缆传输技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所) | Swivel for modular replacement of slip rings underwater |
| CN112875158A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-01 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Method for replacing fully mechanized coal mining face conveyor chain |
| CN112937760A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司 | Anti-falling device and method for mooring large cable friction chain |
| CN113212656A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-06 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Pipe cable lifting method for single-point cabin |
| CN113212656B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-07-01 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Pipe cable lifting method for single-point cabin |
| CN113959612A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-21 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Anchor holding power testing method |
| CN113959612B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-04-12 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Anchor holding power testing method |
| CN114112658A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-01 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | A kind of ship deck embedded mooring hole strength test device and test method |
| CN115071912B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-06-30 | 交通运输部上海打捞局 | Synchronous lifting process of special moon pool buoyancy tank |
| CN115140241A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-04 | 海洋石油工程股份有限公司 | Automatic tripping device for underwater mooring rope and anchor chain |
| CN117382808A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2024-01-12 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | A bottom-mounted online mooring anchor chain tensioning device and tensioning method |
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Address after: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Co-patentee after: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Co-patentee after: COOEC SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Co-patentee before: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Co-patentee before: COOEC SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Address after: 100010 No. 25 North Main Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Patentee after: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Patentee after: CNOOC Shenzhen Ocean Engineering Technology Service Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100010 No. 25 North Main Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee before: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Patentee before: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Patentee before: COOEC SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |