CN103736718A - Electrokinetic remediation method and device of heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Electrokinetic remediation method and device of heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及重金属污染土壤的电动修复方法及其装置，本发明提供一种重金属污染土壤的电动修复装置，所述装置包括前处理系统、直流稳压电源、电动电极等、主控制系统及后处理系统，其中，主控制系统连接并控制所述前处理系统、直流稳压电源和后处理系统；直流稳压电源为电动电极提供电源。电动土壤修复技术可实现重金属污染土壤的原位修复，不产生二次污染，处理成本较低。解决了常规土壤修复技术设备投资高、处理成本高、易造成二次污染等难题。
The present invention relates to an electric restoration method and device for heavy metal-contaminated soil. The present invention provides an electric restoration device for heavy metal-contaminated soil. system, wherein the main control system is connected to and controls the pre-processing system, the DC regulated power supply and the post-processing system; the DC regulated power supply provides power for the electric electrodes. Electrokinetic soil remediation technology can realize in-situ remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil without secondary pollution and low treatment cost. It solves the problems of high investment in conventional soil remediation technology equipment, high treatment cost, and easy to cause secondary pollution.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及重金属污染土壤的电动修复方法及其装置。The invention relates to an electrodynamic restoration method and a device for soil polluted by heavy metals.
背景技术Background technique
土壤污染在很长一段时间内没有受到应有关注。目前由于各种污染物引起的土壤污染问题相当严重。土壤受到污染后，含污染物质浓度较高的污染表土容易在风力和水力作用下分别进入到大气和水体中，导致大气污染、地表水和地下水污染以及生态系统退化等其它次生生态环境问题。重金属污染土壤面广量多，其中大中城市郊区蔬菜的重金属污染尤为严重。据国家环境保护总局发布的2000年中国环境状况公报上的数据显示：对30万hm2基本农田保护区土壤有害重金属抽样监测，其中3.6万hm2土壤重金属超标，超标率达12.1%。重金属污染的土地，所生产的农产品大多会对人体造成重大的伤害，如镉过多的稻田中会生产出“镉米”，人吃了“镉米”以后会引发“痛痛病”。因此发展高效环境修复技术已经成为中国环境领域重要而迫切的任务。Soil pollution has not received the attention it deserves for a long time. At present, the problem of soil pollution caused by various pollutants is quite serious. After the soil is polluted, the polluted topsoil with high concentration of pollutants is easy to enter the atmosphere and water body under the action of wind and water respectively, leading to other secondary ecological environmental problems such as air pollution, surface water and groundwater pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Heavy metal polluted soil is widespread and abundant, and the heavy metal pollution of vegetables in the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities is particularly serious. According to the 2000 China Environmental Status Bulletin issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, the sampling monitoring of harmful heavy metals in the soil of 300,000 hm2 basic farmland protection areas showed that 36,000 hm2 of soil heavy metals exceeded the standard, and the exceeding rate reached 12.1%. Most of the agricultural products produced on land polluted by heavy metals will cause serious harm to the human body. For example, "cadmium rice" will be produced in rice fields with too much cadmium, and people will cause "itai disease" after eating "cadmium rice". Therefore, the development of efficient environmental remediation technology has become an important and urgent task in China's environmental field.
土壤和地下水的修复技术从操作原理上可分为物理修复、化学修复以及生物修复三大类；从操作方式可以分为异位修复和原位修复两种。其中常见的有客土法、热处理法、固定/稳定化法、化学修复法、生物修复法、植物修复法和化学淋洗法等等，但是这几种方法都有一定的适用范围限制，例如，客土法工程量比较大，易产生二次污染，对土壤及生态环境破坏大；热处理法设备投资及处理成本高；生物修复法中微生物在土壤中的移动性差，易受污染物的毒性效应抑制，并且微生物/酶制剂会带来次生污染；植物修复法中超积累植物对污染物的吸收和积累极为缓慢，修复往往需要几个生长季节；淋洗法对土壤要求较高，土壤必须有较高的渗透能力，并且淋洗剂土壤截留会带来二次污染。Soil and groundwater remediation technologies can be divided into three categories: physical remediation, chemical remediation, and biological remediation in terms of operating principles; in terms of operation methods, they can be divided into ex-situ remediation and in-situ remediation. The common ones are guest soil method, heat treatment method, fixation/stabilization method, chemical remediation method, biological remediation method, phytoremediation method and chemical leaching method, etc., but these methods have certain limitations in the scope of application, such as , the engineering quantity of guest-soil method is relatively large, it is easy to produce secondary pollution, and it will cause great damage to the soil and ecological environment; the heat treatment method has high equipment investment and treatment costs; the mobility of microorganisms in the soil in the bioremediation method is poor, and they are susceptible to the toxicity of pollutants Effect inhibition, and microorganisms/enzyme preparations will cause secondary pollution; in phytoremediation, hyperaccumulative plants absorb and accumulate pollutants very slowly, and remediation often takes several growing seasons; leaching method has higher requirements on soil, and soil must It has a high penetration capacity, and the soil interception of the leaching agent will cause secondary pollution.
近10年发展的绿色修复技术—电动修复弥补了这些方法的不足，并且已经成功地应用于实际土壤中重金属污染的治理，显示出巨大的应用前景，成为土壤修复的重要发展方向。电动修复的基本原理是将电极对插入污染土壤中，在电极对上施加直流电后电极对之间形成直流电场。利用土壤孔隙中的地下水或者外加电解质溶液作为导电介质，电场条件下带电离子向相应的电极区迁移，同时，土壤孔隙中的溶液通过电渗向阴极迁移，污染物主要通过电迁移和电渗方式离开处理区，从而达到修复的目的。The green remediation technology developed in the past 10 years—electric remediation has made up for the shortcomings of these methods, and has been successfully applied to the treatment of heavy metal pollution in actual soil, showing great application prospects and becoming an important development direction of soil remediation. The basic principle of electrokinetic remediation is to insert a pair of electrodes into the contaminated soil, and then apply a direct current to the pair of electrodes to form a direct current electric field between the pair of electrodes. Using the groundwater in the soil pores or the external electrolyte solution as the conductive medium, the charged ions migrate to the corresponding electrode area under the electric field condition. At the same time, the solution in the soil pores migrates to the cathode through electroosmosis, and the pollutants mainly pass through electromigration and electroosmosis. Leave the treatment area, so as to achieve the purpose of repair.
发明内容Contents of the invention
电动土壤修复技术可实现重金属污染土壤的原位修复，不产生二次污染，处理成本较低。解决了常规土壤修复技术设备投资高、处理成本高、易造成二次污染等难题。Electrokinetic soil remediation technology can realize in-situ remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil without secondary pollution and low treatment cost. It solves the problems of high investment in conventional soil remediation technology equipment, high treatment cost, and easy to cause secondary pollution.
本发明提供一种重金属污染土壤的电动修复装置，所述装置包括前处理系统、直流稳压电源、电动电极等、主控制系统及后处理系统，其中，主控制系统连接并控制所述前处理系统、直流稳压电源和后处理系统；直流稳压电源为电动电极提供电源。前处理系统：根据土壤前期检测情况，向土壤添加相关的药剂（络合剂或表面活性剂，根据检测结果按需要添加）或电解质，以改善土壤阴阳离子结构，便于后期电解处理；直流稳压电源：提供稳定的低压直流电，作为土壤修复系统动力；电动电极：阳极采用石墨电极，阴极采用阳离子选择性膜电极，便于电解产生的酸向土壤中的扩散，使土壤形成电渗系统，便于介质中物质的迁移，同时阻止阴极产生的碱向土壤的扩散；后处理系统：土壤电解修复完成后，对系统电极区的土壤采用离子交换萃取或电沉积的方法去除，完成整个土壤重金属的修复。The invention provides an electric restoration device for heavy metal polluted soil. The apparatus includes a pretreatment system, a DC stabilized power supply, an electric electrode, etc., a main control system and a postprocessing system, wherein the main control system is connected to and controls the pretreatment System, DC regulated power supply and post-processing system; DC regulated power supply provides power for the motorized electrodes. Pre-treatment system: According to the soil pre-testing situation, add relevant chemicals (complexing agents or surfactants, according to the test results, as needed) or electrolytes to the soil to improve the structure of soil anions and cations, and facilitate the later electrolytic treatment; DC voltage stabilization Power supply: provide stable low-voltage direct current as the power of the soil remediation system; motorized electrodes: the anode uses graphite electrodes, and the cathode uses cation-selective membrane electrodes, which facilitate the diffusion of acid generated by electrolysis into the soil, making the soil form an electroosmotic system, which is convenient for the medium At the same time, it prevents the diffusion of alkali generated by the cathode to the soil; post-treatment system: after the completion of soil electrolysis, the soil in the electrode area of the system is removed by ion exchange extraction or electrodeposition to complete the restoration of heavy metals in the entire soil.
所述电动电极采用阳极采用石墨电极，阴极采用阳离子选择性膜。The electrokinetic electrode uses a graphite electrode for the anode, and a cation-selective membrane for the cathode.
进一步地，本发明提供一种重金属污染土壤的电动修复方法，污染土壤经过检测及分级，进入前处理系统进行预先处理，然后将电动电极对插入污染土壤中，在电极对上施加直流电后电极对之间形成直流电场，利用土壤孔隙中的地下水或者外加电解质溶液作为导电介质，电场条件下带电离子向相应的电极区迁移，同时，土壤孔隙中的溶液通过电渗向阳极迁移，污染物主要通过电迁移和电渗方式离开处理区，从而达到修复的目的。Furthermore, the present invention provides an electrokinetic remediation method for heavy metal-contaminated soil. After the contaminated soil is detected and classified, it enters the pre-treatment system for pretreatment, and then the electrokinetic electrode pair is inserted into the polluted soil, and a direct current is applied to the electrode pair. A DC electric field is formed between them, using the groundwater in the soil pores or the external electrolyte solution as the conductive medium, the charged ions migrate to the corresponding electrode area under the electric field condition, and at the same time, the solution in the soil pores migrates to the anode through electroosmosis, and the pollutants mainly pass through Electromigration and electroosmosis leave the treatment area, so as to achieve the purpose of repair.
本发明关键技术在于可实现重金属污染土壤的原位修复，直流电源控制及电极。电极采用阳极采用石墨电极，阴极采用不锈钢电极。The key technology of the invention lies in that it can realize in-situ restoration of heavy metal polluted soil, direct current power supply control and electrodes. The electrode adopts graphite electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例，本发明的以上和其它方面及优点将变得更加易于清楚，在附图中：The above and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1为本发明的重金属污染土壤的电动修复方法及其装置的处理工艺流程。Fig. 1 is the process flow of the electrokinetic remediation method and device for heavy metal polluted soil of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下文中，现在将参照附图更充分地描述本发明，在附图中示出了各种实施例。然而，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实施，且不应该解释为局限于在此阐述的实施例。相反，提供这些实施例使得本公开将是彻底和完全的，并将本发明的范围充分地传达给本领域技术人员。Hereinafter, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments are shown. However, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
在下文中，将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
电动修复金属污染土壤技术的原理如下：类似于电池，利用插入介质（土壤）中的两个电极在污染介质两端加上低压直流电场，再低强度直流电的作用下，水溶的或者吸附在土壤颗粒表层的污染物根据各自所带电荷的不同而向不同的电极方向运动；同时阳极附近的酸开始向土壤的毛细孔移动，打破污染物与介质的结合键。同时，大量的水以电渗析方式在介质中流动，土壤等介质毛细孔中的液体被带到阳极附近，重金属离子向阴极迁移，在电场作用下，可以将溶解到介质溶液中的污染物吸收至土壤表层得以去除。通过电化学和电动力学的复合作用，土壤中的带电颗粒在电场内定向移动，土壤污染物在电极附近富集或者被收集会回收。污染物的去除包括电迁移、电渗析、电泳和酸性迁移等4种电动力学过程。The principle of electrodynamic restoration of metal-contaminated soil technology is as follows: similar to a battery, two electrodes inserted into the medium (soil) are used to apply a low-voltage DC electric field at both ends of the contaminated medium, and under the action of low-intensity DC, water-soluble or adsorbed in the soil Pollutants on the surface of the particles move toward different electrodes according to their charges; at the same time, the acid near the anode begins to move toward the capillary pores of the soil, breaking the bond between the pollutants and the medium. At the same time, a large amount of water flows in the medium in the form of electrodialysis, and the liquid in the capillary pores of the medium such as soil is brought to the vicinity of the anode, and the heavy metal ions migrate to the cathode. Under the action of the electric field, the pollutants dissolved in the medium solution can be absorbed. to the soil surface to be removed. Through the compound action of electrochemistry and electrokinetics, the charged particles in the soil move directionally in the electric field, and the soil pollutants are enriched near the electrodes or collected and recycled. The removal of pollutants includes four electrokinetic processes: electromigration, electrodialysis, electrophoresis and acid migration.
参考附图1，本发明提供一种重金属污染土壤的电动修复装置，所述装置包括前处理系统、直流稳压电源、电动电极等、主控制系统及后处理系统，其中，主控制系统连接并控制所述前处理系统、直流稳压电源和后处理系统；直流稳压电源为电动电极提供电源。前处理系统：根据土壤前期检测情况，向土壤添加相关的药剂（络合剂或表面活性剂，根据检测结果按需要添加）或电解质，以改善土壤阴阳离子结构，便于后期电解处理；直流稳压电源：提供稳定的低压直流电，作为土壤修复系统动力；电动电极：阳极采用石墨电极，阴极采用阳离子选择性膜电极，便于电解产生的酸向土壤中的扩散，使土壤形成电渗系统，便于介质中物质的迁移，同时阻止阴极产生的碱向土壤的扩散；后处理系统：土壤电解修复完成后，对系统电极区的土壤采用离子交换萃取或电沉积的方法去除，完成整个土壤重金属的修复。With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the present invention provides a kind of electric restoration device of heavy metal polluted soil, described device comprises pretreatment system, direct current stabilized voltage power supply, electric electrode etc., main control system and aftertreatment system, wherein, main control system is connected and The pre-processing system, the DC stabilized power supply and the post-processing system are controlled; the DC stabilized power supply provides power for the electric electrodes. Pre-treatment system: According to the soil pre-testing situation, add relevant chemicals (complexing agents or surfactants, according to the test results, as needed) or electrolytes to the soil to improve the structure of soil anions and cations, and facilitate the later electrolytic treatment; DC voltage stabilization Power supply: provide stable low-voltage direct current as the power of the soil remediation system; motorized electrodes: the anode uses graphite electrodes, and the cathode uses cation-selective membrane electrodes, which facilitate the diffusion of acid generated by electrolysis into the soil, making the soil form an electroosmotic system, which is convenient for the medium At the same time, it prevents the diffusion of alkali generated by the cathode to the soil; post-treatment system: after the completion of soil electrolysis, the soil in the electrode area of the system is removed by ion exchange extraction or electrodeposition to complete the restoration of heavy metals in the entire soil.
所述电动电极阳极采用石墨电极，阴极采用阳离子选择性膜电极。The anode of the electrokinetic electrode is a graphite electrode, and the cathode is a cation-selective membrane electrode.
进一步地，本发明提供一种重金属污染土壤的电动修复方法，污染土壤经过检测及分级，进入前处理系统进行预先处理，然后将电动电极对插入污染土壤中，在电极对上施加直流电后电极对之间形成直流电场，利用土壤孔隙中的地下水或者外加电解质溶液作为导电介质，电场条件下带电离子向相应的电极区迁移，同时，土壤孔隙中的溶液通过电渗向阴极迁移，污染物主要通过电迁移和电渗方式离开处理区，从而达到修复的目的。Furthermore, the present invention provides an electrokinetic remediation method for heavy metal-contaminated soil. After the contaminated soil is detected and classified, it enters the pre-treatment system for pretreatment, and then the electrokinetic electrode pair is inserted into the polluted soil, and a direct current is applied to the electrode pair. A DC electric field is formed between them, using the groundwater in the soil pores or the external electrolyte solution as the conductive medium, the charged ions migrate to the corresponding electrode area under the electric field conditions, and at the same time, the solution in the soil pores migrates to the cathode through electroosmosis, and the pollutants mainly pass through Electromigration and electroosmosis leave the treatment area, so as to achieve the purpose of repair.
本发明关键技术在于可实现重金属污染土壤的原位修复，直流电源控制及电极。电极采用阳极采用石墨电极，阴极采用不锈钢电极。The key technology of the invention lies in that it can realize in-situ restoration of heavy metal polluted soil, direct current power supply control and electrodes. The electrode adopts graphite electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明。本发明可以有各种合适的更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various suitable modifications and variations are possible in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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