CN103726654A - Method for constructing special-shaped thin shell of concrete structure - Google Patents
Method for constructing special-shaped thin shell of concrete structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure. The method includes the following steps of firstly, conducting spatial localization, setting up a three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell, sectioning the model to form slices, setting up a database of coordinates of all the slices, taking intersection points of the horizontal cross section and the sectioning face as control points, forming a database of coordinates of the control points, and conducting surveying and lining; secondly, erecting a formwork, wherein the formwork comprises a supporting frame arranged inside, a main keel arranged on the supporting frame, an auxiliary keel arranged on the main keel, and a formwork, and the auxiliary keel is covered with the formwork; thirdly, conducting reinforcing bar engineering, namely, setting reinforcing bars outside the formwork, and forming a reinforcement fabric; fourthly, conducting concrete construction, namely, pouring concrete on site in different areas and different sections to form the thin shell; fifthly, removing loads from the body of the thin shell and conducting monitoring at the same time. The formwork which forms the special-shaped thin shell after construction is conducted is formed with modeling wood, and the shape and the stress condition of the formed special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure meet the design requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special-shaped thin shell construction, in particular to a construction method of a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure.
Background
With the development of the times, more and more public buildings such as theaters, stations and museums adopt unique appearance designs to achieve the effects of beauty and novelty. Such as a building, a bird nest, etc. of a chinese central television station. Compared with the regular shapes such as the common rectangular parallelepiped, the spherical shape and the like, the buildings are collectively called special-shaped buildings. A plurality of special-shaped buildings adopt special-shaped thin shell structures, and the special-shaped thin shell structures mainly adopt steel structure construction, namely the thin shell structures are formed by steel materials. And for the construction of the concrete structure of the special-shaped thin shell, relevant theory and practical experience are lacked. The invention aims to solve the problem of special-shaped thin shell construction of a concrete structure, and the technical scheme of the invention is obtained through exploration tests.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a construction method of a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure to finish the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a construction method of a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) the space positioning is divided into two steps: firstly, establishing a three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell for a virtual modeling step, then adopting BIM software to select a plurality of parallel cutting planes to cut the three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell, wherein two adjacent cutting planes form a slice, the thickness of the slice is between 100mm and 300mm, in the area with larger curvature change of the special-shaped thin shell, the thickness of the slice is reduced, drawing of DWG format of each slice is derived, a coordinate database of all slices is established, the three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell is cut by adopting horizontal sections with equal intervals, and the intersection point of the horizontal section and the cutting planes is used as a control point to form a control point coordinate database;
secondly, a measurement paying-off step is carried out: the reference line is released on the first floor ground, the first floor ground is utilized to position and pay off the part below the preset height, and the part above the preset height is positioned and paid off after the measurement and pay-off platform is arranged: determining a control point and a control line on the inner surface of the special-shaped thin shell according to the control point coordinate database by a total station arranged on the first floor or a measurement paying-off platform;
(2) erecting a mold frame: the die carrier comprises four parts, namely an internal support frame, a main keel arranged on the support frame, a secondary keel arranged on the main keel and a template covering the secondary keel, and the shapes of the main keel and the secondary keel are determined according to the slicing drawing obtained in the step (1);
(3) and (3) steel bar engineering: arranging reinforcing steel bars along the outer side of the template to form a reinforcing steel bar mesh;
(4) concrete construction: concrete is poured in sections in a field in a subarea manner to form a thin shell;
(5) unloading the shell and monitoring simultaneously, wherein the unloading step of the shell is to dismantle the template and the support frame step by step, the monitoring step comprises stress monitoring and deformation monitoring, wherein,
and monitoring the stress: carrying out construction process simulation analysis according to BIM software, determining a rod piece needing to monitor internal force, arranging strain gauges on the rod piece, and regularly reading the numerical value of each strain gauge and comparing the numerical value with a design value;
the deformation monitoring comprises the following steps: and carrying out construction process simulation analysis according to BIM software, determining monitoring points needing displacement monitoring, scanning the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at regular time by using a total station, and comparing the three-dimensional coordinates with a design value.
Preferably, the formwork erection in the step (2) specifically comprises:
(21): setting up a support frame, wherein the support frame adopts a cross scaffold, the upper end of each vertical rod of the cross scaffold is provided with a top support, and the angle of each top support relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted according to the radian of the top surface of the shell of the special-shaped thin shell;
(22): erecting a main keel, and determining the shape of the main keel: leading out the DWG format drawings of the plane and the solid of each slice and a plurality of sections of each slice in the letter axis direction by using BIM software, determining the number and the shape of the main keels forming each slice according to the shapes of the slices, thereby accurately drawing the shape of each main keel and numbering the main keels, then processing the main keels and respectively erecting the main keels on the jacking;
(23): erect the secondary joist along the crossing direction with the primary joist on the primary joist to adopt the small powder to support the pad to the design height with the secondary joist, wherein, the shape of secondary joist is confirmed: deriving a slicing drawing in the direction of a digital axis by using BIM software, and determining the chord height of each secondary keel, wherein the secondary keels are placed in a staggered and superposed manner by adopting three layers of square timbers so as to meet the change of field curvature;
(24): and laying a formwork on the secondary keel along the direction of the secondary keel.
Preferably, the main keel comprises two types: the maximum chord height is greater than or equal to 8 cm; the second type main keel with the maximum chord height less than 8 cm; the first type of main keel comprises main square wood arranged along a cutting plane and contacted with a top support, first modeling wood adhered to the upper surface of the first main square wood and arranged along the length direction of the first main square wood, and wood strips clamped at two sides of the first modeling wood and adhered to the first main square wood and the first modeling wood to increase strength, wherein the upper surface of the first modeling wood is the same as the shape of a corresponding slice; the second type main keel comprises a second main square wood which is arranged along a cutting plane and is in contact with the top support, and a second modeling wood which is arranged above the second main square wood and along the length direction of the second main square wood, the upper surface of the second modeling wood is the same as the shape of the corresponding slice, and a plurality of supporting woods are arranged between the second modeling wood and the second main square wood.
Preferably, the step (2) of erecting the formwork further comprises the step of erecting an outer mold: and arranging an outer die in an area with the slope of the special-shaped thin shell larger than 30 degrees, wherein the outer die is made of a steel screen.
Preferably, in the concrete construction in the step (4), the special-shaped thin shell is divided into an area with the gradient smaller than 30 degrees and an area with the gradient larger than 30 degrees according to the gradient of the special-shaped thin shell, and the area with the gradient smaller than 30 degrees is poured at one time; and constructing the area with the gradient larger than 30 degrees according to a vertical shell construction method: every 900mm of height is divided into one section, the pouring is carried out once, and each section of concrete should be weighed when being poured.
Preferably, the concrete is added with an expansion fiber anti-cracking agent, wherein the expansion fiber anti-cracking agent accounts for 8-12% of the cement amount in percentage by weight.
Preferably, the unloading process of the shell in the step (5) is specifically as follows: selecting a plurality of axes along the direction of the main keel, wherein a plurality of rows of main keels are arranged between every two adjacent axes at intervals; firstly, descending the top support of the supporting vertical rod on the axis by a certain distance a, and then descending the top support on the supporting vertical rod between two adjacent axes by a certain distance b, wherein b is greater than a, so that the support of the top support on the template is changed from surface support to line support; and the unloading sequence is adjusted according to the deformation and stress monitoring data.
Preferably, in the step (1), the preset height is 4m to 5m when the measurement pay-off is performed.
The construction method of the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the template for forming the special-shaped thin shell is built by adopting the modeling wood, so that the construction of the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure is completed, and the shape and the stress condition of the special-shaped thin shell of the formed concrete structure meet the design requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a thin profiled shell of a concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of spatially positioning the three-dimensional model of the thin profile shell shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows the structure of one of the slices and the scaffold.
Figure 4 shows a vertical pole and a top support structure at the top end of the vertical pole.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the section of fig. 3 and the main runner provided.
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the first main runner.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view along the direction B-B of fig. 6.
Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the second main runner.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view along direction C-C of fig. 8.
Figure 10 is a schematic view of the cross runners employed in this embodiment shown in an unflexed configuration (only one segment shown).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the examples, but without limiting the invention.
The construction method of the present invention will be described below by taking a thin profiled shell of a concrete structure shown in fig. 1 as an example. Wherein the three-dimensional model shown in fig. 1 is a BIM model of a theater. The construction method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The BIM software is a software commonly used in the construction field. The letter axis and the number axis are also two mutually perpendicular axes of orientation in the construction field.
The construction method of the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure of the embodiment sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) the space positioning is divided into two steps: firstly, a three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell shown in figure 1 is established according to a design scheme for a virtual modeling step. And then selecting a plurality of parallel cutting surfaces in the directions of the letter axis and the digit axis by BIM software to cut the three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell respectively, wherein two adjacent cutting surfaces form a slice, the thickness of the slice is between 100mm and 300mm, the thickness of the slice is reduced in an area with large curvature change of the special-shaped thin shell, drawing of DWG format of each slice is derived, and a coordinate database of all slices is established. It should be noted that the slices taken along the letter axis direction may be referred to as first slices, and the shape and number of the main runners are determined according to the shape of the first slices, corresponding to the arrangement of the main runners. The resulting slice along the digital axis may be referred to as a second slice for determining the degree of curvature of the cross runners. The slice thickness, i.e. the distance between two adjacent cutting planes, is adjustable, which in this embodiment is chosen to be 300mm, and in fact, reference lines are drawn on the ground at 300mm × 300mm, and the plane perpendicular to the ground and passing through each reference line is the cutting plane. The reference lines described above include transverse reference lines and longitudinal reference lines. In the embodiment, the cutting is performed along the direction of selecting the letter axis or the number axis, and practically, any mutually perpendicular direction is selected to perform the cutting, so that the cutting is feasible, and the cutting is flexibly selected according to the shape of the special-shaped thin shell to be built.
In fig. 2, both the transverse reference lines and the longitudinal reference lines are indicated with reference numeral 15. The intersection (reference point) of these transverse reference lines and longitudinal reference lines serves as a viewpoint, thereby determining the coordinates of each control point P1 on the inside of the shaped thin shell 1. The control lines and control points on the form shell 1 are chosen such that, starting from the ground, a horizontal cross section is provided at a certain step height, for example 300mm, which horizontal cross section is connected to the point of intersection on the form shell 1, i.e. the control line, and the point of intersection of the control line with the cutting plane, i.e. the control point, of which only one, i.e. point P1, is indicated in fig. 2. First, three-dimensional coordinate values of the control points are determined in the virtual model, and during construction, the shape of the special-shaped thin shell 1 can be controlled by controlling the coordinates of the control points. In the portion where the curvature of the special-shaped thin shell 1 is largely changed, if the shape is not well controlled by the pitch of 300mm × 300mm, the control points and the control lines are arranged in an encrypted manner, that is, by the pitch of 100mm × 100 mm.
Secondly, a measurement paying-off step is carried out: the reference line is released on the first floor, and positioning and paying-off are carried out on the part below the preset height by utilizing the first floor, wherein the preset height is selected to be 4.2m in the embodiment, and the height is determined according to construction requirements. And determining the actual positions of the control points during construction by a total station arranged on the reference point of the ground of the first floor according to the coordinates of the control points obtained from the three-dimensional model by taking the reference points as observation points during actual measurement. And continuously monitoring in the subsequent process, and ensuring that the special-shaped thin shell 1 obtained by construction is consistent with the designed shape.
For easy observation and from the viewpoint of facilitating construction. And for the part above the preset height, positioning and paying off are carried out by arranging a measuring paying-off platform, namely the measuring paying-off platform is erected, and a control point on the inner surface of the special-shaped thin shell 1 is determined according to a control point coordinate database through a total station arranged on the measuring paying-off platform, so that a control line is further determined. The advantage of setting up the measurement unwrapping wire platform is equivalent to upwards translating the observation point to reduce the observation degree of difficulty.
In the above steps, the spatial positioning is to determine the coordinates of the control points through the three-dimensional model, and to ensure the correct positions of the control points in the subsequent construction. The measurement paying-off is carried out on the actual operation on the site according to the space positioning condition to provide a basis for construction, and the measurement paying-off is based on the data of the space positioning.
(2) Erecting a mold frame: the die carrier comprises four parts, namely an internal support frame, a main keel arranged on the support frame, a secondary keel arranged on the main keel and a template covered on the secondary keel, and the shapes of the main keel and the secondary keel are determined according to the slice image obtained in the step (1); according to the slice image calculated by the BIM software, a 1500 mm-1500 mm square grid which is coaxial with the shell and has the same precision as the shell is measured on the ground, the support frame is erected according to the on-site square grid, a measurer checks the position accuracy and the verticality of the support frame at any time, and the problem is found and adjusted in time.
(3) And (3) steel bar engineering: arranging reinforcing steel bars along the outer side of the panel to form a reinforcing steel bar mesh, wherein all reinforcing steel bar joints are in lap joint, part of reinforcing steel bars are cut off in advance, and the lap joint positions of the reinforcing steel bars are considered in advance to avoid the positions with dense reinforcing steel bars;
(4) concrete construction: concrete is poured in sections in a field in a subarea manner to form a thin shell;
(5) unloading the shell and monitoring simultaneously, wherein the unloading step of the shell is to gradually remove the template and the support frame, the monitoring step comprises stress monitoring and deformation monitoring, wherein,
and (3) stress monitoring: carrying out construction process simulation analysis according to BIM software, determining a rod piece needing to monitor internal force, arranging strain gauges on the rod piece, and regularly reading the numerical value of each strain gauge and comparing the numerical value with a design value;
and (3) deformation monitoring: and carrying out construction process simulation analysis according to BIM software, determining monitoring points needing displacement monitoring, scanning the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at regular time by using a total station, and comparing the three-dimensional coordinates with a design value. And (2) setting the total station on a reference point (observation point) determined in the paying-off process in the step (1).
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the formwork erection in step (2) specifically includes:
(21): erecting a support frame, wherein the support frame adopts a cross plate scaffold 6 as shown in fig. 3, a top support 62 is arranged at the upper end of each upright post 61 as shown in fig. 4, the angle of each top support 62 relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted according to the radian of the top surface of the shell of the special-shaped thin shell 1, and the height of each top support 62 can also be adjusted;
(22): erecting a main keel, and determining the shape of the main keel: and (3) deriving the DWG format drawings of the plane and the solid of each slice in the letter axis direction and a plurality of sections of each slice by using BIM software, and determining the number and the shape of the main keels forming each slice according to the shapes of the slices as shown in figure 3, so as to accurately draw the shape of each main keel and carry out numbering on the main keels, and then processing the main keels and respectively erecting the main keels on the jacking. The basic method is that a mode of bending into straight is adopted, and a plurality of main keels are spliced into a slice shape. Each main keel is equivalent to a chord thereof when viewed from the side of the chip, and the shape of the designed chip is formed by adopting modeling wood.
(23): erect the secondary joist along the crossing direction with the primary joist on the primary joist to adopt the small powder to support the pad to the design height with the secondary joist, wherein the shape of secondary joist is confirmed: and (4) deriving a slice image in the direction of a digital axis by using BIM software, and determining the chord height of each secondary keel. As shown in fig. 10, the secondary keel 7 is formed by overlapping three layers of square wood 71 in a staggered manner to meet the change of field curvature, the square wood 71 for manufacturing the secondary keel 7 is strip wood and has high elasticity, the secondary keel shown in fig. 10 is in an unbent state, and the bent square wood 71 is arranged layer by layer to form the secondary keel during construction. In order to ensure the change of the curvature of the thin-shell structure on the drawing, the directions of the secondary keels are parallel to the direction of the digital axis, and the distance between the secondary keels is determined to be 300mm through calculation, and the height is not less than 82 mm. Drawing the chord height of each secondary keel according to a digital axis direction slice diagram, wherein the secondary keel is made of square wood with the thickness of 35mm multiplied by 80mm, and the chord height of the secondary keel is supported and cushioned to a corresponding height by the square wood and the small template materials according to actual conditions.
(24): and laying a formwork on the secondary keel along the direction of the secondary keel. The bottom plate of the template is made of 15mm high-quality wood plywood, is processed into the size of 300 multiplied by 600 (mm), and is laid along the direction of the secondary keel. And after the template is laid, the template is the shape of the inner surface of the special-shaped thin shell, and in order to ensure the construction quality, the measurement is continuously carried out in the process of laying the main keel, the secondary keel and the template, and the three-dimensional coordinate of each jacking center is ensured to be consistent with the designed three-dimensional coordinate. And (3) controlling according to the coordinates of the control points determined in the step (1) in order to ensure the shape of the designed model to be consistent, and basically ensuring that the shape of the special-shaped thin shell is consistent with the designed shape as long as the coordinates of the control points are consistent with the designed coordinates.
The following describes the arrangement of the main runners with reference to fig. 4 to 9, and in this embodiment, different types of main runners are determined and selected according to the maximum chord height for the convenience of manufacture and construction.
The main runners include two types: the main keel with the maximum chord height larger than or equal to 8cm is a first type of main keel; the main keel with the maximum chord height less than 8cm is a second type of main keel. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the first type main runner 5 includes a first main square lumber 51 disposed along a cross-sectional plane and contacting the top bracket, a first molding lumber 52 bonded to an upper surface of the first main square lumber 51 and disposed along a length direction of the first main square lumber 51, an upper surface 521 of the first molding lumber 52 having the same shape as a cut piece corresponding thereto, and bars 53 clamped to both sides of the first molding lumber 52 and bonded to the first main square lumber 51 and the first molding lumber 52 to increase strength. The first modeling wood 52 and the first main square wood 51 can also be of an integrated structure, cross section processing is carried out by adopting a cutting saw and a sliding table saw, a processing surface is planed and planed by adopting a planer and a thicknesser, then curved surface cutting is carried out by using an electric planer to scribe, and finally the wood is bonded and formed by using Taier glue. If the first modeling wood 52 can be bonded with the first main square wood 51 after being separately processed and molded from the aspects of material saving and manufacturing convenience, the shape of the upper surface 521 of the first modeling wood 52 is generally arc-shaped, the specific shape of the upper surface 521 is determined according to the shape of the sliced sheet, and the shape of the upper surface 521 of the first modeling wood 52 is not the same in the length direction of the first modeling wood 52 but is determined according to the shape of the sliced sheet, that is, the shapes of different parts of the upper surface 521 of the first modeling wood 52 are determined according to the shapes of the sliced sheets in a plurality of sections, that is, the shapes of a plurality of sections on the upper surface 521 of the first modeling wood 52 are determined, and the adjacent sections are partially smoothly transited, so as to achieve the purpose of approximating to a designed curved surface. The more sections are selected, the closer the shape of the first modeling wood 52 is made to the design drawing.
Because the maximum chord height of the second type main keel is less than 8cm, the second type main keel adopts another structure. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the second type main runner 4 includes a second main square lumber 41 arranged along the cutting plane and contacting the top support, a second modeling lumber 42 arranged above the second main square lumber 41 and along the length direction of the second main square lumber 41, an upper surface 421 of the second modeling lumber 42 has the same shape as the corresponding cut piece, and a plurality of support lumber 43 are arranged between the second modeling lumber 42 and the second main square lumber 41. The plurality of support bars 43 maintain the second modeling wood 42 in a predetermined arc in the length direction of the second main square wood 41. Similarly, the curvature of the upper surface 421 of the second modeling wood 42 in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the second modeling wood 42 is processed according to the shape of the section of the sliced piece.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the step of erecting the formwork in the step (2) further includes a step of erecting an outer mold: the special-shaped thin shell is divided into two parts according to the gradient of the special-shaped thin shell, an outer die is arranged in an area with the gradient larger than 30 degrees, the outer die is made of steel plate meshes, the supporting height of each outer die is 900mm, and a flowing water construction section is formed. In the area with the gradient larger than 30 degrees, the concrete is not easy to form, so the external mold is added, the concrete is easy to form and solidify, and the formed shape is ensured to be the same as the designed shape.
Specifically, in the concrete construction in the step (4), the special-shaped thin shell is divided into two areas according to the gradient of the special-shaped thin shell, wherein the area with the gradient smaller than 30 degrees and the area with the gradient larger than 30 degrees are divided into two areas, and the dividing line is positioned on the template by adopting a total station. Wherein, the area with the gradient less than 30 degrees is poured at one time; the area with a gradient greater than 30 ° is constructed according to the vertical shell construction method (which is a relatively conventional construction method): every 900mm of height is divided into one section, pouring is carried out once, each section of concrete is weighed when being poured, and the stress in the template and the formed thin shell is consistent and uniform as much as possible. In order to ensure the forming quality of concrete, an expansion fiber anti-cracking agent is added into the concrete, wherein the expansion fiber anti-cracking agent accounts for 8-12 wt% of the cement.
In order to ensure that the deformation of the special-shaped thin shell meets the design requirement in the unloading process, the unloading process of the shell in the step (5) is specifically as follows: selecting a plurality of axes along the direction of the main keel, wherein a plurality of rows of main keels are arranged between every two adjacent axes at intervals; firstly, descending the top support of the supporting vertical rod on the axis by a certain distance a, and then descending the top support on the supporting vertical rod between two adjacent axes by a certain distance b, wherein b is greater than a, namely the top support changes the surface support into the line support for the template; and the unloading sequence is adjusted according to the deformation and stress monitoring data. In the embodiment, five rows of main keels are selected to be spaced between two adjacent axes, b is selected to be 10mm, and a is selected to be 5 mm. In this way, the face support is gradually changed to a line support, and then unloaded at intervals until the formwork is completely removed.
When the template and the supporting system are dismantled, the support is gradually dismantled, the internal force of the structure is redistributed, meanwhile, the structure configuration is changed, the unloading stage is a process of redistribution of the structural stress, the internal force of the structure is continuously changed, the influence of various complex factors on the construction process and the structural behavior of the shell is difficult to accurately estimate in advance in the unloading process of the shell, and whether the internal force of the structure is in a safety range can be intuitively known by monitoring the internal force of the shell with strain gauges arranged in real time, so that countermeasures can be taken in time. Aiming at the possible occurrence of excessive deformation or abnormal conditions of the structure in the construction process, a total station is adopted to scan the three-dimensional coordinates of the structure supporting point at regular time, whether a point with an abnormally large displacement value occurs or not is observed, and if the point occurs, measures are taken to remedy the situation in time. For example, the order of disassembling the formwork is changed by adding supports.
The complicated large-span concrete special-shaped thin-shell structure appears for the first time in China, no reference data exists in design and construction, great difficulty is met in the construction scheme compiling stage, a BIM modeling and field entity model guiding construction to achieve a continuous and complete technological route is finally determined through research, a design unit provides a slice diagram and BIM software modeling to obtain the plane position, the space coordinate and the template position of the structure, and the steel bar processing and mounting and concrete construction technology are well guaranteed.
While there has been described what are believed to be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the principles of the invention, and it is intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The construction method of the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
(1) the space positioning is divided into two steps: firstly, establishing a three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell for a virtual modeling step, then adopting BIM software to select a plurality of parallel cutting planes to cut the three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell, wherein two adjacent cutting planes form a slice, the thickness of the slice is between 100mm and 300mm, in the area with larger curvature change of the special-shaped thin shell, the thickness of the slice is reduced, drawing of DWG format of each slice is derived, a coordinate database of all slices is established, the three-dimensional model of the special-shaped thin shell is cut by adopting horizontal sections with equal intervals, and the intersection point of the horizontal section and the cutting planes is used as a control point to form a control point coordinate database;
secondly, a measurement paying-off step is carried out: the reference line is released on the first floor ground, the first floor ground is utilized to position and pay off the part below the preset height, and the part above the preset height is positioned and paid off after the measurement and pay-off platform is arranged: determining a control point and a control line on the inner surface of the special-shaped thin shell according to the control point coordinate database by a total station arranged on the first floor or a measurement paying-off platform;
(2) erecting a mold frame: the die carrier comprises four parts, namely an internal support frame, a main keel arranged on the support frame, a secondary keel arranged on the main keel and a template covering the secondary keel, and the shapes of the main keel and the secondary keel are determined according to the slicing drawing obtained in the step (1);
(3) and (3) steel bar engineering: arranging reinforcing steel bars along the outer side of the template to form a reinforcing steel bar mesh;
(4) concrete construction: concrete is poured in sections in a field in a subarea manner to form a thin shell;
(5) unloading the shell and monitoring simultaneously, wherein the unloading step of the shell is to dismantle the template and the support frame step by step, the monitoring step comprises stress monitoring and deformation monitoring, wherein,
and monitoring the stress: carrying out construction process simulation analysis according to BIM software, determining a rod piece needing to monitor internal force, arranging strain gauges on the rod piece, and regularly reading the numerical value of each strain gauge and comparing the numerical value with a design value;
the deformation monitoring comprises the following steps: and carrying out construction process simulation analysis according to BIM software, determining monitoring points needing displacement monitoring, scanning the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point at regular time by using a total station, and comparing the three-dimensional coordinates with a design value.
2. The method for constructing the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formwork erection of the step (2) specifically comprises:
(21): setting up a support frame, wherein the support frame adopts a cross scaffold, the upper end of each vertical rod of the cross scaffold is provided with a top support, and the angle of each top support relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted according to the radian of the top surface of the shell of the special-shaped thin shell;
(22): erecting a main keel, and determining the shape of the main keel: leading out the DWG format drawings of the plane and the solid of each slice and a plurality of sections of each slice in the letter axis direction by using BIM software, determining the number and the shape of the main keels forming each slice according to the shapes of the slices, thereby accurately drawing the shape of each main keel and numbering the main keels, then processing the main keels and respectively erecting the main keels on the jacking;
(23): erect the secondary joist along the crossing direction with the primary joist on the primary joist to adopt the small powder to support the pad to the design height with the secondary joist, wherein, the shape of secondary joist is confirmed: deriving a slicing drawing in the direction of a digital axis by using BIM software, and determining the chord height of each secondary keel, wherein the secondary keels are placed in a staggered and superposed manner by adopting three layers of square timbers so as to meet the change of field curvature;
(24): and laying a formwork on the secondary keel along the direction of the secondary keel.
3. The method for constructing a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein said main runners include two types: the maximum chord height is greater than or equal to 8 cm; the second type main keel with the maximum chord height less than 8 cm; wherein,
the first type of main keel comprises main square wood arranged along a cutting plane and contacted with a top support, first modeling wood adhered to the upper surface of the first main square wood and arranged along the length direction of the first main square wood, and strip wood clamped at two sides of the first modeling wood and adhered to the first main square wood and the first modeling wood to increase strength, wherein the upper surface of the first modeling wood is the same as the shape of a corresponding slice;
the second type main keel comprises a second main square wood which is arranged along a cutting plane and is in contact with the top support, and a second modeling wood which is arranged above the second main square wood and along the length direction of the second main square wood, the upper surface of the second modeling wood is the same as the shape of the corresponding slice, and a plurality of supporting woods are arranged between the second modeling wood and the second main square wood.
4. The method for constructing the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the step (2) of erecting the formwork further comprises the step of erecting an external mold: and arranging an outer die in an area with the slope of the special-shaped thin shell larger than 30 degrees, wherein the outer die is made of a steel screen.
5. The method for constructing a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the step (4) of concrete construction, the special-shaped thin shell is divided into a region with a gradient of less than 30 degrees and a region with a gradient of more than 30 degrees according to the gradient of the special-shaped thin shell,
pouring the area with the gradient smaller than 30 degrees at one time;
and constructing the area with the gradient larger than 30 degrees according to a vertical shell construction method: every 900mm of height is divided into one section, the pouring is carried out once, and each section of concrete should be weighed when being poured.
6. The method for constructing a special-shaped thin shell of a concrete structure according to claim 5, wherein an expansive fiber crack-resistant agent is added to the concrete, wherein the expansive fiber crack-resistant agent accounts for 8-12% of the cement by weight.
7. The construction method of the special-shaped thin shell of the concrete structure as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the shell unloading process in the step (5) is specifically as follows:
selecting a plurality of axes along the direction of the main keel, wherein a plurality of rows of main keels are arranged between every two adjacent axes at intervals;
firstly, descending the top support of the supporting vertical rod on the axis by a certain distance a, and then descending the top support on the supporting vertical rod between two adjacent axes by a certain distance b, wherein b is greater than a, so that the support of the top support on the template is changed from surface support to line support; and the unloading sequence is adjusted according to the deformation and stress monitoring data.
8. The method for constructing a shaped thin shell of a concrete structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said predetermined height is 4m to 5m when the measuring line is paid out in said step (1).
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