CN103713651A - Tracking controller used for linear Fresnel solar condensation power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tracking controller used in a linear Fresnel solar concentration power generation system, which belongs to the field of solar energy applications. It includes single-chip microcomputer, clock calendar chip, keyboard display chip, LED display board, reverse amplifier and a keyboard for inputting information of local time, date, longitude and latitude, relative height of collector, distance between mirror surface and vertical center of collector. The clock calendar chip is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the clock signal is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer establishes communication with the keyboard and the LED display board through the keyboard display chip, and the single-chip microcomputer calculates the sun angle and the mirror angle according to the input information of the keyboard and the clock information and sends them to the LED display board for display. The single chip microcomputer is connected with the reverse amplifier to control the rotation of the stepper motor. An external stepper motor module is connected to realize the linear tracking of the system to the sun. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high precision and small volume, and is not limited by time and space, and can conveniently carry out the research related to the linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating power generation system.

Description

A kind of tracking control unit for linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating generating system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of tracking control unit for linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating generating system, the tracking accuracy realizing can meet the accuracy requirement that solar engineering is calculated, and is particularly suitable for being engaged in staff's use in solar energy concentration generating field.

Background technology

Due to energy crisis and atmospheric pollution, the input to solar energy research exploitation has been strengthened in countries in the world, and the project developments such as solar water, solar building, solar energy power generating, solar energy thermal-power-generating are rapid, and scale expands gradually.Sun power utilize technology just increasingly mature.Solar heat power generation system mainly contains 4 types: slot type, tower, dish formula, linear Fresnel type.At present, conventional slot type system be utilize parabolic reflector by sunshine reflect focalization to tubular heat collector, and intraductal working medium heating produced to power promote generating set generating.Due to sunshine incident direction be in time, space constantly changes, so conventional slot type system must constantly be carried out solar tracking, could utilize, meanwhile, the tubular heat collector being connected with condenser also must be synchronized with the movement.During flow working medium in thermal-collecting tube (as oil), produce high temperature, high pressure in pipe, also need to keep being tightly connected with stationary power generation equipment in motion process, this has just caused the great difficulty in engineering application.And linear Fresnel type solar power system is changed this parabolic reflector type of focusing, but bent minute surface is divided into and is equated or the little plane minute surface such as not, horizontal and surface level, according to sun altitude in the same time not, facet mirror is pivoted, make sun incident light reflex to heat collector, reach the effect of line optically focused.Now, owing to there is no the restriction of the focal length of parabolic cylinder, therefore tubular heat collector can be fixed in the surface level of certain altitude, with this, solve heat collector and be flexibly connected a sealing difficult problem.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of tracking control unit for linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating generating system.This controller can obtain the sun altitude of anywhere, random time easily, the corner of any linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating generating system condenser unit, and can show in real time.External stepper motor module, can drive by stepper motor, adjusts the corner of condenser unit, makes sun incident light reflex to linear fixing heat collector, thus collection sun power as much as possible.

The present invention is a kind of controller, and this controller can calculate the corner of sun angle and any linear Fresnel solar energy condenser unit and it is shown in real time, and external stepper motor module can drive condenser to realize the object that sun incident light reflexes to heat collector.

To achieve these goals, the present invention has taked following technical scheme:

A kind of tracking control unit for linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating generating system, it includes single-chip microcomputer, time calendar clock, keyboard display chip, LED display board, sign-changing amplifier and for inputting local time, date, longitude and latitude, heat collector relative height, minute surface is apart from keyboard and the driving system of stepping motor of heat collector vertical centre range information; Wherein:

Time calendar clock is connected with single-chip microcomputer, sends real-time clock signal to single-chip microcomputer;

Single-chip microcomputer is connected with LED display board with keyboard by keyboard display chip, and single-chip microcomputer calculates sun altitude and corresponding minute surface corner and delivers to the demonstration of LED display board according to the key entry information of keyboard and clock information;

Single-chip microcomputer is connected with sign-changing amplifier, and single-chip microcomputer carrys out the rotation of control step motor according to the corresponding minute surface corner calculating by sign-changing amplifier.

Core component single-chip microcomputer of the present invention receives keyboard signal, can solve by keyboard adjustment the starting condition (comprising that local time, date, local longitude, local latitude, heat collector relative height, minute surface are apart from heat collector vertical centre distance) of sun angle and minute surface corner, single-chip microcomputer is made corresponding reaction after data initialization, through internal data, process, by I2C bus and time calendar clock and keyboard display chip, carry out data transmission, obtain the sun angle and the minute surface corner that show in real time.The present invention is provided with stepper motor module external tapping, can set up and contact with stepper motor module, can rotate on request by control step motor.

The present invention can realize the skin tracking of linear Fresnel solar energy condenser unit under the horizontal system of coordinates, has not only improved tracking accuracy, and can carry out control step motor drive module according to solar angle and minute surface corner; Also there is the advantages such as simple in structure, volume is little simultaneously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 principle schematic of the present invention

Fig. 2 main program block diagram of the present invention

Fig. 3 stepper motor module of the present invention process flow diagram

Fig. 4 circuit theory diagrams of the present invention

Fig. 5 separate mirrors unit corner calculates schematic diagram

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with Fig. 1～4, the invention will be further described:

As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment includes single-chip microcomputer and the sign-changing amplifier being connected with single-chip microcomputer, time calendar clock, keyboard display chip, and keyboard display chip is also connected with LED display board with keyboard.This example is by keyboard to set up starting condition (local longitude, local latitude, local time, date, heat collector relative height, minute surface are apart from heat collector vertical centre distance), after being confirmed signal, single-chip microcomputer starts to carry out data processing, calculate sun angle and minute surface corner, and by LED display board, mirror unit rotation angle is shown, be convenient to reading and monitoring of data.

What as shown in Figure 4, the present embodiment adopted is the serial communication method of I2C bus.It is master controller that the present embodiment adopts single-chip microcomputer, CMOS real-time clock/the calendar chip and the keyboard interface chip that are aided with low-power consumption, drive keyboard and LED driver realize the adjustment of required sun angle and show in real time, can be conveniently by I2C bus, carry out read-write operation rapidly and only take two I/O ports of single-chip microcomputer.I2C bus comprises a serial data line (SDA) and a serial time clock line (SCL).SDA data line and SCL serial time clock line are connected to power supply VCC above by pull-up resistor, then the SDA of other I2C principal and subordinate device and SCL stitch are connected on SDA data line and SCL serial time clock line.AT89C51RC realizes the operation of I2C Bus interface by its universaling I/O port.In the present embodiment, the pin P1.1 of AT89C51RC is connected with SCL clock line, pin P1.0 is connected in order to Simulation with I 2C bus with SDA data line.AT89C51RC is the main device in I2C bus of the present invention, and ZLG7290 and PCF8563T are from device, thereby carries out the exchanges data between principal and subordinate's device by the communication protocol that program realizes I2C.

The main program block diagram of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 2, after initialization procedure, after keystroke handling is adjusted, obtained calculating solar angle desired data, again through reading the clock data of PCF8563T and calculating after these two processes of solar angle, according to the feature of linear Fresnel solar energy condenser system, calculate mirror unit inclination angle, finally mirror unit inclination angle is shown on led display board; This program mainly comprises following step:

First step button interrupts processing.When a button is pressed, jump to keystroke handling module, and carry out data adjustment according to key function, until definite key is jumped out keystroke handling module after being pressed.AT89C51RC writes the starting condition after adjusting in PCF8563T;

Second step is set up AT89C51RC and is communicated by letter with the I2C between PCF8563T, take AT89C51RC as main device, take PCF8563 as from device, primary data being write PCF8563, after clock chip is processed, obtain a real-time clock data, and real-time time data are turned back in single-chip microcomputer;

The 3rd step is carried out data processing in AT89C51RC inside, calculates the concrete numerical value at the sun angle obtaining and condenser system mirror unit inclination angle by the correlation formula of solar orbit;

Specific formula for calculation:

Declination angle δ can be calculated approx by Cooper equation:

In formula, n is the day subnumber of required date in 1 year;

According to above formula, obtain after declination angle, just can obtain the sun altitude under arbitrary solar time.The angle on sunray and ground is called sun altitude, uses α _srepresent, can be determined by following formula:

In formula

---local latitude;

δ---declination angle;

ω---hour angle.

Minute surface corner calculates (calculating schematic diagram as Fig. 5)

$\mathrm{gamma}=\left((\frac{\mathrm{beta}-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="arfa"\; filenames="HDA0000449613670000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">arfa</figure-callout>}}{2}+\mathrm{arfa}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2})\right)=\frac{\mathrm{beta}+\mathrm{arfa}}{2}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}$

In formula $\mathrm{beta}=\arctan \left(\frac{h}{x}\right)$ (minute surface is on a left side) or $\mathrm{beta}=\mathrm{\&pi;}-\arctan \left(\frac{h}{x}\right)$ (minute surface is on the right side)

Arfa---sun altitude

H---heat collector is apart from minute surface relative height m

X---minute surface centre distance heat collector vertical centre relative position m

The 4th step is set up AT89C51RC and is communicated by letter with the I2C between ZLG7290, and single-chip microcomputer is delivered to ZLG7290 buffer zone by the sun angle being converted to (comprising elevation angle and position angle) data and by ZLG7290 driving LED display board.As a button is pressed, again turn back in the first step.

The present embodiment by sign-changing amplifier external stepper motor module, can, according to the rotation of the mirror unit pitch angle control stepper motor calculating, realize and following the tracks of.

As shown in Figure 3, when program jumps to stepper motor module, first according to sun altitude, judge (setting value in this step is determined according to the relation of different location intensity of solar radiation and solar angle), be judged as "Yes", local sun altitude >0.1 degree is described, according to sun angle and mirror angle, determines the sense of rotation of stepper motor and rotate step number; Be judged as "No", local sun altitude <0.1 degree is described, system is repositioned to initial position.

System is by the rotation of control step motor driver and then control step motor, and single-chip microcomputer is connected with pulse signal port with the port of the direction signal of driver by sign-changing amplifier.The main flow process of stepper motor subroutine comprises: single-chip microcomputer sends 0 or 1 port to stepper motor driver direction signal, control the sense of rotation of motor, single-chip microcomputer sends pulse signal to the port of stepper motor driver pulse signal, controls the anglec of rotation of motor by the quantity of pulse signal.

The using method of the present embodiment: first reset after start, what show on led display board is the mirror unit inclination angle under starting condition.On this example, be provided with Time, Data, Lat, Lon, Tran, Add, Left, Ok totally eight keys for starting condition is adjusted.Each key has multiplexing function, to meet input setting, when having key to press, master routine jumps to keystroke handling module, AT89C51R constantly carries out keyboard scan, after keyboard function key (Lon) (ok) is pressed simultaneously, can input minute surface apart from x, after keyboard function key (Lat) (ok) is pressed simultaneously, can input heat collector height h, after keyboard function key (Lon) is pressed, LED display board is by showing that real-time mirror unit inclination angle is switched to the display interface of adjusting longitude, by button Left is selected, who numeral is adjusted, chosen numeral is glimmered on LED display board.The operation that keys available Add adds 1 to this after selected adjusted position, presses Ok key and confirms.Press after keyboard function key (Time), led display board has been switched to the adjustment interface of time; Press after keyboard function key (Data), led display board has been switched to the adjustment interface on date; Press after keyboard function key (Lat), led display board has been switched to the adjustment interface of latitude, and method of adjustment is the same.Starting condition is adjusted to when meeting user's requirement, presses definite key (Ok), and LED display board has switched back to again initial display interface, has started the real-time demonstration at the mirror unit inclination angle under new starting condition.In addition, if user wants led display board to show solar azimuth, can press function key (Tran), when this button is pressed again, led display board switches back again the demonstration to mirror unit inclination angle.

Claims (1)

1. the tracking control unit for linear Fresnel solar energy concentrating generating system, it is characterized in that: it includes single-chip microcomputer, time calendar clock, keyboard display chip, LED display board, sign-changing amplifier and for inputting local time, date, longitude and latitude, heat collector relative height, minute surface is apart from keyboard and the driving system of stepping motor of heat collector vertical centre range information; Wherein:

Time calendar clock is connected with single-chip microcomputer, sends real-time clock signal to single-chip microcomputer;

Single-chip microcomputer is connected with LED display board with keyboard by keyboard display chip, and single-chip microcomputer calculates sun altitude and corresponding minute surface corner and delivers to the demonstration of LED display board according to the key entry information of keyboard and clock information;

Single-chip microcomputer is connected with sign-changing amplifier, and single-chip microcomputer carrys out the rotation of control step motor according to the corresponding minute surface corner calculating by sign-changing amplifier.

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