CN103711445A - Multi-pipe-diameter single hydraulic top drive back-up wrench and clamping technology thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-pipe-diameter single hydraulic top drive back-up wrench and the clamping technology thereof. According to the technical scheme, a lever is arranged on a back-up wrench body through a shaft, the lever comprises a lever left end, a lever rod, a constraint belt and a tooth block, a hydraulic power part comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic piston rod and an arc hoof piece, the lower end of the hydraulic piston rod penetrates through a reserved hole in the back-up wrench body and is then provided with the arc hoof piece, so that the arc hoof piece is placed right above the lever left end, when the hydraulic piston rod goes down, the arc hoof piece is in contact with the lever left end, the lever left end is pushed to move downwards, the whole lever rotates around the shaft, and the lower end of the lever pushes a drill rod to move rightwards. The multi-pipe-diameter single hydraulic top drive back-up wrench has the advantages that fault rate is low, service life is long, the structure is simple, weight is light, and manufacturing cost is low. The drill rod wrapping angle is large, a certain round-setting effect can be achieved on the clamped drill rod, and screwing off on the drill rod with certain deformation is smooth. Flexile clamping and rigid clamping are used in a clamping part, tightening of different pipe diameters can be achieved flexibly, and clamping performance is good.

Description

Multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tong and its clamping process

technical field

The invention relates to the field of petroleum machinery, in particular to a multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tong and its clamping process.

Background technique

The top drive drilling system is a representative of advanced drilling equipment and has broad prospects. The top drive has the advantages of high degree of automation and strong ability to deal with accidents. Its biggest advantage is that it can perform make-up and break-out operations at any height of the derrick, realize vertical root drilling, and have high drilling speed. Drill pipe make-up and break-out operations must be performed when the top drive is connected to the vertical root. The mechanism that needs to be frequently used in this process is the back tong. Back-up tongs bear the alternating stress of make-up and breakout, so it is required that the back-up tongs have good fatigue performance. Since rig time is expensive, backing tongs must be functional and have a low failure rate.

The existing back-up tongs can be divided into two categories: ring-shaped back-up tongs and side-mounted back-up tongs:

Ring back-up tongs can be centered automatically without a centralizing mechanism. The disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to maintain and maintain, especially it is difficult to replace the jaws, protect the pup joint or IBOP. It is often necessary to remove the ring backup tongs to replace the above-mentioned parts. While parts are being replaced, the top drive is inoperable, wasting valuable work time. Moreover, the annular back-up tong is bulky and heavy, has a complex structure, and has high production costs. In actual use, there is a problem of difficulty in resetting, and the failure rate is relatively high.

Side-mounted back pliers, including side-opening and side-opening. These back pliers are smaller in size and lighter in weight. However, in the existing patents of the same kind and real objects, vertical hydraulics are used to realize vertical movement, and horizontal hydraulics are used to realize the vertical movement, that is, there are hydraulic equipment in two different directions, and there is redundancy in structure and function. And because the center of gravity is offset, there are problems such as difficulty in centering the make-up and eccentric wear of the drill pipe.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tong and its clamping process for the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

A multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tongs, the technical solution of which is: including back-up tong guide rails, rollers, back-up tongs main body, hydraulic power, springs, levers, shafts, and the first hexagonal prism block and the second hexagonal prism block , the lever is assembled to the main body of the back pliers through a shaft, the lever is composed of the left end of the lever, the lever body, the restraint band, and the tooth block, the lower surface of the left end of the lever is supported by a spring, the lower end of the lever is equipped with a tooth block, and the two tooth blocks are separated by Constrained belt connection, the first hexagonal prism block and the second hexagonal prism block are respectively assembled in the two hexagonal prism holes prefabricated at the right end of the back tong body, and the center of the drill pipe section, the first hexagonal prism block and the second hexagonal prism The connection between the center of the section of the tooth block is 120 degrees;

The hydraulic power includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic piston rod, and an arc-shaped shoe. The lower end of the hydraulic piston rod passes through the reserved hole on the main body of the back tong and installs the arc-shaped shoe so that the arc-shaped shoe is located directly above the left end of the lever. When the hydraulic piston rod goes down, the arc-shaped shoe contacts the left end of the lever and pushes the left end of the lever to move downward. The whole lever rotates around the axis, and the lower end of the lever pushes the drill pipe to move to the right. The hole diameter can drive the whole back tong to move up when it is lifted up. The main body of the back tong is assembled on the back tong guide rail and moves up and down through the rollers.

The above-mentioned tooth block, the first hexagonal column tooth block and the second hexagonal column tooth block are made of wear-resistant materials.

The length of the left end of the above-mentioned lever is 30-55cm, and the length of the lower end of the lever is 30-45cm.

The main body of the above-mentioned back pliers reserves a hexagonal notch matched with the first hexagonal prism block or the second hexagonal prism block, and the two hexagonal prism notches have two sets of four sides parallel to each other.

The clamping process of the multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tong mentioned in the present invention includes the following steps during the make-up process of the drill pipe:

The first step, the preparation phase:

According to different pipe diameters before drilling, lift the first hexagonal prism block and the second hexagonal prism block from the main body of the back-up tongs, rotate to make the working face face the drill pipe, and only need to adjust once after changing the diameter of the drill pipe;

In the second step, the descending stage, the drill pipe is pre-clamped:

The hydraulic cylinder is positively filled with oil and pressurized, the hydraulic piston rod, the ring shoe and the entire back tong body move rigidly downward, and the back tong as a whole moves down to the lowest end of the back tong guide rail, so that the drill pipe enters the clamping area. During this process, the spring It is not compressed and only plays the role of maintaining the position of the lever;

The third step is to clamp the drill pipe:

The hydraulic piston rod continues downward, the ring shoe pushes the left end of the lever to move downward, the spring is compressed, and the lever starts to rotate around the axis at the same time, the restraint band at the lower end of the lever touches the drill pipe and pushes to the right until the restraint band at the lower end of the lever, teeth The block cooperates with the hexagonal column block to clamp the drill pipe; the movement process of the restraint belt and the tooth block is as follows, when the restraint belt completely envelops the drill pipe, the restraint belt pulls the jaw teeth on both sides to the middle, and the jaw teeth touch the drill pipe, Push the drill pipe to fit the hexagonal prism block, and correct the out-of-roundness of the drill pipe. The length of the restraint belt is 90~130cm. It has flexible and rigid clamping at the same time, and jointly restrains the rotation of the drill pipe. The hydraulic pressure is maintained for 20~30 seconds;

The fourth step is to rotate the top drive spindle, tighten the drill pipe and protect the pup joint;

The fifth step is to release the constraint and relax the drill pipe:

After the buckle is completed, the hydraulic cylinder is reversely filled with oil, the hydraulic piston rod and the ring shoe go up, the spring makes the lever rotate in the opposite direction, and the clamping of the lower end of the lever is released;

The sixth step, the ascending phase, reset the back clamp:

After the ring shoe goes up to the reserved hole on the upper side of the back tong main body, the whole back tong main body moves up with the hydraulic piston rod and leaves the working area of the drill pipe;

The working process of the shackle is similar to this, but the direction of rotation of the main shaft is different, so I won't repeat it here.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention has the advantages of only one vertical hydraulic cylinder, low failure rate, long service life, not easy to freeze in winter, simple structure, light weight and low manufacturing cost. The enveloping angle of the drill pipe is large, and it can perform a certain rounding effect on the clamped drill pipe, so that the drill pipe with a certain deformation can be made and broken more smoothly. The clamping part uses flexible and rigid clamping comprehensively, which can flexibly realize the tightness of different pipe diameters and has good clamping performance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the main body of the back tongs without the back tongs guide rail of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of back clamp;

Figure 3 is a top view of the back clamp;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the lever;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of hexagonal prism block;

Fig. 6 is a diagram of the backup clamp preparation stage of the backup clamping process;

Fig. 7 is a diagram of the descending stage of the main body of the back tong during the back tong clamping process;

Figure 8 is a view from the main body of the back tong to the bottom of the guide rail during the back tong clamping process;

Fig. 9 is a diagram of the clamping stage of the back clamp in the process of back clamp clamping;

Fig. 10 is the stage figure of the back tongs relaxation stage of the back tongs clamping process;

Fig. 11 is a back-up tongs up stage diagram of the back-up tongs clamping process;

In the above figure: back tong guide rail 1, roller 2, back tong main body 3, hydraulic power 4, spring 5, lever 6, shaft 7, first hexagonal prism block 8, drill pipe 9, second hexagonal prism block 10;

Hydraulic cylinder 4a, hydraulic piston rod 4b, arc shoe 4c; lever left end 6a, lever body 6b, restraint band 6c, tooth block 6d.

Detailed ways

In conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-5, the present invention is further described:

A multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tong, the technical solution of which is: including a back-up tong guide rail 1, a roller 2, a back-up tong body 3, a hydraulic power 4, a spring 5, a lever 6, a shaft 7 and a first hexagonal column tooth block 8. The second hexagonal column tooth block 10, the lever 6 is assembled on the back tongs body 3 through the shaft 7, the lever 6 is composed of the left end of the lever 6a, the lever body 6b, the restraint belt 6c, and the tooth block 6d, the left end of the lever 6a The lower surface is supported by a spring 5, the lower end of the lever is equipped with a block 6d, and the two blocks are connected by a restraint belt 6c. The first hexagonal prism block 8 and the second hexagonal prism block 10 are respectively assembled on the right end of the back pliers body 3 In the two prefabricated hexagonal prism holes, and the center of the section of the drill pipe 9, the center of the section of the first hexagonal prism block 8 and the second hexagonal prism block 10 is 120 degrees, and the distance between the two hexagonal prism blocks and the center of the drill pipe is 120 degrees. The distance is 60~80cm. For drill pipes with different pipe diameters, the restraint band can adjust the space between the tooth blocks. In addition, the left end of the lever is in the shape of a flat plate, and the lower end of the lever adopts a flexible restraint belt and rigid jaws to form a composite restraint, wherein the restraint belt contains tensile core materials such as steel wires.

The hydraulic power 4 includes a hydraulic cylinder 4a, a hydraulic piston rod 4b, and an arc-shaped shoe 4c. The lower end of the hydraulic piston rod 4b passes through the reserved hole on the back tong body 3 and then installs the upper arc-shaped shoe 4c, so that the arc-shaped shoe 4c is located at Right above the left end of the lever 6a, when the hydraulic piston rod 4b goes down, the arc-shaped shoe 4c contacts the left end of the lever 6a, and pushes the left end of the lever 6a to move downward, the entire lever 6 rotates around the axis 7, and the lower end of the lever pushes the drill rod to the right Movement, the size of the annular shoe 4c is larger than the reserved hole diameter on the back tong main body 3, and can drive the whole back tong to move up when lifting.

Wherein, the tooth block 6d, the first hexagonal column tooth block 8 and the second hexagonal column tooth block 10 are made of wear-resistant materials. The length of the left end 6a of the above-mentioned lever is 30-55cm, the length of the lower end of the lever is 30-45cm, and the length of the restraining band 6c is 90-130cm. The above-mentioned back pliers main body 3 reserves a hexagonal notch matched with the first hexagonal prism block 8 or the second hexagonal prism block 10, and the two hexagonal notches have two groups of four sides parallel to each other, and the six ridges are based on Different pipe diameters are processed into corresponding radians, and each time you use it, you only need to rotate to the corresponding edge to disassemble the corresponding part, and the remaining edges remain in their original shape. The applicable diameters of the six tooth blocks are: 88.9mm, 139.7mm, 101.6mm, 137.92mm, 114.3mm, 127mm.

Referring to accompanying drawings 6-11, the clamping process of the multi-diameter single-hydraulic top drive back-up tong mentioned in the present invention, its technical scheme is as follows: during the make-up process of the drill pipe,

The first step, the preparation stage (as shown in Figure 6):

According to different pipe diameters before drilling, lift the first hexagonal prism block 8 and the second hexagonal prism block 10 from the main body of the back-up tongs, rotate to make the working face face the drill pipe, and only need to adjust after changing the diameter of the drill pipe once;

In the second step, in the descending stage, the drill pipe is pre-clamped (as shown in Figures 7 and 8):

The hydraulic cylinder 4a is positively filled with oil and pressurized, the hydraulic piston rod 4b, the annular shoe 4c and the entire back tong main body 3 move in a rigid translation downward, and the back tong as a whole moves down to the lowest end of the back tong guide rail, so that the drill pipe enters the clamping area, During this process, the spring 5 is not compressed, and only plays the role of maintaining the position of the lever;

The third step is to clamp the drill pipe (as shown in Figure 9):

The hydraulic piston rod 4b continues downward, the ring shoe 4c pushes the left end 6a of the lever to move downward, the spring 5 is compressed, and the lever 6 starts to rotate around the axis 7 at the same time, the restraining band 6c at the lower end of the lever contacts the drill pipe and pushes it to the right until The constraint band 6c and the tooth block 6d at the lower end of the lever cooperate with the hexagonal column block to clamp the drill pipe 9; the movement process of the constraint band 6c and the tooth block 6d is as follows. The clamp teeth 6d on both sides are pulled towards the middle, the clamp teeth 6d touch the drill pipe 9, and the drill pipe is pushed to fit the hexagonal column block, and the out-of-roundness of the drill pipe is corrected. The length of the restraint band is 90~130cm, which is flexible and rigid Clamping together restricts the rotation of the drill pipe, and the hydraulic pressure is maintained for 20-30 seconds;

In the fourth step, the top drive main shaft drills, tightens the drill pipe and protects the pup joint (same as the existing technology and will not be repeated);

The fifth step is to release the constraint and loosen the drill pipe (as shown in Figure 10):

After the buckle-up is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 4a is reversely filled with oil, the hydraulic piston rod 4b and the annular shoe 4c go up, the spring 5 makes the lever 6 rotate in the opposite direction, and the clamping of the lower end of the lever is released;

The sixth step, in the ascending phase, reset the back clamp (as shown in Figure 11):

After the annular shoe 4c goes up to the reserved hole on the upper side of the back tong body 3, the whole back tong body moves upward along with the hydraulic piston rod 4b to leave the working area of the drill pipe;

The working process of the shackle is similar to this, but the direction of rotation of the main shaft is different, so I won't repeat it here.

The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

1. The enveloping angle is large, which can perform a certain rounding function on the added drill pipe, has certain applicability to the deformed drill pipe, and prolongs the service life of the drill pipe. Since the different tooth shapes of the hexagonal prism on the right side of the lever are designed for different pipe diameters, the envelope angle of each prism on the drill pipe is above 80 degrees, and the composite constraint envelope angle on the left end is above 100 degrees. The network angle is not less than 260 degrees;

2. Flexible and rigid composite clamping, good clamping performance. The design of the lever 6c and 6d parts makes the restraining band 6c contact the drill pipe first, and the envelope surface also increases with the increase of the thrust, which can ensure that the three parts of the jaws reach the maximum clamping force at the same time. There are both flexible constraints and rigid constraints, the clamping force is more uniform, and the clamping stability is good. Compared with traditional rigid clamping, less clamping force is required to achieve the same clamping effect. Good resistance to torsion, prolonging the service life of the drill pipe;

3. The structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is low. Only one hydraulic cylinder realizes the actions of the backup tongs in two different directions, the downward movement and the clamping direction, which effectively avoids structural redundancy. The overall structure is simple and there are few parts. Since there is no horizontal hydraulic equipment, the weight of the back tong is greatly reduced, avoiding the eccentric wear of the drill pipe. Simultaneously, the overall hydraulic system is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The failure rate of the back clamp is reduced and the reliability is greatly improved;

4. Can be centered automatically. Wide guide rails ensure that the main body of the back up is in a horizontal position. The 8 parts of the hexagonal column block (as shown in Figure 5) process different annular openings for six different pipe diameters, ensuring better adaptability to drill pipes of different pipe diameters and maintaining surface contact to the maximum extent . Moreover, the position and angle of the hexagonal prism can ensure that the drill pipe is shorted on the center line with the upper protection after tightening, realizing the automatic centering of the drill pipe;

5. Less wear and tear, no damage to the drill pipe. The friction coefficient between the constraint band 6c on the left and the drill pipe is far greater than that between the jaws and the drill pipe. Compared with the traditional rigid clamping, the clamping force required to achieve the same clamping effect is small, which protects the drill Rod coupling to prolong the service life of the drill pipe;

6. It is convenient for daily maintenance. After the work is over, the back tong has a large vertical movable space, which provides a relatively large working space for replacing the jaws, protecting the pup joint or IBOP. Simply remove the roller 2 to replace the entire back vise. Back tongs have a large vertical movable space to avoid damage to the drill pipe;

7. It can flexibly realize the tight clamping of different pipe diameters. The clamping part on the left side of this design has a flexible restraint belt, which can flexibly adjust the distance between the two jaws 6d for different pipe diameters, that is, it can automatically adapt to different pipe diameters. By rotating the hexagonal prism block 8 on the right, it can produce targeted clamping with different pipe diameters;

8. The vertical spring has the function of shock absorption and floating up and down. During the process of making up and breaking out of the drill pipe, due to the elastic effect of the spring 5, the back tong can flexibly provide a vertical floating space under the premise of clamping the drill pipe, so as to compensate for the tension caused by the screw pitch between the drill pipe and the top drive. Deviation in the vertical direction of the main shaft;

9. The life of the hydraulic cylinder is longer, and it is not easy to freeze in winter. This design has only one vertical hydraulic cylinder, and the sealing performance of hydraulic oil is better. During the working process of back-up tongs, it is inevitable that drilling fluid and even cuttings will be spilled on the main body of the back-up tongs. The back-up tongs with horizontal hydraulic cylinders are prone to serious wear and tear of the hydraulic cylinders, and oil leakage is easy to occur during summer work. Easy to freeze while working;

10. The anti-torsion force provided by the back tong guide rail is large, and the width of the back tong is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the drill pipe. At the same time, it has a wide back tong guide rail and has better torsion performance.

Claims (5)

1. a multi-pipe-diameter list hydraulic top drives back-up tong, it is characterized in that: comprise back-up tong guide rail (1), roller (2), back-up tong main body (3), hydraulic power (4), spring (5), lever (6), axle (7) and the one or six prism block teeth (8), the two or six prism block teeth (10), lever (6) is assemblied in back-up tong back-up tong main body (3) by axle (7), described lever (6) is by lever left end (6a), lever body (6b), restraint strap (6c), block teeth (6d) form, regulations and parameters left end (6a) soffit is supported by spring (5), block teeth (6d) are equipped with in lever lower end, between two block teeth, by restraint strap (6c), connected, the one or six prism block teeth (8) and the two or six prism block teeth (10) are assemblied in respectively in two prefabricated six prism holes of back-up tong main body (3) right-hand member, and drilling rod (9) kernel of section, the kernel of section of the one or six prism block teeth (8) and the two or six prism block teeth (10) is wired to 120 degree,

Hydraulic power (4) comprises hydraulic cylinder (4a), liquid presses piston pole (4b), arc shoe plate (4c), arc shoe plate (4c) is above installed after preformed hole through back-up tong main body (3) in liquid presses piston pole (4b) lower end, arc shoe plate (4c) is positioned at directly over lever left end (6a), described when liquid presses piston pole (4b) is descending arc shoe plate (4c) contact with lever left end (6a), and promote lever left end (6a) and move downward, whole lever (6) rotates around axle (7), lever lower end promotes drilling rod and moves right, described annular shoe plate (4c) size is greater than the upper preformed hole of back-up tong main body (3) aperture, on can drive on whole back-up tong while carrying and move, back-up tong main body (3) is assemblied on back-up tong guide rail (1), by roller (2), move up and down.

2. multi-pipe-diameter list hydraulic top according to claim 1 drives back-up tong, it is characterized in that: described described block teeth (6d), the one or six prism block teeth (8) and the two or six prism block teeth (10) are made by high-abrasive material.

3. multi-pipe-diameter list hydraulic top according to claim 1 drives back-up tong, it is characterized in that: described lever left end (6a) length is 30 ~ 55cm, and lever lower end length is 30 ~ 45cm.

4. multi-pipe-diameter list hydraulic top according to claim 1 drives back-up tong, it is characterized in that: the reserved six prismatic breach that coordinate with the one or six prism block teeth (8) or the two or six prism block teeth (10) of described back-up tong main body (3), and two six prismatic breach have two groups of four edges parallel to each other.

5. the clamping technique that the multi-pipe-diameter list hydraulic top as described in any one in claim 1-4 drives back-up tong, is characterized in that: while detaining process on drilling rod, comprise the following steps:

The first step, the preparatory stage:

Start before drilling well, according to different tube diameters, to mention the one or six prism block teeth (8) and the two or six prism block teeth (10) from back-up tong main body, rotation makes work plane face toward drilling rod, only needs adjustment once after converting drilling rod caliber at every turn;

Second step, in the descending stage, drilling rod clamps in advance:

The oil-filled supercharging of hydraulic cylinder (4a) forward, the rigidity translational motion downwards of liquid presses piston pole (4b), annular shoe plate (4c) and whole back-up tong main body (3), back-up tong integral body is displaced downwardly to back-up tong guide rail least significant end, drilling rod is entered and step up region, this process medi-spring (5) is not compressed, and only plays the position effect that maintains lever;

The 3rd step, clamps drilling rod:

Liquid presses piston pole (4b) continues downwards, annular shoe plate (4c) promotes lever left end (6a) and moves downward, spring (5) is compressed, regulations and parameters (6) starts to rotate around axle (7) simultaneously, the restraint strap of lever lower end (6c) contact drilling rod thruster to the right, until the restraint strap of lever lower end (6c), block teeth (6d) coordinate clamping drilling rod (9) with six prism block teeth; The motion process of restraint strap (6c), block teeth (6d) is as follows, when the complete envelope drilling rod (9) of restraint strap (6c), restraint strap (6c) clamps tooth (6d) by both sides and pulls to centre, pincers teeth (6d) touch drilling rod (9), promote drilling rod and the laminating of six prism block teeth, and drilling rod out-of-roundness is corrected, the length of restraint strap is 90 ~ 130cm, have flexible and rigidity clamping simultaneously, jointly retrain the rotation of drilling rod, hydraulic pressure maintains 20 ~ 30 seconds;

The 4th step, top is driven main shaft brill and is turned, and tightens drilling rod and protection pipe nipple;

The 5th step, constraint relief, loosens drilling rod:

After upper button completes, hydraulic cylinder (4a) is oppositely oil-filled, and liquid presses piston pole (4b) and annular shoe plate (4c) are up, and spring (5) makes lever (6) opposite spin, and the clamping of lever lower end is removed;

The 6th step, in the up stage, back-up tong resets:

After annular shoe plate (4c) goes upward to back-up tong main body (3) upside preformed hole, whole back-up tong main body is left drilling rod working region along with liquid presses piston pole (4b) moves up;

Similarly, just main shaft direction of rotation is different, repeats no more for the course of work of shackle.

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