CN103702652A - 含有钙基磨料的牙膏 - Google Patents
含有钙基磨料的牙膏 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103702652A CN103702652A CN201280034163.0A CN201280034163A CN103702652A CN 103702652 A CN103702652 A CN 103702652A CN 201280034163 A CN201280034163 A CN 201280034163A CN 103702652 A CN103702652 A CN 103702652A
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- preferred
- clay
- toothpaste
- copolymer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract
已经发现，含有平衡量的钙基磨料、乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物和粘土的牙膏甚至在升高的温度下也具有明显更好的稳定性。还已经确定，所选组合能够完全免除，或至少显著减少增稠二氧化硅，而对流变性几乎没有负面作用。公开了一种牙膏组合物，其包含：(i)钙基磨料；(ii)乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物；和(iii)粘土，其中钙基磨料与乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的所述共聚物的比率为至少1:0075且所述钙基磨料与所述粘土的比率为至少1:0.02。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含有钙基磨料的牙膏。
背景和相关技术
牙膏通常有两种类型；不透明和透明。不透明牙膏通常是白色的。它们也可能是彩色的。这样的牙膏通常含有钙基磨料；特别是白垩。凝胶牙膏通常含有磨料二氧化硅。具有不透明相和透明相的多相牙膏也是已知的。
牙膏，特别是白垩基牙膏，通常还含有增稠二氧化硅。其有助于建立粘度。但是，增稠二氧化硅尤其在较高含量下可能不利地影响香味递送。这通常迫使配方师计量加入适当过量的香精。香精是非常昂贵的。因此香精的甚至轻微减少也在经济上具有重要意义。因此，希望降低增稠二氧化硅的含量或优选不含增稠二氧化硅。
牙膏通常含有一些聚合物。包括纤维素聚合物如羧甲基纤维素钠(SCMC)作为增稠剂。乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的聚合物，例如
家族的一些聚合物(
是International Specialty Products Inc(ISP)的注册商标)通常用在含白垩的牙膏中。已知技术指出使用此类聚合物递送香味。
尤其在含有钙基磨料的牙膏中，乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的聚合物的缺点之一在于，此类聚合物的失衡的量会影响牙膏的铺展性。此外，该牙膏在升高的温度下储存大约1个月后变得不稳定。此类聚合物含量的随意降低不是可行的解决方案，因为其可能不利地影响香味递送。
已知技术建议使用某些增稠聚合物的组合解决一些或所有上述问题。
WO08041055A1(Procter&Gamble)公开了用选自黄原胶、CMC、
和角叉菜胶的材料增稠的牙膏组合物的一些实例，但没有解释粘合剂组合的任何技术效果。
WO09134657A1(Procter&Gamble)描述了用所选角叉菜胶增稠的牙膏，另外具有羧基乙烯基聚合物、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、天然和合成粘土(例如
和 )、CMC、SCMC、刺梧桐树胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶、胶态硅酸镁铝和细碎二氧化硅中的一种或多种。所公开的牙膏在口腔中容易铺展。该牙膏在使用过程中表现出提高的在唾液中的可分散性，这提高该组合物与使用者牙齿和口腔组织的接触时间以使活性牙科试剂更快发挥有益的活性。
WO2008068323A1(GLAXO GROUP LTD)公开了具有第一增稠剂黄原胶、第二增 稠剂角叉菜胶和／或聚丙烯酸和第三增稠剂增稠二氧化硅的洁齿剂组合物。角叉菜胶和／或聚丙烯酸据说降低拉丝性(stringiness)。
WO2007063507A2(Procter&Gamble)公开了含有粘合剂体系的洁齿剂组合物，所述粘合剂体系由下列材料制成：
(i)亲水粘土材料(例如
)
(ii)改性纤维素聚合物，例如SCMC(如
100和
)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和HEC；
(iii)羧基乙烯基聚合物，如
系列和10；和
(iv)天然树胶衍生的阴离子聚合物，如角叉菜胶、黄原胶、结冷胶和刺槐豆胶。
该粘合剂体系在极性溶剂存在下溶胀或增稠。所公开的粘合剂体系以较低量的各粘合剂提供良好流变性并由此有助于降低成本。
EP0525913A1(Colgate-Palmolive，1993)公开了用
型聚合物增稠的粘弹性牙膏。所公开的组合物具有良好的稳定性以抵抗相分离或脱水收缩、储存中的粘度变化和溶解、分散或悬浮的颗粒在高温和低温条件下的沉降，无鱼眼、质地和其它美观性质、容易从分配管、泵等中挤出(容易剪切变稀)、挤出后的良好直立(stand-up)(结构的快速恢复)。
US5192529A(Unilever，1993)公开了用1∶5至5∶1的羧基甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素增稠的洁齿剂组合物。所公开的组合物具有低拉丝性、良好的相稳定性和适当的质地。
我们已经确定，具有钙基磨料、乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物和粘土之间的选择性平衡的牙膏甚至在升高的温度下储存后也具有明显更好的稳定性。我们还已经确定，这还能完全免除，或至少显著减少增稠二氧化硅，而对流变性几乎没有负面作用。一般而言，增稠二氧化硅非常常用在牙膏中。
发明概述
第一方面，公开了牙膏组合物，其包含：
(i)钙基磨料；
(ii)乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物；和
(iii)粘土，
其中所述钙基磨料与所述乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的所述共聚物的比率为至少1∶0075且所述钙基磨料与所述粘土的比率为至少1∶0.02。
第二方面，公开了促进口腔卫生的方法，其包括将有效量的第一方面的牙膏组合物 施加到牙齿上的步骤。
第三方面，公开了第一方面的牙膏组合物用于口腔卫生的用途。
术语“包含”无意限于任何随后陈述的要素，而是包含具有主要或次要功能重要性的未指明的要素。换言之，所列步骤、要素或选项不需要是穷举的。只要使用词语“包括”或“具有”，这些术语意在等同于如上定义的“包含”。
应该指出，在规定浓度或量的任何范围时，任何特定的上限浓度可以与任何特定的下限浓度或量结合。
为了更好地理解本发明，应该参考优选实施方案的下列详述。
详述
钙基磨料
所有牙膏都含有磨料。凝胶通常含有二氧化硅，而不透明膏体通常含有钙基磨料，尤其是白垩。
优选的牙膏组合物具有5至60重量％钙基磨料。在更优选的组合物中，其为30至60重量％，更优选35至55重量％。最佳组合物具有40至55重量％钙基磨料。
优选的磨料是细磨天然白垩(FGNC)，其是一种形式的白垩。其获自石灰石或大理石。FGNC也可以通过在研磨过程中或在研磨后经热处理涂布而化学或物理改性。典型的涂料包括硬脂酸镁或油酸镁。也可以在研磨过程中通过使用不同研磨技术(例如球磨、空气分级研磨(air-classifier milling)或螺旋喷流研磨(spiral jet milling))改变FGNC的形态。
FGNC可用作唯一的钙基磨料。但是，FGNC也可以与其它钙基磨料一起使用以在一定程度上平衡研磨。白垩的粒度通常为1至60微米，优选粒度为1至15微米。
其它优选的钙基磨料包括磷酸二钙(DCP)、焦磷酸钙和沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)，其优选以25至55重量％，更优选35至50重量％包括。
当需要钙基磨料的组合时，FGNC优选为钙基磨料总量的35至100％，更优选75至100％，尤其是95至100％。在这样的情况中，余量最优选为PCC。
也可以根据预期研磨度使用其它磨料。这些包括合成研磨抛光剂，如非晶沉淀二氧化硅和硅胶。其它研磨剂包括碳酸镁、偏磷酸钠、偏磷酸钾、硅酸锆、偏磷酸钾、原磷酸镁、磷酸三钙、原磷酸镁、磷酸三镁、硅酸铝、硅酸锆和珍珠岩。
乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物
优选的是具有30,000道尔顿至1,000,000道尔顿，最优选30,000道尔顿至500,000道尔顿的分子量(MW)的马来酸与甲基乙烯基醚的1∶4至4∶1共聚物。这些共聚物可例如作为 
系列获得。特别优选的共聚物包括
S-96和S-97，它们可以以粉末和溶液形式提供。当使用溶液形式时，可以加入适当计算的较高量以保持活性成分的含量。优选的牙膏组合物包括0.1至2重量％乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物。更优选的组合物包括0.3至0.8重量％共聚物，最优选的组合物包括0.3至0.6重量％共聚物。
乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物公知用于输送活性剂，尤其是
据信，此类共聚物固定到牙齿上。该共聚物广泛用在凝胶牙膏中，但限制它们与钙基磨料一起使用，因为该聚合物螯合钙离子并沉淀。仅含乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物的牙膏被发现是橡胶样的。较高量的此类共聚物使该组合物呈橡胶样，而较低量使组合物较不适合输送活性剂和香精。
粘土
该组合物含有粘土。优选粘土是蒙脱石粘土，其可选自硅酸铝，如蒙脱土(膨润土、水辉石(hectorites)及其衍生物)；纯化硅酸镁铝(各种等级可作为
购自艮T.Vanderbilt Company)；纯化硅酸钠镁(可作为以各种等级购得)；有机改性的蒙脱石，包括四烷基和／或三烷基铵蒙脱石(有机改性的蒙脱土粘土)，如季铵盐-18膨润土、季铵盐-18水辉石、司拉氯铵膨润土(stearalkonium bentonite)和司拉氯铵水辉石及其混合物。蒙脱石构成被称作页硅酸盐或层状硅酸盐的天然硅铝酸盐矿物类别中的一组。这一类中的其它组包括云母、高岭土、蛭石、绿泥石、滑石和叶蜡石。
优选的蒙脱石粘土是
HV。
优选的牙膏组合物包括0.2至3重量％粘土。更优选的组合物包括0.5至1重量％粘土。
不希望受制于理论，但据信，该粘土，特别是蒙脱石粘土，防止或至少显著降低乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物使钙离子沉淀的倾向。
因此，该粘土能使乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物输送香精和活性剂。
其它优选成分
除前述成分外，优选的组合物可包括牙膏组合物中常见的一种或多种其它成分。
树胶
优选的牙膏组合物包括树胶。纤维素基树胶尤其优选。优选的纤维素基树胶可选自纤维素醚，其包括羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、乙基羟乙基纤维素(EHEC)、羧基甲基纤维素(CMC)、羧基甲基羟乙基纤维素(CMHEC)、羟丙基羟乙基纤维素(HPHEC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、甲基羟丙基纤维素(MHPC)、甲基羟乙基纤维素(MHEC)、羧甲基甲基纤维素 (CMMC)、疏水改性的羧甲基纤维素(HMCMC)、疏水改性的羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC)、疏水改性的羟丙基纤维素(HMHPC)、疏水改性的乙基羟乙基纤维素(HMEHEC)、疏水改性的羧甲基羟乙基纤维素(HMCMHEC)、疏水改性的羟丙基羟乙基纤维素(HMHPHEC)、疏水改性的甲基纤维素(HMMC)、疏水改性的甲基羟丙基纤维素(HMMHPC)、疏水改性的甲基羟乙基纤维素(HMMHEC)和疏水改性的羧甲基甲基纤维素(HMCMMC)。
其它纤维素包括阳离子羟乙基纤维素(阳离子HEC)、阳离子疏水改性的羟乙基纤维素(阳离子HMHEC)和微晶纤维素。
非常优选的树胶是羧甲基纤维素钠(SCMC)。特别优选的羧甲基纤维素钠包括取代度为0.6至0.99，优选0.7至0.95的那些。此外，优选的SCMC包括在布鲁克菲尔德粘度计TA心轴上在30rpm，23℃下测量并在以1∶1比率与香精一起制浆30秒后读取的粘度为250mPa.s至10000mPa.s的那些。
优选的树胶也可以是瓜尔胶或其衍生物。此类衍生物包括羧甲基瓜尔胶(CM瓜尔胶)、羟乙基瓜尔胶(HE瓜尔胶)、羟丙基瓜尔胶(HP瓜尔胶)、羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(CMHP瓜尔胶)、阳离子瓜尔胶、疏水改性的瓜尔胶(HM瓜尔胶)、疏水改性的羧甲基瓜尔胶(HMCM瓜尔胶)、疏水改性的羟乙基瓜尔胶(HMHE瓜尔胶)、疏水改性的羟丙基瓜尔胶(HMHP瓜尔胶)、阳离子疏水改性的羟丙基瓜尔胶(阳离子HMHP瓜尔胶)、疏水改性的羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(HMCMHP瓜尔胶)和疏水改性的阳离子瓜尔胶(HM阳离子瓜尔胶)。
其它优选树胶包括黄原胶、角叉菜胶和衍生物，如爱尔兰藓和viscarin、结冷胶、菌核胶(sclerotium gum)和衍生物、支链淀粉、鼠李聚糖胶(rhamsan gum)、韦兰胶(welan gum)、魔芋、凝胶多糖(curdlan)、藻胶、藻酸、藻酸盐和衍生物、淀粉磷酸酯衍生物、琼脂和衍生物、阿拉伯树胶和衍生物、果胶和衍生物、壳聚糖和衍生物、树脂聚乙二醇，如PEG-XM，其中X大于或等于1，刺梧桐树胶、刺槐豆胶、纳豆胶、黄蓍胶、甲壳质衍生物、明胶、β葡聚糖、糊精、葡聚糖、环糊精和聚季铵盐。其它树胶包括furcellaren gum、印度树胶、车前子胶、温柏树胶、罗望子胶、松胶和塔拉胶。
优选的组合物包括0.1至2重量％，更优选0.3至1.5重量％树胶。
其它增稠剂
优选的牙膏组合物还可包括一种或多种其它增稠剂，如羧基乙烯基聚合物，包括可作为 
系列购自B.F Goodrich的卡波姆，包括
934、940、941和956。其它优选等级包括可作为
21、
TR-1和TR-2购自Noveon Corporation的丙烯酸酯／丙烯酸C10-30烷基酯交联聚合物。优选的组合物可以包括0.05至10重量％，更优选0.1至5重量％，再更优选0.25至大约4重量％的其它增稠剂。
增稠二氧化硅
凝胶牙膏通常含有最多8.5重量％增稠二氧化硅，而不透明牙膏通常含有3至4重量％增稠二氧化硅。增稠二氧化硅对香味释放的副作用是公知的。所描述的发明允许完全免除或至少显著减少增稠二氧化硅；由此能够增强香味递送。这代表与现有技术状况相比显著的技术进步和经济意义。优选的牙膏组合物可包括最多2重量％增稠二氧化硅。更优选的组合物具有1.5重量％或甚至少于1重量％增稠二氧化硅。最佳组合物可具有少于0.5重量％增稠二氧化硅。非常优选的组合物不含增稠二氧化硅。
当存在时，优选的增稠二氧化硅包括来自Degussa的
T系列或来自CabotCorporation的
系列，硅胶，如来自W.R.Grace&Co的
或 
系列，或沉淀二氧化硅，如来自J.M.Huber Corporation的265。
可用的二氧化硅增稠剂还包括
165、
163和／或167和 
153、177和／或265二氧化硅，都可获自J.M.Huber Corporation。其它优选的增稠二氧化硅包括
(来自Madhu Silica，India)、
22S和
200(来自Evonik Industries)、来自WR Grace&Company的
和
增稠二氧化硅和来自Rhodia的
43和331，合成细碎热解二氧化硅，如以商标
244、266和
D-200出售的那些。
碳酸氢盐
优选的组合物可包括0.5至50重量％，优选大约0.5至30重量％，更优选大约2至20重量％，最优选大约5至18重量％的碱金属碳酸氢盐。
脱敏剂
脱敏剂是以优选0.5至3重量％，更优选1至2.5重量％，尤其是1.7至2.2重量％使用的选自硝酸钾、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、酒石酸钾和乙酸钾的钾盐。一些抗敏剂也会使该组合物增稠。
硅酸盐
优选的牙膏组合物可包括碱金属硅酸盐。该碱金属是钠或钾，优选钠。硅酸钠通常可作为10至40％水溶液，最通常30％溶液供应。硅酸钠可作为中性硅酸钠或碱性硅酸钠供应。优选的牙膏具有中性硅酸钠。硅酸钠可以以不同的Na2O∶SiO2比获得。
Na2O∶SiO2比为3.0至3.8的硅酸钠是优选的，更非常优选的范围是3.25至3.5。优选 的牙膏包括0.1至5重量％硅酸盐(在干重量基础上)。因此，将硅酸钠的30％溶液以0.3至16重量％的量添加到该组合物中。
防龋剂
优选的组合物可包括一种或多种防龋剂。此类试剂通常是氟化物。氟化物源优选是单氟磷酸的碱金属盐，优选单氟磷酸钠(SMFP)。当其进入具有钙基磨料，尤其白垩的牙膏组合物中时，SMFP是所选氟化物源；因为替代性的氟化钠与碳酸钙反应形成具有有限防龋活性的不溶性氟化钙。优选的组合物包括0.01至2重量％，更优选0.15至1重量％，尤其优选02至0.5重量％防龋剂。优选保持100至2000ppm，优选900至1500ppm的游离氟离子浓度。其它优选的防龋剂包括氟化钠和氟化亚锡、胺氟化物(aminefluorides)、三偏磷酸钠和酪蛋白。
锌盐
锌盐是有效的抗微生物剂。可用的锌盐包括氯化锌、硫酸锌、硝酸锌、柠檬酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、乙酸锌、乳酸锌和水杨酸锌。也可以使用混合盐，如柠檬酸钠锌。其它优选的锌盐包括有机酸的锌盐，如柠檬酸锌、乳酸锌、马来酸锌、水杨酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌和抗坏血酸锌。但是，最优选的盐是硫酸盐。可以使用不同锌盐的混合物。当存在时，优选包括0.1至5重量％，优选0.1至2重量％的锌盐，锌盐最优选为0.1至0.5重量％。
过量锌会造成不可接受的味道和更高涩度，并可能与其它成分不相容，以造成尤其阴离子聚合物(当存在时)沉淀。
保湿剂
保湿剂增强香味、防止涩味(harsh taste)并在口中提供清新愉悦的感觉。它们还防止结块。保湿剂有助于防止洁齿剂组合物暴露在空气中时硬化，也为制剂带来一些甜味以进一步使归因于锌盐的涩味最小化。优选含量为10至70重量％，更优选大约25至60重量％。典型保湿剂包括山梨糖醇(通常可作为70％水溶液提供)、甘油、麦芽糖醇和木糖醇。更优选的牙膏含有16至30重量％甘油。山梨糖醇溶液为该组合物提供甜味和形体并产生合意的口感。为了润滑的口感，优选使用甘油和山梨糖醇的混合物。
抗菌剂
优选的组合物可包括抗菌剂，其可以是亚锡盐，如焦磷酸亚锡。抗菌剂的其它实例包括季铵化合物，如西吡氯铵(cetylpyridinium chloride)；双-双胍，如氯己定、葡萄糖酸氯己定(chlorhexidine digluconate)、海克替啶、奥替尼啶、阿来西定、
和其它卤化双酚化合物，如2，2′亚甲基双-(4-氯-6-溴苯酚)。特别优选的抗菌剂是
防腐剂
含有钙基磨料，尤其是白垩的牙膏倾向于细菌生长。某些防腐剂，例如对羟基苯甲酸的甲基、乙基、丁基、丙基和异丙基酯特别可用于抗细菌生长。对羟基苯甲酸的甲基、乙基、丁基和丙基酯的混合物特别优选。可通过添加苯氧基乙醇增强这种混合物的活性。甲醛和二甲基乙内酰脲是其它优选的防腐剂。通常包括0.05至0.8重量％的防腐剂。
抗氧化剂
优选的抗氧化剂是与其它组分相容并且不危害健康的那些。这些包括抗坏血酸、棕榈酸抗坏血酸基酯、硫代二丙酸、抗坏血酸钙、二月桂基二硫代丙酸酯、愈创木脂胶、抗坏血酸钠、丁基化羟基甲苯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚和生育酚。可以使用抗氧化剂的混合物。
当存在时，抗氧化剂以有效降低或减轻由牙膏组分的氧化造成的变色的含量添加。优选含量为0.01至1重量％。
表面活性剂
牙膏通常含有表面活性剂，也通常被称作起泡剂。合适的表面活性剂是合理稳定并在宽pH范围内提供泡沫的那些。该表面活性剂可以是阴离子型、非离子型、两性、两性离子型、阳离子型或其混合物。
本文可用的阴离子型表面活性剂包括在烷基中具有8至20个碳原子的烷基硫酸盐的水溶性盐(例如烷基硫酸钠)和具有8至20个碳原子的脂肪酸的磺化单甘油酯的水溶性盐。十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酸单甘油酯磺酸钠是这种类型的阴离子表面活性剂的实例。其它合适的阴离子表面活性剂是肌氨酸盐，如月桂酰肌氨酸钠、牛磺酸盐、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、月桂酰羟乙基磺酸钠、月桂醇聚醚羧酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。非离子表面活性剂可以大致定义为是通过环氧烷基团(亲水性质)与有机疏水化合物(其可以是脂族或烷基-芳族性质)的缩合产生的化合物。合适的非离子表面活性剂的实例包括泊洛沙姆(以商品名 
出售)、聚氧乙烯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐酯(以商品名
出售)、 
40氢化蓖麻油、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、由环氧丙烷与乙二胺的反应产物和环氧乙烷的缩合生成的产物、脂族醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物、长链二烷基亚砜和此类材料的混合物。非离子表面活性剂 
407是最优选的表面活性剂之一，因为泊洛沙姆已被发现有助于减轻涩味。
可用的两性表面活性剂可以广泛被描述为脂族仲和叔胺的衍生物，其中脂族基团可以是直链或支链的，其中脂族取代基之一含有大约8至大约18个碳原子且之一含有阴离子水增溶基团，例如羧酸根、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。其它合适的两性表面活性剂 是甜菜碱，尤其是椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱。也可以使用两性表面活性剂的混合物。优选含量为0.25至12重量％，优选0.5至8重量％，最优选1至大约6重量％。
甜味剂
牙膏还可含有甜味剂。优选的甜味剂包括糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖、索马甜、安赛蜜钾、蛇菊苷、甜叶菊提取物、对甲氧基肉桂醛、neohesperidyl二氢查尔酮和紫苏葶。其它优选的甜味剂包括葡萄糖、聚葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、干燥转化糖、甘露糖、木糖、核糖、果糖、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆(包括高果糖玉米糖浆和玉米糖浆固体)、部分水解淀粉、氢化淀粉水解物、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、益寿糖、纽甜、糖精及其盐、三氯蔗糖(sucralose)、二肽基强甜味剂、环磺酸盐(cyclamate)、二氢查尔酮和它们的混合物。典型含量为0.005至5重量％，更优选0.01至1重量％。一些甜味剂还可充当保湿剂。
泡沫调节剂
可用的泡沫调节剂包括聚乙二醇(PEG)，也被称作聚氧乙烯。高分子量PEG是合适的，包括平均分子量为200,000至7,000,000道尔顿，例如500,000至5,000,000道尔顿或1,000,000至2,500,000道尔顿的那些。优选的组合物包括0.1至10重量％，更优选0.2至5重量％，最优选0.25至2重量％泡沫调节剂。
其它常见成分
优选的牙膏可包括一种或多种漂白剂，如过氧化合物，例如过氧二磷酸钾，泡腾体系，如碳酸氢钠／柠檬酸盐体系，变色体系和0.001至6重量％，优选0.5至4重量％的螯合剂，包括柠檬酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸和丝氨酸的碱金属盐。
最优选的是柠檬酸的碱金属盐，尤其是柠檬酸钾，最优选柠檬酸三钾。
脂质体也可用于改进一种或多种活性成分的递送或稳定性。优选的组合物还可包括breath strips、气泡(sparkle)、大二氧化硅颗粒、颗粒、珠粒和香精胶囊中的一种或多种以增强感官益处或视觉吸引力。
也可以为了不透明性添加二氧化钛。通常加入0.25至5重量％的二氧化钛。
也可以加入着色剂。着色剂可以是水溶液形式，优选是1％着色剂水溶液。
还可以包括香精体系。合适的增香组分包括冬青油、薄荷油、留兰香油、丁香花蕾油、薄荷醇、茴香脑、水杨酸甲酯、桉树脑、肉桂、乙酸1-薄荷酯、鼠尾草、丁香酚、欧芹油、覆盆子酮(oxanone)、α-紫罗兰酮、马郁兰、柠檬、橙子、丙烯基乙基愈创木酚、桂皮、香草醛、乙基香草醛、洋茉莉醛、4-顺式-庚烯醛、二乙酰、甲基-对-叔丁基苯基乙酸酯和它们的混合物。清凉剂也可以是香精体系的一部分。优选的清凉剂是对薄荷烷羧基酰胺 剂，如N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-羧酰胺(在商业上被称作
)和它们的混合物。香精通常为0.001至5重量％。
物理性质
当在1／s和25℃下用
粘度计使用T-bar D-心轴在5rpm(转／分钟)下测量时，优选的牙膏组合物的粘度为80，000至500，000cps。更优选的牙膏组合物的粘度为100，000至200，000cps。
优选的组合物的pH为最多10.5。pH优选小于9.5。
现在借助非限制性的示例性实施方案解释本发明。
实施例
实施例-1
通过公知方法制造具有不同类型和量的增稠剂的不透明白色牙膏。
在表1中描述了牙膏的配方。在制造牙膏后，它们在45℃下储存1个月，此后检查它们的稳定性。
表1
表1续
*这包括
防腐剂、苄醇、着色剂、颜料和糖精。
表1中的数据的解释
具有2重量％和3.75重量％增稠二氧化硅的组合物1是橡胶样的。这被认为是由于
S-97的高含量。当在组合物2中将
减少至0.5重量％时，该组合物在制成时可接受，但在储存后变成橡胶样。这表明的减少不解决该技术问题。制造不含增稠二氧化硅的组合物3。但是，也发现这种组合物不稳定，组合物4和5也如此。只有具有钙基磨料、乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物和粘土之间的选择性平衡的优选组合物6和7是稳定的。
实施例-2：三氯生在唾液中的释放
三氯生(TCN)是非常常见的抗菌剂。三氯生的效力与刷牙时其在唾液中的浓度成正比。但是，即使使用含三氯生的牙膏，也可能无法将有效量的三氯生释放到唾液中。通常认为钙抑制这种释放。
在比较优选组合物与具有三氯生(0.3重量％)和碳酸钙(白垩)但不含乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物的市售抗菌牙膏的效力时，我们观察到明显更高的三氯生释放。
受试的优选组合物的配方显示在表2中。
表2
*这包括防腐剂、苄醇、着色剂、颜料和糖精。
试验方法如下。
试验方法：
为该实验组织20名人类志愿者的评审小组试验。试验方法基于RL Wijeijweera和I.Kleinberg在Archs.Oral Biol.，Vol.34，No.1，1989，第43-53页中报道的方法。
收集各志愿者的大约5毫升唾液。通过混合所有个体样品，制备单一合并(pooled)样品。
由该合并样品，将测量量的唾液转移到管中。将管以3500rpm离心7至8分钟。此后，通过已知方法测量上清液的光学密度(OD)。使用600纳米过滤器和使用磷酸盐缓冲剂将OD调节至2.0。
此后，将大约3克牙膏和9克水添加到
管中。将各管的内容物混合30分钟以得到悬浮液，使其静置大约1小时以萃出最大量的三氯生。此后，涡旋沉降物并以3500rpm离心5分钟，此后置于管形瓶中。涡旋沉降悬浮液并将1毫升等分试样添加到各管中。在1小时后根据US2010／0150849A1(International Specialty Products)中描述的Mucin涂布的HAP盘程序进行分析，结果显示在表3中。
表3
表3中的数据表明浆料和上清液中的浓度之间的显著差异。优选组合物在上清液中表现出更高的三氯生含量，由此表明释放更多三氯生。
应该理解的是，本文中例示和描述的本发明的具体形式仅意为代表性的，因为可以在不背离本公开的明确教导的情况下对其作出某些改变。
尽管已经参照具体实施方案描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员会认识到，本发明可 具体体现为许多其它形式。
Claims (10)
1.牙膏组合物，其包含：
(i) 钙基磨料；
(ii) 乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物；和
(iii) 粘土，
其中所述钙基磨料与所述乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的所述共聚物的比率为至少1:0075且所述钙基磨料与所述粘土的比率为至少1:0.02。
2.如权利要求1中所述的牙膏组合物，其中所述粘土是蒙脱石粘土。
3.如权利要求1或2中所述的牙膏组合物，其包含5至60重量%钙基磨料。
4.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的牙膏组合物，其包含0.1至2重量%的乙烯基甲基醚和马来酸的共聚物。
5.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的牙膏组合物，其包含0.2至3重量%粘土。
6.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的牙膏组合物，其包含0.1至2重量%树胶。
7.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的牙膏美容组合物，其包含最多2重量%的增稠二氧化硅。
8.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的牙膏组合物，其中所述组合物的粘度为80,000至500,000 cps。
9.促进口腔卫生的方法，包括将有效量的如权利要求1中所述的牙膏组合物施加到牙齿的步骤。
10.如权利要求1中所述的牙膏组合物用于口腔卫生的用途。
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| MX2016007267A (es) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-09-07 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Metodos para tratar la gingivitis usando pasta dental con un alto contenido de sal. |
| WO2015094154A1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-25 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care compositions comprising calcium carbonate and a clay |
| BR112017022439B1 (pt) | 2015-04-29 | 2021-06-22 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Composição para higiene bucal e método para evitar um ou mais dentre sinérese, migração de cor e degradação de cor em uma composição para higiene bucal |
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| EP3373903B1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2023-03-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dentifrice compositions with anti-tartar and anti-bacterial benefits |
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- 2012-07-04 WO PCT/EP2012/063028 patent/WO2013007571A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-07-04 BR BR112014000423A patent/BR112014000423B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-07-04 CN CN201280034163.0A patent/CN103702652A/zh active Pending
- 2012-07-04 US US14/128,865 patent/US9308158B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-04 EP EP12730588.6A patent/EP2758025B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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| US4992258A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-02-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Dentrifice composition |
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| CN105142597A (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-12-09 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 含有蒙皂石粘土的牙膏 |
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|---|---|
| US20140127143A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
| BR112014000423B1 (pt) | 2018-10-09 |
| EP2758025A2 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
| WO2013007571A2 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
| EP2758025B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| US9308158B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
| WO2013007571A3 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
| BR112014000423A2 (pt) | 2017-01-10 |
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