CN103697481A - Pyrolysis-gas-recyclable medical waste pyrolysis treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a medical waste pyrolysis treatment device with reusable pyrolysis gas, which includes a pyrolysis furnace, auxiliary equipment, and a draft fan. The pyrolysis furnace includes a furnace body, a feeding device, a flue gas channel, and a pyrolysis furnace. Gas pipeline, ash discharge device, the pyrolysis furnace also includes a temperature measurement and control system, the temperature measurement and control system mainly includes various temperature sensors, temperature display instruments and automatic controllers; the auxiliary equipment includes semi-dry scrubbers and bags type dust collector. The invention realizes the automatic measurement and control of the furnace temperature through the reasonable design of the furnace body structure, and the generated pyrolysis gas enters the bottom of the furnace for combustion through a specially designed pipeline, thereby improving the efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace and improving the inherent tar in the pyrolysis equipment. problems, and the flue gas produced by burning pyrolysis gas is purified and then discharged, so that the treatment of medical waste can be harmless, reduced, and stabilized. At the same time, the local treatment of medical waste also avoids secondary pollution caused by transportation.

Description

A medical waste pyrolysis treatment device with reusable pyrolysis gas

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature pyrolysis treatment of solid combustible waste, and specifically relates to a small-sized high-efficiency medical waste pyrolysis treatment device which uses electric heating as an auxiliary driving heat source and generated pyrolysis gas as a main heat source.

Background technique

As special waste, medical waste is generally defined as directly or indirectly infectious, toxic and other hazardous waste produced by medical institutions in medical treatment, prevention, health care and other related activities. It is mainly derived from medical supplies such as surgery, laboratory tests, and disposable injections. It often contains a variety of infectious pathogens. A large amount of organic matter is extremely perishable, breeding mosquitoes and flies, and easily causing disease transmission. It has full-space pollution, acute infection, and latent Pollution and other characteristics, the harmfulness of viruses and germs is dozens or even hundreds of times that of ordinary domestic waste. If it is not handled properly, it will definitely cause secondary infection and environmental pollution, and pose a serious threat to the environment and human health.

With the continuous enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and hygiene, the treatment of medical waste has been proposed to be harmless, reduced, and stabilized. Medical waste treatment technologies mainly include: sanitary landfill treatment method, high temperature incineration method, microwave treatment method, pyrolysis treatment method, etc. Sanitary landfill has been banned by the state because it is easy to cause secondary pollution; although the traditional incineration method can reduce the volume and quantity of medical waste to a large extent, the temperature of incineration is often not enough to eliminate the medical waste. If not handled properly, it will also cause the spread and spread of diseases. Moreover, the traditional incineration method is mainly oxygen-enriched combustion, which has a large amount of smoke and tail gas treatment, and the highly toxic products such as dioxins produced at the same time will seriously endanger human health; the construction and operation costs of microwave treatment technology are too high, and it is difficult to promote in practice; Pyrolysis and gasification technology of medical waste is a new technology proposed by various countries in the world in recent years to deal with the problem of dioxin-like toxic substances produced in the process of waste incineration. It has no open flame combustion process, and most of the heavy metals remain in the residue. The main components of the pyrolysis gas produced are CH ₄ , C ₂ H ₆ , C ₃ H ₈ and other hydrocarbons and H ₂ , and a large amount of heat energy can be recovered through combustion. This method effectively suppresses the production of dioxins, and is currently widely considered as a new garbage disposal technology in the 21st century.

With the continuous application of pyrolysis waste treatment technology, it is the key to the research to explore suitable auxiliary energy methods in various regions, improve the overall efficiency of the furnace body, make reasonable use of pyrolysis gas, and solve the problem of tar in the pipeline to the greatest extent.

As a kind of waste treatment equipment, pyrolysis furnace has been widely used in the pyrolysis treatment of medical waste. The driving form of the pyrolysis furnace generally adopts the method of burning various fuels (coal, diesel, etc.). However, in some areas with rich power resources and relatively cheap electricity prices, the above methods are not suitable. For the pyrolysis technology of garbage, the problem of tar has always been a difficult problem in this field. Part of the tar produced during the pyrolysis process is heated at high temperature and enters the pipeline together with the pyrolysis gas in the form of gas. When the temperature of the pyrolysis gas drops After reaching a certain temperature, the tar will condense and precipitate from the pyrolysis gas, and the produced tar will easily block the pipeline and affect the continuous operation of the pyrolysis furnace.

Due to the small output of medical waste, our country generally adopts the method of centralized treatment for treatment. For the treatment of medical waste at the county level, due to the small amount of medical waste, the economic benefit of centralized treatment is poor. It may also cause secondary pollution during transportation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pyrolysis treatment device for medical waste, which solves the problems in the prior art that the centralized treatment of medical waste is expensive and easily causes secondary pollution.

Another object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the tar in the pyrolysis gas blocks the pipeline when the pyrolysis furnace treats the garbage.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A pyrolysis treatment device for medical waste, including a pyrolysis furnace, ancillary equipment, and an induced draft fan. The three parts are connected by pipes. The pyrolysis furnace includes a furnace body composed of a furnace liner, a furnace lining, and a furnace shell. There is a feeding device, a flue gas channel is provided around the furnace body, a pyrolysis gas pipeline is provided on the side of the furnace body, and an ash discharge device is provided at the bottom of the furnace body. The pyrolysis furnace also includes a temperature measurement and control system. The temperature measurement and control system mainly It includes temperature sensors, temperature display instruments and automatic controllers; the auxiliary equipment includes semi-dry scrubbers and bag dust collectors.

The feeding device is a double-layer feeding port. When feeding for the first time, the two feeding ports are opened at the same time, and an appropriate amount of medical waste is put in. After the pyrolysis furnace is running, when feeding continuously, first open the upper feeding port. After the feeding is completed, close the upper feeding port and then open the lower feeding port to allow medical waste to enter the furnace to ensure an oxygen-deficient environment in the furnace.

The flue gas channels communicate with each other at the upper part of the furnace body to facilitate the discharge of the flue gas. They are arranged at intervals in the middle of the furnace body, and the first heating wires are arranged between the flues. So that the bottom of the furnace can be evenly heated. The high-temperature flue gas produced by burning pyrolysis gas first passes through the flue gas channel, heats the furnace body, and then exits the pyrolysis furnace through the exhaust pipe.

In order to ensure that the generated pyrolysis gas does not produce or produce as little as possible tar and other adhesives during the transportation process, a second electric heating wire is installed around the pyrolysis gas pipeline at the key part of tar generation, and a second temperature sensor is arranged in the pipeline to control the first 2. The heating of the electric heating wire is started and stopped, and the temperature in the pipeline is always kept above 300°C. At the same time, the pipeline is designed to be inclined. A sewage valve is arranged at the lower end of the pipeline to regularly clean the sticky matter in the pipeline, so that the pyrolysis gas can be continuously and uninterrupted. It is transported to the bottom of the furnace, and then ignited through the pyrolysis gas combustion nozzle to heat the furnace body.

The ash discharge device discharges the ash by means of mechanical vibration of the fire grate.

There are two sets of temperature measurement and control systems. The first electric heating wire of one set of measurement and control system is arranged on the outside of the furnace, and the installation method of waveform resistance wire is adopted. The thermocouple of the first temperature sensor is arranged at the lower position in the middle of the furnace; The second heating wire of a set of measurement and control system is closely attached to the pyrolysis gas pipeline, and is evenly wound on the outside of the pipeline. In order to ensure that the temperature in the pipeline reaches above 300°C, the second temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the entrance of the pipeline, the middle of the pipeline and At the outlet of the pipeline, if the temperature is lower than 300°C, the second heating wire will be turned on. The temperature display instruments of the two sets of measurement and control systems are concentrated on the control panel of the pyrolysis furnace.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The pyrolysis furnace of the present invention has a unique structural design for the flue gas channel, and the pyrolysis gas generated can be burned at the bottom of the furnace to provide heat for the pyrolysis of medical waste, and the high temperature produced at the same time The flue gas can also heat the furnace body, which improves the heat utilization efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace and saves electricity. The reasonable design of the pyrolysis furnace feeding device realizes continuous feeding while ensuring the oxygen-deficient environment in the furnace and improving the operating efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace. The use of electric heating as the furnace starting heat source and auxiliary heat source is especially suitable for areas where the energy structure is more coal and less oil, and the electricity price is cheap, and the application prospect is broad.

(2) Using pyrolysis technology to treat medical waste, the volume and volume of waste are significantly reduced, the performance of ash is stable, and the content of dioxin in the generated flue gas is extremely low. Through the further treatment of auxiliary equipment, the harmlessness of the flue gas is realized, which is effective The environmental pollution caused by waste incineration is avoided, and the medical waste generated by the hospital can be disposed of on the spot, avoiding the secondary pollution generated during the transportation process. Simultaneously, the device of the present invention occupies a small area, and the initial investment is low, which is beneficial to market.

(3) The temperature measurement and control system can monitor the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace and the pyrolysis gas pipeline in real time, so that the medical waste can be fully pyrolyzed at a certain temperature, and the pyrolysis gas can be prevented from condensing in the pipeline to produce tar.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a medical waste pyrolysis treatment device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fig. 1A-A;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of Fig. 1B-B;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of Fig. 1C-C;

Among them, 1-pyrolysis furnace, 2-ancillary equipment, 3-induced fan, 4-feeding device, 5-flue gas channel, 6-pyrolysis gas pipeline, 7-ash discharge device, 8-furnace, 9- Furnace lining, 10-semi-dry scrubber, 11-bag filter, 12-automatic controller, 13-first heating wire, 14-second heating wire, 15-second temperature sensor, 16-drainage valve, 17-smoke exhaust pipe, 18-first temperature sensor, 19-air introduction pipe, 20-pyrolysis gas combustion nozzle, a-upper layer feed port, b-lower layer feed port.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device of the present invention comprises a pyrolysis furnace 1, ancillary equipment 2, and an induced draft fan 3, and the three parts are connected through pipelines. The furnace body is equipped with a feeding device 4 on the top of the furnace body. The feeding device 4 is a double-layer feeding port, which is divided into an upper layer feeding port a and a lower layer feeding port b. A flue gas channel 5 is arranged around the furnace body, and the flue gas The passages 5 communicate with each other at the upper part of the furnace body, and are arranged at intervals in the middle of the furnace body. The first heating wires 13 are arranged between the flues, and the flues 5 at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 1 communicate with each other. A pyrolysis gas pipeline 6 is arranged on the side of the furnace body, and a second heating wire 14 is arranged around the pyrolysis gas pipeline 6, and a second temperature sensor 15 is arranged inside the pipeline. The pyrolysis gas pipeline 6 is in an inclined state, and a blowdown valve 16 is arranged at the lower end of the pipeline. The bottom of the furnace body is provided with an ash discharge device 7, and the ash discharge device 7 discharges the ash and slag by means of mechanical vibration of the fire grate. The pyrolysis furnace 1 also includes a temperature measurement and control system. There are two sets of temperature measurement and control systems. The first heating wire 13 of a set of measurement and control system is arranged on the outside of the furnace 8, and the waveform resistance wire installation method is adopted. The first temperature sensor 18 The thermocouple is arranged at the lower part of the furnace; the second heating wire 14 of another set of measurement and control system is close to the pyrolysis gas pipeline 6 and is evenly wound on the outside of the pipeline. The second temperature sensors 15 are respectively arranged at the entrance of the pipeline, The middle part of the pipeline and the outlet of the pipeline; the temperature display instruments of the two sets of measurement and control systems are all concentrated on the control panel of the pyrolysis furnace 1. The auxiliary equipment 2 includes a semi-dry scrubber 10 and a bag filter 11 .

The furnace material of the pyrolysis furnace is made of heat-resistant steel 0Cr25Ni20, the furnace lining material is made of expanded perlite, and the furnace shell is made of steel. The medical waste enters the pyrolysis furnace from the feeding device 4 through an automatic feeder or manual feeding. After the garbage is added to half of the furnace volume, turn on the first heating wire 13 to start heating, sense the temperature in the furnace through the first temperature sensor 18 arranged in the furnace, and transmit the signal to the automatic controller 12 to control the temperature of the first heating wire 13. Start and stop, keep the temperature in the furnace above 600°C, the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of medical waste is transported to the bottom of the furnace through the pyrolysis gas pipeline 6, and the second temperature sensor 15 arranged in the pyrolysis gas pipeline 6 senses the temperature inside the pipeline, The signal is transmitted to the automatic controller 12 to control the heating start and stop of the second heating wire 14, and the temperature in the pipeline is always kept above 300°C. The air introduction pipe 19 introduces a certain amount of air into the bottom of the furnace and ignites it through the pyrolysis gas combustion nozzle 20. The pyrolysis gas heats the bottom of the furnace, and the high-temperature flue gas generated at the same time rises along the furnace body through the flue gas channel 5, heating the furnace body, and the flue gas is discharged from the pyrolysis furnace through the flue gas exhaust pipe 17, and the flue gas enters the semi-dry scrubber 10 for purification, and then into the bag filter 11 for further dust removal, and finally discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney through the induced draft fan 3. The pyrolyzed garbage ash is discharged through the ash discharge device 7 . When the pyrolysis gas flow becomes stable, the electric heating becomes the auxiliary heat source, and the furnace body is heated mainly by burning the pyrolysis gas.

The present invention specifically expounds the structural principle and operation flow of a medical waste pyrolysis furnace through application examples. In practical applications, the furnace body of the present invention can be fixed or mobile, and the furnace body can be a cylinder. The type can also be a polygonal type, etc. The size of the furnace body is determined according to the amount of medical waste processed per hour. The specific implementation and application range can be modified accordingly according to the actual situation. The content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A medical waste pyrolysis treatment device with reusable pyrolysis gas, comprising a pyrolysis furnace, ancillary equipment, and an induced draft fan, and the three parts are connected by pipelines, and it is characterized in that the pyrolysis furnace includes a furnace, Furnace body composed of furnace lining and furnace shell, with feeding device on the top of the furnace body, flue gas passages around the furnace body, pyrolysis gas pipeline on the side of the furnace body, and ash discharge device at the bottom of the furnace body. The furnace also includes a temperature measurement and control system, which mainly includes temperature sensors, temperature display instruments and automatic controllers; the auxiliary equipment includes a semi-dry scrubber and a bag filter. 2. The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device is a double-layer feeding port. 3. The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the flue gas passages communicate with each other in the upper part of the furnace body, are arranged at intervals in the middle part of the furnace body, and the first heating wires are arranged between the flues, and the pyrolysis furnace The flues at the bottom of the furnace communicate with each other. 4. The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a second heating wire is installed around the pyrolysis gas pipeline, and a second temperature sensor is arranged inside the pipeline. 5. The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pyrolysis gas pipeline is in an inclined state, and a sewage valve is arranged at the lower end of the pipeline. 6 . The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the ash discharge device discharges the ash by means of mechanical vibration of the grate. 7. The medical waste pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are two sets of temperature measurement and control systems, the first heating wire of one set of measurement and control system is arranged outside the furnace, and the installation method of waveform resistance wire is adopted , the thermocouple of the first temperature sensor is arranged in the lower part of the furnace; the second heating wire of another set of measurement and control system is close to the pyrolysis gas pipeline, and is evenly wound on the outside of the pipeline, and the second temperature sensors are respectively arranged on the pipeline. At the inlet, in the middle of the pipeline and at the outlet of the pipeline; the temperature display instruments of the two sets of measurement and control systems are all concentrated on the control panel of the pyrolysis furnace.

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