CN103690322A - Pressure reduction pad for preventing pressure sores - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种预防压疮的减压垫，属于医疗护理器具。由瓦楞垫、弹性充气囊，充气管道、三通阀、电动充气压仪组成，瓦楞垫经工艺缝纫制成四边形或其他形状，内置弹性充气囊，按奇偶数分别用三通阀并联成两根易于区别的主管，再并联成一根总管。瓦楞垫中的充气囊通过交替开放呈波浪式充气来改变皮肤受压点，达到减少皮肤受压时间的目的，有效保障患者安全，提高医护人员工作质量，其临床使用方便，效果明显，值得推广应用。
The invention relates to a decompression cushion for preventing pressure sores, which belongs to medical care appliances. It is composed of corrugated pad, elastic inflatable bag, inflatable pipe, three-way valve, and electric inflatable pressure gauge. The easy-to-distinguish main pipes are connected in parallel to form a main pipe. The inflatable bag in the corrugated pad changes the pressure point of the skin by alternately opening and inflating in waves, so as to reduce the time of skin pressure, effectively guarantee the safety of patients, and improve the work quality of medical staff. It is convenient for clinical use and has obvious effects, which is worth promoting application.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于医疗护理器具，涉及一种预防压疮的减压垫，是预防病人发生压疮的护理防护装置。 The invention belongs to medical nursing appliances, and relates to a decompression pad for preventing pressure sores, which is a nursing protection device for preventing patients from developing pressure sores.
背景技术 Background technique
正常皮肤组织细胞的代谢和分裂增殖有赖于真皮下组织内血管和淋巴系统功能的完好，当局部组织过度受压时，皮下组织的血管网将因为外界压力垂直作用，尤其是超过正常毛细血管关闭压（正常为32mmHg）时，组织液循环被阻断，一定时间后就会造成局部组织缺血，低氧血症，酸中毒，水肿以及坏死，局部受压组织处于低灌注或缺血状态的时间越长，压疮发生率越高。 The metabolism, division and proliferation of normal skin tissue cells depend on the integrity of the blood vessels and lymphatic system in the subdermal tissue. When the local tissue is over-pressed, the vascular network of the subcutaneous tissue will act vertically due to external pressure, especially when it exceeds the normal capillary closure. When the blood pressure (normally 32mmHg), the tissue fluid circulation is blocked, after a certain period of time, it will cause local tissue ischemia, hypoxemia, acidosis, edema and necrosis, and the time when the local compressed tissue is in a state of hypoperfusion or ischemia The longer it is, the higher the incidence of pressure sores.
术中压疮是指患者在手术中或手术结束后几小时至3天内发生的压疮，有研究表明23%的院内压疮与手术有关，因此减少术中压疮发生率，减轻患者痛苦，提高护理质量，术中压疮的预防显得尤为重要。 Intraoperative pressure sores refer to the pressure sores that occur during the operation or within a few hours to 3 days after the operation. Studies have shown that 23% of hospital pressure sores are related to surgery, so the incidence of intraoperative pressure sores can be reduced and the pain of patients can be reduced. To improve the quality of care, the prevention of intraoperative pressure sores is particularly important.
术中压疮发生的力学因素包括垂直压力、剪切力和摩擦力，其中垂直压力是术中压疮最主要的因素，压疮所受压力来自自身体重，患者体重与皮肤受压程度呈正相关，当患者体重大于75kg，卧床时体重对皮肤的压力增加，易导致压疮的形成，有研究表明70mmHg压力下组织持续受压2h以上就能引起组织不可逆损害。 The mechanical factors of intraoperative pressure sores include vertical pressure, shear force, and friction, among which vertical pressure is the most important factor for intraoperative pressure sores. The pressure on pressure sores comes from their own body weight, and the patient's weight is positively correlated with the degree of skin pressure. , when the patient’s weight is greater than 75kg, the pressure of the weight on the skin increases when lying in bed, which can easily lead to the formation of pressure sores. Studies have shown that continuous pressure on the tissue under 70mmHg pressure for more than 2 hours can cause irreversible damage to the tissue.
而患者极度消瘦或体弱时，皮下无脂肪组织保护，也易发生压疮。 When the patient is extremely thin or frail, there is no adipose tissue protection under the skin, and pressure ulcers are also prone to occur.
疾病原因：低蛋白血症、严重营养不良、瘫痪、心血管疾病、糖尿病、镇静和发热的患者是压疮发生的高危人群，血清白蛋白低于35g/L者发生压疮的可能性是正常水平的5倍，加上营养不良和脱水使皮肤弹性减低，增加了压疮的危险。 Disease causes: patients with hypoalbuminemia, severe malnutrition, paralysis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, sedation and fever are high-risk groups for pressure sores, and the possibility of pressure sores is normal for those with serum albumin lower than 35g/L 5 times the level, plus malnutrition and dehydration make the skin less elastic, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers.
由于手术的制动要求，手术患者必须维持长时间固定不动的手术卧位，特别是一些骨隆突部位，一直处于持续受压状态，极易形成压疮，仰卧位多见于骶部和足跟，俯卧位则为胸骨部和颏部，侧卧位手术压疮好发于耳部、肩峰、肘部、髋部、膝关节的内外侧、内外踝，术后压疮85%发生于骶尾部。 Due to the braking requirements of the operation, the surgical patient must maintain a fixed surgical supine position for a long time, especially some bony prominences, which are always in a state of continuous pressure, which is very easy to form pressure sores. The supine position is more common in the sacrum and feet. In the prone position, it is the sternum and chin. In the lateral position, pressure sores are more likely to occur in the ear, acromion, elbow, hip, inner and outer sides of the knee joint, and inner and outer malleolus. 85% of postoperative pressure sores occur in the sacrococcygeus.
手术患者的压疮发生率随着手术时间的延长而增加，手术时间超过2.5小时是压疮发生的危险因素，手术时间超过4小时的患者中，手术时间越长术后压疮发生率为21.2%。 The incidence of pressure sores in surgical patients increased with the prolongation of operation time. The operation time of more than 2.5 hours was a risk factor for the occurrence of pressure sores. Among patients with operation time of more than 4 hours, the longer the operation time, the incidence of pressure sores was 21.2 %.
为预防压疮使用减压护理装置，减压设备包括静态设备和动态设备，静态设备包括泡沫、水、凝胶、空气床垫，动态设备包括交替压力设备，而术中减压设备由于手术制动的特异性要求而显得较为狭隘，多为静态设备。 Use of decompression nursing devices for the prevention of pressure ulcers, decompression equipment includes static equipment and dynamic equipment, static equipment includes foam, water, gel, air mattress, dynamic equipment includes alternating pressure equipment, and intraoperative decompression equipment due to surgical It is relatively narrow due to the specific requirements of movement, and most of them are static equipment.
临床体位垫多以海绵垫为主，但传统海绵垫通透性不佳，且较长时间使用后海棉垫局部易形成凹陷，手术中消毒液及冲洗液易积蓄于此，造成患者局部皮肤潮湿和组织淤血，导致压疮的发生。国内一些专利如：CN 202314062U其核心技术为只设有单向进气阀与放气阀，CN202477987 U其核心技术是用于胸部术后的弹性充气垫， CN202478042U其核心技术是为防止卧床患者发生足下垂的充气垫装置，以上公知技术中所涉及装置都不能满足患者预防压疮的需求，而交替式充气的创新理念，经临床实验证明能有效平衡局部皮肤受压的时间与压力，本发明一种预防压疮的减压垫的创新有着重要的现实意义，能够有效预防压疮产生。 Most clinical body position pads are made of sponge pads, but the traditional sponge pads have poor permeability, and after a long period of use, the sponge pads are prone to form depressions, and the disinfectant and flushing fluids are easy to accumulate here during the operation, causing local skin damage of patients. Moisture and tissue bruising lead to pressure sores. Some domestic patents such as: CN 202314062U whose core technology is only provided with one-way air intake valve and air release valve; The inflatable cushion device for foot drop, the devices involved in the above known technologies cannot meet the needs of patients to prevent pressure sores, and the innovative concept of alternate inflation has been proved by clinical experiments to effectively balance the time and pressure of local skin pressure. The present invention The innovation of a decompression pad for preventing pressure sores has important practical significance and can effectively prevent pressure sores from occurring.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明目的：在于克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种预防压疮的减压垫，通过对瓦楞垫内置弹性充气囊交替开放呈波浪式充气来改变皮肤受压点，达到减少皮肤受压时间的目的，有效保障患者安全，使用方便，提高医护人员工作质量。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a decompression pad for preventing pressure sores. By alternately opening the built-in elastic air bags in the corrugated pad and inflating them in waves, the skin pressure point can be changed to reduce the pressure on the skin. The purpose of pressing time, effectively ensuring the safety of patients, easy to use, and improving the quality of work of medical staff.
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种预防压疮的减压垫，由瓦楞垫（1），弹性充气囊（2），充气管道（3），三通阀（4），电动气压仪（5）组成。 In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a pressure relief pad for preventing pressure sores, which consists of a corrugated pad (1), an elastic inflatable bag (2), an inflatable pipeline (3), and a three-way valve (4) , composed of an electric barometer (5).
所述的一种预防压疮的减压垫，瓦楞垫（1）经工艺缝纫制成四边形或者其他形状，内置弹性充气囊（2），呈均匀或者不均匀间隔分布。 The pressure relief pad for preventing pressure sores, the corrugated pad (1) is sewn into a quadrilateral or other shape, with built-in elastic air bags (2), which are evenly or unevenly spaced.
所述的一种预防压疮的减压垫，充气管道（3）设有两种色彩或者符号区别单数与偶数，其中同种色彩或符号标识的充气管道（3）通过三通阀（4）分别汇总成一根充气总管道，终端与电动气压仪（5）相连接。 In the decompression pad for preventing pressure sores, the inflatable pipe (3) is provided with two colors or symbols to distinguish odd and even numbers, wherein the inflatable pipe (3) marked with the same color or symbol passes through the three-way valve (4) They are respectively summarized into an inflation main pipeline, and the terminal is connected with the electric air pressure instrument (5).
所述的一种预防压疮的减压垫，弹性充气囊（2）内可同时或间隔由电动气压仪充气或者不充气。 In the above-mentioned decompression pad for preventing pressure sores, the elastic inflatable bag (2) can be inflated by an electric air pressure device at the same time or at intervals or not inflated.
本发明的有益效果： Beneficial effects of the present invention :
本发明一种预防压疮的减压垫，为达到预防压疮的功能，以气压垫来代替翻身，取得良好的减压效果，与整体式气垫相比有很好的稳定性，不影响精细操作、易普及，通过交替式充气代替翻身的方法来改变皮肤受力点，有效平衡局部皮肤受压的时间与压力，从而有效预防压疮，可用于手术及术后患者局部或全身受压部位的使用，以及为预防长期卧床患者发生压疮而使用，为社会提供一种更为经济、有效、符合医院感染要求、且具有一定产业化发展前景的护理减压装置。 The present invention is a decompression cushion for preventing pressure sores. In order to achieve the function of preventing pressure sores, an air pressure cushion is used instead of turning over to obtain a good decompression effect . Compared with the integral air cushion, it has good stability and does not affect fine Operation, easy to popularize, change the stress point of the skin by alternately inflating instead of turning over, effectively balance the time and pressure of local skin pressure, so as to effectively prevent pressure sores, and can be used for local or systemic pressure parts of patients after surgery and postoperative The use of the device, as well as the use to prevent pressure sores in long-term bedridden patients, provides the society with a more economical, effective, nursing decompression device that meets the requirements of nosocomial infection and has certain industrialization development prospects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明减压垫结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the decompression pad of the present invention.
其中：1瓦楞垫 2弹性充气囊 3充气管道 4三通阀 5电动气压仪 。 Among them: 1 corrugated pad 2 elastic inflatable bag 3 inflatable pipeline 4 three-way valve 5 electric air pressure instrument.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。 The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so as to define the protection scope of the present invention more clearly.
如图1所示，一种预防压疮的减压垫，床上铺一棉质中单，合理安置体位，尽量保持患者的自然生理弯曲度，禁止身体悬空，肢体不可过度牵拉，防止神经损伤，床单保持干燥、平整并于骶尾部垫上减压垫，电动气压仪5经偶数的弹性充气囊2充气至6Kpa并定时60分钟，仪器报警后关闭偶数标记的三通阀4后，再经奇数的弹性充气囊2充气并定时60分钟，仪器报警后关闭奇数标记的三通阀4后，再重复上述操作，当手术超过１小时，在不影响手术操作的前提下，通过交替充放气振动受压部位有减压作用，根据手术时间可调整充气时间和压力，如此交替反复，以减轻局部受压，增加患者舒适感，促进局部血液循环，有效防止压疮发生。 As shown in Figure 1, a pressure-relief cushion for preventing pressure sores. A cotton sheet is laid on the bed, and the body position should be placed reasonably to keep the patient's natural physiological curvature as much as possible. It is forbidden to hang the body in the air, and the limbs should not be stretched excessively to prevent nerve damage. , the bed sheet should be kept dry and flat, and a decompression pad should be placed on the sacrum. The elastic inflatable bag 2 is inflated and timed for 60 minutes. After the instrument alarms, close the three-way valve 4 marked with an odd number, and then repeat the above operation. The pressure part has a decompression effect, and the inflation time and pressure can be adjusted according to the operation time, so as to reduce the local pressure, increase the comfort of the patient, promote local blood circulation, and effectively prevent the occurrence of pressure sores.
本发明一种预防压疮的减压垫可用于手术及术后患者局部或全身受压部位的使用，以及为预防长期卧床患者发生压疮而使用。 The decompression cushion for preventing pressure sores of the present invention can be used for the use of local or whole body pressure parts of patients during surgery and postoperative, and for preventing pressure sores from occurring in long-term bedridden patients.
以上显示和描述了一种预防压疮的减压垫主要特征及优点，本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明预防压疮的减压垫不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本原理，在不脱离本文件精神和范围的前提下，本设计还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的范围内，一种预防压疮的减压垫要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界。 The main features and advantages of a decompression pad for preventing pressure sores have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the decompression pad for preventing pressure sores of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What is described is only to illustrate the principle. Without departing from the spirit and scope of this document, there will be various changes and improvements in this design. These changes and improvements all fall within the scope of protection. The scope of protection of the pressure pad is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110393644A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-01 | 武汉大学 | Medical Pressure Relief Headrest for Stress Alopecia Prevention |
| CN112190439A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-08 | 南通市第一人民医院 | Clinical limb rehabilitation assisting instrument for neurology and use method |
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| CN110393644A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-01 | 武汉大学 | Medical Pressure Relief Headrest for Stress Alopecia Prevention |
| CN112190439A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-08 | 南通市第一人民医院 | Clinical limb rehabilitation assisting instrument for neurology and use method |
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