CN103687258B - The lighting device of HID electronic ballast and formation thereof - Google Patents
The lighting device of HID electronic ballast and formation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103687258B CN103687258B CN201210347237.8A CN201210347237A CN103687258B CN 103687258 B CN103687258 B CN 103687258B CN 201210347237 A CN201210347237 A CN 201210347237A CN 103687258 B CN103687258 B CN 103687258B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
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- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
The lighting device of modified model HID electronic ballast and formation thereof.This HID electronic ballast provides by adopting the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device be connected in series the energy started needed for HID lamp as energy-storage travelling wave tube, and ensure that the electric current provided correspondingly strengthens with bearing power, that is the capacitance chosen correspondingly strengthens with bearing power, improve voltage, electric current simultaneously, realize the unlatching of HID lamp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric ballast that high-voltage gas discharging light (HID) is used, particularly relate to the Metal halogen lamp that belongs to HID lamp electric ballast used and adopt the halogen electric arc tube lighting device of this ballast.
Background technology
Using high-voltage gas discharging light (such as Metal halogen lamp) as light source, be often used in large area lighting, especially floodlighting, such as the illumination of station, harbour, square, high-rise factory building, mine and highway.From the principle, this type of Metal halogen lamp is used for daily (such as family is daily) illumination not only possibility, and surely belongs to preferably.This is because compared with the electricity-saving lamp extensively promoted the use of at present even LED etc., gold-halogen lamp light source volume is less, leads at light, be also better than electricity-saving lamp popular at present in light efficiency and color rendering index, with lamp distribution in be even better than the filament of incandescent lamp.Just because of these advantages, the application example product of low-power (such as about 20W) Metal halogen lamp has been had to occur at present, for decoration and commercial lighting, as boutique, clock and watch jewelry store floodlighting.Along with ceramic gold-halogen lamp and appearance that is quartzy and Ceramic Composite electric arc tube in recent years, the color rendering index of the low-power Metal halogen lamp of this about 20W is very close to incandescent lamp, and degree of closeness can up to Ra > more than 0.95.
But, attempt to reduce further above-mentioned Metal halogen lamp power, be applicable to everyday home environment user demand thus substitute current electricity-saving lamp and incandescent lamp in consider, such as produce extra small power ceramic gold-halogen lamp and the quartz-ceramics composite arc pipe Metal halogen lamp of about 10W, also there is technical difficulty, and this difficulty is mainly present in the realization of the electric ballast supporting with gold-halogen lamp light source.Now for the prior art shown in Fig. 1, this difficulty is described.
Applicant thinks, the more typical and effective practical circuit of HID electronic ballast of the prior art can the paper " metal halogen lamp electric ballast " of square Mr. Ren Nong.Its detailed content is by link
http:// wenku.baidu.com/view/bae36f5177232f60ddccal8e.htmldownload and obtain.Fig. 1 is the core block diagram of this metal halogen lamp electric ballast of prior art.Fig. 2 is the metal halogen lamp electric ballast circuit theory diagrams of corresponding diagram 1 block diagram.
Below by the problem existing for the metal halogen lamp electric ballast illustrated with reference to the block diagram of Fig. 1 and the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 2 in prior art.
Fig. 1 and low-frequency square-wave Metal halogen lamp (MH) electric ballast being three grades of core circuit and forming illustrated in fig. 2, circuit of power factor correction 3 wherein, power control circuit 40 and low frequency inverter circuit 50 are core circuits.The firm power control circuit that power control circuit 40 is made up of DC/DC converter and high-frequency PWM controller.The direct current inversion of controlled for prime DC/DC rear output is low-frequency ac by the full-bridge DC/AC inverter that low frequency inverter circuit 50 comprises.As described in Figure, this electric ballast also comprise produce high-voltage pulse firing circuit 60, for the protection of lamp works current detecting and abnormal protection and control circuit 8, EMI filtering and rectification circuit 2 and civil power input circuit 1.
The metal halogen lamp electric ballast operation principle of above-mentioned prior art is as follows.Adopt the single-phase rectification bridge of EMI filtering and rectification circuit 2 that single phase industrial frequence alternating current 220V voltage commutation is become direct voltage.Utilize the APFC control circui field effect transistor MOSFET of circuit of power factor correction 3 and the rear constant output 400V direct current of step-up transformer boosting subsequently, and make the power factor PF > 0.99 of civil power power frequency input circuit 1.Utilize the field effect transistor MOSFET of the high-frequency PWM control circuit of power control circuit 40 and DC/DC circuit to realize doing constant current conversion to 100 ~ 150KHz high-frequency current, conversion exports the 70 ~ 120V direct voltage for being applicable to lamp works.The low-frequency vibration IC of recycling low frequency inverter circuit 50 drives four field effect transistor MOSFET or IGBT in full bridge inverter, DC inversion is become the low-frequency square-wave constant alternating current of 120 ~ 800Hz, powers to metal halide lamp 7.The current detection feedback of protection and control circuit 8 forms current controlled circuit (PI) current regulator, to realize high-frequency PWM current regulation control and load overcurrent protection.Protection and control circuit 8 also comprise over-temperature protection and load open circuit protection circuit.Firing circuit 60 adopts widely used at present and stability good series/parallel type pulse ignition circuit.Moment is started at electric arc tube, circuit working electric current is smaller, the current detecting end of the PWM controller IC/UC3844 in DC/DC circuit is inoperative, PWM now controls the voltage detecting end depending on IC/UC3844 completely, so output end voltage is 158V, this output voltage enough punctures the bidirectional switch pipe of specified breakdown value 140V.On the former limit Lp of pulse transformer, produce pulse voltage like this, the starting resistor exporting about 3.5 ~ 20KV at secondary Ls makes electric arc tube start.Meanwhile, because the voltage be connected on the electric capacity between the output of full-bridge mid point with bidirectional switch pipe Sidac constantly raises, the electric current on Sidac constantly reduces and turns off, and circuit returns to original state.If now electric arc tube is lighted a fire, electric current no longer passes through this loop, and the voltage on Sidac would not reach its puncture voltage again, and firing circuit no longer works.If electric arc tube does not have breakdown, then repeat process above; After electric arc tube is breakdown, circuit progressively enters normal operating conditions, original tube pressure about 20 ~ 30V, pipe stream exceeds about about 30% than normal value, in 1 ~ 3 minute, pipe pressure is in rising, pipe stream is in decline state, close to normal pipe pressure and Guan Liuqian 15 second, electric arc can produce slight shake because halogen golden in electric arc tube circulates with the zooming homogenization process of temperature, and then electric arc tube and circuit synchronization enter steady-working state.
Can find out that the HID electronic ballast of prior art exists following point from the description that above-mentioned composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 are done:
First, the circuit block of employing is many, bulky.Specifically, because circuit is multi-stage transformation, many transformers, many EE or EI inductance (on Fig. 2 the transformer of totally 5 larger volumes or inductance), many IC and needing need be adopted to adopt the cooperation of many high-power FETs and diode, resistance, electric capacity.For conventional 20W metal halogen lamp electric ballast, just need 5 transformers or inductance (wherein having the EE20 that 3 volumes are larger), 7 IC, power-type field effect transistor etc. more than 160 (wherein pasters more than 120 at the bottom of nearly 40 of plate face plug-in unit, plate).These circuit components are assembled into one, with regard to profile, long 110mm × 70mm × 30mm iron-clad encapsulation must be used just to be convenient to heat radiation.When adopting the Metal halogen lamp ballast of such as 150W relatively high power, then to be encapsulated by 190mm × 90mm × 30mm iron-clad.
Remove bulky outside, the connection of too much electronic devices and components design certainly will make side circuit complicated, and traditional lamp manufacturing process is difficult to control.
Another problem is extremely strong electromagnetic interference.Because Metal halogen lamp is high-intensity gas discharge lamp HID, in discharge cycle heated air, make particle oscillation and produce pressure wave, cause when this ripple and capacitor resonant tank form standing wave electric arc unstable, i.e. " sound oscillation ", use 120 ~ 800Hz low-frequency square-wave is needed to drive electric arc tube or other special circuits to overcome.Therefore, adopt the extremely complicated circuit such as DC/DC conversion, DC/AC full-bridge inverting, PWM control to control sound oscillation here, due in Metal halogen lamp start-up course, require that electric ballast provides sufficiently high driving voltage to produce arc through, make the mist generation glow discharge in fluorescent tube, and enough energy can be provided to make glow discharge be converted to arc discharge, have employed the multistage DC/DC conversion in LC series/parallel type resonance high-voltage pulse ignition circuit and foregoing circuit, DC/AC converts, the circuit such as PWM control, as high-voltage gas discharging light, inherently there is extremely strong electromagnetic interference, therefore, cause the electromagnetic interference to self circuit, as directly affected the stability of PWM control system, and to the EMC that environment produces, EMI electromagnetic interference.
These above-mentioned defects all hinder the progress that small-power (as about 10W) Metal halogen lamp enters household consumption.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art and provides low power Metal halogen lamp that can be for household use.
Be applicant's technology prejudice of finding to exist in prior art in the manufacture process of Metal halogen lamp with the invention of usual this area unlike, the present invention and complete while overcoming this technology prejudice.
First, think in the conventional technology high pressure must be relied on to belong to serious technology prejudice to the saying starting Metal halogen lamp.
Applicant finds in practice, and " the bad startup of Metal halogen lamp " is actually a long-standing mistake in understanding in the industry.Usual understanding, before Metal halogen lamp is uncolled after burning-point pipe pressure can up to one even tens atmospheric pressure, the voltage and the field intensity that do not exceed several ten thousand volts are difficult to puncture.But, the Metal halogen lamp of general illumination purposes refer to the non-burning-point of lamp leave standstill after (Metal halogen lamp is closed to the situation that the time between again starting generally is no more than 10 minutes) start under normal temperature state, instead of to need as automobile xenon lamp is opened repeatedly up to the startup under " heat " state of 2 ~ 30,000 volts of high pressure guarantees.
About the applicant for the startup aspect of gas discharge electricity-saving lamp achievement in research can see the applicant in first application for a patent for invention CN1691271A (publication date on November 2nd, 2005, denomination of invention is " Filament-free heated cathode fluorescent lamp "), the full content of the document is incorporated herein by reference as prior art.
On the basis of above-mentioned prior art, the applicant finds further, Metal halogen lamp is when high-frequency discharge, and the two end electrodes be under vacuum low pressure state can be satisfied with the inert gas puncturing and be filled with in fluorescent tube under the effect of external electric field, sets up electric discharge field.Because senior executive's pressure of Metal halogen lamp operation is not (as the CCFL) that formed by the inert gas that is filled with when making fluorescent tube and caliber and pipe range, but according to metals such as a certain amount of mercury fed in fluorescent tube or zinc, progressively rise at lamp hole temperature the hyperbar that after about 1000 DEG C, mercury or zinc fully gasify and formed and produce.Therefore the pipe pressure starting Metal halogen lamp be according to feed mercury quantity number, a working temperature that finally can form electric arc tube determining of Distance geometry between the size of discharging chamber, the two electrodes factors that imports the electric current of electric arc tube decides.Specifically, mercury-vapor pressure changes along with temperature often raises 10 DEG C and doubles.Can most clearly determine thus, although the inert gas that Metal halogen lamp is filled with when making has the amount of 10 ~ 80 torrs (slightly higher than conventional fluorescent lamps), senior executive's pressure that two electrode distances are carefully formed relative to CCFL fluorescent lamp pipe range and caliber with cavity diameter is almost negligible.Facts have proved, under electric ballast high frequency state, only need the voltage of about 300 volts, the electric arc tube of Metal halogen lamp just can be satisfied with and puncture startup, and the higher then puncture voltage of initiation culture is lower.Pipe pressure initial after puncturing only 20 ~ 30 volts, along with the electric arc tube temperature riser pressure of Metal halogen lamp slowly rises, at 100 volts after stable.
Should it is emphasized that, the transient state (within 1 microsecond) of fluorescent tube open circuit can be treated as before the electric arc tube of Metal halogen lamp is breakdown, can apparent load pipe pressure be high value, about the frequency of oscillation of the LC oscillating circuit be now jointly made up of the resonant capacitance on pre-driver circuitry (being no matter that IC fixed frequency drives or magnetic ring transformer drives), power driving circuit, low-frequency current circuit for generating and the choke induction of connect with load circuit can double than normal working frequency liter by fluorescent tube senior executive suppresses about, be therefore extremely conducive to the normal startup of electric arc tube.And, by classical formulas
derive, when vibration occurs LC series circuit, the voltage on electric capacity and inductance is the Q of supply voltage doubly (Q is the quality factor of resonant circuit); Therefore, in the inventive solutions the volume of choke induction and electrolytic capacitor capacity that are connected on electric arc tube two ends are suitably strengthened, thus the Q value that not only can improve resonant circuit improves current potential (voltage), and energy storage components and parts volume energy that is large and the large deposit of capacity is many, substantially increases the triggering startability of halogen electric arc tube thus.Therefore, the mode that this triggering realizing halogen electric arc tube by improving electrolytic capacitor capacity of the present invention starts fundamentally overcomes traditional technology prejudice.
In addition, be different from prior art and metal halogen lamp electric ballast driven to the explanation and solution that produce " sound oscillation ", the benign cycle of metal halide pill when the application works by improving Metal halogen lamp in electric arc tube cavity solves the problem of " sound oscillation ", namely by making metal halide pill be present after gaseous state fully, uniformly to gasify by Solid State Transformation, avoiding insufficient, uneven vapour and repeatedly entering the electric discharge of electrode two ends thus the electric arc caused instability " sound oscillation " that produce.The application takes electric ballast high-frequency drive and introduces low-frequency current circuit for generating to electric arc tube output low frequency electric current, suitably increase the power inputted simultaneously, according to 135% design input power of Metal halogen lamp nominal power, effectively overcome " sound oscillation "; Relatively traditional inductance ballast and the actual input power of electric ballast popular are on the market about 120% of Metal halogen lamp nominal powers, although the design improves the input power of 15% again on traditional infrastructure, but the logical output of Metal halogen lamp light and color rendering index are almost improve in proportion, should be desirable, especially from electric ballast volume, weight, to design and produce degree-of-difficulty factor and cost performance be one of optimized selection current technical conditions.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, provide a kind of HID electronic ballast, it comprises:
Civil power input stage, for accessing power frequency supply;
EMI filtering and rectification circuit, for the conduction of attenuate high frequency electromagnetic signal to avoid it for the interference of described access power frequency supply, and be converted to direct current DC by described civil power industrial frequency AC AC rectification;
Power factor (PF) correcting circuit, exchanges input active-power P for adjusting and exchanges the ratio inputting apparent power S, i.e. PF=P/S;
Drive circuit, for output drive signal;
Power driving circuit, for receiving the drive singal that described drive circuit exports, and power output drive singal;
Low-frequency current circuit for generating, for carrying out filtering to the output current of described EMI filtering and rectification circuit and carrying out voltage lifting by the energy storage component of self, and exports the electric current after booster tension;
Load circuit, receive the voltage of described low-frequency current circuit for generating output, electric current as enabling signal, and work under the driving of the power drive signal exported at described power driving circuit, output services condition indicative signal is to the input of described power driving circuit simultaneously; And
Protective circuit, receives the operating state index signal that described load circuit exports, and when the load circuit works described in the instruction of described index signal is abnormal, output protection signal stops the work of described drive circuit and described power driving circuit.
According to a technical scheme of the present invention, the energy storage component of self of wherein said low-frequency current generator is the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device of two serial connections, and have the proportional relation of 1 watt of (W)/1 ~ 2.15 microfarad (μ F) × 2 between its capacitance and the bearing power started, to ensure the proportional relation having 1 watt of (W)/0.015 ~ 0.033 ampere (A) between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup.
According to a technical scheme of the present invention, wherein said load circuit is halogen electric arc tube (HID).
As the key technical feature of technical solution of the present invention, the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device be connected in series is adopted to provide the energy started needed for HID lamp as energy-storage travelling wave tube, and ensure that the electric current provided correspondingly strengthens with bearing power, that is to choose capacitance be correspondingly strengthen with bearing power, improve voltage, electric current simultaneously, realize the unlatching of HID lamp.
Compared with the prior art comparatively, HID electronic ballast circuit of the present invention is simple, only make the quantity magnetic ring transformer that seldom (such as only), volume are very little and choke induction parts can realize the startup of HID electric arc tube, avoid and the high voltage pulse of the components and parts on pcb board is impacted and EMC and EMI electromagnetic interference; And the sound oscillation effectively overcome during Metal halogen lamp work, make small-power (such as power is at 10 ~ 150W) Metal halogen lamp can small compact and integration, and greatly reduce costs, especially make such as 10 ~ 20W power likely enter household consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the HID electronic ballast block diagram of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the metal halogen lamp electric ballast shown in corresponding diagram 1;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the HID electronic ballast according to technical solution of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the side circuit composition of reflection Fig. 3 design;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the side circuit composition of another reflection Fig. 3 design.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b is the schematic diagram of the Metal halogen lamp adopting HID electronic ballast of the present invention to make.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described.
With reference to Fig. 3 according to the HID electronic ballast block diagram of technical solution of the present invention, civil power input 1 is input to HID electronic ballast of the present invention the industrial frequency AC AC of 220/110V.By EMI filtering and rectification circuit 2 suppress/conductivity magnetic disturbance EMC that filtering is produced by circuit to the interference signal of power frequency supply, and is converted to direct current DC the civil power industrial frequency AC AC rectification of input.Circuit of power factor correction 3, adopts active APFC or passive PFC mode to adjust line power factor, and the big capacity electrolyte capacitor devices of two serial connections configured in the low-frequency current generator 6 utilizing rear class to connect are to the ripple DC filtering after rectification.When described circuit of power factor correction 3 adopts passive PFC, in low-frequency current generator 6, the energy storage effect of the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device of two serial connections of configuration is promoted to such as 310V the terminal voltage of this storage capacitor
dChigh pressure; And when described circuit of power factor correction 3 adopts active APFC, the terminal voltage of this storage capacitor is promoted to such as 400 ~ 450V
dC.As a rule, when the power of the HID lamp as load is less than 50W, can not consider to adopt APFC, but when being greater than more than 70W in the presence of the power of the HID lamp as load, just be necessary to adopt APFC.
The output signal of drive circuit 4 received power factor correcting circuit 3, and produce according to the signal of this reception the drive singal exported.Although the control of starting to control signal of load circuit 7 exception that to be this drive circuit 4 by circuit of power factor correction 3 accept to protect and control circuit 8 sends illustrated in Fig. 3; but in fact this drive circuit 4 directly can accept the control of starting to control signal of load circuit 7 exception protected and control circuit 8 sends; stop to power driving circuit 5 provide drive singal (drive singal of drive circuit 4 imports " and ", i.e. V
dC-), until civil power input 1 is cut off.
Power driving circuit 5 receives the drive singal that described drive circuit 4 exports, suppose when the employing magnetic ring transformer shown in Fig. 3 as drive circuit 4, this power driving circuit 5 can adopt a pair triode to coordinate magnetic ring transformer and self peripheral circuit to produce self-oscillation, and the component parameter that self-excited oscillatory frequency is chosen designed by drive circuit 4, power driving circuit 5, low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 and load circuit 7 pins down to work in coordination with to be determined.If when adopting integrated circuit (IC) to drive in side circuit, be then so-called separated exciting oscillating circuit, power driving circuit 5 does not produce self-excitation, is the separate excitation driven by IC.In this case frequency of oscillation is determined by the time constant circuit of IC periphery.Power driving circuit 5 adopts a pair high-power crystal switching tube as the two-arm of active leg by alternately conducting and the cut-off of drive circuit signal controlling, and when the big capacity electrolyte capacitor devices of two of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 serial connections as the two-arm of passive leg, alternately " draw " by " pushing away ", define " similar " bridge circuit effect, alternately export low-frequency current that the high-frequency current that exported by power driving circuit 5 and low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 export provides height mixing frequently in order operating current to load electric arc tube.
Load circuit 7 receives power drive signal from power driving circuit 5 as high-frequency work current signal, receives the high pressure low-frequency current signal that big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C5 discharges simultaneously, and export an index signal from low-frequency current circuit for generating 6.Load circuit 7 is a low power HID lamp in the present invention, and such as power is at the Metal halogen lamp of 10W to 150W (being all be called small-power by below 150W in usual industry standard).Another function of load circuit 7 is the LC vibration producing self under the impact of front stage circuits, its LC vibration frequency affects vibration and the operating frequency of front stage circuits, but its LC frequency of oscillation is different from vibration and the operating frequency of front stage circuits, form fixing incidence relation.
Low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 is cores of the present invention.Functionally, be first the current filter as prime DC power supply, elimination ripple component also plays charging electric power storage boost function.Coordinate the power drive signal of the output of power driving circuit 5, play the effect that circuit passive leg provides circuital current loop, and the current charges that DC power supply directly provided, electric power storage, as low-frequency current after boosting, according to the speed of two power switch pipes usually adopted in power driving circuit conducting and cut-off in turn, or more ground be in an orderly manner the described load circuit 7 small-power HID lamp of indication (namely in the application) is discharged according to the Frequency of device self distinctive < < 1000Hz, meet electric arc tube work low-frequency current, promote the temperature of electric arc tube inner chamber body.On composition, the big capacity electrolyte capacitor of a pair serial connection is employed as filtering, energy storage, boosting element in this low-frequency current circuit for generating 6, this is connected in series between power supply and ground to bulky capacitor, the mid point of series connection is connected with one end of load circuit 3, the total capacity of capacitance is selected to be directly proportional to the power of gold-supported halogen lamp, the i.e. proportional relation of 1 watt of (W)/1 ~ 2.15 microfarad (μ F) × 2, to ensure the proportional relation having 1 watt of (W)/0.015 ~ 0.033 ampere (A) between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup.
Protective circuit and control circuit 8 receive the electric arc plumber shape index signal that described load circuit 7 exports, and when described index signal instruction described in load circuit 7 operation irregularity time, output protection signal stops the work of described drive circuit 4 and described power driving circuit 5; Or be designed with circuit of power factor correction 3 at circuit to adopt when APFC circuit and provide signal, the APFC circuit of circuit of power factor correction 3 quit work, no longer to rear class output services electric current.
Operation principle of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the circuit theory diagrams shown in accompanying drawing 4.Because input 1 in the diagram with the civil power shown in Fig. 3, EMI filtering and the rectification circuit 2 concrete circuit corresponding with circuit of power factor correction 3 there is no and to change and identical with prior art, not shown on figure 4 for avoiding repeating.As shown in Figure 4, comprising there being a power supply trigger starting circuit, be made up of resistance R1, R2, electric capacity C2, diode D1 and adjoining bidirectional trigger diode DB3; The parameter of adjusting resistance R1, R2, electric capacity C2, namely the time constant of RC can change the toggle speed (between 1ms ~ 20ms) of the drive circuit 4 after power supply is connected, so that prime rectification circuit 2 or circuit of power factor correction 3 pairs of other energy-storage travelling wave tubes of late-class circuit, especially two abundant charging energy-storings of big capacity electrolyte capacitor of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6.Drive circuit 4 comprises: magnetic ring transformer N1, N2, N3, triode Q1, Q2 and transistor base b and emitter e resistance R3, R4, R5, R6, diode D4 and D5; Power driving circuit 5 comprises: the peripheral circuit of triode Q1, Q2 and transistor collector c and emitter e, choke induction L2, resonant capacitance C3 and electrolytic capacitor C4, C5; Low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 comprises: electrolytic capacitor C4, C5; Load circuit 7 comprises: Metal halogen lamp and the resonant capacitance C3 in parallel with Metal halogen lamp; Protection and control circuit 8 comprise: controllable silicon Q3, diode D6, D7, resistance R7 ~ R11 and electric capacity C6 ~ C8.
Below in conjunction with the course of work of circuit shown in Fig. 3 theory diagram key diagram 4.After circuit power is connected and is inputted civil power energising, U
dC+pass through R1, R2 is to the C2 charging (simultaneously also to the charging of other energy-storage travelling wave tubes of circuit) of series connection ground connection, when C2 both end voltage reaches >+32V, the bidirectional trigger diode DB3 connected with C2+ is breakdown, to base stage b trigger current of triode Q2, Q2 starts conducting (i.e. conducting between Q2ce) between collector electrode c and emitter e, at this moment two big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C4 of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6, C5 fully charges, conducting between Q2ce, equaling discharges over the ground to C5+ provides a passage: namely from load circuit 7 (being small-power HID lamp in this application) through choke induction L2, the former limit N3 of magnetic ring transformer, triode Q2 collector electrode c is to emitter e, emitter resistance R6 is to ground.C5 is jumbo electric capacity, produce large discharging current, there is a very strong activation to the halogen electric arc tube two end electrodes of load circuit 7, provide very favorable condition for next half cycle triode Q1 conducting exports the disposable electric arc tube that punctures of high-frequency high-voltage current.Along with Q2 conducting, C5 discharging current are through the electric current of the former limit N3 of magnetic ring transformer, make the secondary N2 connected with triode Q2 base stage b induce a upper negative lower positive signal, and base stage accelerating circuit D5, R4 auxiliary under order about triode Q2 and end fast; Make the secondary N1 connected with triode Q1 base stage b to induce on one just lower negative signal simultaneously, and base stage accelerating circuit D4, R3 auxiliary under order about Q1 fast conducting.Triode Q1 and Q2 is connected in series up and down, and when triode Q1 is conducting state, triode Q2 is then in cut-off state; Otherwise when triode Q2 is conducting state, triode Q1 is then in cut-off state, and namely triode Q2 and Q1 realizes high speed samsara cut-off and conducting, and its frequency is up to more than 20KHZ.Triode Q1 conducting and the voltage that emitter e is exported and electric current are at U
dC+under the promotion of discharging with the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C4+ of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6, form high-frequency high-voltage current, export from triode Q1 emitter resistance R5, by the former limit N3 of magnetic ring transformer, through choke induction L2 boosting, load circuit (HID lamp in the present invention) is discharged, current potential finally by the moment arriving just fully discharge off at electric current is very low, can treat as the C5 ground connection of shorted to earth.The startup of the process of this high-frequency and high-voltage electric discharge, at the electric arc tube of the HID lamp as load by the moment before breakdown, due to LC vibration and the effect of driving switch circuit, transient current frequency can rise to more than one times of normal working frequency, because initiation culture higher electric arc tube puncture voltage is lower, be generally enough to electric arc tube to puncture startup.If be not activated as the electric arc tube of the HID lamp of load, electric current then owing to flowing through magnetic ring transformer former limit N3 is reverse, triode Q1, Q2 of half-bridge serial connection start work again and again (alternately conducting and cut-off), using breakdown for the electric arc tube of the HID lamp as load when triode Q1 once or again goes up conducting once.Following two kinds of situations may be there are in this process:
1) a kind of situation is being punctured by the electric arc tube of the HID lamp as load in normal range (NR) according to design, and stable electric arc is set up at electrode two ends, and it is very low to start pipe pressure, only 20 ~ 30V, and pipe stream is very large, is about 1.3 times of normal work; The appearance of big current causes in electric arc tube cavity is heated rapidly, and the quick riser of mercury vapor pressure presses liter, and electric current gets back to normal operating value gradually, within 1 ~ 3 minute, enters steady operation.About entering steady operation precontract 15 second, disposable from solid to gasification due to halogen recyclegas golden under high temperature, arriving fully gasification again and having an extremely of short duration homogenization process, can there is slight shake in electric arc, also can see the slight flicker of the visible ray that electric arc tube sends.This is that the application's designed lines can see one of " sound oscillation " phenomenon, and the identification of this situation industry is normal.Usually, if join according to the same a collection of ballast of the application's design the same batch of electric arc tube getting same quality, then the ballast of major part (being such as greater than more than 70%) mates very well with the HID lamp electric arc tube as load, working stability.Above-mentioned " sound oscillation " phenomenon is produced after a small amount of (being usually the less than 30%) situation that may occur is about burning-point half an hour, even when simple line adjustment also cannot make it stable, the method improving input power then can be adopted to solve, such as the power of input is brought up to and be about about 135% of electric arc tube nominal power, now will above-mentioned " sound oscillation " phenomenon be made immediately to disappear.Such as the electric arc tube of the HID lamp of 70W, input power can be designed into 70W × 135%=94.5W, electric arc tube at this moment just enters steady operation at once.Trace it to its cause, one is that the metal halide pill deal fed in electric arc tube manufacturing process exceeds standard, and causes golden halogen material under nominal power cannot abundant homogenizing, and namely golden halogen circulation is bad; Two is that the design of electric arc tube inner chamber is lack of standardization, and the electric arc tube of especially quartz making, there will be the situation having external mold not have internal mold, and because inner chamber blows afloat by high-pressure blast, therefore golden halogen circulation is bad; Three is the not high or gas leakage of covering cell-shell vacuum degree, and the bad electric arc tube working temperature that causes of Surgery therapy is too low, and the circulation of golden halogen is bad.In a word, basic reason is all that the circulation of golden halogen is bad, increases input power, that is improves the heating power or heating current that import electric arc tube cavity, forces golden halogen to circulate and improves, eliminate " sound oscillation ".The input power simultaneously increasing about 35% synchronously can both improve the logical output of light and color rendering index to any electric arc tube; And traditional inductance ballast and metal halogen lamp electric ballast popular on the market design be also improve about 20% input power, for overcoming current electric arc tube and Metal halogen lamp designs and produces the uneven of parameter in the present embodiment, the ballast design input power of non-supply of special item can be improved about about 12.5% by suggestion on the basis of tradition 20%, this also provides a kind of selection of the cost performance reached.
2) the second situation that may occur is that electric arc tube is even the situation that can not normally start.Normally because controllable silicon is that the protection of main composition and control circuit 8 detect that the voltage of choke induction L2 and load circuit 7 tie point has exceeded normal initiate potential.Now by being charged to electric capacity C7 by diode D7 after tie point resistance R11, electric capacity C8 resistance-capacitance depressurization, bidirectional diode DB3 is punctured by resistance R8 during C7+ voltage >+32V, to one, the control pole working signal of controllable silicon Q3, controllable silicon starts to control conducting, and by the diode D5 being oppositely connected on triode Q1 base stage b, the drive singal of input triode Q1 is imported ground; R7, C6 are attempted by between SCR control pole and ground, and the signal importing SCR control pole can not be suddenlyd change, until power circuit is turned off.
Operation principle of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the circuit theory diagrams shown in accompanying drawing 5.Fig. 5 is the embodiment adopting integrated circuit (IC) to implement the present invention's design.The IC (as IR2520D) such as adopting self-oscillation to hold concurrently to drive carrys out a pair field effect transistor switch pipe transistor Q1, Q2 that alternative magnetic ring transformer drives half-bridge power output circuit; utilize IC can take into account multi-functional feature simultaneously and introduce an other field effect transistor switch transistor Q3 as APFC electric current adjustment transistor; the power factor of circuit input is brought up to PF > 0.99, and the abnormity protection circuit utilizing this IC self to have starts abnormal protection to HID lamp pipe.Specific works principle is, field effect transistor switch transistor Q3 is as the field effect transistor of the discharge and recharge of big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9 of control low-frequency current generator 6, it is the low-side drive signal control of the IC5 pin of IR2520D model thus, obviously, its conducting is synchronous with cut-off and field effect transistor switch transistor Q2; That is the lower half rectification circuit of scene effect switching transistor Q2 conducting cannot charge to big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9, but the boost inductance L1 that civil power input circuit 1 is introduced improves current potential to input AC electricity, meets that field effect transistor switch transistor Q2, Q3 synchronously end, Q1 conducting time abundant charging to big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9.Thisly design benefit improves the current potential of big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9 adjusting and improve line power factor while, namely field effect transistor switch transistor Q1, Q2 voltage that conducting imports load electric arc tube in turn improves, and is conducive to normal startup and work.Resistance R1, R2, R5 in figure, electric capacity C4, C5 and diode D5, D6 provide stable low-voltage supply for IC; R5, C6 are the time constant circuit of IC, adjust the driving operating frequency that its parameter can change IC.Be connected on the C11 of IC4 pin as C
vCOelectric capacity, changes its capacitance and then can adjust the characteristic that electric arc tube starts abnormal protection, namely under normal circumstances, and C
vCOvoltage very low (generally lower than 1.8V), as current potential more than during 2V (for providing antijamming capability, its internal comparator is had an appointment 150mV return difference), then show that electric arc tube has fault, at this moment the vibrator of IC interior quits work, the output of two gate drivers is low level, and integrated circuit is in micropower mode; After pending fault is got rid of, C
vCOvoltage is pulled back to closely current potential, and reset signal makes integrated circuit restart.
Circuit theory shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 4 are identical in itself, just to the embody rule introducing integrated circuit (IC).And outside the IC of IR2520D model removing above-mentioned example, be applicable to other integrated circuit of the present invention and can use equally, this is obvious for professional and technical personnel.The especially applicable actual input power of HID electric arc tube electric ballast of the IC formation of the IR2520D model of above-mentioned example is less than the circuit of 100W, input power is greater than to the circuit of 100W, the general application-specific integrated circuit adopting active power factor adjustment and rear class vibration driving to separate separately according to Fig. 3 block diagram principle, as APFC circuit adopts the L6560/L6561/L6562 of meaning method SGS-Thomson (ST) or the KA7526 of fairchild's international semiconductor company, vibration and drive circuit adopt the integrated circuit of the IR215X series of international rectification (IR) company, the representative integrated circuits such as the UBA2024 of L6569 or Philips of meaning method SGS-Thomson (ST) company and the peripheral circuit matched by its requirement, front-to-back effect when although components and parts cost can rise but can avoid the regulation of electrical circuit, obtain better circuit effect.The method of the control circui overcoming " sound oscillation " phenomenon as circuit shown in Fig. 5 relevant and start abnormal conditions can reference diagram 4 associated description, does not repeat them here.
The circuit embodying Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 that Fig. 3 of the present invention conceives reflects good invention effect in the measured data in laboratory.For the sake of clarity, the small-power HID halogen electric arc tube being less than 150W is illustrated by following table 1 with the experimental data of corresponding HID electronic ballast of the present invention.
In laboratory conditions, when adopting domestic electric arc tube to coordinate the HID electronic ballast according to the principle of the invention to test, the nominal power of the HID electric arc tube chosen is respectively 10W, 20W, 70W and 150W, and its various characterisitic parameter meets corresponding Standard.
In order to reflect real effectiveness of the present invention, for coordinating the test having carried out sufficient randomness between different nominal power HID electric arc tube with the used HID electronic ballast conceived according to the present invention.Specifically, for the HID electric arc tube that nominal power is 10W, stress the experiment test (namely driving the HID electric arc tube of 5 10W with the electron plate of one piece of HID electronic ballast respectively) of the corresponding multiple HID electric arc tube of employing HID electronic ballast; For the HID electric arc tube that nominal power is 20W, 70W and 150W, except adopting the experiment test of the corresponding multiple HID electric arc tube of an above-mentioned HID electronic ballast, also stress the experiment test (that is, such as driving the HID electric arc tube of same 20W with the electron plate of polylith HID electronic ballast respectively) adopting the corresponding single HID electric arc tube of multiple HID electronic ballast.
The making material of the HID electric arc tube used in the experiment test shown in formation table 1 can be ceramic material (for the test of the HID electric arc tube of 20W, 70W and 150W in such as table 1), quartz material (for the test of the HID electric arc tube of 70W and 150W in such as table 1), also can be composite material (for the test of 10WHID electric arc tube in such as table 1, specifically may be thought of as such as quartz and ceramic composite material).See table 1, wherein except providing corresponding electrical parameter test data, also provide optical parametric test data simultaneously.Those skilled in the art are appreciated that and the lighting requirement that these parameters meet GB completely and provide do not repeat to this application.
From table 1 above, rely on two electrochemical capacitors of wherein connecting to achieve the starting of halogen electric arc tube as energy storage original paper according to the electric ballast of technical scheme of the present invention, obtain the illumination effect of expectation.As the summary of the design guidance of upper table, under the prerequisite ensuring safety operation allowance, the total capacity of two series connection electrolysis capacitance is selected be chosen to be with the proportional relation of the power of gold-supported halogen lamp: 1 watt of (W)/1 ~ 2.15 microfarad (μ F) × 2.It can also be seen that from table, above-mentioned selection can ensure the proportional relation having 1 watt of (W)/0.015 ~ 0.033 (A) between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup.
HID electronic ballast circuit of the present invention is simple, only makes the inductance component of the very little magnetic ring transformer of quantity little (such as nominal power 24W is with line only), volume and a normal volume can realize the startup of HID electric arc tube.With embodiment illustrated in fig. 4, a little magnetic ring transformer has only been used with line at nominal power 24W, namely coil N1 ~ N3 is provided, its diameter is about 9mm, thickness is about 5mm, just can realize the making of the electric ballast of the HID electric arc tube use of 20W with EE19 ~ EE22 inductance, its magnetic ring transformer is almost identical with the magnetic core size of use in electricity-saving lamp design with the volume of EE19 ~ EE22 inductance.If considered from the value volume and range of product of line design device used, the electric ballast of technical solution of the present invention and the difference of electricity-saving lamp can be thought and be almost only two big capacity electrolyte capacitor devices.If consider that 70W Metal halogen lamp chooses the electrolytic capacitor of 100 ~ 150 μ F/250V, single with regard to volume, according to making material and the technology of current general electrolytic electric capacity, the diameter of this capacitor chosen is 18mm, and height is 31mm to 36mm.The inductance relatively adopted in prior art is compared with the HID electronic ballast that transformer makes, and volume and weight reduces greatly.
In addition present invention, avoiding the high voltage pulse of the components and parts on pcb board impacted and EMC and EMI electromagnetic interference and effectively overcome Metal halogen lamp work time sound oscillation, make small-power (such as power is at 10 ~ 150W) Metal halogen lamp can small compact and integration, and greatly reduce costs, especially make such as 10 ~ 20W power likely enter domestic lighting and use.
As mentioned above, the volume of HID electronic ballast making to make due to technical scheme of the present invention, weight reduce greatly, almost be as good as with the volume and weight of the electric ballast of traditional energy-saving lamp, as long as be therefore obviously appreciated that the similar approach adopting and make traditional energy-saving lamp, the HID electronic ballast simultaneously made with technical solution of the present invention substitutes the electric ballast of traditional energy-saving lamp and substitutes the fluorescent tube of traditional energy-saving lamp simultaneously with HID electric arc tube, can produce the HID electric arc tube lighting device that volume greatly reduces.Described referential relevant traditional energy-saving lamp manufacturing technology, can see, for example the patent of invention lighting device of common parts " can " (the application publication number CN101754544A of the Chinese utility model patent of the applicant's earlier application " a kind of energy-saving micro lamp " (patent No. ZL200420023714.6) and Chen Zonglie, Gong Shihong application, Shen Qing Publication day 2010.06.23), this two application is incorporated to the present invention as a reference in full.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b is the schematic diagram of the Metal halogen lamp adopting HID electronic ballast of the present invention to make.For Fig. 6 a, the Metal halogen lamp adopting HID electronic ballast of the present invention to make comprises halogen electric arc tube 1, cell-shell 2, Ceramic lamp base 4, thermal insulation layer 5, upper cover 6 and lamp holder 7.According to technical solution of the present invention, the HID electronic ballast of the circuit theory of Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 making is adopted to be placed on the inside of upper cover 6.Fig. 6 b is the another kind of form of Fig. 6 a, structurally with the addition of outside bulb shell 3, makes in appearance closer to the bulb that traditional-family uses.
Above-mentioned fact Example in the application is only for explaining the design of explanation technical solution of the present invention but not limiting for the present invention.Scope of the present invention is limited by claims.
Claims (2)
1. a HID electronic ballast, it comprises:
Civil power input stage (1), for accessing power frequency supply;
EMI filtering and rectification circuit (2), for the conduction of attenuate high frequency electromagnetic signal to avoid it for the interference of accessed power frequency supply, and be converted to direct current by the AC rectification of described power frequency supply;
Power factor (PF) correcting circuit (3), inputs active power (P) for the interchange adjusted as power factor and exchanges the ratio inputting apparent power (S), and it can be used as signal to export;
Drive circuit (4), for the output signal of received power factor (PF) correcting circuit (3), and produces the drive singal exported according to the signal received;
Power driving circuit (5), for receiving the drive singal that described drive circuit (4) exports, and power output drive singal;
Low-frequency current circuit for generating (6), for carrying out filtering to the output current of described EMI filtering and rectification circuit (2) and carrying out voltage lifting by the energy storage component of self, and exports the electric current after booster tension;
Load circuit (7), receive voltage that described low-frequency current circuit for generating (6) exports, electric current as enabling signal, and work under the driving of the power drive signal exported at described power driving circuit (5), output services condition indicative signal is to the input of described power driving circuit (5) simultaneously; And
Protection and control circuit (8); receive the operating state index signal that described load circuit (7) exports; and when described index signal indicates described load circuit (7) operation irregularity; output protection signal stops the work of described drive circuit (4) and described power driving circuit (5)
The energy storage component of self of wherein said low-frequency current generator (6) is the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device of two serial connections, and between its capacitance and the bearing power started, have the proportional relation of 1 watt/1 ~ 2.15 microfarad × 2, to ensure the proportional relation having 1 watt/0.015 ~ 0.033 ampere between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup, wherein by two serial connection big capacity electrolyte capacitor devices between serial connection point to load circuit (7) output voltage electric current as enabling signal, and
Wherein said load circuit (7) is halogen electric arc tube (HID).
2. a halogen electric arc tube lighting device, is characterized in that adopting the HID electronic ballast described in the claims 1.
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| CN105263249B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-06-26 | 上海绿寰光电有限公司 | A kind of high-frequency electronic ballast |
| CN104822216B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2019-05-07 | 泉州师范学院 | Low power HID lamp drive circuit |
| CN104822208B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2019-05-07 | 泉州师范学院 | Step-down circuit of low-power HID lamp drive circuit |
| CN105356740B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2019-06-28 | 敏业信息科技（上海）有限公司 | Inhibit the electrical energy transformer of structure with electromagnetic interference |
| CN105490517A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州市纽克斯照明有限公司 | Circuit structure minimizing HID electromagnetic interference |
| CN105578694B (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | 苏州纽克斯电源技术股份有限公司 | A kind of short-circuit protection circuit based on low-frequency electronic rectifier with squre wave |
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| EP0979025A1 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2000-02-09 | LapLaz Light Co. | Method and circuit of an electronic ballast |
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| JP3922394B2 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 2007-05-30 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | Discharge lamp lighting device and lighting device |
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| CN2271089Y (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1997-12-17 | 黄天柱 | Low harmonic electronic ballast |
| EP0979025A1 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2000-02-09 | LapLaz Light Co. | Method and circuit of an electronic ballast |
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| 电子镇流器控制器/半桥驱动器IR2520D;何晓薇;《电子世界》;20031231;第50-51页 * |
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