CN103674623A - Wheel type timed quantitative snow sample collection device without external power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

A wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without external power supply, which is composed of an insulated box, a snowfall receiving structure, a snowmelt storage structure, a heating device and solar power supply equipment; the snowfall receiving structure, snowmelt storage structure and heating device are all located in the Inside the thermal insulation box; the snowfall receiving structure is fixed on the top of the right side of the thermal insulation box, the snow melting storage structure is located at the lower part of the left box, the heating device is located at the right corner, and the solar power supply equipment is located outside the thermal insulation box on the right side, connected by a cable. The invention has the characteristics of high degree of automation, compact structure, small size and convenient management, and does not need an external power supply. At the same time, it is generally applicable to winter snowfall collection, and provides scientific snowfall automatic sampling equipment for winter non-point source pollution research.

Description

A wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without external power supply

【Technical field】

The invention relates to a wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without an external power supply, in particular to an automatic sampling device for collecting snow samples during the snowfall period in different periods for studying the erosion of air pollutants during the snowfall process. The sampling device can be applied to environmental monitoring and hydrometeorological departments to collect snowfall, and belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring and hydrometeorological equipment.

【Background technique】

According to the different characteristics of pollution sources, water pollution can be divided into point source pollution and non-point source pollution. Non-point source pollution refers to the discharge of dissolved and solid pollutants from non-specific locations into receiving water bodies (including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, bays, etc.) Cause eutrophication or other forms of pollution of water bodies. Compared with point source pollution, the occurrence of non-point source pollution has the characteristics of randomness, uncertainty of discharge route and pollutant discharge, temporal and spatial differences of pollution load, and great difficulty in monitoring, control and management. The types of pollutants include suspended solids (traffic, atmospheric dry and wet deposition, chimney dust), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), oxygen-depleting substances (domestic garbage, leaves, grass and messy waste piles) and toxic substances (heavy metals, pesticides, etc.) pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, etc.). Among them, snowfall is a very important form of precipitation in northern winter, and heating in winter leads to an increase in air pollution particles. The non-point source pollution caused by snowfall is particularly serious, so the non-point source pollution caused by snowfall cannot be ignored. And some studies have shown that snowfall carries more pollutants than rainfall, because snowflakes have a longer contact time with pollutants during the falling process, making the potential pollution impact of snowmelt greater. At the same time, the content of some pollutants in snow cover was significantly higher than the average concentration of pollutants in rainwater in the same area, indicating that the intensity of potential non-point source pollution caused by snowfall in different periods is different. In view of this background, it is extremely important to collect snowfall in different periods to study the load and change of urban non-point source pollution in winter. Snowfall needs to be collected in environmental monitoring. In the past, manual work was often used, that is, monitoring personnel held sampling containers to receive snow samples many times during snowfall. However, in cold and snowy weather, manual collection of snowfall samples is not only time-consuming, laborious, but also dangerous. Therefore, automatic and efficient collection of snowfall samples is a concern in the fields of environment and hydrometeorology. Precipitation collection devices used in the field of environment and hydrometeorology are constantly developing. For example, the application number is 89207888.X, and the name is precipitation automatic sampler. And the relay, through the positive and negative rotation of the motor to control the opening and closing of the box cover, so as to realize the automatic sampling of rainfall, not only the structure is simple and compact, but also the price is relatively cheap. Another example is that the application number is 20070084376.0, the name is precipitation automatic sampler, and the utility model patent with the publication number CN201034863Y realizes the automatic opening and sampling of the cover plate of the sampler cylinder through the action of natural rainfall and gravity, and has simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance , and does not need electricity to facilitate popularization and field use. There is also an application number of 200710056668.8, and the name is an atmospheric dry and wet deposition multifunctional sampler with automatic lifting of the collection tank. The publication number is the invention patent of CN101013071A. The lifting mechanism is used to move the collection tank up and down respectively, and it is controlled by a rain sensor and a time controller. The circuit realizes the collection of rainwater or dry sedimentation samples, the design is simple and the parts are easy to process.

Most of the above-mentioned patents are for collecting rainfall, not for snowfall sampling, and lack of multi-period snowfall sampling. In recent years, some patents have begun to design automatic snowfall sampling and multi-period rainfall sampling. For example, the application number is 200710056667.3, and the name is rainfall and dust-fall multifunctional automatic sampler in different time periods. The publication number is the invention patent of CN101013070A. A plurality of collection cups are evenly arranged on the rotating tray driven by the transmission mechanism, and can automatically and continuously collect when it rains. Rainwater can also automatically collect atmospheric samples at different times when the rainwater controller is turned off. Another example is that the application number is 200520088519.6, the name is a kind of rainfall and snowfall sampler, and the publication number is the invention patent of CN2862009, which utilizes the rainproof device and the heating tube to solve the problem that the sampler cover cannot be opened due to freezing and avoids the problem that the cover cannot be opened. In order to avoid the phenomenon that pollutants such as sand and dust enter the gaps and affect the quality of the detection, a device that can collect simple snow samples is designed. However, although the above patents realize simple snowfall sampling, none of them involve the automatic collection of snow samples in the time-segmented snowfall duration, and due to complex structures, large volumes or functional limitations, they cannot meet the needs of multi-period snowfall automatic sampling. The development of a new type of time-segmented automatic sampling device, so that it can be applied to most winter snowfall sampling, is of great significance to the study of urban winter water pollution.

【Content of invention】

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without an external power supply. In view of the above problems, combined with the environmental monitoring requirements, a compact snowfall automatic sampling device that continuously collects snow samples in different periods is provided. Realize timely, accurate and continuous collection of snow samples.

The invention is a wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without an external power supply, which is composed of a thermal insulation box, a snowfall receiving structure, a snowmelting storage structure, a heating device and solar power supply equipment. The position connection relationship between them is: the snowfall receiving structure, the snowmelt storage structure and the heating device are all located inside the thermal insulation box; the snowfall receiving structure is fixed on the top of the right side of the thermal insulation box, and the snowmelt storage structure is located on the left side of the box. The lower part of the body, the heating device is located in the right corner; the solar power supply equipment is located on the right side of the outside of the thermal insulation box, connected by cables.

The heat preservation box is in the shape of a spliced body of two cuboids, the size of which is stepped. All sides of the box are made of stainless steel material combined with XPS extruded board to achieve the effect of heat preservation inside the box and stable installation. The upper part of the box has an openable upper cover, that is, the dust cover, which is fixed to the lower part of the box by buckles. The left side is used to place and take out the snowmelt storage container, and the right side is used to prevent pollution of the snowfall receiving structure around the non-snowfall period (that is, to prevent function of the dust cover).

The snowfall receiving structure includes a triangular prism-shaped glass tank and its square supporting columns. The top of the square support column is in contact with the triangular prism-shaped glass tank, and the bottom end of the square support column is in contact with the bottom surface of the heat preservation box; the triangular prism-shaped glass tank is spliced by two glass plates with an included angle of 140 degrees, and In the box, the square support columns with different heights are fixed at an angle of 20 degrees to the horizontal plane and the central axis is parallel to the vertical plane. When the upper dust cover is opened during snowfall, snow samples can fall onto the glass plate of the triangular prism-shaped glass tank, and after melting, flow down the inclined angle of the triangular prism-shaped glass tank to the water inlet pipe and the snowmelt storage container middle.

The snowmelt storage structure is composed of a water inlet pipe, a timing turntable, a snowmelt storage container and a drainpipe. The timing turntable is located in the center of the small box on the left, and it is provided with the operation of timing rotation at a predetermined angle. The panel above the turntable is distributed with 12 circular grooves that can place snowmelt storage containers, that is, sampling bottles. The water inlet section of the water inlet pipe is fixed at the water outlet at the bottom of the triangular prism-shaped glass tank, and the other end is located above the center of the rightmost snowmelt storage container. The snowmelt storage container is a polyethylene bottle, which collects and stores the snowmelt at the same time as the timing turntable rotates. The drain pipe is set on the panel below the timing turntable and protrudes out of the insulation box to discharge excess snow when the storage warning value is exceeded.

The heating device is located at the right corner of the insulation box and is separated from the snowfall receiving structure, and is used to heat the air in the entire insulation box to keep the insulation box at a stable room temperature (about 25 degrees), Simulate the normal melting process of snowfall, so that the snowfall can be melted and collected in time. The heating device is in the shape of a cuboid, with a metal tubular electric heating element as the main body and a stainless steel outer cover.

The solar power supply equipment includes a solar panel, a solar controller and a storage battery. The relationship between the three is: under the control of the solar controller system, the electric energy obtained by converting the solar radiation energy from the solar panel is sent to the storage battery for storage and released when needed. During the day, the solar energy is collected and converted into electric energy for storage, which will be used for the power consumption of equipment in the subsequent snow collection process, which embodies the scientific concept of green environmental protection, and is also very convenient and fast. The solar panel is in the shape of a cuboid, with dimensions of 980*795*35mm and a power of 100wp; the solar controller is a 12V10A photovoltaic controller, which is in a cuboid shape; the specification of the battery is 12V/60AH.

Wherein, the number of the square supporting columns is 6;

Wherein, the outer dimension of the glass plate is 40*60cm*4mm;

The present invention is a wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device that does not need an external power supply. Its advantages and effects are: the present invention realizes the technology of collecting snow samples in different periods during the snowfall duration. Compared with the prior art, it has High degree of automation, compact structure, small size, easy to carry, easy to manage, and no external power supply is required. At the same time, it is generally suitable for winter snowfall collection, and the price is relatively cheap. It provides a scientific automatic snowfall for the research of non-point source pollution in urban winter. sampling equipment.

【Description of drawings】

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the device

Figure 2 is the front view of the device

Figure 3 is a top view of the device

Figure 4 is the left view of the device

In Figure 1:

1-Snowfall receiving structure: triangular prism glass tank 2-Snow melting storage container: polyethylene bottle 3-Timing turntable 4-Heating device: heater and battery 5-Dust cover 6-Solar panel 7-Solar controller 8-Support Column 9-Insulation box 10-Inlet pipe 11-Drain pipe 12-Clip

【Detailed ways】

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device that does not require an external power supply is composed of an insulated box 9, a snowfall receiving structure 1, snow melting storage structures 2, 3, 10, 11, a heating device 4 and Solar power supply equipment 6,7 is formed.

The heat preservation box 9 is in the shape of a splicing body of two rectangular parallelepipeds, the size of which is stepped. All sides of the heat preservation box are made of stainless steel material combined with XPS extruded board to achieve the effect of heat preservation inside the box and stable installation. The upper part of the thermal insulation box 9 has an openable upper cover, that is, a dust cover 5, which is fixed to the lower part of the box by buckles 12. The left side is used to place and take out the snowmelt storage container 2, and the right side is used to prevent pollution of the receiving structure around the non-snowfall period. Blocking (i.e. the effect of the dust cover 5).

The snowfall receiving structure includes a triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1 and its square supporting columns 8 . The top of the square support column 8 is in contact with the triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1, and the bottom end of the square support column 8 is in contact with the bottom surface of the heat preservation box; the triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1 is spliced by two glass plates with an angle of 140 degrees. The size of each glass plate is 40*60cm*4mm, and it is fixed in such a way that the angle between the horizontal plane and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees and the central axis is parallel to the vertical plane through six square support columns 8 of different heights in the box. When the dust-proof cover 5 above was opened during the snowfall process, the snow sample could fall onto the glass plate, and flow down into the snowmelt storage container 2 along the inclined angle of the triangular prism glass tank 1 after melting.

The snow melting storage structure is composed of a water inlet pipe 10 , a timing dial 3 , a snow melting storage container 2 and a drain pipe 11 . The timing turntable 3 is located at the center of the small box on the left side, and is provided with the operation of timing rotation predetermined angle, and the panel above the timing turntable 3 is distributed with 12 circular grooves that can place the snowmelt storage container 2, that is, the sampling bottle. The water inlet section of the water inlet pipe 10 is fixed at the water outlet at the bottom of the triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1, and the other end is located above the center of the rightmost snowmelt storage container 2. in container 2. The melting snow storage container 2 is a polyethylene bottle, which collects and stores the melting snow of the same period along with the rotation of the timing turntable 3 . The drainage pipe 11 is arranged on the lower panel of the timing turntable 3 and extends out of the heat preservation box, and discharges excess snowmelt when the storage warning value is exceeded.

The heating device 4 is located at the right side corner of the insulated box 9 and is separated from the triangular prism glass tank 1, and is used to heat the air in the entire insulated box 9 to keep the insulated box 9 at a stable room temperature. State (about 25 degrees), simulate the normal melting process of snowfall, so that the snowfall can be melted and collected in time. The heating device 4 is in the shape of a cuboid, with a metal tubular electric heating element as the main body and a stainless steel outer cover.

The solar power supply device includes a solar panel 6, a solar controller 7 and a storage battery. The relationship between the three is: under the system control of the solar controller 7, the electric energy obtained by converting the solar radiation energy by the solar panel is sent to the storage battery for storage and released when needed. During the day, the solar energy is collected and converted into electric energy for storage, which will be used for the power consumption of equipment in the subsequent snow collection process, which embodies the scientific concept of green environmental protection, and is also very convenient and fast. The solar panel 6 is in the shape of a cuboid, with an external dimension of 980*795*35mm and a power of 100wp; the solar controller 7 is a 12V10A photovoltaic controller in a cuboid shape; the battery 4 is 12V/60AH.

The specific working conditions and implementation steps of this device are as follows:

About three days before the date of predicting snowfall, open the heating device 4 of insulation box 9 in advance, make whole device keep room temperature. When it starts to snow, the dustproof cover 5 is opened. The snow falls on the triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1. Since the box body 9 is at room temperature as a whole, the falling snow starts to melt, and flows down the inclined triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1, and enters the melting snow storage container 2 through the water inlet pipe 10. Sampling starts. The programmable timing dial 3 starts to rotate with a fixed rotation angle e and a time interval T (the experimenter can program and set according to needs) by setting. When sampling starts, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe 10 is located directly above the center of the snowmelt storage container 2, and the melted snow enters the snowmelt storage container 2. After time T, the timing turntable 3 rotates automatically so that the next snowmelt storage container 2 is located directly below the water inlet pipe 10 to continue collecting snowmelt, and then rotates to the next position after time T, until the end of snowfall or 12 snowmelt storage containers 2 Both were equipped with snowmelt, and sampling was stopped.

Simulation example:

When the weather forecast will have snowfall on December 10, the heating device 4 will be started around December 8 to keep the whole device at room temperature. When it starts to snow, the dust cover 5 is opened. The snow falls on the triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1. Since the box body 9 is at room temperature as a whole, the falling snow starts to melt, and flows down the inclined triangular prism-shaped glass tank 1, and enters the melting snow storage container 2 through the water inlet pipe 10. Sampling starts.

When the amount of snowmelt W collected in each period needs to be greater than 30ml, since the receiving area (that is, the total projected area of the glass plate) S is 2*(60*cos20°*40*cos20°)=4239cm2, and the snowfall Q in Beijing is average It is (1.0—6.0) mm/12h, and T=W/(T*Q), the maximum capacity of the sample taken is Wm=250ml, so the time T should be controlled at 0.8—1.2h, so T=1h is selected, and placed at 12 A snowmelt storage container 2 is on a timing turntable 3 . When setting the timing, the turntable 3 rotates at a fixed rotation angle e=30° and a time interval T=1h. When sampling starts, the water outlet of the water inlet pipe 10 is located directly above the center of the snowmelt storage container 2, and the melted snow enters the snowmelt storage container 2. After time T=1h, the timing turntable 3 rotates automatically, so that the next snowmelt storage container 2 is located directly below the water inlet pipe 10 to continue collecting snowmelt, and then rotates to the next position after time T, until the end of snowfall or 12 snowmelt storage Both containers 2 were filled with melted snow and sampling was stopped. The 12 samples collected were followed up for testing.

Claims (3)

1. A wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without an external power supply, characterized in that: it is composed of an insulated box, a snowfall receiving structure, a snowmelt storage structure, a heating device and a solar power supply device; the snowfall receiving structure, snowmelt storage The structure and heating device are located inside the thermal insulation box; the snowfall receiving structure is fixed on the top of the right side of the thermal insulation box, the snow melting storage structure is located at the bottom of the left box, and the heating device is located at the right corner, powered by solar energy The equipment is located on the right side of the outside of the insulation box and is connected by cables; The heat preservation box is in the shape of a spliced body of two rectangular parallelepipeds with a stepped size, and all sides of the box are made of stainless steel materials combined with XPS extruded boards to achieve the effect of heat preservation inside the box and stable installation; the box body The upper part has an openable upper cover, that is, a dust cover, which is fixed to the lower part of the box by buckles. The left side is used to place and take out the snowmelt storage container, and the right side is used to prevent pollution of the snowfall receiving structure around the non-snowfall period; The snowfall receiving structure includes a triangular prism-shaped glass tank and its square support column; the top of the square support column is in contact with the triangular prism-shaped glass tank, and the bottom end of the square support column is in contact with the bottom surface of the insulation box; the triangular prism-shaped glass tank It is spliced by two glass plates with an included angle of 140 degrees, and is fixed in a box with square support columns of different heights at an angle of 20 degrees to the horizontal plane, and the central axis is parallel to the vertical plane; when snow falls When the upper dust-proof cover is opened during the process, the snow samples can fall onto the glass plate of the triangular prism-shaped glass tank, and after melting, flow down the inclined angle of the triangular-prism-shaped glass tank to the water inlet pipe and the snowmelt storage container; The snowmelt storage structure is composed of a water inlet pipe, a timing turntable, a snowmelt storage container and a drain pipe; the timing turntable is located in the center of the small box on the left side, and is provided with an operation to rotate at a predetermined angle at regular intervals. The circular groove where the snowmelt storage container is placed; the water inlet section of the water inlet pipe is fixed at the bottom outlet of the triangular prism-shaped glass tank, and the other end is located above the center of the rightmost snowmelt storage container. The glass tank enters the snowmelt storage container; the snowmelt storage container is a polyethylene bottle, which collects and stores the snowmelt at the same time as the timing turntable rotates; the drain pipe is set on the panel below the timing turntable and extends out of the insulation box, and when the storage warning value is exceeded In the case of excessive snowmelt, discharge the excess snow; The heating device is located at the right corner of the thermal insulation box and is separated from the snowfall receiving structure, and is used to heat the air in the entire thermal insulation box to keep the thermal insulation box at a stable room temperature, simulating the normal melting of snowfall process, so that the snow can be melted and collected in time; the heating device is in the shape of a cuboid, with a metal tubular electric heating element as the main body and a stainless steel outer cover; The solar power supply equipment includes a solar panel, a solar controller and a storage battery; under the system control of the solar controller, the electric energy obtained by converting the solar radiation energy from the solar panel is sent to the storage battery for storage and released when needed ; During the day, the solar energy is collected and converted into electric energy for storage, which will be used for the power consumption of equipment during the snowfall collection process; the solar panel is in the shape of a cuboid, with an overall size of 980*795*35mm and a power of 100wp; the solar controller is 12V10A The photovoltaic controller is in the shape of a cuboid; the specification of the battery is 12V/60AH. 2. A wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without external power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the square support columns is 6. 3. A wheel-type timing and quantitative snowfall sample collection device without external power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer dimensions of the glass plate are 40*60cm*4mm.

Images