CN103673389A - Cold and hot co-providing system based on heat machine - Google Patents
Cold and hot co-providing system based on heat machine Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 71
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于热机的冷热联供系统,包括热机、发电机组、余热回收换热器、工况切换阀、热水换热器、吸收式制冷机组、HVAC设备;热机的轴功输出端与发电机组相连接,发电机组的电力输出端与HVAC设备的输入端相连接;热机的余热输出端与余热回收换热器相连接,余热回收换热器与工况切换阀的一端相连接;工况切换阀的另一端选择性地与吸收式制冷机组和热水换热器中的一个相连接;吸收式制冷机组和HVAC设备与用户相连接,用于满足用户的冷负荷;热水换热器和HVAC设备与用户相连接,用于满足用户的热负荷。本发明的系统能量输出完全面向热负荷和冷负荷,不涉及电负荷,因而可以更简单有效地实现系统的控制和运行。
The invention discloses a combined cooling and heating system based on a heat engine, which includes a heat engine, a generator set, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a working condition switching valve, a hot water heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration unit, and HVAC equipment; the shaft work of the heat engine The output end is connected to the generator set, and the power output end of the generator set is connected to the input end of the HVAC equipment; the waste heat output end of the heat engine is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger is connected to one end of the working condition switching valve. Connection; the other end of the working condition switching valve is selectively connected to one of the absorption refrigeration unit and the hot water heat exchanger; the absorption refrigeration unit and HVAC equipment are connected to the user to meet the cooling load of the user; Water heat exchangers and HVAC equipment are connected to users to meet the heat load of users. The energy output of the system of the present invention is completely oriented to heating loads and cooling loads, and does not involve electric loads, so that the control and operation of the system can be realized more simply and effectively.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑供能领域,尤其涉及一种基于热机的冷热联供系统。The invention relates to the field of building energy supply, in particular to a combined cooling and heating system based on a heat engine.
背景技术Background technique
在发达国家,50%的建筑能耗来源于暖通空调设备。随着我国城镇化率的快速推进和居民生活水平的提高,建筑耗能也在明显提升。尤其是在冬季和夏季,建筑供暖和供冷带来了巨大的能耗,一方面引起了区域性供电的季节性波动,为电厂生产和电网调度增添了压力,另一方面增加了煤炭消耗,引起环境污染。另外,近些年我国各地电荒以及拉匣限电时有发生,其中一个重要的因素就是冬季或夏季用电负荷较高。如果能够将冬季以及夏季的空调负荷从电网分离,则能有效地缓解电力需求的季节性波动、减少燃煤电厂的污染。In developed countries, 50% of building energy consumption comes from HVAC equipment. With the rapid advancement of my country's urbanization rate and the improvement of residents' living standards, building energy consumption has also increased significantly. Especially in winter and summer, building heating and cooling brings huge energy consumption. On the one hand, it causes seasonal fluctuations in regional power supply, which adds pressure to power plant production and grid scheduling. On the other hand, it increases coal consumption. cause environmental pollution. In addition, in recent years, electricity shortages and blackouts have occurred in various parts of our country. One of the important factors is the high electricity load in winter or summer. If the winter and summer air-conditioning loads can be separated from the grid, it can effectively alleviate seasonal fluctuations in electricity demand and reduce pollution from coal-fired power plants.
将空调负荷从电网分离的有效思路是推广分布式供能。其中以基于燃气内燃机的联产系统应用最广、技术最为成熟。一般分布式供能都是基于天然气等相对洁净的燃料。通过分布式供能来解决区域用户的供能问题,可以缓解电网压力,减少煤炭消耗。通过对现有专利技术进行检索,发现有两类技术能够实现将空调负荷从电网分离。An effective way to separate air-conditioning loads from the grid is to promote distributed energy supply. Among them, the cogeneration system based on gas internal combustion engine is the most widely used and the most mature technology. Generally, distributed energy supply is based on relatively clean fuels such as natural gas. Solving the energy supply problem of regional users through distributed energy supply can relieve the pressure on the power grid and reduce coal consumption. By searching the existing patented technologies, it is found that there are two types of technologies that can separate the air-conditioning load from the power grid.
申请号为CN201120012538.6的中国发明专利申请公开了一种小型内燃机冷热电联供模块化集成系统为代表的冷热电联供系统。该类冷热电联供系统至少包括热机、余热回收换热器、溴化锂吸收机。一般思路是热机的余热被回收后,用以在夏季驱动吸收式制冷热备或者在冬季直接供暖;热机产生的功用以驱动发电机发电,用以满足用户电力需求。该类系统效率高、功能全,但其高效性需要通过优化集成和优化运行予以保障。而电负荷和热(冷)负荷往往各自具有一定波动性,这使得系统在实现热电两全方面面临着比较复杂的优化控制问题。并且,冷热电联产系统的发电效率并不高,系统整体的高效性在于有效地回收利用了系统余热。在过渡季节,当用户没有热(冷)需求时,冷热电联产系统的运行将失去经济性和节能性。The Chinese invention patent application with the application number CN201120012538.6 discloses a combined cooling, heating and power system represented by a small internal combustion engine combined cooling, heating and power modularized integrated system. This type of combined cooling, heating and power system includes at least a heat engine, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and a lithium bromide absorption machine. The general idea is that after the waste heat of the heat engine is recovered, it is used to drive the absorption cooling hot backup in summer or direct heating in winter; the function generated by the heat engine is used to drive the generator to generate electricity to meet the power demand of users. This type of system has high efficiency and complete functions, but its high efficiency needs to be guaranteed through optimized integration and optimized operation. However, the electrical load and heat (cooling) load often have certain fluctuations respectively, which makes the system face more complex optimization control problems in realizing both heat and electricity. Moreover, the power generation efficiency of the combined cooling, heating and power system is not high, and the overall efficiency of the system lies in the effective recovery and utilization of system waste heat. In the transition season, when users have no heat (cold) demand, the operation of the combined cooling, heating and power system will lose its economy and energy saving.
申请号为CN200610155965.3的中国发明专利申请公开了一种燃气热泵空调装置及其运行控制方法为代表的燃气空调热泵系统。该类系统至少包括燃气发动机、压缩机等设备,其一般特征是燃气发动机做功直接驱动压缩机运转,实现热泵工质的压缩循环。这类系统消耗燃料,完全只输出热量和冷量。发动机余热也可以同时回收加以利用以提高系统效率。但此种系统的压缩机直接由发动机驱动,与现有的电驱动HVAC设备不兼容,在应用推广时必须撤掉建筑原有的HVAC系统。这使得此种技术在优势不太明显的情况下难以得到推广。The Chinese invention patent application with the application number CN200610155965.3 discloses a gas-fired air-conditioning heat pump system represented by a gas-fired heat-pump air-conditioning device and an operation control method thereof. This type of system includes at least a gas engine, a compressor and other equipment, and its general feature is that the gas engine directly drives the compressor to run to realize the compression cycle of the heat pump working medium. These systems consume fuel and output only heat and cooling. Engine waste heat can also be recovered and used at the same time to improve system efficiency. However, the compressor of this system is directly driven by the engine, which is incompatible with the existing electric-driven HVAC equipment, and the original HVAC system of the building must be removed during application and promotion. This makes it difficult to promote this technology in situations where the advantages are not obvious.
另外,传统建筑联供系统主要是热电联供或者冷热电联供,其旨在满足用户的电力需求和热量(冷量)需求;但因为电力负荷和热(冷)负荷往往不是同步变化的,致使系统实际运行中的控制问题复杂化。In addition, traditional building cogeneration systems are mainly cogeneration of heat and power or cogeneration of cooling, heating and power, which are designed to meet the power demand and heat (cooling) demand of users; but because the power load and heat (cooling) load are often not changed synchronously , which complicates the control problem in the actual operation of the system.
因此,本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种基于热机的以冷量输出和热量输出为目的的冷热联供系统,系统的能量输出仅仅面向用户的热量或冷量需求,系统简单、兼容性高。Therefore, those skilled in the art are committed to developing a combined cooling and heating system based on a heat engine for the purpose of cooling and heat output. The energy output of the system is only for the heat or cooling demand of the user. The system is simple and compatible high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于热机的以冷量输出和热量输出为目的的冷热联供系统,能够在简化系统控制的同时,更具针对性地解决季节性空调负荷对电网造成的负担,减少燃煤电厂的污染。In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a combined cooling and heating system based on a heat engine for the purpose of cooling output and heat output, which can simplify system control and be more targeted It can solve the burden on the power grid caused by seasonal air-conditioning load and reduce the pollution of coal-fired power plants.
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种基于热机的冷热联供系统,包括热机、发电机组、余热回收换热器、工况切换阀、热水换热器、吸收式制冷机组、HVAC设备;热机的轴功输出端与发电机组相连接,发电机组的电力输出端与HVAC设备的输入端相连接;热机的余热输出端与余热回收换热器相连接,余热回收换热器与工况切换阀的一端相连接;工况切换阀的另一端选择性地与吸收式制冷机组和热水换热器中的一个相连接;吸收式制冷机组和HVAC设备与用户相连接,用于满足用户的冷负荷;热水换热器和HVAC设备与用户相连接,用于满足用户的热负荷。To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a heat engine-based combined cooling and heating system, including a heat engine, a generator set, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a working condition switching valve, a hot water heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration unit, and HVAC equipment ;The shaft work output end of the heat engine is connected to the generator set, and the power output end of the generator set is connected to the input end of the HVAC equipment; the waste heat output end of the heat engine is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger is connected to the working condition One end of the switching valve is connected; the other end of the working condition switching valve is selectively connected with one of the absorption refrigeration unit and the hot water heat exchanger; the absorption refrigeration unit and the HVAC equipment are connected with the user to meet the needs of the user. The cooling load of the user; the hot water heat exchanger and HVAC equipment are connected with the user to meet the heating load of the user.
其中,HVAC(Heating,Ventilation,Air-conditioning and Cooling)是指空气调节系统,是包含温度、湿度、空气清净度以及空气循环的控制系统。Among them, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning and Cooling) refers to the air conditioning system, which is a control system including temperature, humidity, air cleanliness and air circulation.
其中,轴功是指系统通过机器轴与外界传递的功。Among them, shaft work refers to the work transmitted by the system through the machine shaft and the outside world.
进一步地,工况切换阀为三通阀,工况切换阀的第一端口与余热回收换热器相连接,工况切换阀的第二端口与吸收式制冷机组相连接,工况切换阀的第三端口与热水换热器相连接。Further, the working condition switching valve is a three-way valve, the first port of the working condition switching valve is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the second port of the working condition switching valve is connected to the absorption refrigeration unit, and the working condition switching valve’s The third port is connected with the hot water heat exchanger.
进一步地,热机是燃气内燃机、燃气轮机、微型燃气轮机或斯特林机中的任一种。Further, the heat engine is any one of a gas internal combustion engine, a gas turbine, a micro gas turbine or a Stirling machine.
进一步地,HVAC设备是暖通制冷空调、通风除湿设备或电驱动热泵中的任一种,HVAC设备用于选择性地实现冷量输出或热量输出。Further, the HVAC equipment is any one of HVAC, ventilation and dehumidification equipment, or an electrically driven heat pump, and the HVAC equipment is used to selectively realize cooling output or heat output.
可选地,HVAC设备是暖通制冷空调、通风除湿设备和电驱动热泵中的任意两个的组合,或者三个的组合,HVAC设备用于选择性地实现冷量输出或热量输出。Optionally, the HVAC equipment is a combination of any two or three of HVAC, ventilation and dehumidification equipment, and an electrically driven heat pump, and the HVAC equipment is used to selectively realize cooling output or heat output.
进一步地,冷负荷由HVAC设备的冷量输出和吸收式制冷机组的冷量输出同时满足,系统的能量输出路径包括:燃料能量输入→轴功输出→电力输出→HVAC设备的冷量输出→总冷量输出,以及燃料能量输入→余热输出→热水输出→吸收式制冷机组的热源→吸收式制冷机组的冷量输出→总冷量输出。Furthermore, the cooling load is satisfied by the cooling output of the HVAC equipment and the cooling output of the absorption refrigeration unit at the same time, and the energy output path of the system includes: fuel energy input→shaft work output→electricity output→cooling output of the HVAC equipment→total Cooling output, and fuel energy input→waste heat output→hot water output→heat source of absorption refrigeration unit→cooling output of absorption refrigeration unit→total cooling output.
进一步地,热负荷由HVAC设备的热量输出和热水换热器的热量输出同时满足,系统的能量输出路径包括:燃料能量输入→轴功输出→电力输出→HVAC设备的热量输出→总热量输出,以及燃料能量输入→余热输出→热水输出→热水换热器的热源→热水换热器的热量输出→总热量输出。Furthermore, the heat load is satisfied by both the heat output of the HVAC equipment and the heat output of the hot water heat exchanger, and the energy output path of the system includes: fuel energy input→shaft work output→electricity output→heat output of HVAC equipment→total heat output , and fuel energy input→waste heat output→hot water output→heat source of hot water heat exchanger→heat output of hot water heat exchanger→total heat output.
进一步地,系统的能量输出大小由热机的部分负荷率调节实现。Further, the energy output of the system is realized by adjusting the partial load rate of the heat engine.
进一步地,HVAC设备的输入端还与市电电能相连接。Further, the input end of the HVAC equipment is also connected to the mains power.
进一步地,市电电能为HVAC设备供电,冷负荷由HVAC设备的冷量输出满足,系统的能量输出路径为:市电电能→HVAC设备的冷量输出→总冷量输出。Furthermore, the mains power supplies power to HVAC equipment, and the cooling load is satisfied by the cooling output of HVAC equipment. The energy output path of the system is: mains power→cooling output of HVAC equipment→total cooling output.
进一步地,市电电能为HVAC设备供电,热负荷由HVAC设备的热量输出满足,系统的能量输出路径为:市电电能→HVAC设备的热量输出→总热量输出。Furthermore, the mains power supplies power to HVAC equipment, and the heat load is satisfied by the heat output of HVAC equipment. The energy output path of the system is: mains power→heat output of HVAC equipment→total heat output.
由此可见,本发明具有如下技术效果:This shows that the present invention has following technical effect:
1、本发明的系统能量输出完全面向热负荷和冷负荷,不涉及电负荷,因而可以更简单有效地实现系统的控制和运行。一般来说,传统的冷热电系统运行时,需要同时兼顾热(冷)输出和电输出,系统能量输出大小不仅取决于热机的部分负荷率,也取决于其它的一些变量,实际运行和调节中比较复杂;而本发明的冷热联供系统在运行时,只单一提供热输出或冷输出,热输出或冷输出大小与热机的部分负荷率存在一一对应关系,因此便于直接操作和调节。1. The energy output of the system of the present invention is completely oriented to heating and cooling loads, and does not involve electrical loads, so the control and operation of the system can be realized more simply and effectively. Generally speaking, when the traditional cooling and heating power system is running, it is necessary to take into account both heat (cold) output and electrical output. The energy output of the system depends not only on the partial load rate of the heat engine, but also on some other variables. It is relatively complicated; while the combined cooling and heating system of the present invention only provides heat output or cold output during operation, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the heat output or cold output and the partial load rate of the heat engine, so it is convenient for direct operation and adjustment .
2、空调负荷是建筑能耗季节性波动的最主要因素,而其它建筑设备的电负荷基本无季节性波动,本发明将用户的空调负荷从电网分离有利于电网的各季节负荷均匀化,有利于降低发电站及输电系统的配置容量,使电厂设备利用率提高。2. The air-conditioning load is the most important factor for the seasonal fluctuations of building energy consumption, while the electrical loads of other construction equipment basically have no seasonal fluctuations. The separation of the user's air-conditioning load from the power grid in the present invention is beneficial to the uniformity of the seasonal load of the power grid. It is beneficial to reduce the allocation capacity of power stations and transmission systems, and improve the utilization rate of power plant equipment.
3、本发明采用普通的HVAC设备,只需在建筑原有的HVAC系统基础上添加热机发电机组和余热回收设备,就能完成系统改造而不对原来系统造成影响。更重要的是,改造后的系统仍可以随时切换到市电电能连接,获取所需的市电电能,用于所述热机或其它设备出现故障等不能正常运转时,HVAC设备从电网获取所需要的市电电能,提供用户的热负荷和冷负荷。因此,本发明所提出的系统模式相较于燃气热泵空调系统而言,更易于推广应用,更加安全可靠。3. The present invention adopts ordinary HVAC equipment, and only needs to add heat engine generator sets and waste heat recovery equipment on the basis of the original HVAC system of the building, so as to complete the system transformation without affecting the original system. More importantly, the system after transformation can still be switched to the mains power connection at any time to obtain the required mains power, which is used for HVAC equipment to obtain the required power from the power grid when the heat engine or other equipment fails to operate normally. The mains electric energy provides users with heating and cooling loads. Therefore, compared with the gas heat pump air-conditioning system, the system mode proposed by the present invention is easier to popularize and apply, and is safer and more reliable.
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。The idea, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的基于热机的冷热联供系统的一个实施例的原理图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the heat engine-based combined cooling and heating system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示,在本发明的一个实施例中,一种基于热机的冷热联供系统,包括热机、发电机组、余热回收换热器、工况切换阀、热水换热器、吸收式制冷机组、HVAC设备等。As shown in Figure 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, a heat engine-based combined cooling and heating system includes a heat engine, a generator set, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a working condition switching valve, a hot water heat exchanger, an absorption Refrigeration units, HVAC equipment, etc.
热机优选为燃气内燃机。燃气内燃机的输入端与燃料能量输入1相连接,燃气内燃机的轴功输出端2与发电机组相连接,发电机组的电力输出7与HVAC设备的输入端相连接。燃气内燃机的缸套水循环和烟气管路分别与余热回收换热器的低温段和高温段相连,缸套水余热和烟气余热形成燃气内燃机的余热输出3。燃气内燃机的余热输出3与余热回收换热器的一端相连接,将产生的余热输出到余热回收换热器。其中,余热回收换热器泛指将热机的各种余热予以回收的换热器系统。The heat engine is preferably a gas internal combustion engine. The input end of the gas internal combustion engine is connected to the
余热回收换热器的另一端与工况切换阀的一端相连接;工况切换阀的另一端选择性地与吸收式制冷机组和热水换热器中的一个相连接。优选地,工况切换阀为三通阀,工况切换阀的第一端口与余热回收换热器相连接,工况切换阀的第二端口与吸收式制冷机组相连接,工况切换阀的第三端口与热水换热器相连接。The other end of the waste heat recovery heat exchanger is connected with one end of the working condition switching valve; the other end of the working condition switching valve is selectively connected with one of the absorption refrigeration unit and the hot water heat exchanger. Preferably, the working condition switching valve is a three-way valve, the first port of the working condition switching valve is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the second port of the working condition switching valve is connected to the absorption refrigeration unit, and the working condition switching valve’s The third port is connected with the hot water heat exchanger.
吸收式制冷机组和HVAC设备与用户相连接,用于满足用户的冷负荷;热水换热器和HVAC设备与用户相连接,用于满足用户的热负荷。The absorption refrigerating unit and HVAC equipment are connected with the user to meet the cooling load of the user; the hot water heat exchanger and the HVAC equipment are connected with the user to meet the heat load of the user.
可选地,热机还可以为燃气轮机、微型燃气轮机或斯特林机中的任一种。Optionally, the heat engine can also be any one of a gas turbine, a micro gas turbine or a Stirling machine.
HVAC(Heating,Ventilation,Air-conditioning and Cooling)是指空气调节系统,是包含温度、湿度、空气清净度以及空气循环的控制系统。本实施例中,HVAC设备是暖通制冷空调、通风除湿设备或电驱动热泵中的任一种,用于选择性地实现冷量输出或热量输出。HVAC设备也可以是暖通制冷空调、通风除湿设备和电驱动热泵中的任意两个的组合,或者三个的组合,用于选择性地实现冷量输出或热量输出。HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning and Cooling) refers to the air conditioning system, which is a control system including temperature, humidity, air cleanliness and air circulation. In this embodiment, the HVAC equipment is any one of HVAC, ventilation and dehumidification equipment, or an electrically driven heat pump, and is used to selectively realize cooling output or heat output. The HVAC equipment may also be a combination of any two or three of HVAC, ventilation and dehumidification equipment, and electrically driven heat pumps, for selectively realizing cooling output or heat output.
本实施例的冷热联供系统运行时,燃料能量输入1被热机利用,产生轴功输出2和余热输出3。轴功输出2用于驱动发电机,产生电力输出7,电力输出7全部用于驱动HVAC设备。HVAC设备在冬季时输出热量供给空调末端用于采暖,HVAC设备在夏季时输出冷量供给空调末端用于供冷。余热输出3被余热回收换热器回收,产生热水输出4,热水输出4的温度可以达到95℃,但热水输出4所在的水路只参与换热而不直接供给用户,热水输出4的水路是一个流经余热回收换热器、工况切换阀、吸收式制冷机组和热水换热器的闭式循环水路,热水输出4受工况切换阀控制;在冬季时热水输出4被切换成热水换热器的热源5,热水换热器吸收的热量产生热水换热器的热水输出8全部输出供给空调末端用于采暖;在夏季时热水输出4被切换成吸收式制冷机组的热源6,吸收式制冷机组消耗所有热量并产生吸收式制冷机组的冷量输出9供给空调末端用于供冷。When the combined cooling and heating system of this embodiment is running,
换言之,本实施例的系统运行模式可分为夏季模式和冬季模式。具体为:In other words, the system operation modes of this embodiment can be divided into summer mode and winter mode. Specifically:
夏季模式:冷负荷由HVAC设备的冷量输出10和吸收式制冷机组的冷量输出9同时满足,系统的能量输出路径包括:燃料能量输入1→轴功输出2→电力输出7→HVAC设备的冷量输出10→总冷量输出13,以及燃料能量输入1→余热输出3→热水输出4→吸收式制冷机组的热源6→吸收式制冷机组的冷量输出9→总冷量输出13。Summer mode: the cooling load is satisfied by the
冬季模式:热负荷由HVAC设备的热量输出和热水换热器的热量输出同时满足,系统的能量输出路径包括:燃料能量输入1→轴功输出2→电力输出7→HVAC设备的热量输出11→总热量输出12,以及燃料能量输入1→余热输出3→热水输出4→热水换热器的热源5→热水换热器的热量输出8→总热量输出12。Winter mode: The heat load is satisfied by the heat output of the HVAC equipment and the heat output of the hot water heat exchanger at the same time. The energy output path of the system includes:
进一步,系统的能量输出大小由热机的部分负荷率调节实现。Further, the energy output of the system is realized by adjusting the partial load rate of the heat engine.
此外,本实施例中,HVAC设备的输入端还与市电电能相连接,用于提供在特殊时候保障系统的运行的备用模式。当热机或者其它设备不能正常运行时,可以通过市电直接给HVAC设备供电,提供用户的冷负荷和热负荷。其中,对于冷负荷,独立由HVAC设备的冷量输出10满足,系统的能量输出路径为:市电电能14→HVAC设备的冷量输出10→总冷量输出13。对于热负荷,独立由HVAC设备的热量输出11满足,系统的能量输出路径为:市电电能14→HVAC设备的热量输出11→总热量输出12。In addition, in this embodiment, the input end of the HVAC equipment is also connected to the mains power, which is used to provide a backup mode to ensure the operation of the system at special times. When the heat engine or other equipment cannot operate normally, it can directly supply power to the HVAC equipment through the mains to provide the cooling load and heating load of the user. Among them, for the cooling load, it is independently satisfied by the
由此可见,本发明的实施例提供了一种基于热机的冷热联供系统,系统的能量输出仅仅面向用户的热量或冷量需求。这种冷热联供系统比冷热电联供系统简单、比燃气热泵系统更灵活更加易于推广,不仅完全避免了传统冷热电联供系统所面临的控制难题,同时也具有良好的节能性、经济性,能够有效缓解市电负荷的季节性波动。It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention provides a combined cooling and heating system based on a heat engine, and the energy output of the system is only oriented to the heat or cooling demand of the user. This combined cooling and heating system is simpler than the combined cooling, heating and power system, more flexible and easier to promote than the gas heat pump system. It not only completely avoids the control problems faced by the traditional combined cooling, heating and power system, but also has good energy saving performance. , Economical, can effectively alleviate the seasonal fluctuations of the mains load.
此外,本实施例的系统能量输出完全面向热负荷和冷负荷,不涉及电负荷,因而可以更简单有效地实现系统的控制和运行。一般来说,传统的冷热电系统运行时,需要同时兼顾热(冷)输出和电输出,系统能量输出大小不仅取决于热机的部分负荷率,也取决于其它的一些变量,实际运行和调节中比较复杂;而本发明的冷热联供系统在运行时,只单一提供热输出或冷输出,热输出或冷输出大小与热机的部分负荷率存在一一对应关系,因此便于直接操作和调节。In addition, the energy output of the system in this embodiment is completely oriented to heating loads and cooling loads, and does not involve electrical loads, so the control and operation of the system can be realized more simply and effectively. Generally speaking, when the traditional cooling and heating power system is running, it is necessary to take into account both heat (cold) output and electrical output. The energy output of the system depends not only on the partial load rate of the heat engine, but also on some other variables. It is relatively complicated; while the combined cooling and heating system of the present invention only provides heat output or cold output during operation, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the heat output or cold output and the partial load rate of the heat engine, so it is convenient for direct operation and adjustment .
空调负荷是建筑能耗季节性波动的最主要因素,而其它建筑设备的电负荷基本无季节性波动,本实施例的冷热联供系统将用户的空调负荷从电网分离有利于电网的各季节负荷均匀化,有利于降低发电站及输电系统的配置容量,使电厂设备利用率提高。The air-conditioning load is the most important factor for seasonal fluctuations in building energy consumption, while the electrical loads of other building equipment basically have no seasonal fluctuations. The combined cooling and heating system of this embodiment separates the user's air-conditioning load from the grid, which is beneficial to the grid in each season. Load equalization is conducive to reducing the configuration capacity of power stations and transmission systems, and improving the utilization rate of power plant equipment.
本实施例采用普通的HVAC设备,只需在建筑原有的HVAC系统基础上添加热机、发电机组和余热回收设备,就能完成系统改造而不对原来系统造成影响。更重要的是,改造后的系统仍可以随时切换到市电连接,获取所需的市电。因此,本实施例提出的系统模式相较于燃气热泵空调系统而言,更易于推广应用,更加安全可靠。This embodiment adopts ordinary HVAC equipment, and only needs to add heat engines, generator sets and waste heat recovery equipment on the basis of the original HVAC system of the building to complete the system transformation without affecting the original system. More importantly, the transformed system can still switch to the mains connection at any time to obtain the required mains power. Therefore, compared with the gas heat pump air-conditioning system, the system mode proposed in this embodiment is easier to popularize and apply, and is safer and more reliable.
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
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