CN103670672B - A kind of turbosupercharger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbocharger, comprising a turbine casing (5), a turbine (7), a rotor shaft (6), a main body (2), a thrust bearing cover (4), a radial-thrust bearing (3), an impeller shell (1), impeller (9); the radial-thrust bearing (3) includes a radial metal-rubber block air bearing, a radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft and a thrust metal-rubber block air bearing, and the radial Both the metal rubber block air bearing and the thrust metal rubber block air bearing include a bearing metal rubber block, a bearing elastic foil and a bearing top layer foil. The invention is suitable for energy recovery of engine tail gas and engine air intake supercharging. Its advantage is that the use of air bearings eliminates the influence of turbocharger oil leakage on engine timing; due to the small resistance of air lubrication and high product speed, it is suitable for use in large displacement engines; since there is no rotor shaft surface and bearing inner surface Direct physical contact, long product life; at the same time, because the bearing medium of its bearing is air, its high temperature resistance is also outstanding.

Description

a turbocharger

technical field

The invention relates to a turbocharger, which mainly aims at improving the structure and design of the existing turbocharger bearing.

Background technique

As one of the main forms of convenient power at present, fuel engine technology is an important pillar industry for the development of the national economy. It is widely used in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, and standby power generation. The heat energy generated by fuel in the engine combustion chamber is only 25 % to 40% is converted into useful mechanical energy, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat and kinetic energy of combustion exhaust gas. It can be seen that the utilization of engine exhaust gas is an important way for the engine to improve power efficiency.

The exhaust gas discharged from the fuel engine has the characteristics of high temperature, high speed, and high pressure, which can drive the turbine to rotate and further drive the impeller to generate supercharging, which acts on the intake manifold of the fuel engine, improving the intake air volume and efficiency of the engine, and is beneficial to fuel consumption. Fully mixed combustion is beneficial to increase engine power and reduce fuel consumption.

At present, the bearings of turbochargers usually use rolling bearings and sliding bearings, which have the following problems: due to the use of lubricating oil, oil leakage is inevitable, resulting in oil leakage through the oil seal and contamination of the working surface of the intercooler problems; due to the existence of friction, the low rotor speed makes the efficiency low; and the bearing life is short due to the existence of wear.

Contents of the invention

In order to make the fuel engine more suitable for the harsh working environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and high speed of the existing turbocharger system, and to overcome the technical problems of oil leakage from the existing bearing, poor impact resistance, and efficiency bottlenecks, the present invention improves the performance of the turbocharger. The structure is improved, focusing on improving the bearings, using air bearings to replace the existing rolling bearings and sliding bearings, and supporting the rotor system through air bearings to achieve high speed, high efficiency, long life, high temperature resistance, and no lubricating oil. Its technical content is:

A turbocharger comprises a turbine shell, a turbine, a rotor shaft, a main body, a thrust bearing cover, a radial-thrust bearing, an impeller shell, and an impeller; the radial-thrust bearing includes a radial metal rubber block type air bearing . Radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft and thrust metal rubber block air bearing, characterized in that: both the radial metal rubber block air bearing and the thrust metal rubber block air bearing include a bearing metal rubber block, a bearing elastic Foil and bearing top foil.

A metal-rubber block air bearing, comprising a radial metal-rubber block air bearing, a radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft and a thrust metal-rubber block air bearing, the radial metal-rubber block air bearing and the thrust metal Rubber block air bearings all include bearing metal rubber blocks, bearing elastic foils and bearing top layer foils.

The radial metal rubber block type air bearing includes a plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks, radial bearing elastic foils and radial bearing top layer foils.

The plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve to form a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses between adjacent protrusions; the radial bearing elastic foil is fixedly connected on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve; the radial bearing top layer foil is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing elastic foil.

A plurality of grooves are uniformly processed at a certain interval on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve, and the plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks are installed in the plurality of grooves and form the plurality of protrusions. rise.

The thrust metal rubber block type air bearing includes a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks, a thrust bearing elastic foil, a thrust bearing top foil and a thrust bearing turntable.

The thrust bearing turntable has two front and rear surfaces, at least one of the two surfaces has a thrust bearing top layer foil, a thrust bearing elastic foil and a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks in sequence, and the thrust bearing top layer foil is fixedly connected to On one surface of the thrust bearing turntable, the thrust bearing elastic foil is fixedly connected to the thrust bearing top layer foil and forms a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses, and the plurality of metal rubber blocks are evenly spaced at certain intervals. ground is fixedly connected to the thrust bearing elastic foil.

The thrust bearing top layer foil, the thrust bearing elastic foil and the plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks are sequentially arranged on both surfaces of the thrust bearing turntable.

The radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft includes a thrust bearing turntable and a radial bearing barrel, and the thrust bearing turntable is fixedly connected to the radial bearing barrel.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the technical characteristics and advantages as follows: it is suitable for engine exhaust energy recovery and engine intake boosting, and it uses air bearings to prevent the influence of turbocharger oil leakage on engine timing; The lubricating resistance is small and the product speed is high, which is suitable for large displacement engines; because there is no direct physical contact between the surface of the rotor shaft and the inner surface of the bearing, the product has a long life; at the same time, because the bearing medium of the bearing is air, its high temperature resistance Performance is also outstanding.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a turbocharger using a metal rubber block type air bearing;

Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of the components of the radial metal rubber block air bearing;

Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a radial metal rubber block air bearing;

Fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of the components of the thrust metal rubber block air bearing;

Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of a thrust metal rubber block air bearing;

4A and 4B are structural schematic diagrams of the components of the radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of installation of the radial bearing in the radial-thrust bearing.

In the figure: 1. impeller shell; 2. main body; 3. radial-thrust bearing; 4. thrust bearing cover; 5. turbine shell; 6. rotor shaft; 7. turbine; 8. cooling channel; 9. impeller; 10. Radial bearing bearing sleeve; 11. Radial bearing metal rubber block; 12. Radial bearing elastic foil; 13. Radial bearing top layer foil; 14. Thrust bearing metal rubber block; 15. Thrust bearing elastic foil; 16 . Thrust bearing top foil; 17. Thrust bearing turntable; 18. Radial bearing turntable.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a turbocharger using air bearings. The turbocharger of the present invention includes a turbine casing 5 , a turbine 7 , a rotor shaft 6 , a main body 2 , a thrust bearing cover 4 , a radial-thrust bearing 3 , an impeller casing 1 , and an impeller 9 .

Among them, the impeller 9, the radial-thrust bearing 3, the thrust bearing cover 4 and the turbine 7 are sequentially set on the rotor shaft 6, the radial-thrust bearing 3 and the rotor shaft 6 are interference fit, the thrust bearing cover 4 and the diameter Fastened to the thrust bearing 3, the impeller 9 and the turbine 7 are respectively fastened to the two ends of the rotor shaft 6, and the impeller shell 1 and the turbine shell 5 are respectively fastened to the two ends of the main body 2. The above-mentioned fastened connection can be It is a bolt fastening connection method commonly used in the field. Thus, the turbine casing 5, the turbine 7, the rotor shaft 6 serve as the exhaust gas turbine drive part of the turbocharger for gas collection and gas introduction, the main body 2, the rotor shaft 6, the thrust bearing cover 4, the radial-thrust bearing 3 The main part of the turbocharger as a turbocharger turbocharges the gas introduced by the exhaust gas turbine driving part. The gas introduced into the main body of the device is further pressurized to facilitate subsequent use.

The radial-thrust bearing 3 of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 , which specifically adopts a metal-rubber block-type air bearing structure. Radial-thrust bearing 3 includes radial metal-rubber block air bearing, radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft and thrust metal-rubber block air bearing, wherein the radial metal-rubber block air bearing and thrust metal-rubber block air bearing are both Including bearing metal rubber block, bearing elastic foil and bearing top layer foil.

Specifically, Figures 2A and 2B show the radial metal rubber block air bearing of the present invention, which specifically includes a plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks 11, radial bearing elastic foils 12 and radial bearing top layer foils 13. The radial bearing sleeve 10 as the main body 2 has a cylindrical shape, and a plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks 11 have a certain length along the center line of the radial bearing sleeve 10 and are centered on the center line at a certain interval and uniformly It is arranged on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10 , so that a plurality of uniformly distributed protrusions and a plurality of recesses between adjacent protrusions are formed on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10 . The radial bearing elastic foil 12 is generally corrugated, and is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10 in a substantially cylindrical form so that the radial bearing elastic foil 12 can cover and contact multiple radial bearing metals. The convex surface formed by the rubber block 11, and the corrugated trough portions can contact the plurality of recesses. The radial bearing top layer foil 13 is also in the shape of a cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing elastic foil 12 . On the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10, the radial bearing metal rubber block 11 is evenly arranged, and the radial bearing elastic foil 12 and the radial bearing top layer foil 13 of the integral structure are used, and the air bearing formed thereby is relatively Existing air bearings, such as cantilever-type, flap-type, and curved-type air bearings, have better elastic shock absorption effects and thus reduce noise, higher radial and axial rotation accuracy, and greatly improved bearing capacity. Moreover, the rotation speed can be greatly increased to further improve the utilization rate of exhaust gas.

Preferably, the cross section of the radial bearing metal rubber block 11 is positive or rectangular.

Preferably, a plurality of grooves are evenly processed at a certain interval on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10, and a plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks 11 are embedded in the plurality of grooves and are connected with the grooves. The metal rubber block 11 of the radial bearing is an interference fit, and the dimension along the depth direction of the groove is larger than the depth dimension of the groove, thus forming a plurality of protrusions on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10 .

Preferably, the radial bearing elastic foil 12 is welded to the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve 10 , and the radial bearing top layer foil 13 is welded to the inner surface of the radial bearing elastic foil 12 .

3A and 3B show the thrust metal rubber block air bearing of the present invention, which specifically includes a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks 14 , a thrust bearing elastic foil 15 , a thrust bearing top layer foil 16 and a thrust bearing turntable 17 . The thrust bearing turntable 17 is disc-shaped and has two front and rear surfaces. At least one of the two surfaces has a thrust bearing top layer foil 16 , a thrust bearing elastic foil 15 and a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks 14 in sequence. Among them, the thrust bearing top layer foil 16 is fixedly connected to one surface of the thrust bearing turntable 17, and is evenly divided into a plurality of fan-shaped areas of the same size, and there is a certain gap between adjacent fan-shaped areas, which can ensure air flow. Some deformation of the flow and thrust bearing top foil 16. The thrust bearing elastic foil 15 is formed with multiple fan-shaped areas of the same size in a planar-convex manner, and the multiple fan-shaped areas are fixedly connected to the multiple fan-shaped areas of the thrust bearing top layer foil 16, thereby After the foil 16 on the top layer of the bearing is fixedly connected, a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses are formed on the surface thereof. A plurality of metal rubber blocks 14 are uniformly fixedly connected to the thrust bearing elastic foil 15 at a certain interval, and the arrangement of the plurality of metal rubber blocks 14 is set according to the multiple fan-shaped areas of the thrust bearing elastic foil 15. According to the The planar-protruding pattern of multiple fan-shaped areas covers each fan-shaped area, and each raised surface is fixedly connected with a metal rubber block 14 . Compared with the existing air bearings, the thrust air bearing thus formed has a better elastic shock absorption effect, thereby reducing noise, greatly improving the bearing capacity, and can greatly increase the rotation speed to further improve the utilization rate of exhaust gas.

Preferably, a thrust bearing top layer foil 16 , a thrust bearing elastic foil 15 and a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks 14 are sequentially arranged on both surfaces of the thrust bearing turntable 17 . Since the thrust disk part of the air bearing acts on both sides, it can bear axial thrust in both directions along the axial direction.

4A and 4B are structural schematic diagrams of components of the radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft. Specifically, it includes a thrust bearing rotating disk 17 and a radial bearing rotating cylinder 18, and the thrust bearing rotating disk 17 and the radial bearing rotating cylinder 18 are fixedly connected, preferably by welding. The center of the thrust bearing turntable 17 is provided with a through hole for the rotor shaft 6 to pass through, and the radial bearing barrel 18 is in the shape of a cylinder, so that the radial metal rubber block air bearing is sleeved on the radial bearing barrel 18 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of installation of the radial-thrust bearing 3 on the rotor shaft of the radial-thrust bearing, specifically showing the overall installation details of the metal-rubber block type radial-thrust bearing of the present invention.

Although the radial-thrust bearing 3 adopted in the present invention can solve the problem of turbine heat transfer through the rotor shaft, in order to dissipate heat better, it is more preferable to process a cooling channel 8 on the main body of the turbocharger. In this way, when cold air is introduced, it can reach the thrust bearing along the radial bearing to achieve overall heat dissipation.

Claims (8)

1. A turbocharger comprises a turbine casing (5), a turbine (7), a rotor shaft (6), a main body (2), a thrust bearing cover (4), a radial-thrust bearing (3), an impeller Shell (1), impeller (9); the radial-thrust bearing (3) includes a radial metal-rubber block air bearing, a radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft and a thrust metal-rubber block air bearing, characterized in that: Both the radial metal rubber block air bearing and the thrust metal rubber block air bearing include a bearing metal rubber block, a bearing elastic foil and a bearing top layer foil; The radial metal rubber block air bearing includes a plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks (11), radial bearing elastic foils (12) and radial bearing top layer foils (13); The plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks (11) are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve (10) to form a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses between adjacent protrusions; The bearing elastic foil (12) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve (10); the radial bearing top layer foil (13) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing elastic foil (12) surface. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of grooves are evenly processed at certain intervals on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve (10), and the plurality of diameters The bearing metal rubber block (11) is installed in the plurality of grooves and forms the plurality of protrusions. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thrust metal rubber block air bearing comprises a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks (14), thrust bearing elastic foils (15), thrust bearing Top foil (16) and thrust bearing turntable (17). 4. The turbocharger according to claim 3, characterized in that: the thrust bearing turntable (17) has two front and rear surfaces, at least one of the two surfaces has a thrust bearing top layer foil (16), A thrust bearing elastic foil (15) and a plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks (14), the thrust bearing top layer foil (16) is fixedly connected to one surface of the thrust bearing turntable (17), the thrust bearing The elastic foil (15) is fixedly connected to the thrust bearing top layer foil (16) and forms a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses, and the plurality of metal rubber blocks (14) are evenly fixedly connected to the thrust bearing at certain intervals. The thrust bearing elastic foil (15). 5. The turbocharger according to claim 4, characterized in that: the thrust bearing top layer foil (16), the thrust bearing elastic The foil (15) and the plurality of thrust bearing metal rubber blocks (14). 6. The turbocharger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft comprises a thrust bearing rotating disc (17) and a radial bearing rotating drum (18), The thrust bearing rotating disk (17) is fixedly connected with the radial bearing rotating cylinder (18). 7. The turbocharger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: there are cooling channels (8) on the main body (2). 8. A metal rubber block type air bearing, comprising a radial metal rubber block type air bearing, a radial-thrust bearing rotor shaft and a thrust metal rubber block type air bearing, characterized in that: the radial metal rubber block type air bearing Both the bearing and the thrust metal-rubber block air bearing include a bearing metal-rubber block, a bearing elastic foil and a bearing top-layer foil; The radial metal rubber block air bearing includes a plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks (11), radial bearing elastic foils (12) and radial bearing top layer foils (13); The plurality of radial bearing metal rubber blocks (11) are evenly arranged on the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve (10) to form a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of recesses between adjacent protrusions; The bearing elastic foil (12) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing sleeve (10); the radial bearing top layer foil (13) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the radial bearing elastic foil (12) surface.