CN103656681A - 一种用于治疗脓毒症急性肺损伤的小核酸药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了胆固醇修饰的HuR干扰siRNA在制备脓毒症急性肺损伤的治疗药物中的用途。本研究涉及到的HuR干扰siRNA是一种人工合成的,且胆固醇修饰过的小核酸药物,通过静脉给药发现该HuR siRNA能较丰富地分布于肺组织,并进入肺部细胞,抑制多种3’-UTR具有HuR结合位点的炎症因子mRNA,如TNFα的表达,促进TNFαmRNA的降解,从而抑制细菌脂多糖LPS诱导的急性肺损伤。该小核酸药物作用明显,对肺部炎症的缓解作用明显,适应于静脉、吸入或气道内给药,在目前急性肺损伤缺少相关有效核酸药物的前提下,是一种很有应用价值与前景的用以治疗急性肺损伤的小核酸药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学材料技术领域,涉及一种小分子RNA即HuR siRNA在制备脓毒症急性肺损伤或肺部炎症疾病的治疗药物中的用途。
背景技术
急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)是各种肺内外致病因素导致的以顽固性的低氧血症和呼吸窘迫为特征的全身炎症反应综合征。急性肺损伤常见的病因有脓毒症、创伤、休克等。脓毒症(sepsis)是其最多见的病因。
目前脓毒症急性肺损伤的主要发病机制包括以下几种,(1)细胞机制:参与炎症的主要细胞有中性粒细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、肺血管内皮细胞、肺泡上皮细胞、淋巴细胞等。Lea F等研究显示,中性粒细胞凋亡与脓毒症严重度成反比例关系。脓毒症时可激活肺泡巨噬细胞释放大量前炎症细胞因子。此外血管内皮细胞和/或上皮细胞损伤加速急性肺损伤的发展。在ALI时,活化的淋巴细胞数目和活化的强度都有增高,参与ALI的发展。(2)促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子机制:在脓毒症致急性肺损伤过程中,机体释放多种促炎症细胞因子和炎症介质,引起炎症反应。与此同时,机体也出现了各种抗炎症细胞因子,两者之间的平衡维持机体内环境稳定,若两者失衡,则出现失控性全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),研究显示全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的开始是脓毒症致急性肺损伤发病机制的一个关键环节,决定是否发生肺损伤,成为急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合征发病的基础。促炎细胞因子和炎症介质包括肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白介素(IL)21、IL26、IL28、磷脂酶A2、血小板激活因子(PAF)、一氧化氮(NO)等。其中,TNFα是导致脓毒症及其相关性AL I的重要的启动因子。(3)血凝和纤维蛋白溶解抑制:在正常情况下,全身循环和肺中凝血及纤维蛋白沉积得到控制,在严重脓毒症、ALI和ARDS的失控性炎症环境中,这些系统转向促凝和抗纤维蛋白溶解,炎症介质通过损害抗凝和纤维蛋白溶解来促进这些反应。反过来,凝血酶形成增加炎症反应和加重损伤。纤维蛋白沉积和随后刺激成纤维细胞聚集及胶原的分泌,导致肺间质纤维化。最近的研究表明抗凝剂对严重脓毒症致急性肺损伤的发展显示了积极效果。
虽然在临床上应用药物治疗ALI有一定的进展,但ALI发病的具体机制的认识还不全面。因此,对脓毒症致急性肺损伤的机制进行系统深入的研究,在脓毒症和AL I/ARDS的治疗上具有重要的意义(占利民等,安徽医药,脓毒症相关性急性肺损伤发病机制研究进展,2010)。
由于急性肺损伤病因病机复杂,病死率高,目前临床上尚无确切有效的控制病死率的药物。常用的治疗方法有机械通气、β2受体激动剂、抗炎抗氧化、抗凝溶栓、表面活性剂等。
目前有一些siRNA已被研究认为对ALI有治疗作用,这些siRNA作用的靶基因有HO-1、MIP-2、Fas ligand、angiogenic growth factor-2、discoidin-2、ENaC、Cavelin-1、C5A receptor等。这些研究均从实验上提供了有力的证据表明siRNA是治疗急性肺损伤很有前景的药物。但值得注意的是siRNA应用于临床仍面临许多挑战,例如如何确保siRNA的组织特异性并能被靶细胞有效地摄取。目前认为未修饰的siRNA经吸入或支气管注入能特异地作用于肺组织,而siRNA的使用量与其能否被靶细胞摄取及能否有效地阻断靶基因相关。另外,siRNA的使用时期也取决于疾病的病理状态。
HuR是一种常见的RNA结合蛋白,能结合于多种细胞因子的3’-UTR上富含AUUUA序列,从而稳定目标RNA或促进目标RNA的翻译。已经发现参与急性肺损伤的很多炎症因子如TNFα,COX-2mRNA的3’-UTR含有很多AUUUA序列,HuR能结合这些序列,从而稳定这些炎症因子表达促进炎症发展。到目前为止,并没有针对HuR设计siRNA用于脓毒症急性肺损伤治疗。根据该不足,本发明设计HuR的干扰siRNA,通过胆固醇修饰后增加肺部细胞对siRNA的摄取,尾静脉给药siRNA用于治疗急性肺损伤,结果表明胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA能显著缓解脓毒症急性肺损伤。表明胆固醇修饰后的HuR siRNA能用于缓解或治疗肺部急性肺损伤,对肺部炎症性疾病有很能好的治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA在制备急性肺损伤的治疗药物中的用途。
本发明为了实现上述目的,设计并筛选了一条HuR siRNA干扰序列,发现该序列能在体外抑制LPS或者其它致炎因子哇巴因(ouabain)诱导的肺上皮细胞炎症因子TNFα表达。且促进TNFαmRNA的降解。通过分子生物学研究手段发现,HuR作为一种RNA结合蛋白,能结合于TNFα3’-UTR富含AUUUA序列区稳定TNFαmRNA,相应地HuR siRNA能解除该稳定作用。为验证HuR siRNA的体内作用,本发明采用雾化吸入LPS方法建立急性肺损伤小鼠模型,将该HuR siRNA胆固醇修饰,并标记cy5进行体内示踪。尾静脉注射HuR siRNA,发现该小核酸药物不仅能大量分布于肺部组织,也能明显缓解LPS诱导的急性肺损伤,并在体内抑制炎症因子TNFα的释放。因此,针对HuR的炎症因子稳定功能,设计胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA是很有前景的治疗急性肺损伤的小核酸药物。
本发明公开发胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA在制备治疗脓毒症急性肺损伤药物中的应用,所述HuR siRNA序列为5’-AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU-3’(SEQ ID NO.1)。该HuRsiRNA为人工合成序列。
本发明中,该HuR siRNA通过胆固醇修饰增强其对细胞的侵入能力,也可以制备成相应病毒如腺病毒表达载体,通过静脉注射给药,或肺部给药如雾化吸入,气管内给药等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下的优势
(1)核酸药物相对于蛋白质药物具有免疫原性小,制作合成工艺相对简单,成本低廉等优点。
(2)制约核酸药物的很大因素在于给药系统的不足。无论是对miRNA还是siRNA小核酸药物,传统的给药方式是设计合适表达载体,并采用相应的转染试剂将该表达载体转入组织与细胞中,但实际上很多转染试剂具有毒性、转染细胞无选择性、构建的载体要在细胞内是否能表达、表达效率如何等等,这些都是限制核酸药物发挥作用的主要障碍。本发明针对上皮细胞丰富的胆固醇受体这一特点,将直接人工合成的siRNA进行胆固醇修饰后给药,结果表明这些siRNA能很好地富集于肺部部位,并进入细胞内发挥作用,因此在小核酸药物给药方式上是较好的创新。
(3)HuR是一种作用非常广泛的RNA结合蛋白质,能稳定多种炎症因子3’-UTR上富含AUUUA序列,从而稳定这些炎症因子或促进这些因子的表达。因此HuR是一个很有前景的炎症治疗靶蛋白。但是到目前为止,很少见到相关报道。本研究首次应用HuR siRNA进行急性肺损伤治疗,具有明显的开创性。
附图说明
图1HuR siRNA在肺上皮细胞A549中的干扰效果验证
图2A549细胞转染HuR干扰片段24小时后,对TNF-αmRNA降解的影响
图3TNF-α3’UTR及其变体示意图
图4TNF-α3’-UTR的T55变体能够代替全长3’-UTR发挥调节mRNA稳定性作用
图5致炎因子哇巴因能稳定TNF-α3’-UTR的T55变体的luciferase活性
图6TNF-α3’-UTR的T55变体中AUUUA序列突变示意图
图7完整的AUUUA序列是调节TNF mRNA稳定性的重要因素
图8HuR siRNA下调ouabain诱导的T55报告基因的表达,过表达HuR上调ouabain诱导的T55报告基因的表达。**p<0.01,***p<0.001,与对照组相比
图9胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA示意图
图10小鼠尾静脉注射Cy5标记的HuR siRNA,药物分布于肺部组织中
图11肺组织冰冻切片显示胆固醇修饰的siRNA进入细胞,scale bars:50μm
图12Western验证HuR siRNA干扰片段体内干扰效果
图13HuR siRNA给药LPS诱导急性小鼠肺损伤后,肺组织MPO活性
图14HuR siRNA给药LPS诱导急性小鼠肺损伤后,肺组织H&E染色结果
图15HuR siRNA给药LPS诱导急性小鼠肺损伤后,肺组织炎症因子表达结果,scalebar=100μm,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与对照组相比。
具体实施方式
实施例一:HuR siRNA去稳定TNF-αmRNA
为了确定HuR涉及对TNF-αmRNA稳定性的调控,我们针对HuR筛选、合成了多条siRNA,从中选择一条干扰效果最好的片段,为5’-AACAUUCAACGCUGUCGGUGAGU-3’(SEQ ID NO.27)。将这条siRNA采用lipofectamine2000转染至A549细胞,western blot验证蛋白质表达,发现该RNAi几乎完全抑制HuR的表达(图1)。在此情况下,研究HuR siRNA对TNF-αmRNA降解速率的影响,方法是逆转录PCR法,在HuR siRNA或对照siRNA转染的细胞内加入Act D(mRNA合成抑制剂),然后收集Act D处理后1,2小时细胞,提取总RNA,逆转录后进行PCR扩增,该实验结果表明干扰HuR后,TNF-αmRNA的半衰期明显缩短(图2)。表明HuR对TNF-αmRNA具有明显的稳定作用。
实施例二:HuR能结合TNF-αmRNA3’UTR起到稳定作用
TNF-α3’UTR在mRNA稳定性中起关键作用,本发明为了确定TNF-α3’UTR上最小敏感性反应元件,采用PCR与分子克隆方法构建人TNF3’-UTR全长和4个截短变体的luciferase报告质粒,分别命名为T789、T430、T360、T142和T55(图4)。其构建所涉及PCR引物如下:
将这些报告质粒与renillia质粒(Invitrogen公司购买)采用lipofectamine2000共转染至细胞后,测定luciferase活性,结果显示,TNF-α3’UTR全长(T789)具有很明显的去稳定作用,同时,T55能部分替代TNF-α3’UTR全长的去稳定作用(图4)。为进一步研究T55功能,我们将上述变体转染细胞后,接受致炎物质哇巴因刺激。使用哇巴因作为刺激物的原因在于我们前期工作中发现该物质是一种很强的致炎因子,能诱导急性肺损伤,且具有稳定多种炎症因子mRNA功能。通过测定样品的luciferase活性,结果表明哇巴因能稳定T55,表现为luciferase活性明显上调(图5)。
通过生物学信息学比对发现,9个AUUUA序列存在于TNF-α3’-UTR全长中,其中有7个成簇存在于T55区域(图6)。为了更精确知道哪些序列介导TNF-α3’-UTR的去稳定性效应,我们采用PCR与分子克隆方法构建了AUUUA序列突变的T55的不同变体(图6),分别命名为m1、m2、m3、m4、m5、m6、m7和FM。使用的PCR引物如下:
将这些变体与renillia质粒(Invitrogen公司购买)共同转染至细胞后,采用致炎因子100nM哇巴因予以刺激。通过测定哇巴因作用后luciferase活性,发现单个AUUUA的突变对哇巴因诱导的稳定作用影响不大,但是7个AUUUA motif序列同时突变,哇巴因的稳定效应就会消失殆尽(图7)。因此该结果表明相互重叠的AUUUA序列构成了完整的空间构象,有利于TNFαmRNA的稳定作用。
研究表明,HuR能结合于AUUUA序列。在本发明中,我们发现干扰HuR能明显抑制哇巴因对T55报告基因的激活作用,相反,构建HuR表达载体,并将之过表达于细胞后,HuR能够上调哇巴因对T55报告基因的激活作用,但是,无论是干扰还是过表达HuR都不影响FM报告基因的表达(图8)。因此,这些结果表明HuR能结合到TNF-α3’UTR,从而起到稳定mRNA的作用。
实施例三:体内knock-down HuR抑制急性肺损伤
3.1实验方法
3.1.1LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤建模
实验分为PBS阴性对照组和LPS处理组,PBS和LPS(500ug/ml)溶液通过超声雾化激发30min,使小鼠吸入,间隔1h后再次雾化30min处理,8h时处死小鼠,取肺组织,取一部分肺组织于4%中性多聚甲醛中固定并进行H&E染色,剩余部分组织匀浆进行MPO活性测定。3.1.2带有Cy5荧光的HuR siRNA片段体内检测
小鼠尾静脉注射Cy5标记的HuR siRNA,24小时后将肺组织取出,放置到荧光成像仪上,观察HuR siRNA在肺组织的分布。取出小块组织放置到支承器上,周边滴上包埋剂,速放于冷冻台上冰冻,并进行冰冻切片(尽量避光);将冷冻好的组织块,夹紧于切片机持承器上,启动粗进退键,转动旋钮,将组织修平;调好欲切的厚度,一般在5~10um之间;将组织切片放置到载玻片上,迅速加DAPI染核1-2min,用吸水纸吸干水分,滴上甘油,盖上盖玻片进行镜检。
3.2实验结果
为说明干扰HuR蛋白具有抗脓毒症急性肺损伤作用,本发明采用小鼠LPS诱导的急性肺损伤模型进行体内研究,同时为增强肺细胞对HuR siRNA的摄取,我们采用胆固醇修饰的HuRsiRNA。其依据在于肺部细胞表面含有较为丰富的胆固醇受体,能与胆固醇修饰的小核酸相互作用后,“内吞”进入细胞内,从而增强细胞对该siRNA的摄入。为了观测HuR siRNA是否能进入肺细胞内,该HuR siRNA还进行了Cy5标记(图10)。
小鼠提前24小时尾静脉注射经过胆固醇修饰的HuR干扰片段,对照组为scramble干扰片段,雾化吸入LPS诱导炎症,8小时后处死小鼠。小动物成像仪结果表明,尾静脉注射HuRsiRNA后,大量HuR siRNA干扰片段能够富集到肺组织(图11),冰冻切片、染色结果表明HuR siRNA能进入肺组织细胞(图12)。将肺组织取出,匀浆后进行western blot检测,发现肺组织内HuR表达被HuR siRNA明显抑制(图12),说明HuR siRNA发挥了体内干扰效果。进一步研究发现体内干扰HuR能够明显降低LPS诱发的急性肺损伤,表现为MPO活性明显下降(图13),H&E免疫组化结果表明HuR siRNA给药后,肺部间质增厚得到明显缓解,炎性细胞浸润减少,出血量也相应减少(图14)。另外,通过测定组织炎症因子水平,发现被LPS刺激上调的TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-1β和IL-6mRNA在HuR体内干扰的条件下都显著下调(图15)。这些通过表明,体内给药HuR siRNA通过抑制炎症因子表达缓解LPS诱导的急性肺损伤。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非用来限定本发明的实施范围,如果不脱离本发明的精神和范围,对本发明进行修改或者等同替换的,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求的保护范围当中。
Claims (2)
1.胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA在制备治疗脓毒症急性肺损伤药物中的应用,HuR siRNA序列如SEQ ID NO.27所示。根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于该HuR siRNA为人工合成序列。
2.一种用于治疗脓毒症急性肺损伤的小核酸药物,其特征在于,是胆固醇修饰的HuR siRNA,HuR siRNA序列如SEQ ID NO.27所示。
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