CN103651265A - Method for detecting coral larva calcification rate by means of microelectrodes - Google Patents
Method for detecting coral larva calcification rate by means of microelectrodes Download PDFInfo
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- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000242757 Anthozoa Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 63
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 31
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000242733 Acropora Species 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001581380 Manicina areolata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000028804 PERCHING syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000205499 Pocillopora damicornis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009571 larval growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微电极检测珊瑚幼体钙化速率的方法。它是先采集成体珊瑚，放入培养箱中，待珊瑚释放出浮浪幼虫，收集浮浪幼虫，让浮浪幼虫附着于附着物上，再将浮浪幼虫放入装有海水的微呼吸瓶中，进行T1/T2h光照/黑暗培养，同时不断的用氧气微电极测量海水的氧气变化和用pH微电极测量海水的pH值变化，并收集数据，以没有浮浪幼虫的海水按照同样处理的作为对照；另外测量光照培养前或黑暗培养前的初始碱度，所述的T1h和T2h是在0～12h范围内；根据氧气变化计算幼体的光合和呼吸作用，利用碳酸盐平衡体系模型CO2SYS计算光合和呼吸作用引起的pH变化，计算得到珊瑚幼体的光照钙化速率和黑暗钙化速率。The invention discloses a method for detecting the calcification rate of coral larvae by a microelectrode. It first collects adult corals and puts them in the incubator. After the corals release the floating larvae, collect the floating larvae, let the floating larvae attach to the attachment, and then put the floating larvae into a micro-breathing bottle filled with sea water for T1 /T2h light/dark culture, while constantly measuring the oxygen change of seawater with the oxygen microelectrode and the pH value change of the seawater with the pH microelectrode, and collecting data, using the seawater without plankton larvae as a control according to the same treatment; The initial alkalinity before light culture or dark culture, the T1h and T2h are in the range of 0 to 12h; the photosynthesis and respiration of the larvae are calculated according to the oxygen change, and the photosynthesis and respiration are calculated by using the carbonate balance system model CO2SYS The resulting pH changes were calculated to obtain the light calcification rate and dark calcification rate of coral larvae.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to coral calcification research field, be specifically related to a kind of method that microelectrode detects coral young calcification rate.
Background technology:
Coral reef and the relevant ecosystem have important ecological functions, and it provides the place of laying eggs, breed, perching and hide harmful animal for many marine organisms, have the important functions such as protection coastline and Ecological sightseeing tourism.Due to the pressure of climatic variation, socioeconomic development and mankind's activity, the coral cover of living reduces rapidly, and coral reef bio-diversity declines.If can successfully obtain its coral young and every physical signs of the coral young is effectively monitored, by contributing to identification to affect the principal element of coral larval growth, promote the recovery of coral reef ecologic system.
Due to the collection of the coral young, the difficulty of cultivating and detecting, the research of the coral young is also relatively less.The basic physiological parameter of the coral young, the method for mainly weighing by oven dry as calcification rate detects, and the young can be killed, and makes experiment there is no sustainability.For the coral young, also there is no the undamaged detection method of live body at present.Although the researcher of China has researched and analysed the developmental state (Li Yuan superfine 2007) of beauty Acropora egg mother cell, and with trickle sem observation to the lay eggs process (Huang Jieying etc. 2011) of process and larvae development of expansion rose coral and sturdy Acropora, the people such as Zhang Chenglong (2010) application buoyant force weighing method has been calculated the calcification rate method of adult coral, but the physical signs of the young is as photosynthesis and but nobody's research of calcification.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of can fast detecting, obtain data in real time, reduced the loss of sample size in operating process, the microelectrode that has improved detection efficiency detects the method for coral young calcification rate, simple, cheap, accurate and efficient feature that this method has.
Microelectrode of the present invention detects the method for coral young calcification rate, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, collection adult coral, put into incubator, treat that coral discharges Metamorphore, collect Metamorphore, allow Metamorphore be attached on attachment, then Metamorphore is put into micro-bottle respirator that seawater is housed, carry out T1/T2h illumination/dark culturing, simultaneously constantly with the oxygen that oxygen microelectrode is measured seawater, change and measure with pH microelectrode the pH value variation of seawater, and collect data, with the seawater that there is no a Metamorphore according to same processing in contrast; Initial basicity before measuring in addition illumination cultivation or before dark culturing, described T1h and T2h are within the scope of 0～12h, can select according to specific needs;
B, according to the photosynthetic and respiration of the oxygen change calculations young, utilizing carbonate eqrilibrium system model CO2SYS to calculate pH photosynthetic and that respiration causes changes, because the calcium ion of coral precipitation 1mol can discharge 2mol basicity, difference according to the hydrogen ion of actual measurement and oxygen concentration variation, can calculate calcification rate:
Specific formula for calculation:
Gross photosynthesis speed=(DO
lT0-DO
lT1h– DO
l contrasts variation)/T
Dark respiratory rate=(DO
dT0-DO
dT2h– DO
d contrasts variation)/T
DO
lT0the dissolved oxygen concentration before illumination cultivation, DO
lT1hthe dissolved oxygen concentration after illumination cultivation T1 hour, DO
l contrast changethat in control sample, (seawater that there is no the young) dissolved oxygen concentration of illumination cultivation T1 hour changes, DO
dT0the dissolved oxygen concentration before dark culturing, DO
dT2hthe dissolved oxygen concentration after dark culturing T2 hour, DO
d contrasts variationbe that in control sample, (seawater that there is no the young) dissolved oxygen concentration of dark culturing T2 hour changes, T is incubation time;
According to Barnes(1983) calculate the formula of calcification rate:
Illumination calcification rate=(gross photosynthesis speed * Q+TA ' * (K-K ')-K * (BA+HA)+K ' * (BA '+HA '))/(2 * (K-0.5) * T)
Dark calcification rate=(dark respiratory rate * Q+TA ' * (K-K ')-K * (BA+HA)+K ' * (BA '+HA '))/(2 * (K-0.5) * T)
In formula, Q is carbon ratio example (being approximately 1:1), TA ' is that the initial basicity before illumination cultivation or before dark culturing (detects with drop method, TA ' before illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate, TA ' before dark culturing is corresponding with the dark calcification rate of calculating), BA and HA are respectively that boric acid and the hydroxide ion basicity before illumination cultivation or before dark culturing (is calculated gained by salinity, temperature and pH with CO2SYS software, belong to common practise, software for calculation can be:
http:// cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys/CO2SYS_calc_XLS_v2.1/download, BA before illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate with HA, BA before dark culturing is corresponding with the dark calcification rate of calculating with HA), BA ' and HA ' are respectively after illumination cultivation or the boric acid after dark culturing and hydroxide ion basicity (are calculated gained by salinity, temperature and pH with CO2SYS software, belong to common practise, BA ' after illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate with HA ', BA ' after dark culturing and HA ' with to calculate dark calcification rate corresponding), K and K ' are by formula:
AH and aH ' are respectively the hydrogen ion concentration (=10 of illumination cultivation when initial and after illumination cultivation
-pH, with pH meter, detect), k
1and k
2be respectively the dissociation constant of carbonate, T is incubation time;
Calculate thus illumination calcification rate and the dark calcification rate of the coral young.
The normal healthy coral of growth that described adult coral preferably gathers from seabed gathers before discharging the young.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, compare the detection method of traditional calcification rate, the present invention has detected the coral young alive first to be had illumination and there is no the photosynthetic and respiration under illumination condition, by calculating O in water body
2with the slight change of pH, calculate photosynthesis and the calcification rate of the coral young, it has simple, cheap, accurate and efficient feature, there is no at home people and in Coral Reef Region, carries out research in this respect.
2, the present invention, by the method for microelectrode, has significantly improved the photosynthetic and respiratory measuring accuracy of coral, has filled up the blank of this respect at home and abroad;
3, the present invention can fast detecting, obtain data in real time.Reduce the loss of sample size in operating process, improved detection efficiency.
Embodiment:
Following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The microelectrode of the present embodiment detects the method for coral young calcification rate, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) in July, 2013,2 to the 5m depth of water places in Coral Reefs of Luhuitou, Sanya, from gathering the growth cup-shaped coral of deer horn normal, healthy, that also do not discharge the young (Pocillopora damicornis), take back laboratory, then put into 15L culture vessel, treat that coral discharges ellipse or circular Metamorphore, collects Metamorphore, after Metamorphore sinks to the bottom, allow the young be attached to plastic culture dish about 15 days;
(2) treat that the young is attached to plastic culture dish, take out culture dish, with knife blade, around the young, plastic culture dish is cut into 1cm
2fritter, note not encountering the young.
(3), after watery hydrochloric acid micro-bottle respirator 10%(v/v of 5ml) cleans, distilled water cleans 3 times;
(4) 1cm of the young will be attached with
2fritter put into micro-bottle respirator, pour net filter (200 order) seawater into.Experiment is comprised of three Duplicate Samples and a control sample that does not pack the young into.In vitro illumination level is～200 μ mol/cm2/s.Sample light application time is 12 hours, and be 12 hours interlunation.
(5) by the initial basicity of seawater before titration detection illumination cultivation or before dark culturing.Micro-bottle respirator is placed on the support of microelectrode Study system of UNISENSE company, oxygen microelectrode and pH microelectrode is inserted in the seawater of micro-bottle respirator and detect DO and pH, data are sent to computer in real time.
(6) according to the photosynthetic and respiration of the oxygen change calculations young, utilizing carbonate eqrilibrium system model CO2SYS to calculate pH photosynthetic and that respiration causes changes, because the calcium ion of coral precipitation 1mol can discharge 2mol basicity, difference according to the hydrogen ion of actual measurement and oxygen concentration variation, can calculate calcification rate:
Specific formula for calculation:
Gross photosynthesis speed=(DO
lT0-DO
l12h– DO
l contrasts variation)/T
Dark respiratory rate=(DO
dT0-DO
d12h– DO
d contrasts variation)/T
DO
lT0the dissolved oxygen concentration before illumination cultivation, DO
l12hthe dissolved oxygen concentration of illumination cultivation after 12 hours, DO
l contrast changethat the dissolved oxygen concentration that in control sample, (seawater that there is no the young) illumination cultivation is cultivated 12 hours changes, DO
dT0the dissolved oxygen concentration before dark culturing, DO
d12hthat dark culturing is cultivated the dissolved oxygen concentration after 12 hours, DO
d contrasts variationbe that in control sample, (seawater that there is no the young) the dark culturing dissolved oxygen concentration of 12 hours changes, T is incubation time;
According to Barnes(1983) calculate the formula of calcification rate:
Illumination calcification rate=(gross photosynthesis speed * Q+TA ' * (K-K ')-K * (BA+HA)+K ' * (BA '+HA '))/(2 * (K-0.5) * T)
Dark calcification rate=(dark respiratory rate * Q+TA ' * (K-K ')-K * (BA+HA)+K ' * (BA '+HA '))/(2 * (K-0.5) * T)
In formula, Q is carbon ratio example (being approximately 1:1), TA ' is that the initial basicity before illumination cultivation or before dark culturing (detects by titration, TA ' before illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate, TA ' before dark culturing is corresponding with the dark calcification rate of calculating), BA and HA are respectively that boric acid and the hydroxide ion basicity before illumination cultivation or before dark culturing (is calculated gained by salinity, temperature and pH with CO2SYS software, belong to common practise, software for calculation can be:
http:// cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys/CO2SYS_calc_XLS_v2.1/download, BA before illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate with HA, BA before dark culturing is corresponding with the dark calcification rate of calculating with HA), BA ' and HA ' are respectively after illumination cultivation or the boric acid after dark culturing and hydroxide ion basicity (are calculated gained by salinity, temperature and pH with CO2SYS software, belong to common practise, BA ' after illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate with HA ', BA ' after dark culturing and HA ' with to calculate dark calcification rate corresponding), K and K ' are by formula:
AH and aH ' are respectively that illumination cultivation is when initial and the hydrogen ion concentration (=10 of illumination cultivation after 12 hours
-pH, with pH meter, detect), k
1and k
2be respectively the dissociation constant of carbonate, T is incubation time;
Calculate thus illumination calcification rate and the dark calcification rate of the coral young.
Therefore the photosynthesis of, applying the coral young that micro-breathing electrode system detects is that illumination calcification rate is 0.98 ± 0.2% μ mol d
-1(mean value ± standard deviation), dark calcification rate is 0.52 ± 0.12% μ mol d
-1(mean value ± standard deviation).
The conventional method of young calcification is: cultivate the young more than 2 days, detect young weight differential, calculate the recruitment of every day.According to conventional method, detect, cannot detect the calcification rate of short-term, more cannot differentiate the illumination of the coral young and dark calcification rate.According to conventional method, detect, our the coral young calcification rate of research is 0.85 ± 0.16% μ mol d
-1(this has comprised illumination and dark calcification rate).Between the illumination of the present embodiment and the calcification rate of dark, illustrate that thus according to the method for microelectrode detection coral young calcification rate of the present invention be accurately.
Embodiment 2
The microelectrode of the present embodiment detects the method for coral young calcification rate, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) in April, 2013,2 to the 5m depth of water places in Coral Reefs of Luhuitou, Sanya, from gathering growth Acropora normal, healthy, that also do not discharge the young (Acropora sp.), take back laboratory, then put into 15L culture vessel, treat that coral discharges ellipse or circular Metamorphore, collects Metamorphore, after Metamorphore sinks to the bottom, allow the young be attached to plastic culture plate about 2 months;
(2) take out culture plate, with knife blade, the young is separated from bottom.
(3), after watery hydrochloric acid micro-bottle respirator 10%(v/v of 5ml) cleans, distilled water cleans 3 times;
(4) young is put into micro-bottle respirator, pour net filter (200 order) seawater into.Experiment is comprised of three Duplicate Samples and a control sample that does not pack the young into.In vitro illumination level is～200 μ mol/cm2/s.Sample light application time is 12 hours, and be 12 hours interlunation.
(5) micro-bottle respirator is placed on the support of microelectrode Study system of UNISENSE company, oxygen microelectrode and pH microelectrode are inserted in the seawater of micro-bottle respirator and detect DO and pH, data are sent to computer in real time, and before detecting illumination cultivation by titration or the initial basicity of seawater before dark culturing.
(6) according to the photosynthetic and respiration of the oxygen change calculations young, utilizing carbonate eqrilibrium system model CO2SYS to calculate pH photosynthetic and that respiration causes changes, because the calcium ion of coral precipitation 1mol can discharge 2mol basicity, difference according to the hydrogen ion of actual measurement and oxygen concentration variation, can calculate calcification rate:
Specific formula for calculation:
Gross photosynthesis speed=(DO
lT0-DO
l12h– DO
l contrasts variation)/T
Dark respiratory rate=(DO
dT0-DO
d12h– DO
d contrasts variation)/T
DO
lT0the dissolved oxygen concentration before illumination cultivation, DO
l12hthe dissolved oxygen concentration of illumination cultivation after 12 hours, DO
l contrast changethat the dissolved oxygen concentration that in control sample, (seawater that there is no the young) illumination cultivation is cultivated 12 hours changes, DO
dT0the dissolved oxygen concentration before dark culturing, DO
d12hthat dark culturing is cultivated the dissolved oxygen concentration after 12 hours, DO
d contrasts variationbe that in control sample, (seawater that there is no the young) the dark culturing dissolved oxygen concentration of 12 hours changes, T is incubation time;
According to Barnes(1983) calculate the formula of calcification rate:
Illumination calcification rate=(gross photosynthesis speed * Q+TA ' * (K-K ')-K * (BA+HA)+K ' * (BA '+HA '))/(2 * (K-0.5) * T)
Dark calcification rate=(dark respiratory rate * Q+TA ' * (K-K ')-K * (BA+HA)+K ' * (BA '+HA '))/(2 * (K-0.5) * T)
In formula, Q is carbon ratio example (being approximately 1:1), TA ' is that the initial basicity before illumination cultivation or before dark culturing (detects with drop method, TA ' before illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate, TA ' before dark culturing is corresponding with the dark calcification rate of calculating), BA and HA are respectively that boric acid and the hydroxide ion basicity before illumination cultivation or before dark culturing (is calculated gained by salinity, temperature and pH with CO2SYS software, belong to common practise, software for calculation can be:
http:// cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys/CO2SYS_calc_XLS_v2.1/download, BA before illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate with HA, BA before dark culturing is corresponding with the dark calcification rate of calculating with HA), BA ' and HA ' are respectively after illumination cultivation or the boric acid after dark culturing and hydroxide ion basicity (are calculated gained by salinity, temperature and pH with CO2SYS software, belong to common practise, BA ' after illumination cultivation is corresponding with calculating illumination calcification rate with HA ', BA ' after dark culturing and HA ' with to calculate dark calcification rate corresponding), K and K ' are by formula:
AH and aH ' are respectively that illumination cultivation is when initial and the hydrogen ion concentration (=10 of illumination cultivation after 12 hours
-pH, with pH meter, detect), k
1and k
2be respectively the dissociation constant of carbonate, T is incubation time;
Calculate thus illumination calcification rate and the dark calcification rate of the coral young.
Therefore the photosynthesis of, applying the coral young that micro-breathing electrode system detects is that illumination calcification rate is 0.79 ± 0.1% μ mol d
-1(mean value ± standard deviation), dark calcification rate is 0.68 ± 0.14% μ mol d
-1(mean value ± standard deviation).
According to conventional method, detect, our the coral young calcification rate of research is 0.70 ± 0.1% μ mol d
-1(this has comprised illumination and dark calcification rate).Between the illumination of the present embodiment and the calcification rate of dark, illustrate that thus according to the method for microelectrode detection coral young calcification rate of the present invention be accurately.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105352999A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-24 | 临沂大学 | Ex-situ determination method for pH value of plant sap |
| CN111543360A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-18 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for measuring deposition rate of calcium carbonate for culturing shellfish and application |
| CN112931304A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving attachment of coral larvae |
| CN116822710A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-09-29 | 国家海洋环境预报中心 | Coral reef whitening hot spot prediction method, calcification rate prediction method and electronic equipment |
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| CN105352999A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-24 | 临沂大学 | Ex-situ determination method for pH value of plant sap |
| CN111543360A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-18 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for measuring deposition rate of calcium carbonate for culturing shellfish and application |
| CN112931304A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving attachment of coral larvae |
| CN112931304B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving attachment of coral larvae |
| CN116822710A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-09-29 | 国家海洋环境预报中心 | Coral reef whitening hot spot prediction method, calcification rate prediction method and electronic equipment |
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