CN103645396B - Low-voltage arc fault detection method and device - Google Patents
Low-voltage arc fault detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of low-voltage arc fault detection method and device, Low voltage arc fault detection means includes the current transformer being sequentially connected with, I/V translation circuits, amplifier rectification circuit, pulse shaper and microcontroller.The present invention detects load current signal by current transformer, current signal is changed into by corresponding voltage signal by I/V translation circuits, voltage signal input amplifier rectification circuit is amplified and rectification, obtain the absolute value signal of proper ratio, absolute value signal is shaped to rectangular pulse signal by pulse shaper again, the pulse width time of the pulse signal of microcontroller capture pulse shaper output, by judge pulse width time changing ratio corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave whether exceed corresponding levels of current under threshold value or whether continuously capture high-frequency impulse, to judge whether current flow half-wave is arc fault half-wave, it can accurately detect typically to load arc fault, and give timely disconnecting circuit, ensure Electrical Safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low-voltage distribution system arc fault detection field, and in particular to one kind is not easy by running current
Change the low-voltage arc fault detection method and device of interference.
Background technology
According to relevant statistics, because the fire that electric reason triggers ranks first in all kinds of fire, 30% is accounted for.It is and electric
The very big proportion of gas fire is due to what arc fault triggered.These dangerous electric arcs, which are likely to occur in, designs unreasonable or aging
Supply line on, in the power line of appliance plug and household electrical appliance, internal wire harness or parts insulation.The spy of fault electric arc
Point is that electric current may reduce in circuit, but temperature is high, and failure is expanded rapidly, until lighting neighbouring combustible and triggering fire
Calamity.So this fire by arc fault initiation of prevention is particularly important.
Traditional circuit-breakers for over-current protection and Aftercurrent protection circuit breaker do not have the work of fault electric arc protection typically
With.It is domestic at present to domestic circuit arc fault field also in the research and development stage, although there is fewer companies to have been developed that pin
To the arc-fault circuit interrupter of domestic circuit, but it does not start really also in circulation on the market, and its reliability not yet obtains
Checking well.
Although China's protection device for arc faults does not Qiang Zhiyaoqiu installation also at present, do not occurred such production on the market yet
Product.But in order to protect the Electrical Safety of household electrical appliance, for the household electrical appliance of China 220V/50Hz single phase poaer supply line power supply
Design a small volume, the device for being easily installed and effectively providing electric arc fault protection be have it is very necessary.For electric arc event
Hinder the installation of breaker and China ensures a kind of inexorable trend of Electrical Safety in the future.
The content of the invention
The main object of the present invention is the shortcomings that overcoming prior art, there is provided one kind can accurately detect typically to load electric arc
The generation of failure, and give timely disconnecting circuit, ensure the low-voltage arc fault detection method and device of Electrical Safety.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
Low voltage arc fault detection means, include for gather load current signal current transformer, for by electricity
The current signal of current transformer output is changed into the I/V translation circuits of voltage signal, the voltage for I/V translation circuits to be exported
Signal is amplified and rectification obtains the amplifier rectification circuit of absolute value signal, for rectified signal to be shaped into pulse signal
Pulse shaper and for capturing the pulse width time of pulse signal and carrying out the microcontroller of arc fault judgement, the electricity
The primary side of current transformer is connected on protected circuit, secondary side connection I/V translation circuits, the I/V translation circuits, amplifier
Rectification circuit, pulse shaper and microcontroller are sequentially connected with.
Further, the I/V translation circuits use build-out resistor.
Further, the amplifier rectification circuit uses high input impedance amplifier precise rectification circuit.
Further, the pulse shaper uses hysteresis voltage comparator circuit.
A kind of low-voltage arc fault detection method, change ratio by detecting pulse width time corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave
The threshold value or whether continuously capture high-frequency impulse to determine whether to produce arc fault whether rate exceeds under corresponding levels of current,
Comprise the following steps：
1. being sampled by current transformer to the electric current of protected circuit, load current signal is obtained；Pass through company again
The current signal is changed into corresponding voltage signal by the I/V translation circuits for being connected to Current Transformer Secondary side；I/V translation circuits
The voltage signal input amplifier rectification circuit of output is amplified and rectification, obtains the absolute value signal of proper ratio；Amplifier is whole
The absolute value signal of current circuit output is shaped to rectangular pulse signal by pulse shaper；
2. microcontroller captures the pulsewidth for the pulse signal that pulse shaper exports by the PWM input patterns of timer
Time；And it is low-frequency pulse, medium-frequency pulse and high-frequency impulse by the pulse classification captured according to the frequency range of setting；It is micro-
Controller is by judging whether low frequency pulse width time rate of change corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave exceeds under corresponding levels of current
Threshold value, to judge whether current flow half-wave is arc fault half-wave, according to low frequency pulse width time T estimate current effective value,
Estimation equation is:Wherein, H is high level voltage value, and L is low level voltage value, and f is frequency
Rate, it is of different sizes according to present load current value I, respective threshold is defined, threshold formula is：K1=45%+5%* (15-I)/5；
Meanwhile if continuously capturing high-frequency impulse, one fault-signal of meter before next low-frequency pulse arrives；As setting time t
When the interior accumulative fault-signal monitored exceedes given threshold K2, that is, it is judged to that arc fault occurs；
3. when microcontroller judges to occur arc fault, microcontroller output trip signal disconnecting circuit.
Further, the pulse less than 5us is defined as high-frequency impulse by the microcontroller, will be greater than 100us pulse
Low-frequency pulse is defined as, will be greater than being defined as medium-frequency pulse equal to pulses of the 5us less than or equal to 100us.
Further, the setting time t is 50 hemiwave times, and given threshold K2 is 10.
Further, the algorithm of electric arc half-wave fault-signal number is in the microcontroller statistics setting time：Definition
One variable Temp is used for the result of determination for storing current demand signal, when current demand signal is determined as non-faulting signal, Temp=0, when
When front signal is determined as fault-signal, Temp=1；The integer array D [50] that a length is 50 is defined to be used to store 50 half
The result of determination of ripple time, after each hemiwave time is judged, by the 0-48 element every to high-order mobile one in array
Position, current Temp values are stored in the lowest order D [0] of array, array D [50] summed, you can draw in 50 hemiwave times
The accumulative fault-signal number N monitored.
From the above-mentioned description of this invention, compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Microcontroller is caught
The pulse width time of the pulse signal of pulse shaper output is obtained, by judging pulse width time corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave
The threshold value or whether continuously capture high-frequency impulse whether changing ratio exceeds under corresponding levels of current, to judge current flow half
Whether ripple is arc fault half-wave, can accurately detect the generation of general load arc fault, and gives timely disconnecting circuit,
Ensure Electrical Safety.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ware circuit schematic diagram of the Low voltage arc fault detection means of the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the arc fault detection main program flow chart of the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the timing microprocessor interrupt routine flow chart of the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the arc fault detection algorithm of the specific embodiment of the invention.
In figure：1. current transformer, 2.I/V translation circuits, 3. amplifier rectification circuits, 4. pulse shapers, 5. micro-controls
Device processed.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Reference picture 1, Low voltage arc fault detection means, include for gather load current signal current transformer 1,
Current signal for current transformer 1 to be exported is changed into the I/V translation circuits 2 of voltage signal, for by I/V translation circuits
The voltage signal of 2 outputs is amplified and rectification obtains the amplifier rectification circuit 3 of absolute value signal, for rectified signal is whole
Form the pulse shaper 4 of pulse signal and for capturing the pulse width time of pulse signal and carrying out the micro- of arc fault judgement
Controller 5, the primary side of the current transformer 1 are connected on protected circuit, secondary side connection I/V translation circuits 2, described
I/V translation circuits 2, amplifier rectification circuit 3, pulse shaper 4 and microcontroller 5 are sequentially connected with.The I/V translation circuits 2
Using build-out resistor；The amplifier rectification circuit 3 uses high input impedance amplifier precise rectification circuit；The pulse shaper
4 use hysteresis voltage comparator circuit.
Reference picture 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a kind of low-voltage arc fault detection method, by detecting adjacent periods electric current half
The threshold value or whether continuously capture high-frequency impulse whether pulse width time changing ratio corresponding to ripple exceeds under corresponding levels of current
To determine whether to produce arc fault, comprise the following steps：
1. being sampled by current transformer 1 to the electric current of protected circuit, load current signal is obtained；Pass through company again
The current signal is changed into corresponding voltage signal by the build-out resistor for being connected to the secondary side of current transformer 1；Build-out resistor exports
Voltage signal input amplifier precise rectification circuit be amplified and rectification, obtain the absolute value signal of proper ratio；Amplifier essence
The absolute value signal of close rectification circuit output is shaped to rectangular pulse signal by hysteresis voltage comparator circuit；
2. microcontroller 5 runs arc fault detection algorithm and carries out fault verification：
1) when capturing the pulsewidth for the pulse signal that hysteresis voltage comparator circuit exports by the PWM input patterns of timer
Between；And it is low-frequency pulse, medium-frequency pulse and high-frequency impulse by the pulse classification captured, specifically according to the frequency range of setting
Pulse less than 5us is defined as high-frequency impulse, the pulse that will be greater than 100us is defined as low-frequency pulse, will be greater than small equal to 5us
Medium-frequency pulse is defined as in the pulse equal to 100us；
2) microcontroller 5 is by judging whether low frequency pulse width time rate of change corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave exceeds phase
Whether the horizontal lower threshold value of induced current continuously captures high-frequency impulse, come judge current flow half-wave whether be arc fault partly
Ripple, specific algorithm are：
Current effective value is estimated according to low frequency pulse width time T, estimation equation is: Its
In, H is high level voltage value, and L is low level voltage value, and f is frequency, of different sizes according to present load current value I, defines phase
Threshold value is answered, threshold formula is：K1=45%+5%* (15-I)/5, when low frequency pulse width time corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave
When rate of change exceeds the threshold value under corresponding levels of current, add up a fault-signal；
Meanwhile if continuously capturing high-frequency impulse, one fault-signal of meter before next low-frequency pulse arrives；
3) when the fault-signal number for adding up to monitor in 50 hemiwave times is more than 10, that is, it is judged to that electric arc occurs
Failure；
The algorithm of electric arc half-wave fault-signal number is in 50 hemiwave times of the statistics of microcontroller 5：Define one
Variable Temp is used for the result of determination for storing current demand signal, when current demand signal is determined as non-faulting signal, Temp=0, and current letter
When number being determined as fault-signal, Temp=1；When the integer array D [50] that one length of definition is 50 is used to store 50 half-waves
Between result of determination, it is after each hemiwave time is judged, the 0-48 element in array every is mobile one to a high position, will
In the lowest order D [0] of current Temp values deposit array, array D [50] is summed, you can draw and add up prison in 50 hemiwave times
The fault-signal number N measured.
3. when microcontroller 5 judges to occur arc fault, microcontroller 5 exports trip signal disconnecting circuit.
Reference picture 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the algorithm routine that microcontroller 5 of the invention carries out arc fault detection include
Main program, timer interrupt program and arc fault detection algorithm routine three parts, its program operational process are as follows：
1. being initialized in main program to timer TIM1, and timer TIM1 is configured to PWM mode input, definition is global
Variable, configure interrupt parameters and start that interruption is enabled, and then program is in while circular wait interrupt status；
2. TIM1 captures trailing edge interruption, the high level time length in register is extracted, according to pulse width time number
The pulse pattern captured according to determination；
3. according to the result of step 2., if pulse is determined as high-frequency impulse, whether fault-signal number N depends on from increasing 1
In whether continuously having captured high-frequency impulse；If pulse is determined as medium-frequency pulse, do not operate；
4. if the pulse of step 2. is determined as low-frequency pulse, being calculated according to low-frequency pulse statistical result and updating electric current has
Valid value I, and then determine threshold parameter K1=45%+5%* (15-I)/5；
5. the rate of change dt in adjacent periods burst length is calculated, if dt>K1, then update N value；
6. in the method for detecting arc, a defined length is 50 integer array D [50], and then is calculated
Array a [50] numerical value summation, i.e. electric arc number summation N, when N is more than or equal to 10, it is judged to that arc fault, microcontroller occurs
Device 5 exports trip signal, disconnecting circuit.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is above are only, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, all profits
The change of unsubstantiality is carried out to the present invention with this design, the behavior for invading the scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (4)
1. low-voltage arc fault detection method, it is characterised in that：By detecting pulse width time corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave
The threshold value or whether continuously capture high-frequency impulse to determine whether to produce electricity whether changing ratio exceeds under corresponding levels of current
Arc failure, comprises the following steps：
1. being sampled by current transformer to the electric current of protected circuit, load current signal is obtained；Again by being connected to
The current signal is changed into corresponding voltage signal by the I/V translation circuits of Current Transformer Secondary side；I/V translation circuits export
Voltage signal input amplifier rectification circuit be amplified and rectification, obtain the absolute value signal of proper ratio；Amplifier rectified current
The absolute value signal of road output is shaped to rectangular pulse signal by pulse shaper；
2. microcontroller captures the pulsewidth for the pulse signal that pulse shaper exports by the PWM input patterns of timer
Between；And it is low-frequency pulse, medium-frequency pulse and high-frequency impulse by the pulse classification captured according to the frequency range of setting；Micro-control
Device processed is by judging whether low frequency pulse width time rate of change corresponding to adjacent periods current half wave exceeds under corresponding levels of current
Threshold value, to judge whether current flow half-wave is arc fault half-wave, current effective value is estimated according to low frequency pulse width time T, estimated
Calculating formula is:Wherein, H is high level voltage value, and L is low level voltage value, and f is frequency,
It is of different sizes according to present load current value I, respective threshold is defined, threshold formula is：K1=45%+5%* (15-I)/5；Together
When, if continuously capturing high-frequency impulse, one fault-signal of meter before next low-frequency pulse arrives；When in setting time t
When the accumulative fault-signal monitored exceedes given threshold K2, that is, it is judged to that arc fault occurs；
3. when microcontroller judges to occur arc fault, microcontroller output trip signal disconnecting circuit.
2. low-voltage arc fault detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The microcontroller will be less than 5us
Pulse be defined as high-frequency impulse, the pulse that will be greater than 100us is defined as low-frequency pulse, will be greater than being less than or equal to equal to 5us
100us pulse is defined as medium-frequency pulse.
3. low-voltage arc fault detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The setting time t is 50 half
Ripple time, given threshold K2 are 10.
4. low-voltage arc fault detection method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：During the microcontroller statistics setting
The algorithm of interior electric arc half-wave fault-signal number is：The result of determination that a variable Temp is used to store current demand signal is defined,
When current demand signal is determined as non-faulting signal, Temp=0, when current demand signal is determined as fault-signal, Temp=1；Define one
The integer array D [50] that length is 50 is used for the result of determination for storing 50 hemiwave times, after each hemiwave time is judged,
The 0-48 element every in array is mobile one to a high position, current Temp values are stored in the lowest order D [0] of array, it is right
Array D [50] sums, you can draws the fault-signal number N for adding up to monitor in 50 hemiwave times.
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| CN201310603349.XA CN103645396B (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2013-11-25 | Low-voltage arc fault detection method and device |
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| CN103645396B true CN103645396B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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| CN106549366B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市中智盛安安全技术有限公司 | Power utilization safety detection protection circuit, switch device or socket |
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| WO2017207535A1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arc fault identification unit |
| EP3446387B1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2023-05-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fault-arc identification unit |
| CN107085158A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-08-22 | 浙江中科城安消防科技有限公司 | A kind of fault arc detection device and method for gathering communication |
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| CN110716110A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-21 | 威胜集团有限公司 | Electrical safety detection device, detection method and intelligent socket |
| CN110554289B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-06-08 | 河南理工大学 | A low-voltage series arc fault detection system |
| CN111426887A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-17 | 四川大学 | A Method of Comparing Pulse Width of Pulse Current |
| CN114019222B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-14 | 深圳市高新投三江电子股份有限公司 | Half-wave detection method for high-precision measurement of residual current |
| CN116413558A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-07-11 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Alternating current arc detection method based on filtering current |
| CN117761453B (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2024-08-30 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Low-voltage fault arc identification method, device, medium and equipment |
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| JP2831042B2 (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1998-12-02 | 中部電力株式会社 | Partial discharge monitoring device for oil-immersed transformer |
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Inventor after: Yang Jianhong Inventor after: Wang Zheng Inventor after: Chen Qiuhong Inventor after: Zhang Rencheng Inventor after: Yang Kai Inventor after: Zhan Youxiong Inventor before: Yang Jianhong Inventor before: Wang Zheng Inventor before: Zhang Rencheng Inventor before: Yang Kai Inventor before: Zhan Youxiong |
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Effective date of registration: 20190419 Address after: Room 1206, Jiangnan Yujing, 33 Zhitai Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province Patentee after: Lei Huamin Address before: Room 3006, No. 6 Building, Jinfengyu District, Fengze District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province Patentee before: QUANZHOU JIAKAI ELECTROMECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. |
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