CN103639589A - Aluminum-steel heat release welding method - Google Patents
Aluminum-steel heat release welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103639589A CN103639589A CN201310707568.2A CN201310707568A CN103639589A CN 103639589 A CN103639589 A CN 103639589A CN 201310707568 A CN201310707568 A CN 201310707568A CN 103639589 A CN103639589 A CN 103639589A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 59
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynol Chemical group OC#C QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011430 maximum method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K23/00—Alumino-thermic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/361—Alumina or aluminates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝-钢放热焊接方法。通过将待焊铝块和钢块截面打磨干净，在铝块和钢块待焊截面的缝隙间紧贴铝块放置一块预先打磨好的钢片；将石墨坩埚底部通孔对准缝隙中心，将自蔓延焊剂放入石墨坩埚中，点燃自蔓延焊剂表面的引火粉，自蔓延焊剂发生反应产生的熔液从石墨坩埚底部的小孔流入铝块和钢块间的缝隙，钢片受热熔化，冷却至室温后即完成铝-钢的焊接。采用的自蔓延焊剂由含有质量百分数为22~28%的Al粉、62~68%的Fe2O3粉、4~7%的Si粉和3~6%的造渣剂组成。本发明操作简单、设备简易、反应稳定、安全可靠、原料广泛、成本低廉，所得的接头夹渣少，铝钢结合方式为冶金结合，质量好，极具工业推广价值。
The invention discloses an aluminum-steel exothermic welding method. By grinding the cross section of the aluminum block and the steel block to be welded clean, place a pre-polished steel sheet close to the aluminum block between the aluminum block and the steel block to be welded; align the through hole at the bottom of the graphite crucible with the center of the gap, and Put the self-propagating flux into the graphite crucible, ignite the ignition powder on the surface of the self-propagating flux, and the melt produced by the reaction of the self-propagating flux flows into the gap between the aluminum block and the steel block from the small hole at the bottom of the graphite crucible, and the steel sheet is heated and melted, then cooled After reaching room temperature, the aluminum-steel welding is completed. The self-propagating flux used is composed of 22-28% Al powder, 62-68% Fe 2 O 3 powder, 4-7% Si powder and 3-6% slagging agent. The invention has the advantages of simple operation, simple equipment, stable reaction, safety and reliability, wide range of raw materials, low cost, less slag inclusion in the obtained joint, metallurgical combination of aluminum and steel, good quality and great industrial promotion value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials processing and manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method.
Background technology
Aluminium, as a kind of argenteous light metal, has excellent ductility, is also the maximum metallic element of content in the earth's crust simultaneously, thereby has important development prospect in fields such as aviation, building, automobiles.Steel, with its cheap price and reliable performance, becomes and uses one of maximum material, is all indispensable composition in building industry, manufacturing industry and people's life.In conjunction with excellent properties and the application prospect of aluminium and steel, the welding between For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium And just becomes a large focus naturally.But because the performance of aluminium and steel is totally different, fusing point differs greatly, therefore in the middle of actual welding, be faced with very large technological challenge.
At present, in aluminum steel welding, the maximum method of traditional use is friction welding (FW), explosive welding (EW) and soldering.In these welding methods, be inevitably faced with the technique more complicated of welding, welding cost is relatively high, the problem that energy resource consumption proportion is larger.The method of a kind of oxy-acetylene welding aluminum steel as described in patent 92113206.9, although speed of welding is fast, operates relatively simply, and the consumption rate of the energy is larger.As patent 200610152657.5 provides a kind of explosion welding method of aluminum steel dissimilar metal, although can realize the large-area aluminum steel welding of high-quality, production technology is relatively complicated.As patent 201010108154.4 provides a kind of aluminum steel welding method of flux-cored arc welding, although the strength of welded joint obtaining is high, the cost of welding is still relatively high on the whole.
In fact, traditional aluminum steel welding manner, except needs overcome above several defects, also needs to consider the associativity problem of resulting welding point.Because the thermophysical property of aluminium and steel is totally different, solid solubility is lower, when forming alloy, easily form intermetallic compound, this has just caused the hydraulic performance decline problem of aluminum steel welding point, and formed welding point is not give strong description of test in mechanical bond or this problem of metallurgical binding.Therefore, in order to improve the intensity in aluminum steel welding street corner, must improve welding procedure, in patent 200910072270.2, use the growing amount that has really reduced interface compound in the way of the preset one deck aluminium in steel surface, improved to a certain extent the quality of welding, but the welding manner of the method is used MIG welding, on cost, do not give to control.In patent 201310367501.9, utilize the mode of hot aluminizing at steel surface coverage one deck aluminium, realize aluminum steel from the metallurgical binding of spreading welding, but SnO in the formula that the method is used
2and Cu
2the economy of O is not high, does not give to control on cost.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the many disadvantages that overcomes conventional aluminum steel welding method, provides a kind of equipment simple, easy and simple to handle, with low cost and realize the aluminum steel welding method of aluminium-steel welded joint metallurgical binding.
Aluminium-steel exothermic welding method, comprises the following steps:
Aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section is clean, between the gap in aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block and place a steel disc of having polished in advance; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole is aimed to center, gap, solder flux is put into graphite crucible, light the pyrophoric powder on solder flux surface, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows into the gap between aluminium block and bloom from the aperture of graphite crucible bottom, steel disc melted by heat, is cooled to the welding that completes aluminium-steel after room temperature.
Below described aluminium block and bloom, there is graphite base; Between aluminium block and bloom and graphite crucible, there is the graphite cushion block containing through hole; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole blocks with sheet metal.
Described steel disc, its thickness is 3 mm.
Described solder flux comprises the component of following mass percent: 22 ~ 28% Al powder, 62 ~ 68% Fe
2o
3powder, 4 ~ 7% Si powder and 3 ~ 6% slag former.
Described Al powder, its fineness is 200 orders.
Described pyrophoric powder is gunpowder or magnesium powder.
Described slag former is CaF
2, NaF or KF.
The present invention adopts the self propagating high temperature synthetic reaction of aluminium and iron oxide, and this reaction produces a large amount of heats and generates a large amount of iron liquid, and iron liquid flow in welding groove, realizes the welding of aluminium-steel, and Fig. 1 is device schematic diagram used in the present invention.The Fe using in reaction
2o
3than SnO
2and Cu
2o is a kind of cheapness and efficient aluminum heat flux.In Welding Structure, at the thin bloom of the aluminium preset del in surface, effect is mainly the face of weld of protection aluminium, because the temperature of the self propagating high temperature synthetic reaction of aluminium and iron oxide is up to more than 2,000 degree, approach the boiling point of aluminium, so the iron liquid of high-temperature directly contacts with aluminium block, cause the embrittlement tendency of aluminium block seriously and easily to cause directly burning of aluminium block, make the normally combination of aluminium and steel, at the preset thin bloom in aluminium surface, absorbed the part heat of iron liquid, make the temperature on aluminium surface be unlikely to too high, reduced the embrittlement tendency of aluminium block, improved the associativity of aluminium and steel, upside-down triangle shape design meets iron liquid and flows to from top to down the thermodynamics regularity of distribution that in welding groove, temperature is successively decreased gradually.The object that adds Si powder is the mobility that increases iron liquid, realizes the good separation of slag liquid; The CaF adding
2, NaF or KF effect be mainly and react the Al generating
2o
3form loose porous and low-density slag, absorption portion heat in course of reaction, make course of reaction tend towards stability with gently; Be close to aluminium block and place a del bloom that thickness is 3mm.
The present invention, by the preset thin bloom in aluminium surface, uses self propagating high temperature synthetic technology to weld aluminum steel, the heat that utilizes reaction to produce, metal is filled in fusing, fill metal and flow in filling slot, make aluminium and steel realize metallurgical binding, aluminum steel dissimilar metal is welded together.The Fe using in reaction
2o
3relatively cheap, on cost, be under control.Experimental facilities of the present invention is simple, with low cost, and gained aluminium-steel welded joint is metallurgical binding joint.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1. the present invention is reasonable in design, simple in structure.Aluminium block one is sidelong and is put the del bloom that a thickness is 3mm, has absorbed part heat, has reduced embrittlement and the scaling loss of aluminium; The design of del shape meets iron liquid and flows down the Thermodynamic Law that temperature declines gradually.
2. the present invention is simple to operate, device simple.Simple to operate, required step is for taking powder, mixed-powder, filling powder, igniting reaction.Device simple, equipment needed thereby is mainly the graphite jig of charge material, without other main equipments.
3. stable reaction of the present invention, safe and reliable.In reaction, added CaF
2whole course of reaction is tended to be steady, can be too inviolent.The iron liquid mobility that adds Si that reaction is generated is fine, can not be stuck in slag.
4. raw material of the present invention is extensive, with low cost.React required Al, Fe
2o
3, Si, CaF
2be all the more common raw material in laboratory, and be very easy to obtain, cost is also quite cheap simultaneously.
5. welding point slag inclusion of the present invention is few, metallurgical binding, and quality is good.The slag former adding in reaction, makes slag liquid well separated, has improved the quality of welding point, and has realized the metallurgical binding at aluminum steel interface.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph at the aluminum steel welding point place of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the energy spectrogram at the aluminum steel welding point place of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done to further detailed description, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.If no special instructions, the chemicals using in following embodiment is AR.
Embodiment 1
Aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section that area of section is identical is clean, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, to be close to aluminium block place and to place the steel disc being of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, thickness is 3 mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and the through hole of graphite crucible bottom is aimed at center, gap; Below aluminium block and bloom, have graphite base, have the graphite cushion block containing through hole between aluminium block and bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole blocks with sheet metal.Mass percent is respectively to 22% Al powder (fineness is 200 orders), 68% Fe
2o
3powder, 7% Si powder and 3% CaF
2powder is loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, on solder flux surface, sprinkle one deck gunpowder, with igniter, light the magnesium rod gunpowder that ignites, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, by steel disc fusing, be cooled to the welding that completes aluminium-steel after room temperature.By after the aluminium-steel joint sample preparation welding, carry out scanning electron microscope analysis and the power spectrum test of joint, scanning electron microscope analysis result is as shown in Figure 2, as can be seen from Figure 2, the associativity of welding point place mother metal and weld seam is good, there is no obvious crackle, and the slag inclusion of commissure is relatively less.Power spectrum test result as shown in Figure 3, can be found out by the variation of EDX relative integral intensity, realize good metallurgical binding between mother metal and weld metal.
Embodiment 2
Aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section that area of section is identical is clean, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, to be close to aluminium block place and to place the steel disc being of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, thickness is 3 mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and the through hole of graphite crucible bottom is aimed at center, gap; Below aluminium block and bloom, have graphite base, have the graphite cushion block containing through hole between aluminium block and bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole blocks with sheet metal.Mass percent is respectively to 24% Al powder (fineness is 200 orders), 66% Fe
2o
3powder, 6% Si powder and 4% NaF powder are loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, on solder flux surface, sprinkle one deck magnesium powder, with igniter, light the magnesium rod magnesium powder that ignites, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, by steel disc, be cooled to the welding that completes aluminium-steel after room temperature.
Embodiment 3
Aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section that area of section is identical is clean, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, to be close to aluminium block place and to place the steel disc being of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, thickness is 3 mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and the through hole of graphite crucible bottom is aimed at center, gap; Below aluminium block and bloom, have graphite base, have the graphite cushion block containing through hole between aluminium block and bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole blocks with sheet metal.Mass percent is respectively to 26% Al powder (fineness is 200 orders), 64% Fe
2o
3powder, 5% Si powder and 5% KF powder are loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, on solder flux surface, sprinkle one deck gunpowder, with igniter, light the magnesium rod gunpowder that ignites, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, by steel disc fusing, be cooled to the welding that completes aluminium-steel after room temperature.
Embodiment 4
Aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section that area of section is identical is clean, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, to be close to aluminium block place and to place the steel disc being of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, thickness is 3 mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and the through hole of graphite crucible bottom is aimed at center, gap; Below aluminium block and bloom, have graphite base, have the graphite cushion block containing through hole between aluminium block and bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole blocks with sheet metal.Mass percent is respectively to 28% Al powder (fineness is 200 orders), 62% Fe
2o
3powder, 4% Si powder and 6% NaF powder are loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, on solder flux surface, sprinkle one deck gunpowder, with igniter, light the magnesium rod gunpowder that ignites, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, by steel disc fusing, be cooled to the welding that completes aluminium-steel after room temperature.
Above embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail, but ratio of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that one skilled in the relevant art possesses, can also under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention, makes a variety of changes.
Claims (5)
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| CN201310707568.2A CN103639589B (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | A kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method |
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| CN201310707568.2A CN103639589B (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | A kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104526205A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | High-safety ignition device and method for exothermic welding flux |
| CN104959728A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 武汉大学 | Healant for electric shock pits in aluminum absorbing pipe and repairing method thereof |
| CN105618713A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-06-01 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | Welding flux, maintenance mold prepared from welding flux, and method for achieving field maintenance of secondary air pipe of power plant by means of welding flux or mold |
| CN105880869A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-08-24 | 国家电网公司 | Exothermic soldering flux for iron-based grounding grid |
| CN106181083A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of method based on arcing aluminothermy composite welding Large-diameter Steel stud |
| CN106736038A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminum steel Thermofusion welding agent |
| CN106825986A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | A kind of iron-based Thermofusion welding agent |
| CN113798746A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-17 | 成都亿开伟业科技开发有限公司 | Device and method for welding high-melting-point metal and low-melting-point metal and application |
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