CN103638451B - 一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药,其是由下述重量份配比的原料药制成:柴胡120份、川芎90份、生大黄100份、白芍90份、茵陈60份、郁金120份、木瓜80份、谷芽150份、板蓝根60份、麦芽150份、车前子20份、丹参150份、附子60份、肉桂40份、白术120份、水牛角粉90份、五味子90份、青蒿45份、金钱草45份、垂盆草200份、蚤休150份、虎杖50份、贯众70份、土茯苓150份、蒲公英50份、山楂150份、黄芪120份、土元100份、泽兰120份、杏仁180份、白花蛇舌草200份、薄荷120份、陈皮30份、红枣15份、甘草30份。以上各原料药经辨证配伍,起到疏肝健脾行气、益气养血活血、清热利湿解毒之功效,对慢性肝炎患者疗效显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药及其制备方法,属于中药领域。
背景技术
慢性肝炎是一类疾病的统称,因病因不同,其临床特点、治疗方法以及预后可能有所不同,但也有共同的特征:⑴肝功能反复波动,迁延不愈;⑵肝组织均有不同程度的坏死和纤维结缔组织增生,呈现慢性纤维化;⑶病情发展的最终阶段均为肝硬化;⑷均需要保肝和抗纤维化治疗。人体内转氨酶有20多种,临床上应用最多的为ALT和AST,只要有1%的肝细胞破坏,其所释放的转氨酶即足以使血清中转氨酶水平升高1倍。因此,血清转氨酶测定被认为是反映肝细胞损害的标准试验,血清转氨酶是反映肝功能损害的最敏感指标,可用于评估肝细胞损害的严重程度。慢性肝炎的病理改变分为肝组织炎症活动坏死程度的分级(G)和纤维化程度的分期(S)。炎症活动度分级(Grade,G)为4级(G1-4):G1为轻微活动,G2轻度活动,G3中度活动,G4重度活动。G1-2为肝脏有轻度炎症活动,G3-4提示肝脏坏死严重;纤维化程度分期(Stage,S)为4期(S1-4):S1期:肝小叶汇管区纤维化,病变较轻,S4期为肝硬化,病变较重。慢性肝炎早期症状轻微且缺乏特异性,呈波动性间歇性,甚至多年没有任何症状。最常见的就是容易疲劳和胃部不适;偶有恶心、腹胀、黄疸、尿色深;但当患者尿色进行性加深,皮肤巩膜黄染进行性加深,乏力食欲下降越来越明显时,提示病情恶化,可表现为高度乏力,高度腹胀,高度黄疸以及高度食欲不振;可出现低蛋白血症,腹水、胸水,腹腔感染,凝血功能下降,上消化道出血,肝性脑病等,其死亡率较高,应积极救治。慢性肝炎的病因以乙型和丙型肝炎病毒为主。据流行病学调查显示:2008年我国约有1.2亿乙型肝炎病毒携带者,慢性乙型肝炎患者约3000万;我国一般人群抗-丙型肝炎病毒阳性率为3.2%,且发病率有上升的趋势。慢性肝炎的治疗包括多个方面,保肝、抗纤维化、抗病毒去除病因、预防肝癌等等,其中针对不同的病因,去除病因,是慢性肝炎治疗中最重要的原则。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药及其制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术解决方案是:
一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药,其是由下述重量份配比的原料药制成:柴胡120份、川芎90份、生大黄100份、白芍90份、茵陈60份、郁金120份、木瓜80份、谷芽150份、板蓝根60份、麦芽150份、车前子20份、丹参150份、附子60份、肉桂40份、白术120份、水牛角粉90份、五味子90份、青蒿45份、金钱草45份、垂盆草200份、蚤休150份、虎杖50份、贯众70份、土茯苓150份、蒲公英50份、山楂150份、黄芪120份、土元100份、泽兰120份、杏仁180份、白花蛇舌草200份、薄荷120份、陈皮30份、红枣15份、甘草30份。
上述中药的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述重量份配比称取三十五味原料药;
(2)取柴胡、白芍、郁金、木瓜、谷芽、麦芽、车前子、金钱草、蚤休、贯众、土茯苓、山楂、黄芪、泽兰、白花蛇舌草、薄荷共十六味原料药,加8倍量水煎煮两次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.10-1.15(60℃),然后加纯乙醇使含醇量达60%,静置过夜,吸取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.30-1.35(60℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,即得干膏一;
(3)再取剩余十九味原料药,加6倍量质量百分浓度为70%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,并继续浓缩至相对密度1.30-1.35(60℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,即得干膏二;
(4)取上述干膏一与干膏二,分别粉碎,然后混合,再加入淀粉,混合均匀,干燥,然后加入二氧化硅与微晶纤维素,混合均匀,压片,即得。
优选步骤(4)中:干膏一与干膏二的总重量与淀粉加入量的比值为1∶5~1∶10;干膏一与干膏二的总重量与二氧化硅加入量的比值为20∶1~30∶1;干膏一与干膏二的总重量与微晶纤维素加入量的比值为10∶1~15∶1。
上述中药还可按常规方法熬制成汤剂。
本发明所选各原料药的药理及有益效果如下:
柴胡:苦、辛、微寒,归心包络、肝、三焦、胆经,和解退热、疏肝解郁、升举阳气,用于感冒发热、寒热往来、疟疾、胸胁胀痛、月经不调、子宫脱垂、脱肛;
川芎:辛、温,归肝、胆、心包经,活血行气,祛风止痛,用于月经不调、经闭痛经、症瘕腹痛、胸胁刺痛、跌扑肿痛、头痛、风湿痹痛;
生大黄:泻热通肠,逐瘀通经,凉血解毒。用于瘀血经闭,跌打损伤,湿热黄疸,血热吐衄,实热便秘,积滞腹痛,肠痈腹痛,泻痢不爽,目赤,咽肿,痈肿疔疮;
白芍:苦、酸、微寒,养血敛阴、柔肝止痛、平抑肝阳,用于头痛眩晕、胁痛、腹痛、四肢挛痛、血虚萎黄、月经不调、自汗、盗汗;
茵陈:苦、辛,微寒。归脾、胃、肝、胆经,用于清热利湿;退黄;黄疸;小便不利;湿疮瘙痒等;有利胆,保护肝功能,解热,抗炎,降血脂;
郁金:辛、苦、寒,归心、肝、胆经,活血止痛、行气解郁、凉血清心、利胆退黄,用于经闭痛经、胸腹胀痛、刺痛、热病神昏、癫痫发狂、黄疸尿赤;
木瓜:性平、微寒,味甘;归肝、脾经;助消化之余还能消暑解渴、润肺止咳;
谷芽:甘、平,归脾、胃经,消食和中、健脾开胃,用于食积不消、腹胀口臭、脾胃虚弱、不饥食少;
板蓝根:苦,寒;归肝;胃经;具有清热,解毒,凉血,利咽之功效;
麦芽:甘、平,消食和中、疏肝回乳,用于食积不消、脘腹胀痛、脾虚食少、乳汁郁积、乳房胀痛、妇女断乳;
车前子:甘;淡;性微寒;归肺经;肝经;肾经;膀胱经;清热利尿;渗湿止泻;明目;祛痰;
丹参:苦、微寒,活血祛瘀、凉血消痈、养血安神,用于月经不调、经闭痛经、症瘕积聚、胸腹刺痛、热痹疼痛、疮疡肿痛、肝脾肿大;
附子:辛、甘,大热;有毒。归心、肾、脾经;具有回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛之功效;
肉桂:性大热,味辛、甘;用于阳痿、宫冷、心腹冷痛、虚寒吐泻、经闭、痛经、温经通脉。
白术:苦、甘、温,补气健脾、燥湿利水、止汗安胎,用于脾虚食少、腹胀泄泻、痰饮眩悸、水肿;
水牛角粉:苦,寒;归心、肝经;清热解毒,凉血,定惊;用于温病高热,神昏谵语,发斑发疹,吐血衄血,惊风,癫狂。
五味子:酸、温,归肺、肾、心经,敛肺滋肾,生津敛汗,涩精止泻、宁心安神,用于久泻不止、津伤口渴、短气脉虚、内热消渴、心悸失眠;
青蒿:苦,辛,寒;归肝、胆经、三焦、肾经;清透虚热,凉血除蒸,除蒸,截疟;用于暑邪发热,阴虚发热,夜热早凉,骨蒸劳热,疟疾寒热,湿热黄疸。
金钱草:具有清热解毒,散瘀消肿,利湿退黄之功效,可用于热淋,沙淋,尿涩作痛,黄疸尿赤,痈肿疔疮,毒蛇咬伤,肝胆结石,尿路结石等症。
垂盆草:甘、淡、微酸、凉,清热解毒、利湿,用于湿热黄疸、小便不利、痈肿疮疡、急慢性肝炎;
蚤休:苦、微寒,有小毒,归肝经,清热解毒、消肿止痛、息风定惊,用于肝热生风、惊痫、热病神昏、抽搐;
虎杖:微苦,微寒;归肝、胆、肺经;清热解毒,利胆退黄,祛风利湿,散瘀定痛,止咳化痰;用于关节痹痛,湿热黄疸,经闭,癓瘕,咳嗽痰多,水火烫伤,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮毒。
贯众:苦,凉;杀蛔、绦、蛲虫,清热,解毒,凉血,止血;治风热感冒。温热斑疹,吐血,衄血,肠风便血,血痢,血崩,带下,疮疡,尿血,月经过多,刀伤出血。
土茯苓:甘,淡,平,归肝、胃经,解毒、除湿、利关节,用于湿热淋浊、带下、痈肿、瘰疬、疥癣、筋骨疼痛;
蒲公英:甘,微苦,寒;清热解毒,消肿散结;具有治疗痢疾,肝炎,胆襄炎等功效。
山楂:酸、甘、微温,归脾、胃、肝经,消食化积、活血散瘀,用于食滞不化、肉积不消、脘腹胀满、腹痛泄泻;
黄芪:甘、微温,归脾、肺经,补气升阳、益卫固表、拔毒生肌、利水退肿,用于气虚乏力、食少便溏、中气下陷、内热消渴、血虚萎黄、月经不调、眩晕、耳鸣、须发早白;
土元:味咸;性寒;小毒;归肝经:具有破血逐瘀;续筋接骨之功效;
泽兰:苦、辛,微温,活血祛瘀、利水消肿,用于血滞经闭、经性腹痛、月经不调、腹中包块;
杏仁:苦,微温;有小毒;具有止咳平喘之功效;
白花蛇舌草:微苦、甘、寒,归胃、大肠、小肠经,清热、利湿、解毒、消痈,用于痈肿疮毒、咽喉肿痛、毒蛇咬伤、热淋涩痛;
薄荷:辛、凉,归干、肺经,疏散风热、清利头目、利咽、透疹,用于肝气郁滞、胸闷、胁肋胀痛;
陈皮:性温,味辛、味苦;入脾经、胃经、肺经;具有理气健脾,调中,燥湿,化痰之功效。
红枣:微温,甘;具有补脾益气,养血安神之功效;
甘草:味甘甜,性平和,入心、脾、肺、胃四经;生用偏凉,可泻火解毒、缓急止痛;炙用偏温,能散表寒、补中益气;此外,甘草还善于调和药性,解百药之毒。
以上各原料药经辨证配伍,相互协同,起到疏肝健脾行气、益气养血活血、清热利湿解毒之功效,对出现面色晦暗、神疲乏力、消瘦纳差、口干口苦、泛恶呕吐、症瘕积聚,舌苔黄厚腻,脉弦细弱等症状的慢性肝炎患者疗效显著。
具体实施方式
按下述配比称取各原料药:
柴胡120g、川芎90g、生大黄100g、白芍90g、茵陈60g、郁金120g、木瓜80g、谷芽150g、板蓝根60g、麦芽150g、车前子20g、丹参150g、附子60g、肉桂40g、白术120g、水牛角粉90g、五味子90g、青蒿45g、金钱草45g、垂盆草200g、蚤休150g、虎杖50g、贯众70g、土茯苓150g、蒲公英50g、山楂150g、黄芪120g、土元100g、泽兰120g、杏仁180g、白花蛇舌草200g、薄荷120g、陈皮30g、红枣15g、甘草30g。
制备方法如下:
先取柴胡、白芍、郁金、木瓜、谷芽、麦芽、车前子、金钱草、蚤休、贯众、土茯苓、山楂、黄芪、泽兰、白花蛇舌草、薄荷共十六味原料药,加8倍量水煎煮两次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.10-1.15(60℃),然后加纯乙醇使含醇量达60%,静置过夜,吸取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.30-1.35(60℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,即得干膏一。
再取剩余十九味原料药,加6倍量质量百分浓度为70%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,并继续浓缩至相对密度1.30-1.35(60℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,即得干膏二。
取上述干膏一与干膏二,分别粉碎,然后混合,再加入淀粉,干膏一与干膏二的总重量与淀粉加入量的比值为1∶5,混合均匀,干燥;然后加入二氧化硅与微晶纤维素,干膏一与干膏二的总重量与二氧化硅加入量的比值为30∶1;干膏一与干膏二的总重量与微晶纤维素加入量的比值为10∶1,混合均匀,压制成复方片剂,3g/片,即得。
下面结合临床资料具体说明本发明的有益效果:
1.病例选择标准
纳入标准:(1)年龄在18~65岁的男性或女性;(2)符合慢性肝炎诊断标准,其参照中华医学会肝病专业组拟定标准。①慢性肝炎诊断标准;②慢性肝炎临床分期标准;③中医证候诊断参照《中药新药治疗慢性肝病的临床研究指导原则》的标准。(3)中医辩证参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》且属于肝郁脾虚、气血不足、湿热蕴结、毒邪内结证型。
排除标准:(1)诊断为急性肝炎患者;(2)妊娠或准备妊娠及哺乳期女;(3)合并有心、脑、肺、肾、造血系统等严重疾病,或有活动性结核病等消耗性疾病的患者,或肾移植术后者;(4)精神病患者、不能合作者。
2.一般资料
观察病例均为2011年10月到2012年09月青岛经济技术开发区第一人民医院住院及门诊患者,有完整病历资料,共108例。采用完全随机设计方案,应用随机数字表法,按患者就诊的先后顺序将其随机分为治疗组60例,男36例,女24例,年龄30~64岁,平均(48.4±10.2)岁,对照组48例,男28例,女20例,年龄31~65岁,平均(50.8±11.4)岁,各组患者一般资料及治疗前ALT、AST、GGT、Alb、TBIL、DBIL、IBIL及慢性肝炎其他相关实验室检查指标经均衡性比较,差异均无显著性意义(P﹥0.05),具有可比性。
3.治疗方法
所有患者均采用营养饮食,根据病情结合给予控制血压、血糖,调节电解质平衡等对症处理。在上述治疗基础上,治疗组给予本发明复方片剂,温水送服,每日3次,每次3片。对照组用异甘草酸镁注射液治疗,0.9%氯化钠注射液150ml+异甘草酸镁注射液150mg静脉点滴,每日1次。4周为一个疗程。
4.观察指标
临床症状与体征:乏力、口干口苦、食欲不振、面色晦暗,舌苔与脉象,及腹水等;实验室检查指标如:治疗前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT),谷草转氨酶(AST),谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT),碱性磷酸酶(ALP),总胆红素(TBIL),血清白蛋白(Alb)以及相关实验室检查指标。
5.疗效评价
参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中中药新药治疗慢性肝病临床研究指导原则并结合临床经验拟定疗效评定标准。临床痊愈:临床症状、体征消失或基本消失,主要理化指标正常;显效:临床症状、体征明显改善,主要理化指标基本正常;有效:临床症状、体征均有好转,主要理化指标基本正常;无效:临床症状、体征均无明显改善,甚或加重。
6.统计学方法
统计学处理使用SPSS13.0统计软件包,所有计量数据先进行方差齐性分析,证实方差齐后采用表示,组内比较应用t检验,等级资料采用Ridit分析,P﹤0.05视为有统计学意义。
7.结果
(1)两组间总体疗效比较如下表1。
表1
(2)两组间临床症状、体征疗效比较如下表2。
表2
(3)两组间治疗前后谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及谷氨酰转肽酶变化比较如下表3。
表3
(4)两组间治疗前后白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶及总胆红素变化比较如下表4。
表4
不良反应:
观察期内治疗组有部分病例服药后有轻微的胃部不适、大便次数增多等反应,适当减少剂量或饭后服药后大多消除,可继续进行观察;异甘草酸镁对照组,偶有低钾血症发生,适当口服氯化钾缓释片后,低钾血症可纠正,继续进行观察。治疗组为11.67%(7/60);对照组为12.50%(6/48),各组间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。
综上所述,以上应用本发明药物对60例慢性肝炎患者做治疗观察,取得显著疗效,而且治疗前后心、肺、肾功能及大小便检查,均未发现明显毒副作用,说明本发明药物服用安全,对人体无毒害作用。
Claims (1)
1.一种治疗慢性肝炎的中药,其特征在于它是由下述重量份的原料药制成:柴胡120份、川芎90份、生大黄100份、白芍90份、茵陈60份、郁金120份、木瓜80份、谷芽150份、板蓝根60份、麦芽150份、车前子20份、丹参150份、附子60份、肉桂40份、白术120份、水牛角粉90份、五味子90份、青蒿45份、金钱草45份、垂盆草200份、蚤休150份、虎杖50份、贯众70份、土茯苓150份、蒲公英50份、山楂150份、黄芪120份、土元100份、泽兰120份、杏仁180份、白花蛇舌草200份、薄荷120份、陈皮30份、红枣15份、甘草30份;其制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)按上述重量份称取三十五味原料药;
(2)取柴胡、白芍、郁金、木瓜、谷芽、麦芽、车前子、金钱草、蚤休、贯众、土茯苓、山楂、黄芪、泽兰、白花蛇舌草、薄荷共十六味原料药,加8倍量水煎煮两次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.10-1.15,然后加乙醇使含醇量达60%,静置过夜,吸取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度1.30-1.35的稠膏,减压干燥,即得干膏一;
(3)再取剩余十九味原料药,加6倍量浓度为70%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇至无醇味,并继续浓缩至相对密度1.30-1.35的稠膏,减压干燥,即得干膏二;
(4)取上述干膏一与干膏二,分别粉碎,然后混合,再加入淀粉,混合均匀,干燥,然后加入二氧化硅与微晶纤维素,混合均匀,压片,即得;
步骤(4)中:干膏一与干膏二的总重量与淀粉加入量的比值为1∶5~1∶10;干膏一与干膏二的总重量与二氧化硅加入量的比值为20∶1~30∶1;干膏一与干膏二的总重量与微晶纤维素加入量的比值为10∶1~15∶1。
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