CN103600815B - A kind of self-discharge bulk carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-unloading bulk carrier, aiming to provide a self-unloading system that can not only effectively increase the cargo capacity of the cargo hold, but also enable the materials in the cargo hold to be completely output from the discharge port under the action of its own weight. bulk carrier. It includes a cargo hold arranged on the hull and a bottom tank located below the cargo tank. The bottom surface of the cargo tank is flat, and a number of strip-shaped discharge openings are arranged side by side on the bottom surface of the cargo tank, and the bottom tank directly below each discharge opening Conveyor belts are respectively provided inside, and discharge flaps are respectively provided on the bottom surface of the cargo hold, on the left and right sides of each discharge port, and the discharge flaps on the left and right sides of each discharge port are respectively hinged on the edge of the discharge port, Each unloading flap leans against the bottom surface of the cargo hold; among each unloading flap, the two unloading flaps located between two adjacent discharge openings overlap each other; Turning device for flipping the board around the hinge axis. <b />

Description

self-unloading bulk carrier

technical field

The invention relates to a bulk carrier, in particular to a self-unloading bulk carrier.

Background technique

Self-unloading bulk carrier is a kind of self-unloading ship with unloading device in the hull itself, which can unload materials to the wharf. It has a special cargo hold structure and unloading equipment, and can unload in a continuous delivery mode. Self-unloading bulk carriers are widely used because of their ability to concentrate on unloading operations and realize high-speed automatic unloading.

The typical unloading system of the current self-unloading bulk carrier is a self-unloading system with a belt conveyor as the main body. The self-unloading system usually includes a feeding device, a conveyor belt, a lifting mechanism, etc., and the feeding device usually includes a Conical or bucket-shaped cargo hold for materials. Its working process is usually to feed the bulk cargo stored in the conical or bucket-shaped cargo hold to the longitudinal conveyor belt located at the bottom of the bilge through several hydraulically operated switch gates by gravity, and send it to the bow or tail of the ship. Then the goods are fed into the endless belt conveyor and lifted to the deck level, and then delivered to the receiving device or storage yard on the shore through the conveyor belt on the unloading arm. In this kind of self-unloading system with belt conveyor as the main body, in order to make the materials in the cargo hold more thoroughly fed on the conveyor belt located at the bottom of the bilge, the cargo hold is usually set in a cone or bucket shape; the cone or bucket shape cargo hold Although it can feed most of the materials in it to the conveyor belt, it greatly reduces the cargo capacity of the cargo hold, at least 1/3 of the cargo capacity compared with ordinary flat-bottomed cargo tanks. On the other hand, although the conical or bucket-shaped cargo hold can feed most of the materials in it to the conveyor belt, some materials will still be attached to the surface of the cargo hold, which is difficult to output by its own weight, and often requires manual operation to clean up. This part of the material makes it output.

For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101239652, published on August 13, 2008, is a self-unloading bulk carrier and a self-unloading method for bulk materials. The bottom of the warehouse is conical; the bottom warehouse of the warehouse is longitudinally or horizontally provided with one or two or more rows with multiple controllable discharge ports. This application also has the problem that the cargo capacity of the cargo compartment is reduced, and the material is easily attached to the surface of the cargo compartment and is difficult to output by its own weight, and manual operation is required to clean up this part of the material.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the cargo compartment in the self-unloading system in which the belt conveyor is the main body in the prior art, which not only greatly reduces the cargo capacity of the cargo compartment, but also easily attaches materials on the surface of the cargo compartment and is difficult to rely on its own weight to output. The problem of man-made operation to output this part of the material is to provide a self-unloading bulk carrier that can not only effectively increase the cargo capacity of the cargo hold, but also enable the materials in the cargo hold to be completely discharged from the discharge port under the action of its own weight. .

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

A self-unloading bulk carrier, comprising a cargo hold arranged on the hull and a hold below the hold, the bottom surface of the hold is flat, and several strip-shaped discharge openings are arranged side by side on the bottom surface of the hold, and each Conveyor belts are respectively provided in the bilge directly below the discharge port. The discharge port extends longitudinally from the bow to the stern. On the bottom surface of the cargo hold, there are discharge turning points on the left and right sides of each discharge port. and the discharge flaps on the left and right sides of each discharge port are respectively hinged on the edge of the discharge port, and each discharge flap is against the bottom surface of the cargo hold; each discharge flap is located between two adjacent discharge ports The two discharge flaps in the middle overlap each other; the hull is provided with a flip actuator that can turn each discharge flap around the hinge shaft; the top surface of each discharge flap is provided with a cover discharge flap On the top surface of the tarpaulin, on each discharge flap, there are a number of guide holes perpendicular to the hinge shaft of the discharge flap on the side facing the discharge port, and the discharge flaps on the left and right sides of each discharge port The guide holes on the top are staggered; the top surface of the discharge flap is provided with a number of strip-shaped notches corresponding to each guide hole, the strip-shaped notches are parallel to the guide holes, and the strip-shaped notches are connected with the guide holes; The guide hole is slidably provided with an elastic jitter plate, and in the guide hole, between the bottom surface of the guide hole and the elastic jitter plate, is provided with a tension spring that enables the elastic jitter plate to move in the guide hole. Each elastic jitter plate, The end far away from the tension spring is provided with an upwardly extending baffle, which is located outside the guide hole and leans against the port of the guide hole; on the upper surface of the elastic vibration plate, there are several discharge flaps equidistantly distributed. The top surface is perpendicular to the knocking rod, the end of each knocking rod passes through the strip-shaped gap and is located above the top surface of the discharge flap, and the end of each knocking rod is against the tarpaulin; when the discharge flap is When the upward turning angle of the bottom surface of the cargo hold is greater than A degree, the elastic shaking plate slides down along the guide hole, and the lower end of the baffle plate and the elastic shaking plate is stretched into the discharge port.

The cargo hold in this scheme is a flat-bottomed cargo hold, which greatly increases the cargo capacity of the cargo hold compared with the conical cargo hold; at the same time, since the left and right sides of each discharge port on the bottom surface of the cargo hold in this scheme are respectively equipped with discharge flaps, Like this, after most of the materials in the cargo hold are output by the discharge port, the discharge flap can be turned up from the bottom surface of the cargo hold, so that the materials stranded at the bottom of the hold are output under the action of its own weight.

On the other hand, when the upward turning angle of the discharge flap from the bottom surface of the cargo hold is greater than A degree, the elastic shaking plate slides down along the guide hole, and the lower end of the baffle plate and the elastic shaking plate extends into the discharge opening; When the material on the discharge flap slides down into the discharge port, the material will hit the elastic vibration plate and the baffle located in the discharge port, causing the elastic vibration plate to vibrate irregularly, especially when the particles of the material are large (for example, coal ore, etc.) the elastic shaking plate will produce more irregular shaking; and in the shaking process of the elastic shaking plate, it will drive the knocking rod on it to continuously hit the tarpaulin, so that the The materials on the top are loosened and separated, and are output by sliding down the discharge flap by their own weight, so that the materials in the cargo hold can be completely output from the discharge port.

As a preference, a material guide outlet corresponding to the discharge port is provided below each discharge port, and a switch gate is provided on each material guide outlet; a suspension rope is respectively provided on each elastic shaking plate and one end close to the baffle plate, A beating ball is arranged on the sling, and the beating ball is suspended in the material guide outlet. In the process of material falling from the material guide outlet, the material will continuously hit the beating ball, which will intensify the vibration of the elastic jitter plate, which is beneficial to loosen and separate the material attached to the tarpaulin.

Preferably, the switch gate includes two rams symmetrically arranged below the material guide outlet, the two rams are respectively hinged on the opposite sides of the material guide outlet, and a push valve for switching the gate is respectively provided between each ram and the hull. Oil cylinder, the cylinder body end that promotes oil cylinder is hinged on the hull, and the piston rod end that promotes oil cylinder is hinged on gate plate.

As a preference, a first limit stop is provided on the inner surface of each guide hole near its port, and the first limit stop is located above the elastic jitter plate; The second limit stopper corresponding to the position stopper, and the second limit stopper is located between the baffle plate and the knocking rod close to the baffle plate, on the side of the guide hole port on the second limit stopper With V-shaped shrapnel.

Since the side of the second limit stop facing the port of the guide hole is provided with a V-shaped shrapnel, when the elastic vibration plate slides down a certain distance along the guide hole, the second limit stop of the elastic vibration plate will be close to the port of the guide hole At this time, the V-shaped shrapnel is located between the limit block and the limit stop; when the material will hit the baffle in the discharge port, the plate will elastically vibrate under the action of the V-shaped shrapnel There will be up and down telescopic movement, thereby driving the knocking rod to move up and down, further increasing the impact force of the knocking rod on the tarpaulin.

As preferably, a connecting chain connecting the two discharge flaps and a seal for sealing the gap between the two discharge flaps are provided between the opposite sides of the two discharge flaps between adjacent two discharge ports. A tarpaulin sheet, and the width of the tarpaulin sheet is greater than the length of the connecting chain.

The cover cloth in this scheme not only covers the gap between the two overlapping discharge flaps, so that the material will not be exposed from the gap between the two discharge flaps; and the cover cloth is soft The component will not affect the overlapping of the two discharge flaps; and the setting of the connecting chain can not only protect the cover cloth from being torn by the tension between the two discharge flaps, but also connect the chain between the two adjacent discharge ports. The two discharge flaps between the two discharge ports are connected as a whole, so that the two discharge flaps between the two adjacent discharge ports only need to have a discharge flap with a flip device, and the other end of the discharge flap can be driven by the connecting chain. The board is turned over, thereby reducing the production cost.

As a preference, the overturning actuator is arranged on the hull above the cargo hold, the overturning actuator includes a shaft fixed on the hull above the cargo hold through a bearing seat, a drive motor for driving the rotation of the shaft, and several fixedly arranged on the shaft The winding wheel on the upper side and the rope wound on the winding wheel, the shaft rod is perpendicular to the discharge port; among the discharge flaps, the two discharge flaps on the left side and the right side of the cargo hold The reels are respectively provided, and one end of the rope on the reels extends downwards and is fixed on the discharge flap below the reels; There is the reel, and one end of the rope on the reel extends downwards and is fixed on one of the two discharge flaps between two adjacent discharge openings, and the discharge flap The material flap is the discharge flap superimposed on the top among the two overlapping discharge flaps.

As preferably, the discharge port and the discharge flap are rectangular, and the width of the discharge flap between two adjacent discharge ports is greater than half of the distance between two adjacent discharge ports, and less than two adjacent discharge ports. 3/4 of the distance between the openings; the length of the connecting chain is between 1/10 and 1/15 of the distance between two adjacent discharge openings.

Preferably, the baffle is perpendicular to the elastic shaking plate, and the side of the baffle facing the port of the guide hole is a guiding slope. The perpendicularity between the baffle plate and the elastic jitter plate can increase the impact force of the material on the baffle plate, thereby increasing the jitter force of the elastic jitter plate; and the side of the baffle plate facing the port of the guide hole is a guide slope, which allows the material to slide along the guide slope. Move to avoid material stagnation between the baffle plate and the elastic shaking plate.

As preferably, an upwardly extending flap is provided at one side of the discharge flap between the side of the bottom surface of the cargo hold and the adjacent discharge port, and the flap is connected to the opposite sides of the discharge port and the discharge flap. side, and the outer side of the flap is close to or against the side of the cargo hold.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: not only can effectively increase the loading capacity of the cargo hold, but also can make the materials in the cargo hold completely output from the discharge port under the action of its own weight.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a self-unloading bulk carrier in the unloading process of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial top view of FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the discharge flap of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view of the discharge flap of the present invention after it is turned up.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a self-unloading bulk carrier includes a cargo hold arranged on the hull and a hold below the cargo hold 1 . The bottom surface of the cargo compartment 1 is a plane. The cross-section of the cargo compartment is rectangular. Two strip-shaped discharge openings 2 are arranged side by side on the bottom surface of the cargo hold 1, and conveyor belts 8 are respectively provided in the bottom cabin directly below each discharge opening. The conveyor belt is a conveyor belt of a belt conveyor in the prior art. The strip-shaped discharge port is longitudinally extended from the bow to the stern. The discharge port 2 is rectangular, and the discharge port extends from one side of the bottom surface of the cargo hold to the opposite side. The conveyor belt 8 is parallel to the discharge port 2 . A material guide outlet 3 corresponding to the discharge port is respectively provided below each discharge port. The cross section of the material guide outlet 3 is rectangular, and the size and shape of the cross section of the material guide outlet are the same as those of the discharge port. Each material guide outlet 3 is provided with a switch gate 5 . The switch gate includes two gate plates 51a, 51b symmetrically arranged below the material guide outlet. The two flashboards are respectively hinged on opposite sides of the material guide outlet. A push oil cylinder 52 for opening and closing the gate is respectively provided between each flashboard and the hull. The end of the cylinder body that promotes the oil cylinder is hinged on the hull, and the end of the piston rod that promotes the oil cylinder is hinged on the gate.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, on the bottom surface of the cargo hold 1, the left and right sides of each discharge port 2 are respectively provided with discharge flaps 4, and the discharge flaps 4 on the left and right sides of each discharge port The plates 4 are respectively hinged on the edge of the discharge port 2 . The unloading flap is rectangular. Each discharge flap abuts against the bottom surface of the cargo hold. There is an upwardly extending flap 9 on one side of the discharge flap 4 between the side of the bottom of the cargo hold and the adjacent discharge port, that is, the side of the discharge flap outside the two discharge ports. There are flaps extending upwards. The flap is opposite to the discharge opening and the discharge flap, and the outer side of the flap 9 is close to the side of the cargo hold or against the side of the cargo hold. Among the discharge flaps 4, the two discharge flaps located between two adjacent discharge ports 2 overlap each other, that is, the two discharge flaps between the two discharge ports 2 overlap each other. The width of the discharge flap 4 between two discharge ports 2 is greater than half of the distance between two adjacent discharge ports, and less than 3/4 of the distance between two adjacent discharge ports. In the present embodiment, the width of the two discharge flaps between the two discharge ports is the same, and the width of the two discharge flaps between the adjacent two discharge ports is the distance between the adjacent two discharge ports 3/ 5. Between the opposite sides of the two discharge flaps 4 between adjacent two discharge ports, there is a connecting chain 11 connecting the two discharge flaps and a cover for sealing the gap between the two discharge flaps. Cloth sheet 12, and the width of covering cloth sheet is greater than the length of connecting chain. The length of the connecting chain is 1/10 or 1/12 or 1/15 of the distance between two adjacent discharge openings.

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the top surface of each discharge flap 4 is provided with a tarpaulin 10 covering the top surface of the discharge flap. On each discharge flap 4, some guide holes 48 perpendicular to the hinge axis of the discharge flap are provided on the side of the discharge port 2. The guide holes 48 on the discharge flaps 4 on the left and right sides of each discharge port 2 are distributed in a staggered manner. The cross section of the guide holes is rectangular. The top surface of the discharge flap 4 is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped notches 43 corresponding to each guide hole one by one. The strip-shaped notch is parallel to the guide hole, and the strip-shaped notch communicates with the guide hole. An elastic vibration plate 41 is slidably disposed in the guide hole 48 . The material of the elastic dithering plate is spring steel, and the back of the elastic dithering plate is 4 mm or 5 mm or 6 mm. In the guide hole 48 , between the bottom surface of the guide hole and the elastic jitter plate 5 , there is a tension spring 49 which can make the elastic jitter plate move into the guide hole. One end of the extension spring is fixed on the bottom surface of the guide hole, and the other end is fixed on the end of the elastic shaking plate. An upwardly extending baffle plate 42 is provided on each elastic vibrating plate 41 at the end away from the tension spring. The baffle is perpendicular to the elastic dithering plate. The baffle is positioned outside the pilot hole and rests against the pilot hole port. The side of the baffle plate 42 facing the port of the guide hole is a guide slope. The upper surface of the elastic shaking plate 41 is equidistantly distributed with some knocking rods 44 perpendicular to the top surface of the discharge flap. The end of each knocking rod passes through the strip-shaped gap 43 and is located above the top surface of the discharge flap, and the end of each knocking rod 44 abuts against the tarpaulin 10 . On each elastic shaking plate 41 , one end close to the baffle plate 42 is respectively provided with a suspension rope 13 . The sling is provided with a beating ball 14, and the beating ball is suspended in the material guide outlet 3. A first limit block 47 is provided on the inner side of each guide hole 48 near its port, and the first limit block is located above the elastic vibration plate. The upper surface of the elastic vibration plate 41 is provided with a second limit stop 45 corresponding to the first limit stop, and the second limit stop is located between the baffle plate and the knocking rod close to the baffle plate. A V-shaped elastic piece 46 is arranged on the side of the second limit block 45 facing the port of the guide hole.

When the upward turning angle of the discharge flap 41 from the bottom surface of the cargo hold is greater than A degree, the elastic shaking plate slides down along the guide hole 48 until the V-shaped shrapnel 46 on the second limit block 45 abuts against the first limit stop. On the position block 47; now the lower end of the baffle plate 42 and the elastic shaking plate 41 stretches into the discharge port 2. A degree is 40 degrees or 30 degrees or 20 degrees or 15 degrees.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the hull is provided with an overturning device that can make each unloading flap 4 overturn around the hinge shaft. The overturning actuator is arranged on the hull above the cargo hold 1 . The overturning actuator includes a shaft 7 fixed on the hull above the cargo hold by a bearing seat 61, a drive motor 6 for driving the rotation of the shaft, a number of reels 71 fixedly arranged on the shaft and wound on the reel. 72 on the rope. Shaft 7 is perpendicular to the discharge port. In each discharge flap 4, above the two discharge flaps on the left side and the right side of the cargo hold are respectively provided with the described winding wheel 71, and an end of the rope 72 on the winding wheel extends downwards and Fixed on the discharge flap below the reel. The top between two adjacent discharge ports 2 is also respectively provided with said reel 71, and one end of the rope 72 on the reel extends downwards and is fixed on two discharge ports between adjacent two discharge ports. one of the discharge flaps, and the discharge flap is the discharge flap superimposed on the top of the two overlapping discharge flaps.

The specific mode of operation of the unloading device of the self-unloading bulk carrier of the present invention is as follows:

Materials are stored in hold 1. Because the cargo hold is a flat-bottomed cargo hold, it greatly increases the cargo capacity of the cargo hold compared with the conical cargo hold.

When unloading, the switch gate 5 is opened, and the material is fed into the conveyor belt 8 through the discharge port 2, and is output by the conveyor belt. When most of the materials in the cargo hold 1 are output from the discharge port 2, the discharge flap 4 is turned upwards from the bottom of the cargo hold by the turning actuator, so that the materials remaining at the bottom of the cargo hold slide down along the discharge flap output.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 7, when the upward turning angle of the discharge flap 4 from the bottom surface of the cargo hold is greater than A degree, the elastic shaking plate 41 slides down along the guide hole 48 under its own weight until the second limit The V-shaped shrapnel 46 on the block 45 abuts against the first limit block 47 ; at this time, the lower end of the baffle plate 42 and the elastic vibration plate 41 extends into the discharge port 2 . When the material on the discharge flap 4 slides down into the discharge port 2, the material will hit the elastic vibration plate 41 and the baffle plate 42 located in the discharge port, causing the elastic vibration plate to vibrate irregularly, especially When the particles of the material are larger (for example, coal ore, etc.), the elastic shaking plate will produce more irregular shaking; and in the shaking process of the elastic shaking plate 41, it will drive the knocking rod 44 on it to continuously hit the canopy. Cloth 10, so that the materials attached to the tarpaulin are loosened and separated, and rely on their own weight to slide and output along the discharge flap, so that the materials in the cargo compartment can be completely output from the discharge port.

After the materials in the cargo hold are completely output from the discharge port, the discharge flap is turned downwards from the bottom of the cargo hold by the turning actuator, and the discharge flap is made to abut against the bottom of the cargo hold. At the same time, close the switch gate.

Claims (9)

1. A self-unloading bulk carrier, comprising a cargo hold (1) arranged on the hull and a hold below the hold, the bottom surface of the hold is flat, and several strip-shaped unloading ports are arranged side by side on the bottom surface of the hold. material openings (2), and conveyor belts (8) are respectively provided in the bilges directly below each discharge opening. . There are discharge flaps (4) on the left and right sides of each discharge port (2), and the discharge flaps on the left and right sides of each discharge port are respectively hinged on the edge of the discharge port. Lean against the bottom surface of the cargo hold; among the discharge flaps, the two discharge flaps located between two adjacent discharge ports overlap each other; the hull is provided with a hinge that can make each discharge flap turn around the hinge axis flip actuator; The top surface of each discharge flap (4) is provided with a tarpaulin (10) covering the top surface of the discharge flap. The guide holes (48) perpendicular to the hinge axis of the plate, and the guide holes on the discharge flaps on the left and right sides of each discharge port are staggered; The strip-shaped gap (43), the strip-shaped gap is parallel to the guide hole, and the strip-shaped gap is connected with the guide hole; the elastic vibration plate (41) is slidable in the guide hole, and the guide hole is located in the guide hole. A tension spring (49) is provided between the bottom surface of the hole and the elastic jitter plate to guide the elastic jitter plate to move in the hole, and each elastic jitter plate is provided with an upwardly extending baffle plate ( 42), the baffle is located outside the guide hole, and leans against the port of the guide hole; on the upper surface of the elastic shaking plate (41), there are several knocking rods (44) perpendicular to the top surface of the discharge flap distributed equidistantly ), the ends of each knocking rod pass through the strip-shaped gap and are located above the top surface of the unloading flap, and the ends of each knocking rod are against the tarpaulin; when the unloading flap is turned upward from the bottom of the cargo hold When the angle is greater than degree A, the elastic shaking plate slides down along the guide hole, and the lower end of the baffle plate and the elastic shaking plate extends into the discharge port. 2. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that there are material guide outlets (3) corresponding to the discharge ports below each discharge port, and each material guide The outlet is provided with a switch gate; each elastic shaking plate and one end close to the baffle are respectively provided with a sling (13), and the sling is provided with a hitting ball (14), and the hitting ball is suspended in the material guide outlet. 3. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 2, characterized in that the switch gate includes two gates (51a, 51b) symmetrically arranged below the material guide outlet, and the two gates are respectively hinged On the opposite sides of the material guide outlet, push cylinders (52) for switching gates are respectively provided between each flashboard and the hull, the cylinder body end of the push cylinder is hinged on the hull, and the piston rod end of the push cylinder Hinged on the gate. 4. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that a first limit stopper (47) is provided on the inner side of each guide hole (48) near its port, and the first stopper (47) A limit stop is located above the elastic jitter plate; the upper surface of the elastic wobble plate (41) is provided with a second limit stop (45) corresponding to the first limit stop, and the second limit stop The block is located between the baffle plate and the knocking rod close to the baffle plate, and a V-shaped shrapnel (46) is provided on the side of the second limit block facing the port of the guide hole. 5. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that, between the opposite sides of the two discharge flaps (4) between two adjacent discharge ports (2) The connecting chain (11) connecting the two discharge flaps and the covering cloth sheet (12) used to cover the gap between the two discharging flaps, and the width of the covering cloth sheet is greater than the length of the connecting chain. 6. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 5, characterized in that, the overturning actuator is arranged on the hull above the cargo hold, and the overturning actuator includes a bearing seat (61) fixed above the cargo hold Shaft (7) on the hull, a drive motor (6) for driving the shaft to rotate, a number of winding wheels (71) fixed on the shaft and ropes (72) wound on the winding wheel, The shaft rod is perpendicular to the discharge port; among the discharge flaps, above the two discharge flaps (4) on the left side and the right side of the cargo hold, the above-mentioned winding wheels (71) are respectively arranged, And one end of the rope on the reel extends downwards and is fixed on the discharge flap below the reel; above the two adjacent discharge ports (2) are respectively provided with the reels , and one end of the rope on the reel extends downward and is fixed on one of the two discharge flaps between two adjacent discharge ports, and the discharge flaps overlap each other Among the two unloading flaps, the unloading flap superimposed on the top. 7. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, the discharge port and the discharge flap are rectangular, and the discharge flap between two adjacent discharge ports The width of the connecting chain is greater than half of the distance between two adjacent discharge ports and less than 3/4 of the distance between two adjacent discharge ports; the length of the connecting chain is 1 Between /10 and 1/15. 8. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, wherein the baffle is perpendicular to the elastic shaking plate, and the baffle is guided toward The sides of the hole ports are guide ramps. 9. A self-unloading bulk carrier according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that the discharge flap between the side of the bottom surface of the cargo hold and the adjacent discharge port There is an upwardly extending flap (9) on one side of the flap, the flap is on the opposite sides of the discharge opening and the discharge flap, and the outer side of the flap is close to the side of the cargo hold or against the side of the cargo hold .