CN103579692A - Storage battery restoration system and restoration method thereof - Google Patents
Storage battery restoration system and restoration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103579692A CN103579692A CN201210258598.5A CN201210258598A CN103579692A CN 103579692 A CN103579692 A CN 103579692A CN 201210258598 A CN201210258598 A CN 201210258598A CN 103579692 A CN103579692 A CN 103579692A
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a storage battery restoration system. The system comprises a database, a charge-discharge control device, a discharging device and a charging device. Externals of the charging device and the discharging device are connected to a storage battery to be restored, and internals of the charging device and the discharging device are separately connected to the charge-discharge control device. The charge-discharge control device is connected to the database device a data line. A storage battery restoration method provided by the invention can select a restoration manner of determining a charging amount and a charging procedure according to actual discharging data of different storage batteries, thus improving restoration effects of the storage batteries effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to storage battery field, particularly a kind of accumulator repairing system and restorative procedure thereof.
Background technology
The battery that storage battery general term can repeated charge be used, claims again secondary cell.On Vehicles Collected from Market, storage battery consumption maximum is lead accumulator, its manufactured materials wide material sources, cheap, and there is the electric property advantages such as safe and reliable, capacity is large, strength of discharge is large.In various types of storage batterys of actual use at present, have lead accumulator organic efficiency only and can reach 99%, material resources almost can recycle by full repeatability, meets the development trend of environmental protection.At present, lead accumulator occupies absolute dominant position in high-power/large capacity such as electrically propelled traction vehicle, car and boat starting, communication equipment station, energy storage field.
But lead accumulator has again defect shorter, that easily scrap in advance in useful life.Take traction battery as example, and current China only electric bicycle industry just need to be used the lead accumulator of 600,000,000 left and right every year.Due to lead accumulator, discarded phenomenon is serious in advance, and average life cycle only has 12～15 months, and therefore, only 1 year discarded amount of batteries of electric bicycle industry is just over 500,000,000.Add other industry, annual discarded lead accumulator quantity is surprising.
To lead accumulator reparation, be to avoid lead accumulator to scrap in advance, extend battery, reduce a kind of feasible technological means of the wasting of resources.In prior art, there is the multiple method that lead accumulator is repaired, comprising: rich solution boost charge method, positive/negative pulse charge method, multistage segmentation intelligent charging method, high temperature are shelved method etc.Dissimilar restorative procedure need to be done different technical finesses to the battery of different capabilities attenuation state, due to the diversity of lead accumulator restorative procedure, the diversity of the state of the diversity of repair materials and battery to be repaired, the technical staff who implements lead accumulator reparation need to have more rich technical experience, need to there is deep understanding to emerging several functions material and know-why method in recent years, need to have strict control to lead accumulator repair process.Exactly because storage battery reparation has relatively strict requirement to technology, in general, the whole repairing effect of current lead accumulator is unsatisfactory, and remediation efficiency is very low.For the above reasons, in prior art, still lack and can complete automatically, efficiently the equipment that lead accumulator is repaired.
Except lead accumulator, the secondary cell of other type, as lithium battery, Ni-MH battery etc., because owing in use procedure safeguarded charging or charging constant voltage value is too high, too high the overcharging of causing of ambient temperature, capital makes battery discarded in advance, by special charge and discharge system, can make capacity obtain and recover to a certain extent to continue to use, its repair process equally can be in the waste to a certain degree reducing material resources and the product manufacture energy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect that still lacks the equipment that can complete automatically, efficiently storage battery reparation in prior art, thereby provide a kind of, can realize the system that storage battery is repaired.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of accumulator repairing system, comprise database 1, discharge and recharge control appliance 7, discharge equipment 2 and charging device 3; Wherein, described charging device 3 and discharge equipment 2 are connected respectively to the positive and negative end of storage battery 6 outside to be repaired, described charging device 3 is also connected respectively to described discharging and recharging on control appliance 7 with discharge equipment 2, and the described control appliance 7 that discharges and recharges is connected to described database 1;
Described discharge equipment 2 according to described in discharge and recharge the instruction that control appliance 7 sends described storage battery 6 carried out to discharge operation, and return to corresponding data to described charging/discharging apparatus 7; Described data comprise: described storage battery 6 is with mark rule rated current I
einitial 1%T discharges
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V that in time, sampling obtains
01, be discharged to mark rule final voltage V
0time value T
0with average voltage level V
02, and electric discharge suspends T
1the real-time voltage value V of time feedbacking
1; Wherein, described T
1value be 0.5～5%T
nominal rating;
Described charging device 3 according to described in discharge and recharge the instruction that control appliance 7 sends described storage battery 6 carried out to charging operations, described charging operations comprises the electric weight that is filled with appointment to described storage battery 6;
Described discharges and recharges control appliance 7 according to the V of feedback
01, V
02, T
0and V
1value reads the corresponding relation between reparation charge volume C stored in itself and described database 1, according to this corresponding relation, select repair mode, the corresponding order of selected repair mode is read and sent to described charging device 3 by the described control appliance 7 that discharges and recharges from described database 1; Described reparation charge volume C and described T
0corresponding relation be C=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal; Wherein, m=1.1～1.3; N=1.0～3.5, its span is by V
01, V
02and V
1value jointly determine;
Described I
e, V
0, T
nominal ratingwith C
nominalknown value for national technical standard regulation.
The present invention also provides the storage battery restorative procedure of realizing on a kind of accumulator repairing system based on described, comprising:
Step 1), the constant voltage and current limiting mode of take are full of electricity as storage battery to be repaired, and then standing a period of time, described time of repose is greater than 10 minutes;
Step 2), set with I
eintensity, final voltage V
0detect electric discharge, electromotive force E before being discharged, initial 1%T discharges
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V that in time, sampling obtains
01, be discharged to final voltage V
0time value T
0with average voltage level V
02and be discharged to V
0rear no-load running T
1the real-time voltage value V of time
1;
Step 3), according to step 2) resulting data determine storage battery to be repaired are repaired to needed reparation charge volume C while charging;
Step 4), according to step 2) data of the reparation charge volume C that obtains of the data that obtain and step 3) charge stage by stage, realize the reparation to storage battery.
In technique scheme, in described step 2) afterwards, before step 4), also comprise:
Step a), according to step 2) data that obtain determine the failure mode of storage battery to be repaired, according to different failure modes, are that described storage battery to be repaired adds repair materials, and supply electrolyte for storage battery.
In technique scheme, in described step a), described is that described lead accumulator interpolation repair materials to be repaired comprises according to different failure modes:
Step a-1), when storage battery to be repaired meets the mono-lattice of E≤2.15V/, V
01the mono-lattice of≤2.05V/, V
02the mono-lattice of≤1.99V/, V
1during at least two of four features of the mono-lattice of≤2.00V/, execution step a-2); When storage battery to be repaired meets the mono-lattice of E > 2.23V/, V
01the mono-lattice of > 2.10V/, V
02the mono-lattice of > 2.02V/, V
1during at least two of four features of the mono-lattice of > 2.05V/, execution step a-3); Non-above-mentioned two kinds of typicalnesses performance, execution step a-4);
Step a-2), be the repair materials of the additional anti-pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization of storage battery to be repaired, then finish the operation of this step;
Step a-3), be the softening repair materials of the additional inhibition plate active material of storage battery to be repaired, then finish the operation of this step;
Step a-4), be first additional anti-vulcanizing material of storage battery to be repaired, by charging, administer pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization, and then additional die bond material is administered plate active material by charging and is softened.
In technique scheme, described step 2) comprising:
Step 2-1), by V
01with mark rule final voltage value V
0compare, if V
01> V
0, with rated current intensity I
ebe discharged to V
0, record T discharge time
0; If E < is V
0or V
01﹦ V
0, record and be worth T discharge time
0=0;
Step 2-2), by storage battery to be repaired with I
ecurrent strength is discharged to V
0time, unloaded T
1time, record is the real-time voltage value V of bounce-back now
1;
Step 2-3), to storage battery deep discharge to be repaired to V
2, then the intensity of discharging current is successively decreased stage by stage and is continued deep discharge to V
2, V
2≤ 80%V
0/ mono-lattice; Wherein, the intensity of described discharging current is successively decreased and is comprised stage by stage: I
e1/2 decile of current strength successively decreases, or successively decreases with arbitrary form, last rank current strength preferably≤0.05C
nominal/ A.
In technique scheme, the reparation charge volume C of described step 3), with described T
0corresponding relation be C=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal; M=1.1～1.3 wherein, n=1.0～3.5, the span of n according to storage battery kind in conjunction with V
01, V
02, V
1value interval and determine, lead accumulator is comprised:
I, storage battery to be repaired meet V
01the mono-lattice of≤2.05V/, V
02during the mono-lattice any one of≤1.99V/ feature, n value 2.5～3.5: wherein, V
1n value 2.9～3.5 during the mono-lattice of < 2.0V/, V
1n value 2.5～2.9 during the mono-lattice of>=2.0V/;
Ii, storage battery to be repaired meet V
01the mono-lattice of > 2.10V/, V
02during the mono-lattice any one of>=2.02V/ feature, n value 1.0～1.8: wherein, V
1n value 1.0～1.3 during the mono-lattice of>=2.05V/, V
1n value 1.3～1.8 during the mono-lattice of < 2.05V/;
Iii, non-above-mentioned two class state tables are current, n value 1.8～2.5.
In technique scheme, described step 4) comprises lead accumulator:
Step 4-1), according to the discharge data V of battery to be repaired
01, V
1value is chosen the current strength of initial charge in conjunction with the electromotive force E before discharging, for E < V
0, V
01=V
0or V
1the storage battery to be repaired of the mono-lattice of>=2.05V/, preferably use≤0.06C/A carries out initial charge 0.5～4 hour or charges to the mono-lattice of both end voltage>=2.0V/ of storage battery, then shift step 4-2); The storage battery of non-above-mentioned situation directly carries out step 4-2) charging;
Step 4-2), to storage battery to be repaired with 0.08～0.25C/A current charges, until be filled with the charge volume of 70～95%C/Ah, then shift step 4-3) charging;
Step 4-3), to storage battery to be repaired with 0.03～0.06C/A low current charge, until be filled with by discharge data V
01, V
02, T
0, V
1common definite C/Ah charge volume, makes storage battery recover normal capacity.
At described step 4-2) in, charging process is preferably divided into two or more stages, and between different phase, space changing is less than or equal to low current charge or the dormancy of 0.03C/A, or shallow discharge is set.
In technique scheme, the current strength≤I of described shallow discharge
e, discharge electricity amount≤0.5C/Ah; When shallow discharge is set, this negative charge volume supplements back at after-stage charging moderate, described by C=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominalthe surplus charge volume of definite reparation is constant.
The invention has the advantages that:
Storage battery restorative procedure of the present invention can be selected a kind of repair mode of determining charge volume and program according to discharge characteristic data automatically for the virtual condition of different batteries, has improved the repair rate of storage battery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the foundation structure schematic diagram of accumulator repairing system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the change in voltage curve of a 6DZM12 inefficacy storage battery constant current deep discharge;
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of the discharge equipment in battery repair system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of a kind of deep discharge method of adopting of the discharge equipment in battery repair system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the workflow diagram of the charging device in battery repair system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be embodiment 1 according to battery discharging data the corresponding charging current curve that charge volume is set;
Fig. 7 be embodiment 2 according to battery discharging data the corresponding charging current curve that charge volume is set;
Fig. 8 be embodiment 3 according to battery discharging data the corresponding charging current curve that charge volume is set;
Fig. 9 be embodiment 4 according to battery discharging data the corresponding charging current curve that charge volume is set;
Figure 10 be embodiment 5 according to battery discharging data the corresponding charging current curve that charge volume is set;
Figure 11 is that embodiment 6 arranges curve according to the corresponding charging voltage of battery discharging data.
Accompanying drawing sign
1, database 2, discharge equipment 3, charging device
6, storage battery 7, charge/discharge control appliance
Embodiment
Before the present invention is elaborated, first related notion related in the present invention is done to unified description, for the convenience illustrating, in the process of describing, take lead accumulator as example, other type cell can in like manner be analogized.
I
e(A of unit): represent the rate of discharge of rate when battery industry national technical standard is specified, I
e=rated capacity C
nominal(Ah)/when electric discharge rate (h).For example, electric bicycle 6DZM battery GB is defined as 2h and leads electric discharge, I
e(A)=C
nominal/ 2h; Electric road car storage battery new national standard is defined as 3h and leads electric discharge, I
e(A)=C
nominal/ 3h; Communication station UPS is defined as 10h by storage battery GB and leads electric discharge, I
e(A)=C
nominal/ 10h.
V
0(V of unit): mark rule are with I
ethe final voltage value of electric discharge, for example, 2h leads or 3h leads electrokinetic cell V
0the mono-lattice of=1.75V/, communication station 10h leads battery V
0the mono-lattice of=1.80V/.
T
0: by storage battery with I
ebe discharged to V
0time.As storage battery kinetic potential E≤V
0time, storage battery can not discharge, now T
0=0; For example, when battery discharging moment (1 second in), reach V
0time, this discharge data, without Practical significance, records T
0=0; As V > V
0time, T
0> 0.T
0physical significance characterize the remaining capacity of storage battery, remaining capacity is I
e* T
0(Ah).
The above-mentioned industry technology known value that is, be below characteristic data value related in the present invention (not in addition specially explanation state example, the lead accumulator of all take describes as example):
V
01: with I
einitial 1%T discharges
nominal ratingthe resulting minimum voltage value of sampling in time.The voltage performance of general storage battery closed circuit (adding external loading) is to rebound at a spy end to enter the process of stable discharging platform again, and applicant finds V
01performance is interval relevant to the main failure mode of storage battery, for example, when the main failure mode of lead accumulator is plate active material typical sulfur lead plumbate crystallization salinization, shows as V
01obviously on the low side, plate active material shows as V while seriously softening
01obviously higher, and two kinds of failure modes the V while depositing
01show as between the two; V
01three kinds of different voltage ranges performances, for the repair process of lead accumulator provides a characteristic feature foundation.
V
02: storage battery is at T
0the average voltage level of time period electric discharge.The known V of industry
02relevant to electrolytical ion concentration, the V of lead accumulator for example
02with sulfuric acid density dependent; Applicant finds the V that lead accumulator shows
02interval and main failure mode is relevant, and plate active material typical sulfur lead plumbate crystallization salinization shows as V
02obviously on the low side, plate active material is the softening V that shows as seriously
02obviously higher, and two kinds of failure modes the storage battery V that deposits
02show as between the two; These three kinds of different V
02interval performance, for repair process provides another feature foundation.
T
1: a related time value in storage battery repair process.Storage battery is with rated current I
ebe discharged to V
0time, the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) that suspends electric discharge (zero load disconnects discharge load) can be tending towards basicly stable at certain hour, T
1rate T when value is discharged according to the mark rule of storage battery
nominal ratingfor reference, preferred span 0.5～5%T
nominal rating, for example 1～2h leads storage battery preferred lower limit value 0.5～1.5%T
nominal rating, 3～5h leads the preferred intermediate value 1～3%T of storage battery
nominal rating, 10～20h leads storage battery preferred upper limit value 3～5%T
nominal rating.
V
1: storage battery no-load running T
1the real-time voltage value that time can reach.Applicant finds the V that different failure mode storage batterys show
1there is obvious different interval, for example, when the main failure mode of lead accumulator is plate active material lead sulfate crystallization salinization, be usually expressed as V
1on the low side, plate active material shows as V while seriously softening
1obviously higher; And two kinds of failure modes show as V while depositing
1in between the two; These three kinds different real-time voltage V
1interval performance, for the repair process of lead accumulator provides another characteristic feature foundation.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to figure 1, the system for storage battery reparation of the present invention comprises database 1, discharges and recharges control appliance 7, discharge equipment 2 and charging device 3; Wherein, described charging device 3 and discharge equipment 2 can be connected respectively to the positive and negative end of storage battery 6 outside to be repaired, described charging device 3 is also connected respectively to described discharging and recharging on control appliance 7 with discharge equipment 2, and the described control appliance 7 that discharges and recharges is connected with described database 1 by data wire.
Described discharge equipment 2 is for discharging the electric energy of storage battery to be repaired 6.In one embodiment, described discharge equipment 2 comprises constant current discharge load resistance, miniature data read/write holder, discharge time counter, shows voltmeter, data input/output interface, constant-current discharge and real-time voltage administrative unit in real time.This discharge equipment 2 in the course of the work, receives and discharges and recharges the instruction that control appliance 7 sends, and can to storage battery 6, carry out a series of discharge operation according to this instruction, and returns to corresponding data to discharging and recharging control appliance 7.
Described charging device 3 is for storage battery 6 chargings to be repaired.In one embodiment, described charging device 3 comprises constant current charge real-time management unit, charging interval counter, shows current/voltage table, miniature data read/write holder and data input/output interface in real time.This charging device 3 in the course of the work, receives and discharges and recharges the instruction that control appliance 7 sends, and can to storage battery 6, carry out a series of charging operations according to this instruction, and returns to corresponding data to discharging and recharging control appliance 7.
In the present embodiment, discharge equipment 2 and charging device 3 are two equipment independently, in other embodiments, also can realize by put/charged integrated.
Described discharge and recharge control appliance 7 according to 2 pairs of storage batterys to be repaired 6 of discharge equipment with rated current I
e electric discharge 1%T
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V of sampling in time
01, I
ebe discharged to final voltage V
0time value T
0with average voltage level V
02and electric discharge suspends T
1the real-time voltage value V of time feedbacking
1, read the reparation charge volume C(Ah that described database 1 stores) and described V
01, V
02, T
0, V
1between corresponding relation, according to this relation, select suitable repair mode, the corresponding order of this repair mode is sent to charging device 3 by discharging and recharging control appliance 7, charging device 3 adopts this repair modes to realize the reparation to storage battery 6.
Described database 1 is repaired charge volume C and described V for storing
01, V
02, T
0, V
1between corresponding relation and the order of the repair mode corresponding with these corresponding relations.
Be more than the description to system of repairing for storage battery of the present invention, below the storage battery restorative procedure of realizing based on this system mainly described for stating example with lead accumulator.
Mainly there are two kinds of typical failure modes in lead accumulator: pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization, plate active material soften.To the lead accumulator under above-mentioned two kinds of failure modes, all can adopt the method for charging to realize reparation to a certain degree.Which kind of failure mode no matter lead accumulator be, generally at single lattice 1～1.6V, has at least one secondary energy platform, if do not discharge the energy in this secondary energy platform by deep discharge, repairing effect can be not good enough.Accompanying drawing 2 has provided the variation in voltage curve of a 6DZM12 dead battery constant current 5A electric discharge, though this curve shows dead battery, between 9V left and right region, piles up and has larger energy, well below normal working voltage lower limit, meaningless to the normal work of storage battery.In storage battery repair process, carry out deep discharge, can effectively discharge the energy of this low-voltage platform, after deep discharge, by charging, storage battery is repaired again, will make storage battery repairing effect better.
The applicant finds by research: discharge characteristic data have very important meaning for the size of determining needed reparation charge volume in storage battery repair process.The cluster particle image of microcosmic active substance of battery, when capacity is normal, the utmost point is highly consistent to arranging, during capacity high attenuation, the size distribution of cluster particle, cluster spacing and the utmost point all present disorderly and unsystematic to arranging, need to add outside in the prerequisite of effective Additive, inject disposablely enough energy activated, otherwise can form " memory " makes battery capacity cannot recover design load, therefore with discharge characteristic data, determining and repair charge volume, is to make storage battery recover the effective technology method of normal capacity.
For some present stage technology be not suitable for the battery of deep discharge, for example conventional lithium battery, Ni-MH battery, depth of discharge should be controlled.From know-why, any battery, as long as its electrode material does not decompose or phase transformation because discharge voltage is too low, carries out the energy that deep discharge all contributes to discharge low-voltage platform in repair process, and repairing effect can be better.
With the above-mentioned basis that is found to be, described storage battery restorative procedure comprises:
Step 1), the constant voltage and current limiting mode of take are full of electricity as storage battery to be repaired, and then standing a period of time, in the present embodiment, described time of repose is greater than 10 minutes.
Because storage battery exists the phenomenon of self discharge, standing time long can the judgement of impact to battery remaining capacity, therefore performing step 1 before to battery discharging) contribute to obtain relatively accurate V
01, V
02, T
0, V
1numerical value, the technique effect of lifting subsequent step.
Step 2), set with I
eintensity, final voltage V
0detect electric discharge, electromotive force E, electric discharge 1%T before being discharged
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V of sampling in time
01, be discharged to final voltage V
0time value T
0with average voltage level V
02and be discharged to V
0rear no-load running T
1the real-time voltage value V of time
1.
Described in step 2 with I
eintensity electric discharge, its objective is as gathering discharge characteristic data, I
eintensity electric discharge belongs to preferred and nonessential, for example, strength of discharge can be transformed to the even non-constant electric current of nonstandard rule rated current (being for example transformed to rated impedance electric discharge); Described V
0and T
1value in like manner, I
eintensity, V
0with and T
1the conversion of value is only that impact is to the value of other data, determination range and the statement of corresponding magnitude relationship thereof.
Step 3), according to step 2) resulting V
01, V
02, T
0, V
1determine needed reparation charge volume C when storage battery to be repaired is repaired to charging; Repair charge volume C(Ah)=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal; Wherein, m=1.1～1.3, n=1.0～3.5; M span is the known value of battery industry, and its numerical values recited characterizes the charge acceptance of storage battery, and m is less, and the charge efficiency of storage battery is higher, and the value of m is simultaneously relevant to the residing ambient temperature of storage battery, and value trend and ambient temperature are inverse ratio; The span of n is by V
01, V
02and V
1value jointly determine.Lead accumulator is comprised to following situation:
I, storage battery to be repaired meet V
01the mono-lattice of≤2.05V/, V
02during the mono-lattice any one of≤1.99V/ feature, n value 2.5～3.5: wherein, work as V
1during the mono-lattice of < 2.0V/, n value 2.9～3.5, works as V
1n value 2.5～2.9 during the mono-lattice of>=2.0V/;
Ii, storage battery to be repaired meet V
01the mono-lattice of > 2.10V/, V
02during the mono-lattice any one of>=2.02V/ feature, n value 1.0～1.8: wherein, work as V
1during the mono-lattice of>=2.05V/, n value 1.0～1.3, works as V
1n value 1.3～1.8 during the mono-lattice of < 2.05V/;
When iii, non-above-mentioned two states performance, n value 1.8～2.5.
In this step, the expression formula of the reparation charge volume C calculating has reflected battery malfunction state and the proportional relation of repairing charge volume, and its physical meaning is: under the process empty lotus state of deep discharge, storage battery reparation is being filled with mC
nominal=1.1～1.3C
nominalon the basis of electric weight, need to continue Bu Chong ﹝ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominalelectric weight, T
0less, it is just larger that storage battery is repaired needed charge volume, so the suitable value of n is very important.
The effect that the charge volume magnitude relationship of calculating in this step is repaired to storage battery, if reparation charge volume is crossed young pathbreaker and can not be activated storage battery to be repaired, if it is excessive to repair charge volume, easily storage battery is filled bad again, especially because overcharging for a long time, cause the seriously softening storage battery losing efficacy of plate active material, so the suitable value of n is very important.
The mode of the constant charge charging (not limiting charging voltage) described in this step, for exceeding the pressure limiting explosive storage battery inapplicable (the conventional lithium battery of manufacturing such as ordinary skill, conventional Ni-MH battery etc.) that overcharges, this class storage battery should be used the current-limiting charge mode of mark rule constant voltage, for example conventional lithium battery can be set to 4.2V current limliting 0.15C/A charging, when charging current drops to while being less than 0.01C/A naturally, is considered as being full of.Although this class storage battery also can make capacity obtain recovery to a certain extent by special discharging and recharging, present stage, repairing effect was remarkable far away from lead accumulator because supporting repair materials technical research is not enough and be subject to discharging and recharging means restriction.
Step 4), according to step 2) data of the reparation charge volume C that obtains of the data that obtain and step 3) charge stage by stage, realize the reparation to storage battery.
As a kind of preferred implementation, in described step 2) afterwards, before step 4), also comprise:
Step a), according to step 2) data that obtain determine the failure mode of storage battery to be repaired, according to different failure modes, are that described storage battery to be repaired adds repair materials, and supply electrolyte for this storage battery.
Mention, the main failure mode of lead accumulator has two kinds before, is respectively that the crystallization salinization of pole plate lead sulfate and plate active material are softening.The applicant finds through experiment, when storage battery to be repaired meets the mono-lattice of E < 2.15V/, V
01the mono-lattice of≤2.05V/, V
02the mono-lattice of≤1.99V/, V
1during in four features of the mono-lattice of≤2.00V/ at least two, failure mode turns to master with pole plate lead sulfate crystal salt; When storage battery to be repaired meets the mono-lattice of E > 2.23V/, V
01the mono-lattice of > 2.10V/, V
02the mono-lattice of > 2.02V/, V
1during in four features of the mono-lattice of > 2.05V/ at least two, failure mode be take plate active material and is softened as main; For the situation of non-above-mentioned two kinds of typicalnesses performance, two kinds of failure modes depositing normally.Therefore,, before being charge in batteries to be repaired, can being first the additional anti-pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization of lead accumulator to be repaired or suppressing the softening repair materials of plate active material.If two kinds of failure modes are also deposited, preferential additional anti-vulcanizing material is administered pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization by charging, and then additional die bond material is administered plate active material by charging and softened.
Storage battery for other kind, industry rarely has the open source literature to repair materials research at present, an important technical reason is: encouraging under the business contexts of consumption fast, general goods lithium battery, the customs such as Ni-MH battery are designed to complete hermetically-sealed construction, be finished discarded, product design and consumption idea need to be changed, therefore repair materials uses common lithium battery, Ni-MH batteries etc. are new research fields, along with power, with high-powered lithium ferric phosphate battery, occur as the technology of design safety explosion-proof valve as lead accumulator, ferric phosphate lithium cell also may utilize the additional reparation proprietary material of safety anti-explosive valve opening as lead accumulator, the storage battery of other kind in like manner.
Below the specific implementation process of each step in storage battery restorative procedure is illustrated.
As shown in Figure 3, described step 2), the discharge process of storage battery to be repaired is specifically comprised:
Step 2-1), first this step samples with rated current intensity I
e electric discharge 1%T
nominal ratingminimum voltage value V in time
01and store recording, by V
01with final voltage value V
0compare, if V
01> V
0, with I
ebe discharged to V
0, record T discharge time
0, then carry out next step; If battery discharging moment (for example, in 1 second) V
01﹦ V
0, accurately record this value without Practical significance discharge time, record T
0=0, then carry out next step; To E≤V
0situation, storage battery can not discharge, and records and is worth T discharge time
0=0, then carry out next step.
Step 2-2), at storage battery with electric current I
ebe discharged to V
0in process, continuous sampling is the magnitude of voltage (sampling time determines according to required precision) of electric discharge in real time, according to sampled result, calculates sample mean V
02and store recording.
Step 2-3), by storage battery to be repaired at I
ebe discharged to V
0time, suspend electric discharge operation T
1time, record is the real-time voltage value V of unloaded bounce-back now
1, then finish this stage discharge operation.
In this step, described T
1the interval of time during with the electric discharge of storage battery rate relevant, in description before, had corresponding explanation, no longer repeat herein.
For the crystallization salinization of pole plate lead sulfate or the softening serious lead accumulator of active material, only with I
eintensity is discharged to V
0generally do not reach the charged basic emptying of pole plate, make deep layer active material fully contact the object of repair additive, therefore, in a preferred embodiment, at described step 2-3) also comprise afterwards:
Step 2-4), to storage battery to be repaired with electric current I
edeep discharge is to V
2, then the intensity of discharging current is successively decreased stage by stage, continues deep discharge to V
2, V
2≤ 80%V
0/ mono-lattice.
In the present embodiment, described V
2size for being less than or equal to 80%V
0/ mono-lattice, in other embodiments, also can determine described V according to the size of storage battery to be repaired, classification
2value, V for example
2for 30%V
0/ mono-lattice.
As shown in Figure 4, in the present embodiment, when storage battery to be repaired is carried out to deep discharge, the intensity sublevel of the discharging current rule of successively decreasing is set to I=M
ki
e, wherein M represents degradation factor, and the preferred M value of the present embodiment is 0.618, and positive integer K represents the exponent number that successively decreases; When storage battery carries out deep discharge, first stage rate of discharge is I
e, when storage battery both end voltage reaches V
2after, rate of discharge starts the first rank and successively decreases, and K is 1, and rate of discharge drops to 0.618I
e(battery tension meeting nature bounce-back when discharging current reduces to be load reduction), when battery discharging voltage reaches V again
2time, rate of discharge starts successively decreasing of second-order, and now K becomes 2, and rate of discharge drops to 0.618
2i
e=0.382I
ethe like, until the little electric current that the exponent number K(setting sets) deep discharge is to V
2.In other embodiments, the current strength of deep discharge also can adopt other modes to realize sublevel to successively decrease, as adopted 1/2I
ethe decile mode of successively decreasing, uses 1/2I continuously
e, 1/4I
e, 1/8I
edeep discharge is to V respectively
2.Generally speaking, sublevel successively decreases deep discharge to V
2last rank current strength preferably≤0.05C
nominal/ A.
As previously mentioned, conventional lithium battery, conventional Ni-MH battery that existing ordinary skill is manufactured, should not carry out final voltage far below V in repair process
0deep discharge (avoiding causing because discharge voltage is too low that electrode material easily decomposes or phase transformation), still, with limiting discharge voltage V
0, the successively decrease technical scheme of " first emptying electricity " of rate of discharge sublevel, this class battery capacity is repaired still highly significant.For example the manufacturer custom lithium battery that misguides the consumer does not have memory effect, in fact just memory degree is slighter than Ni-MH battery, if in use for a long time half lotus to the method discharging and recharging under fullcharging state, seldom even do not carry out regular emptying electricity, lithium battery there will be memory effect equally, the repair process of the lithium battery that therefore ordinary skill is manufactured, the method that still should take rate of discharge sublevel to successively decrease first complete emptying electricity, recharge, just can guarantee that capacity obtains better repairing effect.
With reference to figure 5, the charging process to lead accumulator to be repaired in described step 4) specifically comprises:
Step 4-1), according to the discharge data V of battery to be repaired
01, V
1value is chosen the current strength of initial charge in conjunction with the electromotive force E before discharging, for E < V
0, V
01=V
0or V
1the storage battery to be repaired of the mono-lattice of > 2.05V/, preferably use≤0.06C/A carries out initial charge 0.5～4 hour or charges to the mono-lattice of both end voltage>=2.0V/ of storage battery, then shift step 4-2); The storage battery to be repaired of non-above-mentioned situation directly carries out step 4-2) charging;
Step 4-2), to storage battery to be repaired with 0.08～0.25C/A current charges, until be filled with the electric weight of 70～95%C/Ah, then shift step 4-3); This step preferably adopts the mode of two or more stage chargings, and different phase space changing is less than or equal to low current charge or the dormancy of 0.03C/A, or shallow discharge is set;
Step 4-3), to storage battery to be repaired with 0.03～0.06C/A low current charge, until be filled with by discharge data V
01, V
02, T
0, V
1common definite C/Ah charge volume, makes storage battery recover normal capacity.
Chloride plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization also has another kind of extreme case conventionally, and electromotive force E acts normally or be higher, but is discharged to V
0time value T
0very little, T often
0< 1%T
nominal rating< 1S even, and be discharged to V
0the bounce-back V following
1be worth very highly, the mono-lattice of the > 2.05V/ electromotive force E before convergence electric discharge even often, the lead accumulator of all this type of situations, at step 4-1) in preferably with≤0.06C/A, carry out initial charge.
At step 4-2) in, described two or more stages chargings can adopt the known conventional sublevel of battery industry to fall stream method, and degression type constant current charge stage by stage, comprises and uses positive/negative pulse current charge.Storage battery is filled while approaching fullcharging state, and internal resistance meeting raises, and reduced by power, and unnecessary electric energy can be converted into thermal accumlation in internal storage battery, thereby reduces charge in batteries efficiency, when internal heat accumulates when too high, can damage storage battery.It is larger that storage battery is repaired required charge volume, than conventional charge in batteries, more easily generate heat, at step 4-2) space changing low current charge or suspend charging certain hour (for example 0.2～1h), particularly shallow discharge (emitting storage battery part electric energy) be set, to eliminating the electrolytical polarization concentration difference of internal storage battery pole plate interface, eliminate the inner bubble producing and accumulated heat, raising next stage charge efficiency has better effect.
When battery reparation charging arranges shallow discharge mid-term, the electric weight that surplus charge volume should corresponding subduction be emitted.For example, for the storage battery (lead accumulator) of discharge off memory in routine techniques meaning, as residual capacity < 70%C
nominaltime in charging, the repairing effect of shallow discharge to be set mid-term better; For residual capacity < 50%C
nominalstorage battery, charging arranges the repairing effect of more than twice shallow discharge mid-term can be better.It should be noted that the I before carrying out before described battery reparation charging
eelectric discharge arranges shallow discharge with battery reparation charging described herein mid-term, is two diverse operational phases, and the former object is with I
ebe discharged to V
0obtain required charging procedure related data.
Battery of the present invention is repaired charging method can make most of battery reach intrinsic capacity, but some battery is difficult to disposable charging reaches former design capacity, for example some standing times lead accumulator oversize, that plate active material is softening, should not be when repairing primary charging amount too much (the crystallization restructuring after plate active material is softening is a progressive process, and its corresponding charge volume method is at the V of aforementioned storage battery to be repaired
01, V
02, T
0and V
1etc. automatically being controlled in the common definite value setting relation of discharge data), in this situation, can implement after battery of the present invention repairs charging method, auxiliary select some routines stage by stage constant current mode charge for the second time, be for example aided with constant current and supplement stage by stage 1.4～1.8C
nominalcharge volume.When the present invention specifically implements, also can be according to actual needs, increase storage battery reparation afterwards automatically/manually restart the function of spark gap inspection capacity, preferred version is the known constant current I of industry
ebe discharged to V
0check discharge time, to promote practical value of the invention process.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, accumulator repairing system of the present invention and restorative procedure thereof are described.
In one embodiment, realize and repairing for the 6DZM12 lead accumulator for electric bicycle.
The present embodiment comprises database 1, discharges and recharges control appliance 7, discharge equipment 2 and charging device 3; Wherein charging device 3 and discharge equipment 2 are connected respectively to the positive and negative end of storage battery 6 outside to be repaired, and charging device 3 is also connected respectively to and discharges and recharges on control appliance 7 with discharge equipment 2, and control appliance 7 is connected to described database 1 by data wire; Discharge equipment 2 according to described in discharge and recharge the instruction that control appliance 7 sends storage battery 6 carried out to discharge operation, and return to corresponding data to charging/discharging apparatus 7
The condition indicating according to 6DZM12 (12V12Ah, 2h discharge rate, mark rule rate of discharge 6A, mark rule final discharging voltage 10.50V), the data that set for discharge equipment 2 are V
0=10.50V, V
2=3.0V.The discharge process that discharge equipment 2 is realized comprises: discharge equipment 2 is discharged to 10.50V for storage battery to be repaired with 6A, in this discharge process, discharges and recharges control appliance 7 once sampling per second and reads out the minimum voltage value V in 72 seconds
01store, within every 15 seconds afterwards, once sampling real-time voltage value is temporary, calculates average voltage level V until battery discharging during to 10.50V
02, store T discharge time that is discharged to 10.50V simultaneously
0value; Discharge equipment 2 dormancy, after 70 seconds, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and continue to read the storage battery bounce voltage value V of unloaded the 71st second
1.
After the process that is discharged to 10.50V finishes, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and according to 2 pairs of storage batterys to be repaired 6 of discharge equipment, with rated current 6A, be discharged to the data of 10.50V feedback, show before electric discharge that electromotive force E value is 12.96V, V
01value is 12.23V, V
02value is 11.92V, is discharged to the time T of 10.50V
0value is 56.6 minutes, is discharged to the 10.50V dormancy unloaded bounce voltage value V of the 71st second
1for 11.89V, judge that main failure mode is as pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization, automatic pause operation, and the main failure mode of data or judgement is shown, so that the dilute sulfuric acid that the preferred additional anti-vulcanizing material of operator and density are 1.20 is mixed, add inside battery, liquid level is seen on addition to inside battery utmost point group's top.
Then, with manually restarting or set the mode of operation suspension time, make discharge equipment 2 under the control that discharges and recharges control appliance 7 respectively with the current strength of 6A, 3A, 1.5A, 0.75A stage by stage continuous discharge to 3.0V; After having discharged, dormancy enters charging procedure for 30 minutes.
Discharge and recharge control appliance 7 according to the V of the above-mentioned 10.50V of being discharged to process
01, V
02, T
0, V
1data are automatically set m(1.1～1.3 in database 1) get intermediate value 1.2; Bounce voltage value V because of unloaded the 71st second
1for 11.89V, n chooses in (2.9～3.5) scope, though V
1the mono-lattice of < 2.0V/ but approach the mono-lattice of 2.0V/, discharge and recharge experience that control appliance 7 extracts n in database 1 automatically limit value 3.0 on the lower side, by making comparisons with the data of database 1 storage, the reparation charge volume of this 6DZM12 battery of automatically providing and delivering out is: C(Ah)=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal=﹝ 1.2 ﹢ 3.0(1-56.6/120) ﹞ C
nominal=2.785C
nominal=2.785 * 12Ah=33.42Ah.Again because of V
1for 11.89V, initial low current charge need not be set, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 after this 6DZM12 battery completes deep discharge the 16th minute, automatically select the routine 3 ladder charging data that database 1 stores to be: 2.0A charging 8h, 1.2A charging 10h, 0.6A charging 9h, meter is repaired charge volume 33.4Ah, be total to 27h consuming time, charging device 3 is realized the charging procedure to this storage battery to be repaired according to above-mentioned charging data.
Accompanying drawing 6 has marked the reparation charging I/T curve relevant with the present embodiment, the 6DZM12 battery of the present embodiment is after deep discharge and conventional three grading current diminishing method charging 33.4Ah, discharge capacity can reach technology expectation effect more than 10Ah first, after general recharging, can reach nominal capacity.
In another embodiment, also, to the storage battery dedicated remote repairing of carrying out of the 6DZM12 described in embodiment 1, the stage of the present embodiment before charging is identical with embodiment 1, but in the process of repairing in charging, the optimization charging modes that optional database 1 stores automatically.Specifically, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 after 6DZM12 battery completes deep discharge the 31st minute, optimization level 5 ladders that optional database 1 stores " accurate two fill one puts " charging method, the data relevant with this charging method comprise: 2.0A charging 6h, 1.2A charging 8h, 1.2A electric discharge 2h, 1.2A charging 8h, 0.6A charging 8h, amount to and repair surplus charge volume 33.6Ah, 32h consuming time.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the reparation charging I/T curve relevant with the present embodiment, adopt 5 ladders " accurate two fill puts " method to be filled with after 33.6Ah electric weight storage battery 6 is surplus, the 6A discharge capacity of the 6DZM12 battery of the present embodiment generally can disposablely reach the technology expectation effect of nominal 12Ah.
The present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 1, also increased the function of the automatic discharging size of test after storage battery reparation, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 control charging devices 3 and finish 1 hour at charging procedure, continue controlled discharge equipment 2 and be discharged to 10.50V with constant current 6A, record shows discharge time, makes storage battery repair capacity very clear.
For northern area, need to storage battery, strengthen the needs of charge volume winter, In yet another embodiment, when the storage battery described in embodiment 1 is repaired, need strengthening to repair charge volume.When storage battery is repaired, deep discharge process is constant, but in when charging, the size of calculating the set parameter m of charge volume is 1.3, and the reparation charge volume that this 6DZM12 battery strengthen while charging at northern area winter is: C(Ah)=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal=﹝ 1.3 ﹢ 3.0(1-56.6/120) ﹞ C
nominal=2.885C
nominal, be the repair mode of charging device 3 dispensing C=2.885 * 12Ah=34.63Ah charge volumes.
After described 6DZM12 battery completes deep discharge the 16th minute, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and automatically for charging device 3, choose the charging modes in eight stages " accurate three fill two puts " of database 1 storage, related data is: 2.0A charging 6h, 1.2A charging 8h, 1.2A electric discharge 2h, 1.2A charging 6h, (dormancy) 0.5h, 1.2A electric discharge 1h, 1.2A charging 4h, 0.6A charging 8h intermittently, amount to and repair surplus charge volume 34.8Ah, repair 35.5h consuming time.
Accompanying drawing 8 is the reparation charging I/T curve relevant with the present embodiment.The present embodiment is by changing m value 1.3, strengthened reparation charge volume, adapt to northern area reparation charging in winter (storage battery is filled ability to be reduced with temperature), eight stages that adopt " accurate two fill one puts " method is filled with after 35.40Ah electric weight storage battery 6 is surplus, and 6A discharge capacity generally can disposablely reach the technology expectation effect of nominal 12Ah.
For being usually used in the 3D180 lead accumulator of low-speed electronic tricycle, carriage, realize reparation.
The condition indicating according to 3D180 (6V180Ah, 5h discharge rate, mark rule rate of discharge 36A, mark rule final discharging voltage 5.25V), the data that set for discharge equipment 2 are V
0=5.25V, V
2=1.5V.The discharge process that discharge equipment 2 is realized comprises: discharge equipment 2 is discharged to 5.25V for storage battery to be repaired with 36A, in this discharge process, discharges and recharges the minimum voltage value V that control appliance 7 once sampling per second reads out sampling in 180 seconds
01store, within every 30 seconds afterwards, once sampling real-time voltage value is temporary, calculates average voltage level V until battery discharging during to 5.25V
02, store the time value T that is discharged to 5.25V simultaneously
0; Discharge equipment 2 dormancy, after 5 minutes, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and continue to read the storage battery bounce voltage value V of unloaded the 301st second
1.
After discharge process finishes, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and according to 2 pairs of storage batterys to be repaired 6 of discharge equipment, with rated current 36A, be discharged to the data of 5.25V feedback, show that front electromotive force (open-circuit voltage values) E of electric discharge of this storage battery is 6.82V, V
01value is 6.31V, V
02value is 6.09V, T
0value is 91 minutes, V
1for 6.21V, judge that main failure mode is seriously softening as plate active material, automatic pause operation, and the main failure mode of data or judgement is shown, so that the dilute sulfuric acid that operator's additional pole plate die bond material and density are 1.08 is mixed, add inside battery, normal level of liquid is seen on addition to inside battery utmost point group's top.
Then, with manually restarting or set the mode of operation suspension time, make discharge equipment 2 under the control that discharges and recharges control appliance 7 respectively with the current strength of 22A, 14A, 8.5A, 5A stage by stage continuous discharge to 1.5V; After having discharged, dormancy enters charging for 20 minutes.
Discharge and recharge control appliance 7 according to the T of the above-mentioned 5.25V of being discharged to
0, V
01, V
02, V
1data are automatically set m and are got (1.1～1.3) intermediate value 1.2, because meet V simultaneously in database 1
01the mono-lattice of value > 2.10V/, V
02the value mono-glazing bar part of > 2.02V/ and V
1the mono-lattice of > 2.05V/, n gets intermediate value 1.15 in (1.0～1.3) scope, and by making comparisons with the data of database 1 storage, the reparation charge volume of this 6DZM12 battery of automatically providing and delivering out is: C(Ah)=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal=﹝ 1.2 ﹢ 1.15(1 ﹣ 91/300) ﹞ C
nominal=2.00C
nominal=2.00 * 180Ah=360Ah.Again because of V
1for 6.21V, initial low current charge is preferably set, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 after this 3D180 battery completes deep discharge the 21st minute, automatically select the routine 3 ladder charging data that database 1 stores to be: 9A charging 3h, 18A charging 12h, 9A charging 13h, meter is repaired charge volume 360Ah, be total to 28h consuming time, charging device 3 is realized the charging procedure to this storage battery to be repaired according to above-mentioned charging data.
Accompanying drawing 9 has marked the relevant reparation charging I/T curve of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 5
Method of the present invention is also applicable to the large capacity lead storage battery that communication station is used.In yet another embodiment, the large capacity GFM500Ah of the common 2V of communication station storage battery is repaired.
According to the condition of communication station UPS battery industry, GFM storage battery mark rule 10h discharge rate, 500Ah storage battery mark rule rate of discharge is 50A, and conventional final discharging voltage is 1.80V, and the data that set for discharge equipment 2 are V
0=1.80V, V
2=0.50V.In discharge process, discharge equipment 2 according to program setting is: storage battery is got to the minimum voltage value V in 360 seconds with 50A electric discharge sampling
01with the time T that is discharged to 1.80V
0value, calculates battery discharging to the average voltage level V of 1.80V according to program
02store, return to and discharge and recharge control appliance 7, then the real-time voltage value V of the unloaded bounce-back of storage battery is read in dormancy for 10 minutes again
1, then automatic pause operation, treats manually to restart or at the operation suspension of setting after the time, make discharge equipment 2 under the control that discharges and recharges control appliance 7 respectively with the current strength continuous discharge of 50A, 30A, 10A to 0.50V, dormancy recharged after 20 minutes.
Discharge and recharge the data that control appliance 7 is discharged to 1.80V feedback according to 2 pairs of storage batterys 6 of discharge equipment with rated current 50A, draw V
01=V
0, V
02=V
0, discharge time T
0value < 1S(records T
0=0), the dormancy unloaded bounce voltage value V of 10 minutes
1for 2.09V, judge that accordingly main failure mode is as the complete crystallization salinization of pole plate lead sulfate, automatic pause operation, and the main failure mode of data or judgement is shown, so that the dilute sulfuric acid of the additional anti-vulcanizing material of operator and 1.15 density is mixed, add inside battery, liquid level is seen on addition to inside battery utmost point group's top.
Discharge and recharge control appliance 7 according to the T of the above-mentioned 1.80V of being discharged to
0, V
01, V
02, V
1data, in database 1, setup parameter m is (1.1～1.3) interval higher limit 1.3 automatically, n is automatically made (2.9～3.5) interval intermediate value 3.2.Discharge and recharge control appliance 7 by making comparisons with the data of database 1 storage, the reparation charge volume of this 2V500Ah battery of automatically providing and delivering out is: C(Ah)=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal=﹝ 1.3 ﹢ 3.2(1-0)/600 ﹞ C
nominal=4.5C
nominal, be the automatic dispensing C=4.5C of charging device 3
nominal(Ah) instruction of=4.5 * 500Ah=2250Ah charge volume.
In charging repair procedure is selected, because V
01=V
0, T
0< 1S and V
1for 2.09V, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and automatically at database 1, select little electric current initiation of charge, discharge and recharge control appliance 7 and complete deep discharge program the 21st minute at this battery, from database 1, selected for ten stages 8 filled 2 and put data and the instruction that repair mode is relevant: 25A charging 2h, 100A charging 6h, 50A charging 6h, 50A electric discharge 1h, 100A charging 4h, (dormancy) 0.5h, 100A charging 2h, 50A charging 8h, 50A electric discharge 2h, 50A charging 5h, 25A charging 8h intermittently, amount to and repair surplus charge volume 2250Ah, repair 44.5h consuming time.
In Figure 10, marked the I/T curve of the relevant reparation charge volume 2250Ah of the present embodiment.
Charging/discharging thereof of the present invention is equally applicable to lithium ion battery.In the present embodiment, the large capacity 2V120Ah ferric phosphate lithium cell pack module of used for electric vehicle is repaired.
The general electromotive force 3.6V of ferric phosphate lithium cell, the general nominal voltage 3.2～3.3V of manufacturer, electric automobile lithium battery industry mark rule 3h discharge rate, 120Ah storage battery mark rule rate of discharge is 40A, conventional final discharging voltage V
0be 2.75～2.90V.The present embodiment is that the data that discharge equipment 2 sets are V
0=2.90V, V
2=2.50V.In discharge process, discharge equipment 2 is got the minimum voltage value V of 41st second to this ferric phosphate lithium cell with 40A electric discharge sampling according to program
01with T discharge time that is discharged to 2.90V
0value, returns to and discharges and recharges control appliance 7, and then the real-time voltage value V of the unloaded bounce-back of storage battery is read in dormancy for 10 minutes again
1, then respectively with the current strength continuous discharge of 40A, 20A, 10A, 5A to 2.50V, dormancy recharged after 15 minutes.
Though the ferric phosphate lithium cell of routine techniques manufacture exceeds pressure limiting, overcharge non-explosive, but be only the lithium ion battery of relative other kind, therefore the present embodiment reparation charging adopts the current-limiting charge mode of mark rule constant voltage, be set to this ferric phosphate lithium cell constant voltage 4.2V current limliting 18A charging, under the restrictive condition in constant voltage, charging current naturally drops to and be less than 1.2A or charging interval and reach 24 hours and be considered as being full of.In the present embodiment, repair charge volume and repair consuming time and be to be determined by this ferric phosphate lithium cell internal state, by inside, filled state and automatically select.In Figure 11, marked the V/T curve of the reparation charging relevant with the present embodiment.
It is more than the explanation to storage battery restorative procedure of the present invention.Said method not only can, for the reparation of single storage battery, also can be repaired the batteries being comprised of a plurality of storage batterys.When repairing batteries, as a kind of preferred implementation, when carrying out discharge operation, each battery discharge in batteries, to same benchmark, is then showed to T by numerous through deep discharge
0and V
1battery strings is roughly the same unified into one group of charging, like this control of repairing quality consistency, product combo, raising remediation efficiency is had to greater advantage.
The common professional person that lead accumulator method of manufacturing technology is slightly understood in depth, is not difficult on technical solutions according to the invention basis, is out of shape with drawing inferences about other cases from one instance and implements content of the present invention.Technical solutions according to the invention, are not only applicable to electric bicycle and batteries of electric automobile reparation, are equally applicable to the storage battery of communication station UPS storage battery, wind energy and solar energy storage storage battery and other kind; Of the present invention with discharge characteristic data T
0and V
01, V
02, V
1the quantitative charging method of corresponding design, battery are repaired the basic technical scheme of deep discharge, and the derivative technology distortion enforcement of the present invention program, all should be put into protection scope of the present invention.
Apparatus and method of the present invention, except can the reparation for lead accumulator, also can be used for polytype batteries such as lithium battery, Ni-MH battery, and its Method And Principle is not only confined to lead accumulator, described with I
ebe discharged to final voltage V
0the initial 1%T of sampling
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V of time
01, be discharged to final voltage V
0time T
0, electric discharge average voltage level V
02and be discharged to V
0rear no-load running T
1time real-time voltage value V
1etc. concept, all can use according to dissimilar cell translation concept, the value of only dissimilar battery is different.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an accumulator repairing system, is characterized in that, comprises database (1), discharges and recharges control appliance (7), discharge equipment (2) and charging device (3); Wherein, described charging device (3) is connected respectively to described discharging and recharging on control appliance (7) with positive and negative end, inside that discharge equipment (2) outside is connected to storage battery to be repaired (6), and the described control appliance (7) that discharges and recharges is connected to described database (1);
Described discharge equipment (2) according to described in discharge and recharge the instruction that control appliance (7) sends described storage battery (6) carried out to discharge operation, and return to corresponding data to described charging/discharging apparatus (7); Described data comprise: described storage battery (6) is to mark rule rated current I
einitial 1%T discharges
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V that in time, sampling obtains
01, be discharged to mark rule final voltage V
0time value T
0with average voltage level V
02, and electric discharge suspends T
1the real-time voltage value V of time feedbacking
1; Wherein, described T
1value is 0.5～5%T
nominal rating;
Described charging device (3) according to described in discharge and recharge the instruction that control appliance (7) sends described storage battery (6) carried out to charging operations, described charging operations comprises the electric weight that is filled with appointment to described storage battery (6);
Described discharges and recharges control appliance (7) according to the V of feedback
01, V
02, T
0and V
1value reads the corresponding relation between reparation charge volume C stored in itself and described database (1), according to this corresponding relation, select repair mode, the corresponding order of selected repair mode is read and sent to described charging device (3) by the described control appliance (7) that discharges and recharges from described database (1); Described reparation charge volume C and described T
0corresponding relation be C=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal; Wherein, m=1.1～1.3; N=1.0～3.5, its span is by V
01, V
02and V
1value jointly determine;
Described I
e, V
0, T
nominal ratingwith C
nominalknown value for national technical standard regulation.
2. the storage battery restorative procedure based on realizing on accumulator repairing system claimed in claim 1, comprising:
Step 1), the constant voltage and current limiting mode of take are full of electricity as storage battery to be repaired, and then standing, time of repose is greater than 10 minutes;
Step 2), set with I
eintensity, final voltage V
0detect electric discharge, electromotive force E before being discharged, initial 1%T discharges
nominal ratingthe minimum voltage value V that in time, sampling obtains
01, be discharged to final voltage V
0time value T
0with average voltage level V
02and be discharged to V
0rear no-load running T
1the real-time voltage value V of time
1;
Step 3), according to step 2) resulting data determine storage battery to be repaired are repaired to needed reparation charge volume C while charging;
Step 4), according to step 2) data of the reparation charge volume C that obtains of the data that obtain and step 3) charge stage by stage, realize the reparation to storage battery.
3. storage battery restorative procedure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step 2) afterwards, before step 4), also comprising step a): according to step 2) data that obtain determine the failure mode of storage battery to be repaired, according to different failure modes, be that storage battery adds repair materials, and supply electrolyte for storage battery.
4. storage battery restorative procedure according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described step a), described is that described lead accumulator interpolation repair materials to be repaired comprises according to different failure modes:
Step a-1), when storage battery to be repaired meets the mono-lattice of E≤2.15V/, V
01the mono-lattice of≤2.05V/, V
02the mono-lattice of≤1.99V/, V
1during in four features of the mono-lattice of≤2.00V/ at least two, execution step a-2); When storage battery to be repaired meets the mono-lattice of E > 2.23V/, V
01the mono-lattice of > 2.10V/, V
02the mono-lattice of > 2.02V/, V
1during in four features of the mono-lattice of > 2.05V/ at least two, execution step a-3); Non-above-mentioned two states performance, execution step a-4);
Step a-2), be the repair materials of the additional anti-pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization of storage battery to be repaired, then finish the operation of this step;
Step a-3), be the softening repair materials of the additional inhibition plate active material of storage battery to be repaired, then finish the operation of this step;
Step a-4), be first additional anti-vulcanizing material of storage battery to be repaired, by charging, administer pole plate lead sulfate crystallization salinization, and then additional die bond material is administered plate active material by charging and is softened.
5. storage battery restorative procedure according to claim 2, is characterized in that described step 2) comprising:
Step 2-1), sampling is with rated current intensity I
eelectric discharge 1%T
nominal ratingminimum voltage value V in time
01and store recording, by V
01with mark rule final voltage value V
0compare, if V
01> V
0, with rated current intensity I
ebe discharged to V
0, record T discharge time
0; If E < is V
0or V
01﹦ V
0, record and be worth T discharge time
0=0;
Step 2-2), at storage battery with electric current I
ebe discharged to V
0in process, continuous sampling is the magnitude of voltage of electric discharge in real time, according to sampled result, calculates sample mean V
02and store recording;
Step 2-3), by storage battery to be repaired with I
ecurrent strength is discharged to V
0time, unloaded T
1time, record is the real-time voltage value V of bounce-back now
1;
Step 2-4), to storage battery deep discharge to be repaired to V
2, then the intensity of discharging current is successively decreased stage by stage and is continued deep discharge to V
2, V
2≤ 80%V
0/ mono-lattice; Wherein, the intensity of described discharging current is successively decreased and is comprised stage by stage: I
e1/2 decile of current strength successively decreases, or successively decreases with arbitrary form, more than the exponent number that successively decreases arranges 1 rank.
6. according to the storage battery restorative procedure described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the reparation charge volume C(Ah of described step 3)), with described T
0corresponding relation be C=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal rating) ﹞ C
nominal; M=1.1～1.3 wherein, n=1.0～3.5, the span of n according to storage battery kind to be repaired in conjunction with V
01, V
02, V
1value interval and determine; Lead accumulator is comprised:
I, storage battery to be repaired meet V
01the mono-lattice of≤2.05V/, V
02during the mono-lattice any one of≤1.99V/ feature, n value 2.5～3.5: V wherein
1n value 2.9～3.5 during the mono-lattice of < 2.0V/, V
1n value 2.5～2.9 during the mono-lattice of>=2.0V/;
Ii, storage battery to be repaired meet V
01the mono-lattice of > 2.10V/, V
02during the mono-lattice any one of > 2.02V/ feature, n value 1.0～1.8: wherein, V
1n value 1.0～1.3 during the mono-lattice of>=2.05V/, V
1n value 1.3～1.8 during the mono-lattice of < 2.05V/;
Iii, non-above-mentioned two quasi-representative state tables are current, n value 1.8～2.5.
7. storage battery restorative procedure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 4) comprises lead accumulator:
Step 4-1), according to the discharge data V of storage battery to be repaired
01, V
1value is chosen the current strength of initial charge in conjunction with the electromotive force E before discharging, for E < V
0, V
01﹦ V
0or V
1the storage battery to be repaired of the mono-lattice of>=2.05V/, employing≤0.06C/A carries out initial charge 0.5～4 hour or charges to the mono-lattice of both end voltage>=2.0V/ of storage battery, then shift step 4-2); The storage battery to be repaired of non-above-mentioned situation directly carries out step 4-2) charging;
Step 4-2), to storage battery to be repaired preferably with 0.08～0.25C/A current charges, until be filled with the charge volume of 70～95%C/Ah, then shift step 4-3);
Step 4-3), storage battery to be repaired is continued with 0.03～0.06C/A low current charge, until be filled with by V
01, V
02, T
0, V
1common definite C/Ah charge volume, makes storage battery recover normal capacity.
8. storage battery restorative procedure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, at described step 4-2) in, described charging process is divided into two or more stages, between different phase, space changing is less than or equal to low current charge or the dormancy of 0.03C/A, or shallow discharge is set.
9. storage battery restorative procedure according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the shallow discharge setting in described charging process is once or once, the current strength≤I of shallow discharge
e, discharge electricity amount≤0.5C/Ah; When shallow discharge is set, this negative charge volume supplements back at after-stage charging moderate, described by C=﹝ m ﹢ n(1-T
0/ T
nominal specified) ﹞ C
nominalthe surplus charge volume of definite reparation is constant.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210258598.5A CN103579692B (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2012-07-24 | A kind of accumulator repairing system and restorative procedure thereof |
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| CN112349977A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-02-09 | 天能电池集团股份有限公司 | Method for improving charging qualification rate of returned battery |
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