CN103572279B - Wearing piece metal fiber reinforced compound manufacture process - Google Patents
Wearing piece metal fiber reinforced compound manufacture process Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
一种耐磨件金属纤维增强复合制作工艺，根据耐磨件基体的形状，激光束聚焦辐照在耐磨件基体表面上形成微型的熔池；合金粉末在氩气或氦气等惰性气体的吹动下注入熔池熔化；金属纤维在氩气或氦气等惰性气体的吹动下直接注入熔池，金属纤维的熔点远高于熔池温度，当激光束移开后，熔池中的液态金属迅速凝固、冷却，将金属纤维包裹其中，形成单道金属纤维增强复合材料覆层；调整激光头的位置，进行第二道金属纤维增强覆层的成形，前后两道覆层搭接；重复搭接，得到一定厚度及面积的强化层；在已成形的强化层上再堆积新的强化层，直到达到规定的高度，从而得到金属纤维增强的磨损件。
A metal fiber reinforced composite manufacturing process for wear-resistant parts. According to the shape of the wear-resistant parts matrix, the laser beam is focused and irradiated on the surface of the wear-resistant parts matrix to form a micro-melt pool; The molten pool is melted under blowing; the metal fiber is directly injected into the molten pool under the blowing of an inert gas such as argon or helium. The melting point of the metal fiber is much higher than the temperature of the molten pool. When the laser beam is removed, the molten pool The liquid metal is rapidly solidified and cooled, and the metal fibers are wrapped in it to form a single layer of metal fiber reinforced composite material; the position of the laser head is adjusted to form the second layer of metal fiber reinforced layer, and the front and rear layers are overlapped; Repeat the overlapping to obtain a reinforced layer with a certain thickness and area; pile up a new reinforced layer on the formed reinforced layer until it reaches the specified height, so as to obtain metal fiber reinforced wear parts.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种耐磨件的制作，尤其是涉及一种适合耐磨件制造及表面强化中使用的金属纤维增强复合材料及其制作工艺。 The invention relates to the manufacture of wear-resistant parts, in particular to a metal fiber reinforced composite material suitable for use in the manufacture of wear-resistant parts and surface strengthening and its manufacturing process.
背景技术 Background technique
破碎机锤头、齿板、轧臼壁、破碎壁，挖掘机铲齿，采煤机和掘进机截齿等磨料磨损件，一般属于中小零部件，不像发动机、车身、机架等体积尺寸较大的部件那样在设计及制造中容易引起重视。但是由于这些磨损件大都位于工作装置上，并直接接触工作介质，整机的性能及工作效率等要通过这些磨损件的工作来体现。因此，磨损件质量的好坏影响着整机的性能、寿命、工作效率和工程成本。与外观质量相比，上述磨料磨损件的产品质量更主要地取决于其制造材料和内部组织结构。外形、尺寸、型号、规格完全相同的产品，材料、组织等内在质量不同，使用寿命可以相差几倍、十几倍。 Abrasive wear parts such as crusher hammer head, tooth plate, rolling mortar wall, crushing wall, excavator shovel teeth, coal shearer and roadheader picks are generally small and medium-sized parts, unlike the volume size of engines, car bodies, frames, etc. Larger parts are easy to attract attention in design and manufacture. However, since most of these wearing parts are located on the working device and directly contact the working medium, the performance and working efficiency of the whole machine must be reflected by the work of these wearing parts. Therefore, the quality of wear parts affects the performance, life, work efficiency and engineering cost of the whole machine. Compared with the appearance quality, the product quality of the above-mentioned abrasive wear parts depends more on its manufacturing materials and internal organizational structure. Products with exactly the same shape, size, model, and specifications have different internal qualities such as materials and structures, and their service life can vary by several to ten times.
上述磨损件的制造材料最早广泛使用Mn13系奥氏体高锰钢。高锰钢韧性好，但耐磨性不足，尤其是在冲击负荷和接触应力不大的情况下，高锰钢不能充分显示其加工硬化的优越性，铸件的使用寿命很低。随后发展起来的镍硬铸铁因为价格较高，未能广泛得以应用。高铬铸铁是高锰钢、镍硬铸铁之后公认的第三代抗磨材料，其硬度高，但不耐冲击，容易开裂，影响耐磨件的使用安全。因此，必须研究新型的耐磨、耐冲击的高性能材料，以提高磨损件的使用寿命。 Mn13 austenitic high manganese steel was widely used as the manufacturing material of the above wearing parts at the earliest. High manganese steel has good toughness, but insufficient wear resistance, especially in the case of small impact load and contact stress, high manganese steel cannot fully demonstrate its superiority of work hardening, and the service life of castings is very low. Nickel-hard cast iron developed subsequently was not widely used because of its high price. High chromium cast iron is recognized as the third-generation anti-wear material after high manganese steel and nickel hard cast iron. It has high hardness, but it is not resistant to impact and is easy to crack, which affects the safety of wear parts. Therefore, it is necessary to study new wear-resistant and impact-resistant high-performance materials to improve the service life of wear parts.
目前公开有关磨损件表面增强的方法，如专利号为CN201010017158.1的一种送丝送粉复合激光熔覆成形方法及装置，该专利中公开在磨损件表面通过激光加热熔化磨损件表面形成熔池，在熔池内送入金属粉末和金属丝，而送入熔池内的金属粉末和金属丝均熔化在熔池内，这样对磨损件表面很难起到良好的防开裂和增韧作用。而申请号为CN201010616580.9的一种激光表面熔覆工艺熔覆层裂纹控制方法，该方法中采用处理好的直径在0.2㎜～0.3㎜网丝紧敷在金属表面，然后采用熔覆加工将网丝熔覆在金属表面内，网丝起到吸收裂纹扩展的作用，但该方法中的金属丝网受其直径影响所限，是难以实现织网的，成本极高；而该网丝直径相比金属纤维来说又属于较大直径的；在熔覆加工中，因网丝直径较大，由于冷却收缩后网丝与金属之间产生的空隙较大，导致内部结构无法致密，在网丝与金属间极易产生微型间隙，易产生松动和开裂，因此防裂效果并不理想；另外，该方法的网丝只能在熔覆网丝所在的网丝平面层上起到一定强化效果，也就是说强化作用仅能作用于网丝所存在的那一平面层上，并且网丝的厚度又很小，这样，工件整体的立体强度无法得到加强，易导致金属表面很容易破坏；此外，申请号为CN201010616580.9的文献所记载的方法理论上得出的材料性能是不均匀的，材料属于“各向异性材料”，即材料在各个方向上性能不一样，影响应用。 At present, methods for enhancing the surface of wear parts are disclosed. For example, the patent No. CN201010017158.1 is a wire-feeding and powder-feeding composite laser cladding forming method and device. In the molten pool, metal powder and wire are fed into the molten pool, and the metal powder and metal wire fed into the molten pool are all melted in the molten pool, so it is difficult to play a good role in preventing cracking and toughening the surface of the wear parts. And the application number is CN201010616580.9, a laser surface cladding process cladding layer crack control method, in this method, the processed mesh wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm is tightly applied to the metal surface, and then the cladding process is used to cover the cracks. The mesh is clad in the metal surface, and the mesh plays the role of absorbing the crack expansion, but the metal mesh in this method is limited by its diameter, it is difficult to realize the weaving of the mesh, and the cost is extremely high; and the diameter of the mesh Compared with metal fibers, it has a larger diameter; in the cladding process, due to the larger diameter of the mesh, due to the large gap between the mesh and the metal after cooling and shrinkage, the internal structure cannot be dense. It is very easy to produce micro gaps between the wire and the metal, and it is easy to cause loosening and cracking, so the anti-cracking effect is not ideal; in addition, the mesh of this method can only play a certain strengthening effect on the mesh plane layer where the cladding mesh is located. , that is to say, the strengthening effect can only act on the plane layer where the mesh exists, and the thickness of the mesh is very small. In this way, the overall three-dimensional strength of the workpiece cannot be strengthened, and the metal surface is easily damaged; in addition , the method recorded in the document with the application number CN201010616580.9 theoretically obtains inhomogeneous material properties, and the material belongs to "anisotropic material", that is, the material has different properties in all directions, which affects the application.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种金属纤维增强复合制作工艺，该工艺操作简单，不但具备全方位的高硬度、高耐磨性，还将具有高韧性，可大大提高耐磨件的使用寿命。 The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a metal fiber reinforced composite manufacturing process, which is easy to operate, not only has all-round high hardness and high wear resistance, but also has high toughness, which can greatly improve wear resistance service life of the parts.
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案：这种耐磨件金属纤维增强复合制作工艺，制作工艺如下步骤： The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem: the metal fiber reinforced composite manufacturing process of the wear-resistant parts, the manufacturing process is as follows:
（1）将耐磨件基体安装在数控机床上，根据耐磨件基体的形状，通过数控编程确定激光头的运行轨迹； (1) Install the wear-resistant part matrix on the CNC machine tool, and determine the running track of the laser head through numerical control programming according to the shape of the wear-resistant part matrix;
（2）采用CO2高能激光束按照特定工艺参数在耐磨件基体表面进行扫描辐照，激光束聚焦辐照在耐磨件基体表面上形成微型的熔池； (2) Use CO2 high-energy laser beam to scan and irradiate on the surface of the wear-resistant part substrate according to specific process parameters, and the laser beam is focused and irradiated to form a miniature molten pool on the surface of the wear-resistant part substrate;
（3）合金粉末在氩气或氦气等惰性气体的吹动下，沿着同轴送粉喷嘴的内部流道运动，在喷嘴下部呈倒置圆锥形喷出，合金粉末在空气中飞行一极短时间后汇聚注入熔池熔化； (3) Under the blowing of inert gas such as argon or helium, the alloy powder moves along the inner flow channel of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and is ejected in an inverted conical shape at the lower part of the nozzle, and the alloy powder flies one pole in the air After a short period of time, the molten pool will be converged and injected into the molten pool;
（4）金属纤维在氩气或氦气等惰性气体的吹动下，进入与熔池水平面成45度夹角的侧向喷嘴，侧向喷嘴下部对准熔池，金属纤维从侧向喷嘴喷出后，直接注入熔池，金属纤维的熔点远高于熔池温度，当激光束移开后，熔池中的液态金属迅速凝固、冷却，将金属纤维包裹其中，形成单道金属纤维增强复合材料覆层； (4) Under the blowing of inert gas such as argon or helium, the metal fiber enters the lateral nozzle at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane of the molten pool. The lower part of the lateral nozzle is aimed at the molten pool, and the metal fiber is sprayed from the lateral nozzle. After exiting, it is directly injected into the molten pool. The melting point of the metal fiber is much higher than the temperature of the molten pool. When the laser beam is removed, the liquid metal in the molten pool solidifies and cools rapidly, wrapping the metal fiber in it to form a single metal fiber reinforced composite. Material cladding;
（5）调整激光头的位置，紧挨着步骤（4）已成形的单道金属纤维增强复合材料覆层，进行第二道金属纤维增强覆层的成形，前后两道覆层搭接； (5) Adjust the position of the laser head, next to the formed single metal fiber reinforced composite material cladding in step (4), perform the forming of the second metal fiber reinforced composite cladding, and overlap the front and rear two claddings;
（6）重复步骤（5），实现大面积搭接，得到一定厚度及面积的强化层； (6) Repeat step (5) to achieve large-area overlap and obtain a reinforced layer with a certain thickness and area;
（7）一层强化层堆积完后，激光头上升一个强化层厚度的距离，重复步骤（1）到（6）的过程，在已成形的强化层上再堆积新的强化层，直到达到规定的高度，从而得到金属纤维增强的磨损件。 (7) After one layer of strengthening layer is piled up, the laser head rises a distance of the thickness of the strengthening layer, repeats the process of steps (1) to (6), and piles up a new strengthening layer on the formed strengthening layer until the specified height, resulting in metal fiber reinforced wear parts.
激光束经聚焦后，辐照到耐磨件基体上，形成表面微型熔池。合金粉末在载气流的吹动下，从同轴送粉喷嘴下部喷出，注入熔池熔化；同时金属纤维在载气流的吹动下，从侧向喷嘴下部喷出，注入熔池。因为金属纤维的熔点远高于合金粉的熔点，通过控制激光功率密度和扫描速度，可使熔池温度介于耐磨件基体（如高铬铸铁合金一般1550摄氏度左右）和金属纤维熔点（如钼纤维熔点2610摄氏度）之间，因而金属纤维不发生熔化，当激光束移开后，熔池中的液态金属迅速凝固、冷却，将金属纤维包裹其中，形成金属纤维增强复合材料。通过控制激光束的运行轨迹，并调整送粉机构，可以在磨损件表面得到不同形状的强化层；通过单道熔覆、多道搭接、多层堆积，最终可得到金属纤维增强的耐磨件，其性能大大提升。 After the laser beam is focused, it is irradiated onto the substrate of the wear-resistant part to form a micro molten pool on the surface. Under the blowing of the carrier air flow, the alloy powder is ejected from the lower part of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and injected into the molten pool for melting; at the same time, the metal fiber is ejected from the lower part of the lateral nozzle and injected into the molten pool under the blowing of the carrier air flow. Because the melting point of the metal fiber is much higher than that of the alloy powder, by controlling the laser power density and scanning speed, the temperature of the molten pool can be between the matrix of the wear-resistant part (such as high-chromium cast iron alloy, generally about 1550 degrees Celsius) and the melting point of the metal fiber (such as The melting point of molybdenum fiber is between 2610 degrees Celsius), so the metal fiber does not melt. When the laser beam is removed, the liquid metal in the molten pool solidifies and cools rapidly, wrapping the metal fiber in it, forming a metal fiber reinforced composite material. By controlling the trajectory of the laser beam and adjusting the powder feeding mechanism, different shapes of reinforcement layers can be obtained on the surface of the wear parts; through single-pass cladding, multi-pass bonding, and multi-layer accumulation, metal fiber-reinforced wear-resistant , its performance is greatly improved.
金属纤维的尺寸（如钼纤维，直径大约1.5um，长度150微米），金属纤维很细，并且长度大约是直径的100倍，金属纤维比较容易输送，可在载气的输送下直接注入熔池，而实现均匀分布，由于金属纤维很细，进入金属内后与金属紧密接触，结合后的内部结构致密，不易产生间隙。在金属纤维加入耐磨件后，阻碍晶界、位错的运动，增加材料强度、硬度和耐磨性；其次，弥散分布的金属纤维还起到类似蜘蛛网的效应，局部受到的冲击力经金属纤维的传导向周围扩散，因此，不会发生局部受力超过材料的强度而开裂，从而提高材料的抗冲击能力，即增加材料的韧性；此外，将金属纤维注入熔池后，金属纤维起到激冷作用，使耐磨件基体金属的过冷度增大，促进非均匀形核，使晶体形核率大大增加；冷却速度增大，阻止晶粒长大，使晶粒大大细化，晶粒细化后材料的强度、硬度、耐磨性和塑性、韧性都得到提升。 The size of the metal fiber (such as molybdenum fiber, the diameter is about 1.5um, the length is 150 microns), the metal fiber is very thin, and the length is about 100 times the diameter, the metal fiber is relatively easy to transport, and can be directly injected into the molten pool under the transport of carrier gas , and to achieve uniform distribution, because the metal fiber is very thin, it will be in close contact with the metal after entering the metal, and the internal structure after the combination is dense, and it is not easy to produce gaps. After the metal fiber is added to the wear-resistant parts, it hinders the movement of grain boundaries and dislocations, and increases the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the material; secondly, the dispersed metal fiber also acts like a spider web, and the local impact force is passed through The conduction of the metal fiber diffuses to the surroundings, so there will be no cracking due to local force exceeding the strength of the material, thereby improving the impact resistance of the material, that is, increasing the toughness of the material; in addition, after injecting the metal fiber into the molten pool, the metal fiber will The quenching effect increases the supercooling degree of the base metal of the wear-resistant parts, promotes non-uniform nucleation, and greatly increases the crystal nucleation rate; increases the cooling rate, prevents the growth of the grains, and greatly refines the grains. After grain refinement, the strength, hardness, wear resistance, plasticity and toughness of the material are all improved.
金属纤维为钼丝、钛纤维、钨纤维及高熔点不锈钢纤维中的一种，平均直径1.5μm，平均长度150μm。 The metal fiber is one of molybdenum wire, titanium fiber, tungsten fiber and high melting point stainless steel fiber, with an average diameter of 1.5 μm and an average length of 150 μm.
激光功率为2.0×103~8.0×103W，激光束半径为5~15mm，送粉速度为5~15g/min，激光扫描速度为0.2~0.8m/min，搭接系数为35%~45%。 The laser power is 2.0×10 3 ~8.0×10 3 W, the laser beam radius is 5~15mm, the powder feeding speed is 5~15g/min, the laser scanning speed is 0.2~0.8m/min, and the overlap coefficient is 35%~ 45%.
其中耐磨件基体为破碎机锤头、齿板、轧臼壁、破碎壁或挖掘机铲齿。 The matrix of the wear-resistant part is the hammer head of the crusher, the tooth plate, the wall of the rolling socket, the crushing wall or the shovel teeth of the excavator.
本发明有益的效果是：本发明耐磨材料及其制备工艺，既可以进行磨损件的表面强化，也可以对磨损件进行修复，甚至直接制造金属纤维强化零件，强化金属内部结构，不仅限于金属表面或一个平面上。金属纤维加入后，一方面阻碍晶界、位错的运动，增加材料强度、硬度、耐磨性；另一方面弥散分布的金属纤维还起到类似蜘蛛网的效应，即具部受到的冲击力经金属纤维的传导向周围扩散，因此，不会发生局部受力超过材料的强度而开裂，从而提高材料的抗冲击能力，即增加耐磨件基体的韧性。通过本工艺制备而成的材料均匀，各向同性，各个方向性能一致，应用效果非常好。 The beneficial effect of the present invention is: the wear-resistant material and its preparation process of the present invention can not only strengthen the surface of the wear parts, but also repair the wear parts, and even directly manufacture metal fiber reinforced parts to strengthen the internal structure of the metal, not only limited to metal surface or a flat surface. After the metal fiber is added, on the one hand, it hinders the movement of grain boundaries and dislocations, and increases the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the material; It diffuses to the surrounding through the conduction of the metal fiber, so there will be no cracking due to local force exceeding the strength of the material, thereby improving the impact resistance of the material, that is, increasing the toughness of the wear-resistant part matrix. The material prepared by the process is uniform, isotropic, has consistent properties in all directions, and has very good application effects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明金属纤维增强复合材料制作示意图； Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of making metal fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention;
附图标记说明：工作台1，锤头2，金属纤维增强复合材料覆层3，侧向喷嘴4，激光头5，合金粉末入口6，同轴送粉喷嘴7，激光束8。 Explanation of reference numerals: workbench 1, hammer head 2, metal fiber reinforced composite material cladding 3, lateral nozzle 4, laser head 5, alloy powder inlet 6, coaxial powder feeding nozzle 7, laser beam 8.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明： The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
参照附图：以破碎机锤头为例，其形状如图1所示。这种耐磨件金属纤维增强复合制作工艺，制作工艺如下步骤： Referring to the accompanying drawings: Take the hammer head of a crusher as an example, its shape is shown in Figure 1. This kind of metal fiber reinforced composite manufacturing process for wear-resistant parts, the manufacturing process is as follows:
（1）在工作台1上，用卡盘、夹具将锤头2固定，并使之可随卡盘转动。根据锤头2表面的形状，通过数控编程确定激光头的运行轨迹； (1) On the workbench 1, fix the hammer head 2 with a chuck and a fixture, and make it rotate with the chuck. According to the shape of the surface of the hammer head 2, the trajectory of the laser head is determined through numerical control programming;
（2）调整激光头与锤头2表面的距离，使激光束8正好聚焦到锤头2的表面上，采用CO2高能激光束按照（1）中确定的激光头运行轨迹在耐磨件基体表面进行扫描辐照，在锤头2表面形成圆形熔池； (2) Adjust the distance between the laser head and the surface of the hammer head 2, so that the laser beam 8 is just focused on the surface of the hammer head 2, and the CO 2 high-energy laser beam is used to follow the trajectory of the laser head determined in (1) on the substrate of the wear-resistant part The surface is scanned and irradiated to form a circular molten pool on the surface of the hammer head 2;
（3）合金粉末在氩气或氦气等惰性气体的吹动下，从粉末载气入口6进入同轴送粉喷嘴7，沿着同轴送粉喷嘴7的内部流道运动，在喷嘴下部呈倒置圆锥形喷出，合金粉末在空气中飞行一极短时间后汇聚注入熔池熔化。 (3) Under the blowing of inert gas such as argon or helium, the alloy powder enters the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 7 from the powder carrier gas inlet 6, moves along the inner flow path of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 7, and passes through the lower part of the nozzle. It is ejected in an inverted conical shape, and the alloy powder is flown in the air for a very short time and then converged and injected into the molten pool for melting.
（4）平均直径1.5微米，平均长度150微米的金属钼纤维在氩气或氦气等惰性气体的吹动下，进入与熔池水平面成45度夹角的侧向喷嘴4，侧向喷嘴通过支架固定在同轴送粉喷嘴上，其下部对准熔池，金属纤维从侧向喷嘴4喷出后，直接注入熔池，金属纤维的熔点远高于熔池温度，当激光束移开后，熔池中的液态金属迅速凝固、冷却，将金属纤维包裹在其中，形成单道金属纤维增强复合材料覆层3； (4) Metal molybdenum fibers with an average diameter of 1.5 microns and an average length of 150 microns are blown by an inert gas such as argon or helium, and enter the lateral nozzle 4 at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane of the molten pool, and the lateral nozzle passes through The bracket is fixed on the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and its lower part is aimed at the molten pool. After the metal fiber is ejected from the side nozzle 4, it is directly injected into the molten pool. The melting point of the metal fiber is much higher than the temperature of the molten pool. When the laser beam is removed , the liquid metal in the molten pool is rapidly solidified and cooled, and the metal fibers are wrapped in it to form a single metal fiber reinforced composite cladding 3;
（5）调整激光头5的位置，紧挨着步骤（4）已成形的单道金属纤维增强复合材料覆层3，进行第二道金属纤维增强覆层的成形，前后两道覆层搭接，搭接率为35~45%； (5) Adjust the position of the laser head 5, next to the formed single metal fiber reinforced composite material cladding 3 in step (4), carry out the forming of the second metal fiber reinforced composite cladding, and the front and rear two claddings are overlapped , the overlapping rate is 35~45%;
（6）重复步骤（5），实现大面积搭接，得到一定厚度及面积的强化层； (6) Repeat step (5) to achieve large-area overlap and obtain a reinforced layer with a certain thickness and area;
（7）一层强化层堆积完后，激光头上升一个强化层厚度的距离，重复步骤（1）到（6）的过程，在已成形的强化层上再堆积新的强化层，直到达到规定的高度，从而得到金属纤维增强的磨损件。 (7) After one layer of strengthening layer is piled up, the laser head rises a distance of the thickness of the strengthening layer, repeats the process of steps (1) to (6), and piles up a new strengthening layer on the formed strengthening layer until the specified height, resulting in metal fiber reinforced wear parts.
激光功率为2.0×103~8.0×103W，激光束半径为5~15mm，送粉速度为5~15g/min，激光扫描速度为0.2~0.8m/min，搭接系数为35%~45%。耐磨件基体为破碎机锤头、齿板、轧臼壁、破碎壁或挖掘机铲齿。 The laser power is 2.0×10 3 ~8.0×10 3 W, the laser beam radius is 5~15mm, the powder feeding speed is 5~15g/min, the laser scanning speed is 0.2~0.8m/min, and the overlap coefficient is 35%~ 45%. The matrix of the wear-resistant part is the hammer head of the crusher, the tooth plate, the wall of the rolling socket, the broken wall or the shovel teeth of the excavator.
金属增强复合材料的性能参数对比如下（对比组一采用合金粉末和金属丝熔覆在耐磨件表面形成高铬铸铁；对比组二采用金属网丝熔覆在金属表面形成；实施例一采用本发明的加工方法，以钼纤维增韧高铬铸铁材料）： The performance parameters of metal-reinforced composite materials are compared as follows (comparison group 1 adopts alloy powder and metal wire cladding to form high-chromium cast iron on the surface of wear-resistant parts; comparison group 2 adopts metal mesh cladding to form metal surface; embodiment 1 uses this Invented processing method, toughened high chromium cast iron material with molybdenum fiber):
虽然本发明已通过参考优选的实施例进行了图示和描述，但是，本专业普通技术人员应当了解，在权利要求书的范围内，可作形式和细节上的各种各样变化。 Although the invention has been shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made within the scope of the claims.
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