CN103545786B - A kind of protective device of leakage current - Google Patents
A kind of protective device of leakage current Download PDFInfo
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- CN103545786B CN103545786B CN201310492841.4A CN201310492841A CN103545786B CN 103545786 B CN103545786 B CN 103545786B CN 201310492841 A CN201310492841 A CN 201310492841A CN 103545786 B CN103545786 B CN 103545786B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of protective device of leakage current, comprise leakage current isolation sampling unit, protecting field detection of connectivity unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit, signal output unit and relay control unit; Wherein, leakage current isolation sampling unit gathers the leakage current signal that external loading produces, and be sent to full-wave rectification amplifying unit and carry out rectification amplification, the leakage current signal after amplifying through over commutation is sent to signal output unit and relay control unit by full-wave rectification amplifying unit; Protecting field detection of connectivity unit connects relay control unit; processor in relay control unit sends initiatively leakage current enabling signal; initiatively leakage current enabling signal controls optocoupler conducting; produce initiatively leakage current; initiatively leakage current is isolated sampling unit, full-wave rectification amplifying unit and signal output unit through leakage current and is sent to processor in relay control unit; whether processor, according to active leakage current, detects protecting field and connects and exchanges and input phase sequence whether misconnection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power electronics, relates to a leakage current protection device, and particularly relates to a connectivity detection and leakage current detection device for a protected area.
Background
Various electric products are widely entered into families of users, and household electric water heaters and the like are familiar and accepted by the users for a long time and are commonly used. The leakage protection is used as a necessary function of an electric water heater, a refrigerator and the like to bring certain safety guarantee for users, however, part of users are still injured by leakage every year, and the reason for the leakage protection is not the failure of the leakage protection function but the unreliable electricity utilization environment, namely the connection or grounding is not protected. If the electrical equipment leaks electricity, when reliable grounding is not available, personnel electric shock accidents can happen.
The leakage current detection is generally composed of a zero sequence current transformer, an integrated leakage current detection IC, a relay drive circuit, and an electromagnetic relay. And when the amplitude of the leakage signal exceeds a set threshold value, the integrated leakage detection IC drives a coil of the electromagnetic relay, so that an alternating current input power supply and electric equipment are disconnected.
Disclosure of Invention
The existing leakage detection circuit only has hardware protection, and when the detection circuit has a fault, self diagnosis cannot be carried out, and the protection fails. In addition, the leakage detection circuit has no protected ground connectivity detection, does not use phase sequence error connection detection, and has electric shock hidden danger.
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a leakage current protection device, which includes a leakage current isolation sampling unit, a protection ground connectivity detection unit, a full-wave rectification amplification unit, a signal output unit, and a relay control unit; the leakage current isolation sampling unit is used for acquiring a leakage current signal generated by an external load and transmitting the leakage current signal to the full-wave rectification amplification unit for rectification and amplification, and the full-wave rectification amplification unit transmits the rectified and amplified leakage current signal to the signal output unit and the relay control unit; the signal output unit compares the leakage current with a hardware protection threshold, and if the leakage current exceeds the hardware protection threshold, the signal output unit controls the relay control unit to output a protection signal, controls the relay to act and disconnects the external load from an alternating current input power supply; the relay control unit comprises a processor, the magnitude of the leakage current is calculated according to the leakage current signal and is compared with a software protection threshold value set by the processor, if the magnitude of the leakage current exceeds the software protection threshold value, the relay control unit is controlled to output a protection signal, the relay is controlled to act, and the external load is disconnected from an alternating current input power supply; the protection ground connectivity detection unit is connected with the relay control unit, a processor in the relay control unit sends an active leakage current starting signal, the active leakage current starting signal controls the conduction of an optical coupler, so that an input alternating current phase line and a protective ground line are communicated, active leakage current is generated, the active leakage current is transmitted to the processor in the relay control unit through the leakage current isolation sampling unit, the full-wave rectification amplification unit and the signal output unit, and the processor detects whether a protection ground is connected and whether an alternating current input phase sequence is misconnected according to the active leakage current.
Further, in an embodiment, the leakage current isolation sampling unit includes a zero sequence current transformer, a protection diode, and a filter capacitor; the zero sequence current transformer converts the leakage current signal into an isolation electrical signal in direct proportion to the magnitude of the leakage current, the protection diode is used for clamping the large leakage current to generate overhigh voltage at an input port of the precision operational amplifier to protect the precision operational amplifier from being damaged by the overhigh leakage current, and the filter capacitor is used for filtering out high-frequency interference signals superposed on the waveform of the leakage current signal.
Further, in one embodiment, the full-wave rectification amplification unit comprises a resistor for signal rectification and amplification, a diode for signal rectification and amplification, and an operational amplifier for signal rectification and amplification; the resistor for signal rectification and amplification, the diode for signal rectification and amplification and the operational amplifier for signal rectification and amplification are used for rectifying and amplifying the leakage current signal.
Further, in an embodiment, the protection ground connectivity detection unit includes an active leakage current adjusting resistor and an isolation optocoupler; the isolation optocoupler is used for isolating an input alternating current power supply and a control circuit to separate strong current from weak current; the active leakage current adjusting resistor is used for adjusting the size of the active leakage current.
Further, in an embodiment, the signal output unit includes an RC filter, a hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor, and a comparator; the RC filter is used for filtering high-frequency interference signals on leakage current signals rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification amplification unit, the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor is used for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance value of the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor is adjusted to change the hardware protection threshold level, the comparator is used for comparing the leakage current signals rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification amplification unit with the hardware protection threshold level, when the leakage current signals rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification amplification unit exceed the hardware protection threshold level, the comparator outputs level inversion, outputs hardware protection signals, and controls the relay to act after latching.
Further, in an embodiment, the relay control unit includes a hardware protection output signal latch, a relay driving circuit, and the processor; the latch is used for latching the hardware protection signal output by the comparator to maintain the hardware protection state unchanged, and the relay driving circuit is used for driving the relay to enable the relay to execute a protection instruction so as to cut off a load from an alternating current power supply.
Further, in an embodiment, the processor in the relay control unit is a single chip microcomputer.
The leakage current protection device of the embodiment of the invention can realize the isolated sampling of the leakage current and accurately detect the size of the leakage current through the precise full-wave rectification amplifying circuit; the grading protection can be realized by setting different software protection threshold values and hardware protection threshold values, so that the dual protection function is achieved; and moreover, the detection of the connectivity of a protection ground is realized by utilizing a leakage current detection function loop and an active leakage current generation circuit, so that the reliable connection of the protection ground is ensured. Therefore, the leakage current protection device has the functions of detecting the connectivity of the comprehensive protection ground and detecting the leakage current, can judge whether the phase sequence of the alternating current input power supply is misconnected or not through software, and does not increase hardware and cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a leakage current protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a leakage current protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of the leakage current protection device in the detection process according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a device for detecting connectivity of a protection ground and protecting leakage current, which not only can accurately detect the size of the leakage current, but also has the functions of detecting the connectivity of the protection ground and carrying out alternate current input phase sequence misconnection, and also has the functions of double protection of software and hardware, self diagnosis of circuit fault detection and the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a leakage current protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the leakage current protection device of the present embodiment includes: a leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, a protected ground connectivity detection unit 102, a full-wave rectification amplification unit 103, a signal output unit 104, and a relay control unit 105.
The leakage current isolation sampling unit 101 is configured to collect a leakage current signal generated by an external load, and transmit the leakage current signal to the full-wave rectification amplification unit 103 for rectification and amplification, and the full-wave rectification amplification unit 103 transmits the rectified and amplified leakage current signal to the signal output unit 104 and the relay control unit 105.
The signal output unit 104 compares the leakage current with a hardware protection threshold, and if the leakage current exceeds the hardware protection threshold, controls the relay control unit 105 to output a protection signal, controls the relay to operate, and disconnects the external load from the ac input power supply.
The relay control unit comprises a processor, the magnitude of the leakage current is calculated according to the leakage current signal and is compared with a software protection threshold value set by the processor, if the magnitude of the leakage current exceeds the software protection threshold value, the relay control unit is controlled to output a protection signal, the relay is controlled to act, and the external load is disconnected from the alternating current input power supply.
The ground protection connectivity detection unit 102 is connected with the relay control unit 105, a processor in the relay control unit sends an active leakage current starting signal, the active leakage current starting signal controls the conduction of an optical coupler, so that an input alternating current phase line and a protective ground line are communicated, active leakage current is generated, the active leakage current is transmitted to the processor in the relay control unit 105 through the leakage current isolation sampling unit 101, the full-wave rectification amplification unit 103 and the signal output unit 104, and the processor detects whether the ground protection is connected and whether the alternating current input phase sequence is misconnected according to the active leakage current.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a leakage current protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the leakage current isolation sampling unit 101 shown in fig. 1 includes a zero sequence current transformer 120, protection diodes 121 and 123, and a filter capacitor 124. The zero sequence current transformer 120 converts the leakage current signal into an isolation electrical signal proportional to the magnitude of the leakage current, the protection diodes 121 and 123 are used for clamping the large leakage current to generate an excessive voltage at an input port of a precision operational amplifier to protect the precision operational amplifier from being damaged by the excessive leakage current, and the filter capacitor 124 is used for filtering out a high-frequency interference signal superimposed on the waveform of the leakage current signal.
In the present embodiment, the full-wave rectification and amplification unit 103 in fig. 1 includes resistors 126, 130, 127, and 134 for signal rectification and amplification, diodes 132, 133, 135, and 137 for signal rectification and amplification, and operational amplifiers 131 and 136 for signal rectification and amplification; the resistors 126, 130, 127, and 134 for signal rectification and amplification, the diodes 132, 133, 135, and 137 for signal rectification and amplification, and the operational amplifiers 131 and 136 for signal rectification and amplification are used to rectify and amplify the leakage current signal.
In this embodiment, the ground protection connectivity detection unit 102 in fig. 1 includes an active leakage current adjustment resistor 128 and an isolation optocoupler 129; the isolation optocoupler 129 is used for isolating an input alternating current power supply from a control circuit to separate strong current from weak current; the active leakage current adjusting resistor 128 is used for adjusting the magnitude of the active leakage current.
In the present embodiment, the signal output unit 104 in fig. 1 includes RC filters 141 and 142, hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistors 138 and 139, and a comparator 140. The RC filters 141 and 142 are configured to filter high-frequency interference signals on the leakage current signal rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification and amplification unit 103, the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistors 138 and 139 are configured to provide a hardware protection threshold level, a resistance value of the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor is adjusted to change the hardware protection threshold level, the comparator 140 is configured to compare the leakage current signal rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification and amplification unit 103 with the hardware protection threshold level, when the leakage current signal rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification and amplification unit 103 exceeds the hardware protection threshold level, the comparator 140 outputs a level inversion, outputs a hardware protection signal, and controls the relay to operate after being latched.
In this embodiment, the relay control unit in fig. 1 includes a hardware protection output signal latch 143, a relay driving circuit 144, and the processor 145. The latch 143 is configured to latch the hardware protection signal output by the comparator 140 to maintain the hardware protection state unchanged, and only after the leakage current fault is cleared, the latch state of the hardware protection signal can be released after controlling to power on again or the MCU outputs an unlock instruction. The relay driver circuit 144 is configured to drive the relay to execute a protection command to remove the load from the ac power source.
In this embodiment, the processor 145 in the relay control unit may be a single chip microcomputer or a microcontroller MCU.
The leakage current protection device of fig. 1 and 2 can be used for detecting leakage current and detecting protected ground connectivity, and referring to fig. 2, the following implementation is specifically implemented:
1. and (3) leakage current detection:
the sinusoidal leakage current signal collected by the leakage current isolation sampling unit 101 is sent to the full-wave rectification amplification unit 103, and then the rectified and amplified sinusoidal signal is output. The signal is divided into two paths, one path is sent to the processor 145 for sampling processing through software, the magnitude of the leakage current is calculated in real time and compared with a protection threshold set by the software to judge whether the leakage current exceeds a limit value or not. And the other path is compared with a hardware protection threshold value to judge whether the hardware protection threshold value is exceeded or not. When the leakage current exceeds the threshold set by software or the threshold set by hardware, the processor or the hardware outputs a protection signal, and the protection signal is sent to the relay driving circuit to push the relay to act, so that the load is disconnected from the AC input power supply. The detection of leakage current is calculated as follows:
inputting conditions:
actual leakage current, Ileak;
turn ratio of zero-sequence current transformer, 1: n;
a full-wave rectification amplification resistor, wherein R1= R7= Ra, R8= Rb, R2= R7+ R8= Ra + Rb;
then the leakage current Ileak _ s detected by the processor:
Ileak_s=(Ileak/n)*(1+Rb/Ra)
therefore, the actual leakage current can be accurately detected, and the resistance value can be conveniently changed to adjust the amplification factor.
2. Protected ground connectivity detection:
the ground protection connectivity detection unit 102 is also an active leakage current generation unit. When the protected ground connectivity is detected, the processor 145 outputs a low level, and the isolation optocoupler 129 is turned on. When the input ac phase line L and the zero line N are correctly connected, the ac input generates an active leakage current through the active leakage current adjusting resistor 128 and the isolating optocoupler 129, and the magnitude of the active leakage current is:
ileak ≈ Uin/R11 (negligible voltage drop across the isolating optocoupler), where Uin is the voltage between the ac phase line L and the neutral line N, i.e. the grid voltage.
The isolation optocoupler 129 is used for isolating an input alternating current power supply from the control circuit, so that strong current and weak current are separated, and electric shock is avoided when a person touches the control circuit. The isolating optocoupler 129 acts as a bi-directional switch and can be controlled to turn on and off by the processor 145.
The ground wire PE and the neutral wire N are equipotential, when the processor 145 controls the isolation optocoupler 129 to conduct, if the phase sequence of the ac phase line L and the neutral wire N is correct, the ac phase line L and the ground wire PE will be communicated with the isolation optocoupler U4 through the active leakage current adjusting resistor R11, at this time, an active leakage current will be generated on the active leakage current adjusting resistor R11, and similarly, the same current as the active leakage current adjusting resistor R11 flows through the zero-sequence current transformer 125.
It can be seen that different resistance values are selected to make the active leakage current smaller or larger than the leakage current protection threshold, and generally, in order to not affect the normal detection of the leakage current, if the connectivity detection of the protection ground is performed uninterruptedly, the active leakage current should be made much smaller than the leakage current protection threshold; if the connectivity of the protected area is detected discontinuously, the magnitude of the active leakage current can be selected more flexibly according to the period length of the discontinuity. And the generated active leakage current is isolated and transmitted to leakage current detection units such as a full-wave rectification amplifying circuit and the like through a zero sequence current transformer. The active leakage current is sent to the processor 145 after passing through the leakage current detection function loop, and whether the protection ground is normally connected or not can be judged through sampling calculation. This is because the active leakage current is equal to the current flowing through the active leakage current adjusting resistor R11, and if the ground line PE is not connected, no current is generated in the active leakage current adjusting resistor R11 after the processor sends the active leakage current detection signal (i.e., the optocoupler is turned on).
By using the ground protection connectivity detection function, if the ground protection is connected correctly, when the processor 145 outputs a low level to control the conduction of the isolation optocoupler 129, if the processor 145 cannot collect actively generated leakage current, the phase sequence connection of the alternating current input phase line L and the zero line N is wrong.
3. Self-diagnosis function:
through the protective earth connectivity detection and leakage current detection functional unit, active leakage current cannot be detected, or the detected waveform distortion of the active leakage current is abnormal, and then the protective earth connection fault or phase sequence error or the detection circuit fault can be judged and an alarm signal is sent out. The detection circuit comprises a 101 leakage current isolation sampling unit, a 102 protected connectivity detection unit, a 103 precision full-wave rectification amplification unit and a 104 signal output unit. By writing a code into the processor 145, an active leakage current detection instruction is periodically issued, and then the processor 145 analyzes and compares the sampled leakage current signal to determine whether the power connection or the detection circuit has a fault.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of the leakage current protection device in the detection process according to the embodiment of the invention. As shown, a curve 201 in fig. 3 is a leakage current detection output current signal (corresponding to the leakage current signal filtered by the RC filters 141 and 142 in fig. 2), where a curve 210 is a sum of the detected actual leakage current and the active leakage current, a curve 211 is the detected active leakage current, a curve 213 is the detected actual leakage current, and a curve 214 represents no actual leakage current and no active leakage current; the curve 202 is a relatively strong output waveform of the hardware (corresponding to the output signal of the comparator 140 in fig. 1), and when the detected leakage current (including the actual leakage current and the active leakage current) is greater than the hardware protection threshold set by the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistors 138 and 139, the comparator 140 outputs a low level, and further pushes the relay to disconnect the load and the ac input power supply after latching through the latch.
The leakage current protection device of the embodiment of the invention can realize the isolated sampling of the leakage current and accurately detect the size of the leakage current through the precise full-wave rectification amplifying circuit; the grading protection can be realized by setting different software protection threshold values and hardware protection threshold values, so that the dual protection function is achieved; and moreover, the detection of the connectivity of a protection ground is realized by utilizing a leakage current detection function loop and an active leakage current generation circuit, so that the reliable connection of the protection ground is ensured. Therefore, the leakage current protection device has the functions of detecting the connectivity of the comprehensive protection ground and detecting the leakage current, can judge whether the phase sequence of the alternating current input power supply is misconnected or not through software, and does not increase hardware and cost.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A leakage current protection device is characterized by comprising a leakage current isolation sampling unit, a protection ground connectivity detection unit, a full-wave rectification amplification unit, a signal output unit and a relay control unit; wherein,
the leakage current isolation sampling unit is used for collecting a leakage current signal generated by an external load and transmitting the leakage current signal to the full-wave rectification amplification unit for rectification and amplification, and the full-wave rectification amplification unit transmits the rectified and amplified leakage current signal to the signal output unit and the relay control unit;
the signal output unit compares the leakage current with a hardware protection threshold, and if the leakage current exceeds the hardware protection threshold, the signal output unit controls the relay control unit to output a protection signal, controls the relay to act and disconnects the external load from an alternating current input power supply;
the relay control unit comprises a processor, the magnitude of the leakage current is calculated according to the leakage current signal and is compared with a software protection threshold value set by the processor, if the magnitude of the leakage current exceeds the software protection threshold value, the relay control unit is controlled to output a protection signal, the relay is controlled to act, and the external load is disconnected from an alternating current input power supply;
the protection ground connectivity detection unit is connected with the relay control unit, a processor in the relay control unit sends an active leakage current starting signal, the active leakage current starting signal controls the conduction of an optocoupler, so that an input alternating current phase line and a protective ground line are communicated and active leakage current is generated, the active leakage current is transmitted to the processor in the relay control unit through the leakage current isolation sampling unit, the full-wave rectification amplification unit and the signal output unit, and the processor detects whether a protection ground is connected and whether an alternating current input phase sequence is misconnected according to the active leakage current;
the protection ground connectivity detection unit comprises an active leakage current adjusting resistor and an isolation optocoupler;
the isolation optocoupler is used for isolating an input alternating current power supply and a control circuit to separate strong current from weak current;
the active leakage current adjusting resistor is used for adjusting the size of the active leakage current.
2. The leakage current protection device of claim 1, wherein the leakage current isolation sampling unit comprises a zero sequence current transformer, a protection diode, and a filter capacitor;
the zero sequence current transformer converts the leakage current signal into an isolation electrical signal in direct proportion to the magnitude of the leakage current, the protection diode is used for clamping the large leakage current to generate overhigh voltage at an input port of the precision operational amplifier to protect the precision operational amplifier from being damaged by the overhigh leakage current, and the filter capacitor is used for filtering out high-frequency interference signals superposed on the waveform of the leakage current signal.
3. The leakage current protection device of claim 1, wherein the full-wave rectification amplification unit comprises a resistor for signal rectification and amplification, a diode for signal rectification and amplification, and an operational amplifier for signal rectification and amplification;
the resistor for signal rectification and amplification, the diode for signal rectification and amplification and the operational amplifier for signal rectification and amplification are used for rectifying and amplifying the leakage current signal.
4. The leakage current protection device of claim 1, wherein said signal output unit comprises an RC filter, a hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor, and a comparator;
the RC filter is used for filtering high-frequency interference signals on leakage current signals rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification amplification unit, the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor is used for providing hardware protection threshold level, the resistance value of the hardware protection threshold voltage dividing resistor is adjusted to change the hardware protection threshold level, the comparator is used for comparing the leakage current signals rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification amplification unit with the hardware protection threshold level, when the leakage current signals rectified and amplified by the full-wave rectification amplification unit exceed the hardware protection threshold level, the comparator outputs level inversion, outputs hardware protection signals, and controls the relay to act after latching.
5. The leakage current protection device of claim 4, wherein said relay control unit comprises a hardware protection output signal latch, a relay driver circuit, and said processor;
the latch is used for latching the hardware protection signal output by the comparator to maintain the hardware protection state unchanged, and the relay driving circuit is used for driving the relay to enable the relay to execute a protection instruction so as to cut off a load from an alternating current power supply.
6. The leakage current protection device of claim 5 wherein the processor in the relay control unit is a single-chip microcomputer.
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| CN200953469Y (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2007-09-26 | 石家庄国耀电子科技有限公司 | Electric protector for vehicular equipment |
| CN101459302A (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2009-06-17 | 钱加灿 | All-purpose leakage protection plug for ground wire live trip |
| CN101900771A (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2010-12-01 | 西门子公司 | RCD detection device and detection method |
| CN201975753U (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-09-14 | 卫星电子（中山）有限公司 | A water heater leakage automatic detection circuit |
| CN102393485A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-03-28 | 福建俊豪电子有限公司 | Detection module for multi-loop leakage current |
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