CN103537981A - Superfinishing method for outer circle of high-precision cylindrical part - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a superfinishing method for the outer circle of a high-precision cylindrical part. A machining device for achieving the superfinishing method comprises an upper grinding disc, a holder and a lower grinding disc, wherein the holder is located between the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc, the rotating shaft of the upper grinding disc and the rotating shaft of the lower grinding disc are coaxially arranged, a certain offset distance exists between the axial line of holder and the upper grinding disc and between the axial line of the holder and the lower grinding disc, and the holder is connected with a holder driving crank shaft. The upper grinding disc, the lower grinding disc, the holder and the holder driving crank shaft can all independently rotate according to the respective speeds. A cylindrical part to be machined is arranged on a working position of the holder, the center of the holder carries out obit motion around the rotating shaft of the upper grinding disc and the rotating shaft of the lower grinding disc under the driving of the holder driving crank shaft, and meanwhile the holder maintains spin notion around the center of the holder. The cylindrical part carries out complex space rolling and rotational motion under the driving of the holder, the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc. Machining load is applied to the cylindrical part through the upper grinding disc. Superfinishing is carried out on the outer circle of the cylindrical part by matching the plane of the upper grinding disc and the plane of the lower grinding disc with grinding materials. According to the superfinishing method for the outer circle of the high-precision cylindrical part, evenness and machining uniformity are good.

Description

A superfinishing method for the outer circle of high-precision cylindrical parts

technical field

The invention relates to a method for machining the outer circle of a cylindrical part, in particular to a method for machining the outer circle of a cylindrical part based on double-plane grinding.

Background technique

Bearings are important and key basic components in the equipment manufacturing industry, which directly determine the performance, quality and reliability of major equipment and host products, and are known as the "heart" components of equipment manufacturing. Precision cylindrical parts are the key parts of bearings, and their precision and consistency play a vital role in the working performance and service life of bearings.

At present, the batch processing of cylindrical parts generally adopts the centerless grinding method at home and abroad. It is a grinding process with an indefinite center of the workpiece. It does not need to clamp and position the workpiece during processing. The processing efficiency is high and it can be well used for large-scale grinding. Mass production, but the biggest problem of centerless grinding is that it cannot solve the problem that the movement axis of the part is always consistent with the axis of the driving wheel and the guide wheel during the processing, which greatly affects the uniformity of the surface grinding of the workpiece. Thus processing consistency cannot be guaranteed. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the performance of equipment and instruments, higher and higher requirements have been put forward for the accuracy and consistency of cylindrical rollers. It is necessary to develop a batch processing method for the outer circle of high-precision cylindrical parts.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of poor uniformity and poor processing consistency of existing cylindrical parts outer circle processing methods, the present invention provides a high-precision outer circle superfinishing of cylindrical parts with good uniformity and good processing consistency method.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

A method for superfinishing the outer circle of a high-precision cylindrical part. The processing device for realizing the processing method includes an upper grinding disc, a cage and a lower grinding disc, the upper grinding disc is located above the lower grinding disc, and the holding The frame is located between the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc, the rotating shaft of the upper grinding disc and the rotating shaft of the lower grinding disc are arranged coaxially, and there is a definite offset between the axis line of the cage and the rotating shafts of the upper and lower grinding discs, so The above-mentioned cage is connected with the crankshaft driven by the cage; the upper grinding disc, the lower grinding disc, the cage and the crankshaft driven by the cage can all rotate independently at their respective speeds;

The processing method includes the following process: placing the cylindrical part to be processed on the station of the cage, driven by the drive crankshaft of the cage, the center of the cage makes a revolution around the rotating shaft of the upper and lower grinding discs, and at the same time the cage It rotates around its own center; driven by the cage and the upper and lower grinding discs, the cylindrical parts perform complex spatial rolling and rotary motions; the processing load is applied to the cylindrical parts through the upper grinding disc; through the plane of the upper and lower grinding discs Cooperate with abrasives to perform superfinishing on the outer circle of cylindrical parts.

Further, during processing, material removal is achieved by using fixed abrasives or free abrasives;

Furthermore, during processing, polishing pads or fixed abrasives are pasted on the grinding disc.

Still further, the crankshaft driven by the cage is a broken-line shaft, there is a definite offset between the axis centers at the upper and lower ends of the crankshaft, the rotating shaft of the lower grinding disc is hollow, and the middle part of the lower grinding disc has a through hole. The crankshaft passes through the inner chamber of the rotating shaft and the through hole of the lower grinding disc.

The central hole of the cage is connected with the crankshaft driven by the cage.

The cage is disc-shaped, and processing slots for placing parts to be processed are opened on the disc surface of the cage, and are distributed radially, concentrically or in a grid.

The technical idea of the present invention is: the cylindrical workpieces to be processed are placed in a cage between the upper and lower grinding discs in a certain arrangement, and the upper and lower grinding discs and the cage form a parallel plane. Under the action of processing load, the workpiece is in contact with the upper and lower grinding discs; the upper and lower grinding discs and the cage can rotate according to their respective speeds, and the cage can perform rotation and eccentric revolution under the drive of the drive shaft of the cage; the cylinder Under the action of the upper and lower grinding discs and the cage, the shaped workpiece revolves around the center of the cage and rolls itself at the same time, making complex spatial movements. By adjusting the speed ratio between the grinding disc and the cage, the outer circle of each cylindrical workpiece is in contact with each point on the grinding disc alternately, and the outer circle of a batch of cylindrical workpieces is simultaneously ground in the way of double-sided grinding of planar parts. Processing; it can ensure the consistency of the processing conditions of each workpiece, so that the outer circle of each cylindrical workpiece can be uniformly ground; at the same time, due to the principle of error homogenization, the shape error of a single workpiece and the size error between a batch of workpieces are fully homogenized, Thereby obtaining high-precision, high-consistency cylindrical parts. Due to the grinding and polishing process, the outer circle of the cylindrical workpiece has the surface quality of nano-scale mirror surface, less surface damage and residual stress.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in: 1. The processing conditions of each cylindrical workpiece are consistent, and a batch of workpieces are uniform in size accuracy and shape accuracy; 2. The grinding and polishing process is adopted to make the cylindrical parts The outer circle has the surface quality of nano-scale mirror surface, less surface damage and residual stress. 3. Applying the "evolutionary processing principle", the processing accuracy is relatively less dependent on the equipment accuracy, and can manufacture parts with processing accuracy far exceeding the equipment accuracy, and the manufacturing cost is low; 4. It is suitable for cylindrical parts of various materials and types Machining, especially bearings made of steel and ceramic materials are machined with precision cylindrical rollers.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical parts cylindrical machining device based on the eccentric swing type double-plane grinding of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of Fig. 1 in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a slotted shape and layout diagram of a cage in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a slotted shape and layout diagram of another cage in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, a method for superfinishing the outer circle of a high-precision cylindrical part, the processing device for realizing the processing method includes an upper grinding disc 2, a cage 4 and a lower grinding disc 5, the upper grinding disc The disc 2 is located above the lower grinding disc 5, the cage 4 is located between the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5, the rotating shaft of the upper grinding disc 2 and the rotating shaft of the lower grinding disc 5 are coaxially arranged, and the retaining frame 4 There is a definite offset distance between the shaft center line of the upper and lower grinding discs, and the cage 4 is connected to the cage drive crankshaft 7. turn alone;

The processing method includes the following process: the cylindrical part 3 to be processed is placed on the station of the holder 4, driven by the drive crankshaft 7 of the holder, the center of the holder performs a revolution around the rotating shaft 6 of the upper and lower grinding discs At the same time, the cage 4 rotates around its own center; driven by the cage 4, the upper grinding disc 2, and the lower grinding disc 5, the cylindrical part 3 performs complex spatial rolling and rotary motions, and the upper grinding 2 pairs of cylindrical parts Applying a processing load; superfinishing the outer circle of the cylindrical part 3 through the flat surface of the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5 with abrasive materials.

Further, during processing, material removal is achieved by using fixed abrasives or free abrasives;

Furthermore, during processing, polishing pads or fixed abrasives are pasted on the grinding disc.

Still further, the crankshaft 7 driven by the cage is a broken-line shaft, there is a definite offset between the axis lines at the upper and lower ends of the crankshaft, the rotating shaft 6 of the lower grinding disc is hollow, and the middle part of the lower grinding disc 5 A through hole is opened, and the crankshaft passes through the inner cavity of the rotating shaft of the lower grinding disc and the through hole.

Furthermore, the central hole of the cage 4 is connected with the crankshaft 4 driven by the cage.

Still further, the cage 4 is in the shape of a disk, and the surface of the cage 4 is provided with machining grooves for placing the parts 3 to be processed, which are distributed radially, concentrically or in a grid.

The axis line 8 of the rotating shaft of the upper and lower grinding discs, and the axis line 9 where the center hole of the cage is located.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the cage drive crankshaft 7 is a broken-line shaft, and there is a definite eccentricity between the axis lines at both ends of the shaft, and the eccentricity is adjustable. Generally, the eccentricity cannot be less than that of the cylindrical workpiece 3. axial length. One end of the cage drive crankshaft 7 is connected to the transmission system, and its axis line is coaxial with the axis line of the upper grinding disc 2 and the drive shaft 1, the lower grinding disc 5 and the drive shaft 6; the other end of the cage drive crankshaft 7 is connected to the holding The central holes of the frame 4 are connected, and sliding bearings or rolling bearings can be installed between the two; the cage 4 is placed between the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5, the cage 4 is slotted, and the workpiece 3 to be processed is placed on the holding In the groove of frame 4; the upper grinding disc, the lower grinding disc, and the cage drive the crankshaft independently driven by three motors through the transmission system, and the speed can be adjusted arbitrarily. ω1 is the speed of the upper grinding disc, ω2 is the speed of the cage, and ω3 is the rotational speed of the lower grinding disc.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the cage consists of two parts: 10. Base body; 11. Holes. The base 10 of the cage is disc-shaped, and there are a plurality of slots 11 on the base 10, and the slots 11 are through holes, which are used to constrain the movement of the cylindrical workpiece, and are distributed in a radial, concentric circle or grid shape; the slots The shape of 11 can be various shapes such as rectangle, octagon or circle, and the size of hole groove 11 is enough to just put into cylindrical workpiece; It has a definite deflection angle, generally within 15°.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, during processing, a batch of workpieces 3 are placed in the groove of the cage 4, and a load is applied to the workpieces 3 through the upper grinding disc 2. Driven by the rotation of the crankshaft 7 driven by the cage, the center of the cage 4 revolves around the rotating shafts of the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5 and at the same time rotates around its own center. Under the action of the cage 4 , the workpiece 3 revolves around the center of the cage 4 and rolls under the action of the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5 . Adjust the rotating speeds of the upper grinding disc 2, the lower grinding disc 5 and the crankshaft 7 driven by the cage. According to needs, the material of the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5 can be pure metal (such as cast iron, copper, tin, etc.), alloy (such as stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.), ceramics (such as zirconia, cubic boron nitride, etc.) , resin, etc. Material removal can be achieved with fixed abrasives or free abrasives, as required.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, if free abrasives are used for grinding, a hole needs to be opened on the upper grinding disc 2, and the grinding liquid is sprayed from the hole onto the workpiece 3, and the material removal is realized through the free abrasive in the grinding liquid . If free abrasives are used for polishing, it is necessary to install polishing pads on the surfaces of the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5 in advance. Materials such as flannelette or polyurethane can be selected, and then the polishing liquid is used for polishing. If the polishing liquid does not add abrasives, A chemical reactant must be added to react chemically with the workpiece 3 and perform chemical mechanical removal on the workpiece 3 . If a fixed abrasive is used for grinding, it is necessary to directly coat the fixed abrasive or install sandpaper on the surfaces of the upper grinding disc 2 and the lower grinding disc 5 in advance. During machining, the cooling lubricating fluid is sprayed through the holes of the upper grinding disc 2 .

Claims (6)

1. the superfine processing method of a high accuracy circular cylindrical parts cylindrical, it is characterized in that: the processing unit (plant) of realizing described processing method, comprise top lap, retainer and lower abrasive disk, described top lap is positioned at lower abrasive disk top, described retainer is between top lap and lower abrasive disk, the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft of top lap and lower abrasive disk is coaxial setting, the axial line of described retainer and the rotating shaft of upper and lower abrasive disk exist determines offset distance, and described retainer is connected with retainer driving crank; Top lap, lower abrasive disk, retainer, retainer driving crank all can rotate alone by speed separately;

Described processing method comprises following process: cylindrical component to be processed is placed on the station of described retainer, under the driving of retainer driving crank, revolution motion is done around the rotating shaft of upper and lower abrasive disk in retainer center, and simultaneously retainer does rotation movement around self center; Under retainer and the driving of upper and lower abrasive disk, cylindrical component is done complicated space and is rolled and gyration; By top lap, cylindrical component is applied to processing load; By upper and lower abrasive disc, coordinate abrasive material to carry out microstoning to the cylindrical of cylindrical component.

2. the superfine processing method of a kind of high accuracy circular cylindrical parts cylindrical as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: add man-hour, adopt fixed abrasive material or free abrasive to realize material and remove.

3. the superfine processing method of a kind of high accuracy circular cylindrical parts cylindrical as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: add man-hour, polishing pad is installed on abrasive disk or is applied fixed abrasive material.

4. the superfine processing method of a kind of high accuracy circular cylindrical parts cylindrical as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the axle that described retainer driving crank is broken line shape, between the axial line at the upper and lower two ends of described bent axle, exist and determine offset distance, the rotating shaft of described lower abrasive disk is hollow form, the middle part of lower abrasive disk has through hole, and described bent axle is through rotating shaft inner chamber and the through hole of described lower abrasive disk.

5. the superfine processing method of a kind of high accuracy circular cylindrical parts cylindrical as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the centre bore of described retainer is connected with retainer driving crank.

6. the superfine processing method of a kind of high accuracy circular cylindrical parts cylindrical as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described retainer is in the form of annular discs, in the card of described retainer, have the working groove of placing for part to be processed, be radial, concentric circles or lattice-shaped and distribute.

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